CSEC Social Studies

A brand new course offering complete coverage of the latest CXCÂŽ syllabus

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Social Studies for CSEC® Examinations Offers 100% coverage of the latest CSEC® Social Studies syllabus

Student-friendly, contemporary design ensures easy navigation throughout the book

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Includes a section for each of the final three exam options

Fact checks encourage students to work independently, and to corroborate information through research

Provides a dedicated SBA section, and offers SBA support throughout the course

A range of case studies focus on current Caribbean political, social, cultural and environmental challenges

FACTORS THAT PROMOTE AND HINDER REGIONAL INTEGRATION

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OBJECTIVES

Factors that promote and hinder regional integration

2) Outline the factors that hinder regional integration

FA C T C H E C K Find out about some websites and organisations that promote cultural heritage in your country.

Countries in the Caribbean enjoy many of the same qualities and face many of the same challenges. These similarities both help to unify countries and reinforce the need for regional integration. Some of these factors are considered over the next few pages.

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

1. Find out what the teenage pregnancy figures are for your country.

2. What response does Samantha Marshall want to put in place to assist pregnant teenage girls?

3. Identify ways that OECS countries could work together to tackle the issue of teenage pregnancy.

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Ask a few people what they think are some of the biggest economic or social issues facing your country. Now use the Internet to compare this to the economic and social issues facing other countries in the Caribbean (see http://bit.ly/2mscqUr). What similar issues are raised?

CASE STUDY

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Factors that promote regional integration

More positively, tourism and the provision of services is a vibrant and essential industry in many Caribbean islands. The beautiful setting of the Caribbean and the location of natural resources, such as beaches, forests, waterfalls and wetlands, are also common features which all islands have a responsibility to protect.

This can be done most effectively when countries join together. It is also the case that some Caribbean countries have more natural resources than others.

By sharing resources and operating an open policy of travel and trade between states, natural resources can be utilised to maximum advantage. By working together to protect their environments, build their economies and tackle social issues, Caribbean countries can achieve more than if they faced these issues alone.

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1) Outline the factors that promote regional integration

Teenage pregnancy in the Caribbean

Common cultural heritage The Caribbean has a long and colourful history. No matter what ethnic group people are from, all citizens of the Caribbean share in its cultural heritage.

There are many aspects of Caribbean culture that are common across the region including history, music, religion, food, dress and festivals. In addition, all Caribbean countries have common values, laws and ambitions. This common connection between people and countries is a means of strengthening regional integration between different Caribbean countries and people groups. Events, such as CARIFESTA, celebrate the Caribbean’s common cultural heritage and encourage solidarity between citizens and countries.

Traditional culture shown through dance, dress and festivals unites people across the Caribbean.

Common economic and social issues Just as people across the Caribbean share a cultural heritage, they are also subject to the same economic and social issues. Teenage pregnancy is a significant issue across many Caribbean states. High unemployment and underemployment levels and issues of poverty are also common problems in many Caribbean countries. These issues can be addressed through countries working together to improve intra-regional and international trade, which increases employment and reduces poverty. An example of this was the Caribbean Region Commonwealth Youth Ministers Meeting that brought together Caribbean leaders to address issues of youth employment, participation and development.

ACTIVITY With a partner, talk about at least three aspects of culture that you have in common.

Within the subregional grouping of the OECS, Antigua and Barbuda has the second highest rate of adolescent pregnancies (ages 15–19), at 46 births per 1,000 girls. St. Vincent and the Grenadines has the highest rate at 62 births per 1,000. Antigua and Barbuda are taking action to tackle the issue, including ensuring that pregnant teenagers are able to continue their education.

Traditionally, most Caribbean countries have asked students who become pregnant to leave school.

However, Samantha Marshall, Minister of Social Transformation and Human Resource Development in Antigua and Barbuda, argues that girls who have become pregnant should be encouraged to finish their education. ‘We need to really seriously look at putting in place a proper structure whereby we would have a school in place for pregnant teens to continue their education and be brought up to speed with whatever courses they may have missed out on,’ she says. In St. Kitts and Nevis, there are already procedures in place for girls to finish their education after having a child.

High Prevalence of Adolescent Pregnancy Worries Antiguan Authorities, Caribbean News Service (April 10, 2015) [http:// caribbeannewsservice.com/now/high-prevalence-of-adolescentpregnancy-worries-antiguan-authorities/]

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A range of activities develop skills such as as questionnaire writing, interviewing, hypothesis development and conclusion writing and encourage critical thinking, debate and the use of research skills

SBA: Analysis & interpretation Comparing your own research with findings, provided in documents or on the Internet, can combine to give a good overall impression of a situation. It may be that your own results correlate to the information given in reports and articles or your research may contradict published information. Either way, comparing your own research to published research or opinions can create a fuller picture.

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SBA tips highlight skills required for the SBA throughout the course, and a list of SBA suggested topics is provided at the end of each unit, helping students to link recent learning to their coursework

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At the end of each topic, assessment questions are provided to test students’ understanding

About the Author: Lucy Carman is the author of numerous social studies textbooks for the Caribbean and Africa, including Macmillan’s new CSEC® Social Studies Revision Guide. She has also worked with many international aid agencies, such as Christian Aid and Tearfund.

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Preparing for the examination

EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Exam practice questions

e) Explain ONE way EACH that land development for tourism may negatively impact the economic and the sociocultural environment of St. Vincent.

Land development for tourism could negatively impact the economic environment of St. Vincent by increasing the price of land for local people who want to build their own home.

The candidate could also have stated reducing aesthetic value, polluting the environment, damaging coral reefs or changing tidal patterns as ways that land development could affect the socio-cultural environment.

In addition to review questions at the end of the units, there is a dedicated exam practice section at the end of the book, which offers:

Model essay

Multiple-choice questions

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Model answers

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Short-answer questions

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Essay questions

Annotations to the model answers explain how to gain marks and what examiners look for in a great answer

The Caribbean is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world – and it’s not hard to see why! With some of the most beautiful beaches in the world and yearround tropical sunshine the Caribbean has everything you need. On top of that, many international airports offer direct flights. And, once you’ve arrived, there’s always the option of a spot of island hopping using our regional ferry or flight services.

These first few paragraphs provide everything that is asked for in the essay question: they identify tourist demand, competition with other destinations and environmental concerns as reasons why the tourist industry needs to diversify. At the same time, the writer acknowledges that sun, sea and sand are still a key element for holidays in the Caribbean. The candidate will score well as he is providing what has been asked for and maintaining an appropriate writing style for a travel magazine.

But don’t just take our word for it – the facts speak for themselves. The Caribbean remains one of the world’s most visited holiday destinations with many tourists coming back year on year.

The Caribbean has diversified over the last few years as some tourists are looking for more from their holiday. Many tourists still yearn for the sand, sea and sun that the Caribbean is known for but many tourists want to combine this with a particular sport or health benefits, or even the types of festivals that the Caribbean is famous for. In addition, many tourists and locals alike are concerned that tourism should not damage the natural environment of the Caribbean. As a result, and in order to compete with other destinations and experiences, the Caribbean has upped its game!

Choose from the following special experiences:

SECTION C1: COMMUNICATIONS

Section C: 3 option topics

1) Define and use correctly major terms and concepts associated with communication 2) Describe the various forms of communication used in the Caribbean

Forms of communication used in the Caribbean

3) Explain how forms and media of communication are influenced by geographical, sociocultural and technological factors

Communication describes the way in which a message, idea, emotion or feeling is transferred (or transmitted) from one person or group of people to another. The means by which a message is sent is called the medium. The plural of medium is media (which comes from the Latin word medius meaning intermediate agency). Mass media describes national and global communication networks (such as newspapers, TV, radio and the Internet) that allow messages to be sent on a national or global scale.

However large or small the scale of communication and whatever the message, there are key components that are required for all effective communication.

These are a sender (transmitter); a medium (the way the message is sent); a receiver (recipient); and the message itself. Sometimes, the recipient will respond by communicating back to the sender.

Breaking the four different types of tourism up into bullet points is good practice as it organises text and makes reading easier. The candidate is still thinking in terms of this essay being presented as a magazine article. The candidate could alternatively have mentioned culture/heritage tourism or cruises in place of two of these products.

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OBJECTIVES

Communication

The candidate could also have stated taking land away from agricultural use as a way that land development could negatively impact the economy.

Imagine you are writing an article for a travel magazine promoting the Caribbean as a tourist destination. Write persuasive text highlighting at least THREE reasons why the Caribbean is a good choice of holiday destination. Give TWO reasons why the Caribbean needs to diversify before describing FOUR different types of tourism product that the Caribbean offers. Finally, recommend TWO ways in which tourists can get the most from their holiday and discover the ‘real’ Caribbean, before suggesting THREE ways in which tourists could contribute to the local economy and culture during their stay whilst minimising damage to the environment.

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Land development for tourism could negatively impact the sociocultural environment of St. Vincent by causing resentment in local people who do not benefit from resorts and services that are built for tourists.

Mirroring the wording of the question shows examiners that you are addressing the issues required.

4) Describe the factors responsible for the breakdown in communication

Communication takes many different forms, which are outlined in the following pages.

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A section for each of the three final exam option topics (Communications; Consumer Affairs; Tourism) gives students the opportunity to choose which subjects to study in detail.

Non-verbal communication Only 7% of human communication is verbal. Facial expressions, pictures, gestures and posture can communicate a message about how someone is feeling or thinking without them having to say a word (i.e. not talking). Non-verbal communication takes many different forms.

Each topic offers:

Sender

Pictograms and pictographs A pictogram is a chart, usually with a key, that uses pictures to represent data. It can be a useful way to share information in an engaging and immediate way. It is also a very helpful way to communicate with young children or across language barriers as minimal or no words are needed.

Messge (through a medium)

Feedback

Receiver

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Objectives

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SBA tips and suggested topics

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Case studies, activities and fact checks

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Topic summary

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Assessment questions

The stages involved in the process of communication.

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The School-Based Assessment Social Studies for CSEC® Examinations offers students the maximum chance of success with their School-Based Assessment (SBA).

Throughout the book:

SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)

• Before submitting your final SBA, read through your entire report. Ensure that all nine tasks are included and check your writing for accuracy, clear presentation and excellent grammar, punctuation and sentence structure.

provide a good amount of statistical data but does not address a problem and does not give opportunity for viewpoints. Asking instead, To what extent does family breakdown contribute to juvenile delinquency? extends this area to address a problem and invite viewpoints which can be presented, analysed and interpreted and recommendations made.

Further notes and timeline on completing your SBA

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Regular SBA tips enable students to develop research skills and make connections between topics

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Suggested SBA topics to offer examples for potential coursework themes

When deciding on your research question, it is also important to think about who you will be asking the question to and ensuring that you will have access to the appropriate research group.

Although you should be thinking about and practising skills relating to your SBA from the start of the CSEC Social Studies course, the production of your SBA project will mainly be focused towards the end of fourth form and the beginning of fifth form. The stages of the SBA are broken down into suggested timeframes over the next few pages.

2. Provide reasons for selecting the area of research.

The reasons why you chose a particular topic to investigate may be personal or related to an issue in your school, community or country. You may have chosen a particular topic simply because it interests you. Whatever your reasons, you need to explain them clearly and concisely and give a brief background to the social problem in your community or country.

Fourth form, Term 3 1. State the problem to be researched as a question.

Dedicated SBA Section: •

Breaks down the SBA into clear stages and time frames to guide students through the SBA process

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Provides a list of components to be included in the SBA , and a checklist for the presentation of the SBA

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Offers important tips and tactics for students to guide students to a successful completion of the SBA

Although you will not yet have completed your Social Studies course, you will possibly have studied some or all of the topics in your CSEC syllabus in previous forms. You may need to look ahead in your textbooks and discuss with your teacher topics that have not yet been taught at CSEC in order to make an informed decision regarding what your research question will be.

3. Select the most appropriate method of investigation.

When selecting which method you will use to collect your data, you should think about: • the level of detail you require

Once you have decided on a topic that interests you or that has particular relevance in your community, start thinking about the wording of your question. Your research should pose one question and look closely at just one aspect of your chosen topic. Ensure also that your question provides the opportunity to research the views of different people. For example, asking, What is the most common family type in my community? could

• whether your study requires you to consult people or observe situations and environments • the number and range of people to reach • the means you have to contact people.

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Social Studies for CSEC® Examinations

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Student’s Book

eBook

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Advisor Team: Cheryl Bishop - Principal, Grenada Andrew Bramble - Education Officer, St. Vincent and the Grenadines Joy Brown-Skeete - School Coach, Guyana

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Celeste Clarke-Cox - Former Curriculum Officer, Barbados Hannah Douglas - Teacher, Grenada Zara Johnson - Teacher, Dominica

Renee Ramdial - Department Head, Trinidad Tracey-Ann Wellington - Teacher, Jamaica Philbert John - Teacher, St. Vincent and the Grenadines

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Macmillan Revision Resources: Your one-stop shop for exam success!

Packed with exam-type questions, perfect for using alongside Social Studies for CSEC® Examinations

All the revision and practice you need to achieve success in your CSEC® examinations

2013–2015 CSEC® Past Paper booklets are available for the following subjects: 9781786321916 9781786321756 9781786321879 9781786321855 9781786321817 9781786321985 9781786321824 9781786321930 9781786321862 9781786321909 9781786321831 9781786321954 9781786321770 9781786321947 9781786321787 9781786321923 9781786321992 9781786321893 9781786321794 9781786321961 9781786321763 9781786321800 9781786321848 9781786321978 9781786322005 9781786321886

CXC CSEC Social Studies past papers and a free syllabus are available to download from:

SOCIAL STUDIES

Agricultural Science Biology Caribbean History Chemistry Economics Electronic Document Preparation & Management English A English B French Geography Home Economics Human and Social Biology Industrial Technology ® ® Information Technology Integrated Science Mathematics and Additional Mathematics Office Administration Physical Education Physics Principles of Accounts Principles of Business Religious Education Social Studies Spanish Technical Drawing Theatre Arts, Visual Arts and Music

2013–2015 CSEC® Past Papers

The essential revision tool for every CSEC® learner

Social Studies

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Other examinations offered by the Caribbean Examinations Council: Caribbean Primary Exit Assessment (CPEA®), Caribbean Certificate of Secondary Level Competence (CCSLC®), Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE®) and Caribbean Vocational Qualification (CVQ®).

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You can also access CSEC® print past papers in all good bookstores

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2013–2015 CSEC PAST PAPERS ®

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