Flying High for Saudi Arabia - Level 2 - Student's Book by Macmillan Education

FlyingHigh for Saudi Arabia Level 2

Simon Brewster Paul Davies Mickey Rogers

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Contents UNIT

1 2

Page

In the past

LESSONS

GRAMMAR

1 Famous lives 2 Personal history 3 Famous events 4 Lifeline to history

• Past simple • Past simple Who / What questions • Past progressive

Describing people

1 Who is he? 2 Visitors 3 Meeting new people 4 Lifeline to descriptions

• Present progressive as future • Prepositional modifiers

Time out

1 On the town 2 What’s happening? 3 Internet! 4 Lifeline to food management

• Gerunds and infinitives • Going to / will / won’t

Learning for life

1 School days 2 Choices 3 Learning culture 4 Lifeline to career planning

• Comparatives • Requests

On the move

1 Getting around 2 Getting away from it all 3 Getting there 4 Lifeline to exploration

• Superlatives • Too / either

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Contents

FUNCTIONS

VOCABULARY

PRONUNCIATION

• Talking about famous people’s lives • Talking about famous events • Describing a scene • Talking about events in the past

• Past tense verbs • Understanding words from context

• Past tense regular verbs

• Describing people • Talking about future plans • Identifying people • Talking about characteristics

• Physical descriptions • Personality adjectives • Sports and leisure activities • Small talk

• Word stress

• Giving directions • Making plans • Making suggestions • Planning a small business

• Prepositions and directions • Computers and the Internet

• Stress and weak forms

• Talking about school • Talking about plans after graduation • Making requests • Talking about careers

• School • Adjectives to describe places • Careers

• Intonation and linking

• Describing modes of transportation • Talking about tourist destinations • Expressing agreement • Talking about famous explorers

• Transportation • Hotels and vacation destinations • Adjectives

• Sentence stress

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Contents UNIT

6 7 8 9

A B

Page

LESSONS

GRAMMAR

Healthy living

1 Laughter is the best medicine 2 Your favorite team 3 Get a life! 4 Lifeline to living things

• Possessive pronouns • Have to / need to / want to

The story so far

1 Life histories 2 Experience and experiences 3 Success stories 4 Lifeline to the English language

• Present perfect with ever / never • Present perfect vs. past simple

Ways of life

• Do / make 1 Traditions • Present perfect with for / since 2 Your life and how long? 3 Working together 4 Lifeline to business administration • Tell / ask / want

What’s next?

1 Reviewing the situation 2 Lifestyle changes 3 Twenty-five years from now 4 Lifeline to communications technology

Irregular verbs Pronunciation Learner training Spelling rules

78 79 80 82

• Should / shouldn’t • Will / won’t / might

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Contents

FUNCTIONS

VOCABULARY

PRONUNCIATION

• Talking about health and fitness • Talking about sports • Talking about obligation • Talking about leisure time

• Health • Sports and exercise • Ways to organize your own life

• Sounds – /I/ and /i/

• Talking about life events • Talking about experiences • Talking about successful people • Talking about the English language

• Life events • Experiences • American and British English

• Sounds – vowels

• Talking about traditions • Talking about people’s lives • Talking about parents and children

• Do / make • Time expressions with for and since • Business administration

• Stress and rhythm

• Talking about your life • Giving advice • Making predictions • Talking about technology

• Study, hobbies, home, family and friends • Communication and technology

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Unit 1 In the past

Famous lives

1 Speaking and reading a What do you know about the man in the photograph? b Match the topics with the paragraphs in the article. a) Fans and legacy

c) Al-Nasr

b) His childhood

d) International success

c Read the article again and complete the profile.

The Diamond of Arabia

Majed Abdullah was born in Jeddah on -29 Rabi'athThani 1379 A.H. (November 1, 1959). When he was six, his father got a job as coach of the Al-Nasr youth team and the family moved to Riyadh. As a boy, Majed loved football and spent all his time playing at school and for the neighborhood team, mostly as a goalkeeper. When he was 10, a striker for his neighborhood team didn’t turn up for a game and they asked Majed to be striker instead. Majed scored two goals, his team won and he became a local celebrity.

Amazingly, he scored two goals in that first ever game for his country. After that Majed played for the Saudi national team until 1994. This was the golden period of Saudi football. The national team won the Asian Cup in 1984 and 1988, and even qualified for the World Cup in 1994 with Majed as captain.

4 Majed Abdullah had a large number of great fans. People traveled from far away to watch him play and even people who didn’t like football liked to watch him on TV. There are two documentary films about him. People called him the ‘Diamond of Arabia’. When he stopped playing for Al-Nasr in 1998, the club ‘retired’ his famous number 9 shirt. Nobody else will ever wear that number.

From his early childhood, Majed wanted to play for his father’s club, Al-Nasr. In 1975 the junior team coach saw Majed play and was so impressed that he signed the boy soon after. Majed played his first game for the first team in 1976 and scored a goal. During 22 years at Al-Nasr, Majed scored 323 more goals for the team – the most goals by any player. With Majed as striker, Al-Nasr were very strong, and in 1981 they became the first team to win the ‘double’ – both Date / place of birth: ……………………………………………… the national league and the King’s Cup.

Profile of majed abdullah

3 After only five games for Al-Nasr, the Saudi national team selected him to play in a friendly against the Portuguese team, Benfica in 1977. He was just 18.

Father’s occupation: ………………….……………...........…… Year of first goal for Al-Nasr: ……………………...………… Number of goals for Al-Nasr: ………………....….......……… Year of first goal for national team: ………………………… Number of years in national team: ……………………..……

Unit 1

Nickname: ………………………….............……....................

In the past Lesson 1 2 Pronunciation: past tense regular verbs a Listen and practice these past tense verbs. How is the pronunciation of the last two verbs different? 2

loved scored

liked traveled

moved called

asked stopped

played wanted

qualified selected

b In pairs, ask and answer these questions about Majed Abdullah. 18 19 Pay 20 special 21 22attention 23 24 to 25the pronunciation of the past tense verbs. Student A 28 29 30 31 32 33 1 Where did Majed’s family move to when he was six? 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 2 As a child, which team did Majed want to play for? 3 When did Majed play his first game for Al-Nasr? 26

42 50 58

Student B 4 Who did the Saudi national team play against in 1977? 5 How many goals did Majed score in the first game for his country? 6 What did his fans call him?

3 Reading and listening 51

a Read the conversation and circle the answers you think are correct.

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

What are you doing? I’m reading a Web page about Mohammad Ali, the boxer. He must be quite old now – sixty-something? When was he born? a) In 1942 b) In 1945 c) In 1950. And where was he born? a) In New York b) In Memphis, Tennessee c) In Louisville, Kentucky. And he wasn’t always called Mohammad Ali, was he? No, his first name was a) Cassius Smith b) Cassius Jones c) Cassius Clay. He changed it when he became a Muslim. When did he do that? a) In 1958 b) In I960 c) In 1964. And when did he become famous? At the 1960 Olympic Games in a) Paris b) Rome c) London. He won a gold medal. He was world champion more than once, wasn’t he? Yes. a) Twice b) Three times c) Four times.

b Listen and check your answers.

27 28Name: 29 _________________ 30 31 32 33

35 36Place 37 of 38 40 41 birth:39 _________________

43 44Greatest 45 46 47 48 __________________ 49 achievement:

4 Speaking and writing 12

a In pairs, ask and answer questions to complete Box A or Box B about Refer to the conversation in exercise 3 for help. 18 19 20 the 21 person 22 23in the 24 photograph. 25

Date of birth: ___________________ February 14, 1847 Occupation: _________________ Inventor

Parents’ names: ________________________ Samuel Edison and 53 54 55 ________________________ 56 57 Nancy Elliott First job: _____________________________ 58 59 Date 60 61of death: 62 63 64 __________________ October 18, 1931 50

51 52

B Name: _________________ Thomas Edison Date of birth: ___________________ Place of birth: _________________ Milan, Ohio Occupation: _________________ Invented electric Greatest achievement: __________________ lightbulb __________________ Parents’ names: ________________________ First job: _____________________________ Selling newspapers on trains Date of death: __________________

b Use the information in your box to write a short biography of Thomas Edison. c With your partner, compare your biographies. Is the information the same? If there are differences, look back at exercise 4a to check.

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Unit 1

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Lesson 2 In the past

2 Personal history 1 Reading and listening a Read the conversation and guess Hakim’s answers to the questions. Complete the conversation with the letters of the answers. a) worked for various Saudi Arabian newspapers b) wanted to describe c) studied political science d) At school Interviewer: Today I’m talking to Mohamed Hakim. Mr. Hakim is a writer, and his book, Separation, won this year’s Arabic Young Writer of the Year Prize. Mr. Hakim, thanks for talking to me. Tell me, can we first talk about when you were young? Hakim:

Yes, I was born in Az Zaimah but moved to Taif when I was still young.

Interviewer: What was the idea behind Separation? Hakim:

Interviewer: Did you always want to be a writer? Hakim:

Yes, I did. (1) __________ I always liked writing. But when I went to the University of King Abdulaziz, I (2) _________ .

Interviewer: So did you write novels while you were at university or after you left? Hakim:

When I left university I was a journalist and (3) _____________________ .

Interviewer: What do you do now? Hakim:

Well, now I write novels and I still work as a journalist for one of the daily papers working on the political columns.

I wanted to show the situation of the very poor in Saudi society but I didn’t want to show only that world. The novel switches between and compares the world of the very rich and very poor. I (4) _______________ both worlds in a lot of detail.

Interviewer: How do you feel about winning the prize? Hakim:

Well, of course, as I am young this award is very important for my career. But I also think this award is very important for literature in the Gulf region as it shows the wealth of talent there is in Saudi Arabia.

b Listen and check.

the 40 affirmative, the different persons (I, you, he, etc.) use a) different past forms b) the same past form. 37 1 38 In39 41

861

2 Grammar 14 15 16 17builder: past simple tense a Read these sentences and underline the correct choice for each statement below. 22

A At school he liked writing. His teachers helped him a lot. B I didn’t want to show only the world of the very poor. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 C Did you always want to be a writer? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 2 In the negative and interrogative, the main verb is in a) the infinitive form b) the past form. 3 In the negative and interrogative, the different persons (I, you, he, etc.) 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 a) all use the auxiliary form did b) use different auxiliary forms. 54

Unit 62 63 1 64

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In the past Lesson 2 b Complete the verb table and add four more verbs. Compare your tables in groups. Which of the verbs in your table are regular?

Infinitive

win

________

tell

________

Past

________

helped

________

started

________

worked

________

3 Grammar builder: past simple tense – Who / What questions

Look at these questions and answers and choose the correct phrase for each statement below. Who / What as subject Who won the prize? What made Hakim happy? Who / What as object Who did Hakim write about? What did Hakim study at university?

Hakim did. Winning the prize did. He wrote about Saudi people. He studied political science.

1 In Who / What questions, we use did when Who / What is a) the subject b) the object of the verb.

Language assistant With both types of questions, the answers can be short: Who won the prize? Hakim. What made Hakim happy? The prize.

2 When Who / What is the subject, the verb is in a) the infinitive form b) the past form. 3 When Who / What is the object, the main verb is in a) the infinitive form b) the past form.

4 Speaking a Complete the questions. When you were younger

My partner

1 Where / live? 2 Have / any neighbors? 3 Have / many friends? 4 What / usually / do in your free time? 5 What / food / like? 6 What / favorite sport? 7 Who / admire the most? 8 Who / teach / you the most? b Answer the questions in 4a with your own information. c Now interview a classmate. Write down the answers in column 2 of the table.

5 Writing a Use the information from your interview to write a paragraph about your partner. b Give your paragraph to your partner. Read your partner’s paragraph about you and correct any incorrect information.

Unit 1

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Lesson 3 In the past

3 Famous events 1 Speaking and reading Look at the picture of Krakatoa. What do you and your classmates know about this island? What happened, or what do you think happened? Read the article and check.

Krakatoa

rigues in the Indian Ocean people on the Island of Rod On August 27th 1883, the rd some loud bangs. ly business when they hea were going about their dai re hearing the volcano we y the firing guns. In fact, s wa e eon som t ugh tho They in Indonesia! ing nearly 5,000 km away Krakatoa. It was explod underground noises for g out smoke and making r The volcano was blowin l ships were sailing nea era n, on August 26th, sev The 3. 188 the in s of nth out mo l severa high coming orted a cloud of ash 27 km the island. The sailors rep ps. shi ir the landed on mountain. A lot of the ash nd of Krakatoa and 165 loded, destroying the isla exp o e can vol the day t The nex â&#x20AC;&#x201C; most of them not becaus area. 36,417 people died the in s ve age wa vill at gre and s ns Thi i. tow tsunam because of an enormous It of the volcano itself, but sea all over the region. the oss acr ed vel tra and ion los exp the r came afte everything in its path. destroyed everyone and

2 Reading a Read the article again and put these events in the correct order. A tsunami killed many people. The volcano blew out smoke. The people on Rodrigues heard bangs. The volcano exploded. Sailors saw a cloud of ash. b Read the article again and complete this fact sheet. DATE OF EXPLOSION

DISTANCE TRAVELED BY

NAME OF VOLCANO

COUNTRY OF VOLCANO

SOUND OF EXPLOSION

PEOPLE KILLED

TOWNS AND VILLAGES DESTROYED

Unit 1

3 Word builder: understanding words from context

a Choose the correct meaning of these words and phrases from the text. 1 ocean ___

a) an exploding mountain

2 going about their daily business ___

b) a great wave in the sea

3 volcano ___

c) came down from the sky

4 landed ___

d) doing normal things

5 destroy ___

e) knock down (things), kill (people)

6 tsunami ___

f) a large area of sea

b Next to each word above, note how you guessed the meaning. A I already knew the word. B I understood the word from the context.

In the past Lesson 3 4 Grammar builder: past progressive a Look at the rule for using the past progressive. Which of the sentences is an example of a) and which of b)? We use this tense to talk about something in progress in the past. We sometimes: a) do not specify the time or b) mention an event that interrupted the event in progress. 1 The people were going about their daily business when they heard some loud bangs. ______ 2 It was exploding nearly 5,000 km away in Indonesia. ______ b Circle the appropriate forms (past progressive or simple past ) in these sentences. Say which action interrupted the other. 1 Some people had / were having lunch when Krakatoa exploded / was exploding. 2 When the volcano began / was beginning to explode, ships sailed / were sailing near the island. 3 The islanders thought / were thinking they heard the sound of guns. In fact Krakatoa exploded / was exploding. c Write the verbs in parentheses in the correct form. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Last night I ____________ (sleep) when my brother ____________ (come) home. This time last year, we ____________ (take) English 1. My parents __________ (watch) a documentary when my aunt ____________ (call). When the teacher ____________ (ask) me a question, I ________________ (not listen). You weren’t home on Sunday afternoon. What ____________ you ____________ (do)? When we ____________ (arrive) at the restaurant, our friends____________ (wait).

5 Speaking and listening a In pairs, look at the picture and discuss what happened. b Listen to the police officer questioning two 6 witnesses. 7 8 9Complete this table.

13 14 15

21 22 Time 23 of 24accident 25

29 30 in31 32 33 accident

45 c 46 Which 47 48witness 49 gave the correct information?

61 a 62 In63small 64 groups, think of an important event that

Number of people

Number of men / women

Witness 1 Witness 2

54 55 56 57 6 Speaking and writing

happened in your country last year, or sometime in the last few years.

b What were you doing when this event happened? Tell each other. I was (having dinner and talking to my parents) when… c Write sentences about the other students in your group. What were they doing?

Unit 1

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Lesson 4

In the past

4 Lifeline to history

1 2 10 9 8 11 12 13 20 19 18

In the beginning

What great city was founded in 7 753 53 B.C.?

What nationality was Umm Koulthoum?

Which is the top oil-producing country?

Who was Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi?

Which country invented the Olympic Games?

Where is the ancient city of Nineveh?

What was U.S. President Abraham Lincoln doing when he died in 1865?

Now

Put these Russian Which island in leaders into the Who was the ruler the Pacific Ocean correct order: 1 Boris of Ethiopia from became the 50th U.S. Yeltsin 2 Vladimir 1930–1974? state in 1959? Putin 3 Mikhail Gorbachev

When did World War II end?

1 Reading and speaking In groups, play the history game. You need cards with numbers from 1 – 6 written on. 1 2 3

Choose a card at random and move your marker the corresponding number of spaces. Answer the question on the space. If your answer is correct, stay on the space. If your answer is incorrect, go back to your previous space. The first player to go from “In the Beginning” to “Now” wins!

Unit 1

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In the past

Lesson 4

3 4 7 6 5 14 15 17 16

When did Mohammad Ali win an Olympic Gold Medal? a) 1960 b) 1962 c) 1964

What did Sony invent in 1982?

In which country did the Aztecs live?

What did Henry Rolls Who was President and Charles Royce of Egypt from produce in 1906? 1954–1970?

What did the Wright What was the capital brothers, Orville and city of Brazil before Wilbur, do in the U.S. Brasilia (in 1960)? in 1903?

When did Pakistan and India become separate countries?

What was Neil Armstrong doing on July 20, 1969?

2 Writing and speaking a Write at least three questions about well-known events or people in your country. They can be Yes / No questions (Did Did …?) or information questions (Who …? When …? Where …? What …?). b In groups, take turns asking the questions you have prepared. The person with the most correct answers wins.

Unit 1

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Unit 2 Describing people

Who is he? A

1 Reading

Suli is applying for a new job. As part of the selection process the company wants him to write a short description of himself. Read the description and look at the photographs. Which one is Suli? I am 24 years old, average height, slim with short dark hair and brown eyes. I’m athletic – I love most sports. I wear smart clothes for work – I usually wear a suit and I wear my best traditional clothes on Fridays. I wear casual clothes at home and with the family. I’m outgoing and easy to get along with. I make friends easily.

2 Word builder: physical descriptions

Language assistant

a Use the words in the table to describe one of the people in the other photographs. Give your description to another student to guess which person you are describing.

We usually describe hair in the order shown in the table: length, type, color: short, curly blond hair.

Joe isn’t 30, and he isn’t athletic. He’s … Height (be)

Body type (be)

Hair length (have) Hair type (have) Hair color (have) Eye color (have)

tall

overweight

long

curly

black

brown

average length

wavy

blond

gray

average height heavy short

average weight short

straight

brown

blue

slim

red

green

gray

b Write a description of yourself and another person in the classroom – another student or your teacher. Don’t write the person’s name. He’s tall and slim. He has blue eyes and … c In groups, read your description. The group guesses the person. Who wrote the best description?

Unit 2

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Describing people Lesson 1 3 Pronunciation: word stress a Look at the words in the box. Guess the stressed syllable. difficult creative

11 3

12 4

13 5

14 6

19 11

20 12

21 13

27 19

28 20

35 27

serious honest professional dependable

generous intelligent

attractive outgoing

b Now listen and check. 7

c Listen again and practice the words. 15 7

16 8

17 9

22 14

23 15

24 16

25 17

29 21

30 22

31 23

32 24

33 25

36 28

37 29

38 30

39 31

40 32

41 33

43 35

44 36

45 37

46 38

47 39

48 40

49 41

51 43

52 44

53 45

54 46

55 47

56 48

57 49

59 51

60 52

61 53

62 54

63 55

64 56

4 Listening a Paul is an English teacher working in a Saudi university. One of his colleagues, 8 Hassan, 9 got married, and Paul was invited. After the wedding, Paul is telling another colleague about the wedding and they look at the photographs Paul took. man is Hassan? 12 13 14 15 16 Which 17 Personality Likes b Listen again and complete the table 4

20 4

21 5

22 6

23 7

24 25 8 about 9 Hassan.

28 12

29 13

30 14

31 15

32 16

33 17

36 20

37 21

38 22

39 23

40 24

41 25

52 36

53 37

54 38

55 b 56 Using 57 your notes, describe the person to another 39 40 41

outgoing

most sports

5 Writing

a Make notes about a famous person in your country – a politician, a sportsperson, someone 44 45 46 47 28 29 30 31 48 32 49 33 on television. student. Don’t say the person’s name. Can the 60 61 62 63 64 44 45 46 47 48 other 49 student guess who he/she is? 52

Language assistant To ask about appearance: What does he / she look like? To ask about personality: What is he / she like?

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Unit 2

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Lesson 2 Describing people

2 Visitors 1 Listening, reading, and speaking a Listen and read the conversation below.

9 Dave:

Pete:

We’ve got an important visitor from Riyadh. My boss wants me to take him out for the evening.

Dave:

Why you?

Pete:

Well, he’s in his twenties – about the same age as me. And we both like football. My boss says he’s a very nice guy and he speaks really good English.

Dave: 2

You’re looking smart, Pete. What’s the important occasion?

Pete:

b Are these statements true or false? 1 The visitor is older than Pete.

What are you doing? Where are you taking him?

2 Pete’s boss knows the visitor.

I’m meeting him at his hotel at seven o’clock and then I’m taking him out for a good meal. I think we’re going to the new Lebanese restaurant on Hill Avenue.

3 Pete knows the visitor. 4 Pete’s taking him for a meal at his hotel. 5 Pete’s paying for the meal.

Dave:

That’s expensive. I hope your company is paying!

Look at the photograph. Which person is Pete. Why?

Pete:

Of course!

d Work in pairs. You are taking a foreign visitor out for the evening in your town. Make plans.

2 Grammar builder: present progressive as future a Look at these sentences from the conversation in exercise 1a. What are you doing? I'm meeting him at his hotel at 7 o’clock. Do they refer to a) an action in progress or b) a definite plan in the future? b Match the uses of the present progressive with the sentences. A B C

an action in progress at the moment of speaking a temporary action in progress for an extended period of time a definite plan in the near future

1 2 3

I’m seeing my friend Imad on Sunday. A: Where’s Tony? B: He’s doing his homework homework in the library. I’m taking eight classes this semester.

c Complete the e-mail with the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses.

Hi Joe, My boss I’m sorry, but I can’t meet you this evening. visitor! n foreig a ain entert to me ) (want (1) (take) him out to (meet) him at seven and (3) (2) and (5) h ish Englis Engl good k) (spea t. He (4) rant. auran restau a rest ms there! lems proble (like) football, so no prob evening. (have) a late meeting in the office tomorrow We (6) (be) (7) day? Thurs ps we can meet after work on aps perha But perh that O.K. with you? All the best, Pete

Unit 2

Describing people Lesson 2 3 Listening a Listen to the conversation. Is the meeting successful? 6

b Listen again. Choose the correct sentences. 1 Zayed Al-Fahim is a) an informal person b) a formal person. 2 It a) is b) isn’t his first time in New York. 3 He’s staying in New York for a) two b) three nights. 4 He’s going to a football game in a) England b) France. 5 Pete a) is b) isn’t going to the game with him.

57 b In groups, talk about your plans for the weekend.

4 Speaking a Check (✓) the activities you like doing. Are you doing anything special? Who has the most interesting plans? A: What are you doing this weekend, Amin? B: Nothing exciting. I’m staying home and watching TV on Thursday. On Friday, I’m going out to dinner with my family. What about you, Fadi? C: On Thursday, I’m going shopping with my friends. On Friday, my cousins from London are coming to visit.

Language assistant Consonant–vowel–consonant: double the final consonant (shop–shopping) Consonant + e: drop the -e (dive–diving)

I like … going

going + verb + -ing

out

shopping

out of town

swimming

out to dinner / lunch

jogging

to parks

bowling

to museums

picnicking

to football games

sightseeing

to the mosque

horseback riding

to the beach

sailing

Unit 2

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Lesson 3 Describing people

3 Meeting new people

2 2 10

1 3 Listening 4 5 6

a Look at the picture, listen, and check (✓) the people who are mentioned. 3 11

4 12

5 13

6 14

7 15

8 16

9 17

10 18

11 12 19 Conversation 20 13 21 14 22 15 23 1

16 24

17 25

18 26

19 20 22 23 24 27 Second 28 21 29man: 30 The 31 young 32 25 33boy _________________ my father.

26 34

27 28 30 31 32 33 35 Second 36 29 37man: 38 Who 39 is 40that 41man _____________________ ?

34 42

35 43

42 50

2 Grammar builder: prepositional modifiers 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

50 58

51 man54 / the55 / the57woman / the girl / the person / the one + -ing verb: 59 1 52 60the53 61 62 63guy56 64

59 2 60the61 man62 / the63guy64/ the woman / the girl / the person / the one + prepositional phrase:

b Listen again. How do the speakers describe the people they are talking about? First man: The one __________________ to the older man.

Conversation 2

Second man: The one in the _________________ . 36 44 52

37 45 53

38 46 54

39 47 55

40 48 56

41 49 57

You can identify people in two ways:

the man sitting on the sofa / the one talking to the gray-haired woman

the guy in the red shirt / the woman with long dark hair

a Rewrite these sentences using a preposition or an -ing verb. 1 2 3

I know the guy. He has a book in his hand. I know the guy with a book in his hand. I know the man. He’s holding books. I want to talk to the man. He’s with Feras.

4 See that man? He has brown curly hair. 5 I think the man is Paul’s brother. He’s in a red shirt. 6 There’s a guy. He’s drinking coffee on the sofa.

Unit 2

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Describing people Lesson 3 b In pairs, identify people in the picture. Point to the person your partner is identifying.

Language assistant

A: The guy in the suit (or The guy wearing a suit).

You can replace the verb have with the preposition with to identify someone. Saad has black hair. Saad is the guy with black hair.

B: (Point to the man) c Identify your classmates. A: He’s the one talking to Ahmed.

C: He’s the guy in a green shirt.

B: Fahd?

D: Steve?

A: Yes.

C: No, the one sitting next to Walid.

D: Oh, David.

3 Word builder: small talk When we want to get to know someone, we often use “small talk” to open a conversation and to keep it going. Some common topics of small talk are the following:

At a gathering Man 1: Excuse me, could I have more juice, please?

1 Comments on what is happening at the moment (a gathering, a football game, etc.)

4 The weather and climate 5 Obvious common interests (books, hobbies, etc.) a Which of the topics above are used for small talk in Saudi Arabia? b Match the sentences in the box with the conversations. Then match each conversation with one of the topics above. You’re Rahul’s brother, right? Are you enjoying the gathering? Better than in winter. By the way, my name’s Ben. So, do you go to a lot of gatherings? Do you come here often?

c Choose two of the conversations from above. Walk around the classroom and act out the conversations with your classmates.

Man 1: Yes, how about you?

Man 1: Great gathering!

Man 2: Yeah, it is. (3) _____

Man 1: (4) _____

Man 1: It’s nice to meet you. I’m Gafar.

Man 2: Me, too. (2) _____

Man 2: Sure. (1) _____

2 Personal questions – but not too personal! (where the other person is from, what the person does, where he or she studies, etc.) 3 A request for something (the time, something to drink at a gathering, a pen in class, etc.)

You can replace wearing with the preposition in: Sami is the guy wearing jeans. Sami is the guy in jeans.

Man 2: Yes. My name’s Jim.

Man 1: No, not often.

Man 1: Hi, I’m Omar.

In the park Man 1: Nice day, isn’t it?

Man: It's beautiful at this time of year.

Man 2: Yeah, it’s great.

Man 1: (5) _____

Man: Yes, it is.

Man 2: Every day.

Man: (6) _____

Unit 2

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Lesson 4 Describing people

4 Lifeline to descriptions

FOCUS on TWINS Nobody believes it, but Issah and Yazeed are twins. Why don’t people believe it? Because they are totally different in looks and personality. Issah is tall and thin with straight hair and Yazeed is a little overweight, below average height, and has curly hair. Issah’s very outgoing – he loves having people around him. He loves sports and he likes to go riding. Yazeed is shy. It takes him a long time to make friends and he’s not at all sporty.

1 Reading and speaking a Look at the photograph above. Which man is Issah and which is Yazeed? Discuss the reasons for your decision with your partner. b Discuss other differences between Issah and Yazeed. Issah’s wearing … Yazeed has … c Describe a close relative or someone famous to your partner.

Unit 2

Describing people 2

24 Listening 5 6 7

Lesson 4

a Listen to one of the brothers talking about their 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 childhood. 18 2

19 3

b Which brother is talking, Issah or Yazeed? Why do 20 21 22 23 24 25 you think so? 4

again 26 27 c28 Listen 29 30 31 and 32 write 33 I (Issah) or Y (Yazeed) next to 13 statements. 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 the 34 18

35 19

liked with his friends. 36 1 37___38 39playing 40 41 20 21 22 23 24 25

42 26

43 27

44 45 46 47 48 49 watching 28 3 29___30 31 32old33films.

50 34

51 35

didn’t 52 4 53___54 55 like 56 school. 57 36 5 37___38 39 40 didn’t do his41 homework.

58 42

59 43

60 6 61___62 63 his 64 exams. passed 44 45 46 47 48 49

352 Speaking 53 54 55

2 ___ liked reading.

a Check (✔) your physical and personality 60 characteristics. 61 62 63 64Then circle the characteristics of your best friend or brother/sister. Is he/she like you, or different?

APPEARANCE

BODY

EYES

PERSONALITY HAIR

tall

brown

long

blond

calm

shy

overweight

blue

short

brown

nervous

emotional

average height

green

average length

black

energetic

athletic

average weight

curly

red

imaginative

relaxed

short

straight

happy

practical

slim

wavy

outgoing

introspective

b In groups, talk about the results. Are most people’s best friends / brothers / sisters similar to them, or different? I’m not very athletic. I think I’m … and … I’m a little … He’s / She’s …

4 Speaking and writing a Your teacher will leave the room. He is going missing! b In pairs, complete this missing person form to help the police to find him.

PoliCe STa STaT aTioN information about missing person PleaSe aNSWer TheSe QueSTioNS abouT The miSSiNG PerSoN First Name ___ __________________________________________________________________ Family Name _________________________________________________________________ Age __________________ Nationality ____________________________________ How tall is he/she? _________________ What is the color of his/her: Eyes ______________________ Hair __________________ What is he/she wearing? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Can you give any other information that may help us to find him/her? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Unit 2

Unit 3 Time out

On the town

1 Reading and speaking Read the text and answer these questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

What subject does the museum cover? What can you see there? What can you learn about? Which ministry is it associated with? What do visitors have to be to enter the museum? Where is the museum?

The King A Museum bdul Aziz Milit ary in associati Riyadh works in on with th of Defen se and A e Ministry viation o Saudi Ara f the fines bia. It is one of t museu ms in th Kingdom e o Visitors f Saudi Arabia. can adm ire the ra and exo tic re learn ab collections, an d out the pro celebrate d Saudi gress of the forces.

★

There are everythin displays of g to milita , from weapons ry uniform need to s. You be Adminis affiliated to th e tration o f College in order the Military to visit it .

ADDRES

King Ab dul Salbourk Aziz Military Co llege h Road Riyadh

2 Word builder: prepositions and directions Look at the map on page 23. In pairs, complete the paragraph with the correct place names. The King Fahd Library is in (1) ________________ . It’s on (2) ________________ , across from the Riyadh (3) ________________ . The Museum of Modern Art is next to (4) ________________ and the (5) ________________ Museum. The Museum Hotel is behind the (6) ________________ Museum and the (7) ________________ . The Community Center is near (8) ________________ . From the library, turn left on Al Imam Ash Sharfi, go three blocks, and you’re at the (9) ________________ Theater. From the King Fahd Library, turn right, then turn left at the corner of King Fahd Road, go two blocks, and you’re at the (10) ________________ Club. It’s on the corner of King Fahd Road and Ad Daghur, on your left.

Language assistant Prepositions

behind

Unit 3

across from

between

next to

near

Time out Lesson 1

Exhibition Center

Executive Hotel University Club

Museum Hotel Folk Art Museum

Broadway

3 Listening 5 6 7 8

King Fahd Library

Community Center

4 6Pronunciation: stress and weak forms 7 8 9

13 listen 14 15 16 librarian 17 10in 11 to the

directions three 21 giving 22 23 24 25 to 18 19

21 221 23 Turn24 left 25 at the corner.

39 40 41 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 2 38____________________ 5 Writing and

3 46____________________ pairs, 47 48 49 42 43 44 45 a 46In 47 48use 49the map above to write a conversation asking for directions.

Museum of Modern Art

Look at the map and

the King Fahd Library

Listen and underline the stressed syllables. Note the pronunciation

14of 15 16 from, 17 to and the, a, an. Then practice saying the at, of,

sentences.

people. Write the names 2 It’s at the end of the block. places. 26 27 28 29 of30the31 32 33 26 27 28 29 303 31 32 33from a restaurant. It’s across 1 ____________________

4 It’s next to the museum. 5 They’re at a hotel. 6 It’s near an art gallery.

speaking

54You 55are56 57 Community Center. at the

A: Excuse me. How do I get to the Museum Hotel? 63

B: Turn left on Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz Road. Go two blocks and turn right on Ad Daghir. Cross the King Faisal Road and go half a block. The hotel is on your right. A: Thanks.

b Act out the conversation for your class. c In pairs, practise giving directions to places in your area.

Unit 3

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Lesson 2 Time out

2 What’s happening? 1 Speaking and reading a Discuss with a partner things you like to do on weekends, for example, going to the park, eating out, etc. Make a list. b Read this list of things to do in Riyadh and out of town. Are there any similar activities on your list? 1 shopping

Things to do on the weekend. It’s your choice! Shop 'til you drop Whole day shopping expedition at the Kingdom Centre in Riyadh with popular women-only floor (The Ladies Kingdom). Each person receives 100 riyal to get you started! 09:00–16:00. Lunch included at the Food Court where each person can choose their own favorite meal.

Racing at Janadriyah For centuries, the Arabian horse has been considered one of Saudi Arabia’s greatest treasures. They are known throughout the world for their strength and beauty. Spend the afternoon and evening watching these beautiful Arabian and thoroughbred horses race at the King Abdul Aziz Race Track. Lunch before the races and special visit to the stables included.

The National Museum, Riyadh Find out about the Kingdom’s history, cultural past, and development. Follow the historical timeline to find out about the life of the Prophet Mohammed in Saudi Arabia. Find out about the Arabic Kingdom with our interactive maps. Come early and spend the day in the parks and gardens that surround the museum. Bring a picnic and rest on the lawns in the shade of the beautiful trees and palms. Traditional village at Ushaiger An all-day excursion to Usahaiger, a restored traditional village, which is approximately 230km from Riyadh in the desert. The village’s traditional mud and thatch houses are served by a complex irrigation and well system and surrounded by a defense wall and shady oasis. You can also admire traditional Saudi objects in the new museum.

c Your class is meeting for a weekend activity. In groups look again at the activities in exercise 1b. Agree on one of the activities for your group.

27 Listening and speaking 8 9

0 2

11 3

12 4

13 5

14 6

a Look at the activities again and listen to two people making plans for Thursday. 15 Which 16 17activity do they agree on? 7 8 9

8 0

19 11

20 12

21 13

22 14

6 8

27 19

28 20

29 21

30 22

31 32 33 they can watch horse racing at home. 23 24a) 25

4 6

35 27

36 28

37 29

38 30

39 31

2 4

43 35

44 36

45 37

46 38

47 48 49 they don't like shopping. 39 40a) 41

0 2

51 43

52 44

53 45

54 46

55 47

8 0

59 51

60 52

61 53

24 63 62 54 55

Unit 3 64 56 57

b23 Listen to the conversation again and choose the correct answers. 24 25 15

1 They aren’t going to the races because:

b) one of them doesn’t like racing.

40 32

41 33

2 They aren’t going shopping because:

b) one of them doesn’t have much money.

56 48

57 49

3 They’re not going to the museum because:

a) they can do that every weekend.

b) they don’t know where it is.

4 They can go sightseeing:

a) with the group.

b) by themselves.

Time out Lesson 2 3 Grammar builder: gerunds and infinitives a Look at the table and the sentences after it. Match the sentences with the categories in the table. B Specific wishes

C Suggestions

D Accepting

E Rejecting

I love eating out.

*I’d like to eat out.

Why don’t we eat at Mamma Mia?

Good idea.

*I’d rather not.

I love going to the museum.

*I’d love to go to Ushaiger.

Why don’t we choose this one?

That’s fine with me.

No, I don’t think so.

Note: *I’d = I would

A General likes

1 Well, I don’t really want to do that. 2 I’d prefer to go to the museum. 3 How about going for dinner? 4 I like watching pro basketball. 5 Yes, I’d love to see it. b Look at the examples in the table above and choose the best way to complete the rules. Write another example for each rule. 1 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate + a) simple infinitive b) verb + -ing Example: ___________________________ 2 would like, would love, would prefer, want + a) to + verb b) verb + -ing Example: ___________________________ 3 Why don’t we, Let’s + a) to + verb b) simple infinitive Example: ___________________________

c Complete these sentences with the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses (to + verb, or verb + -ing). 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mark loves _______________ (go) shopping. We all want _______________ (see) the tourist sites. I always enjoy _______________ (go) out with my friends. I like _______________ (go) to the beach on vacation. I’d prefer _______________ (go) to Ushaiger than to the races. Let’s _______________ (go) to that new Italian restaurant.

Language assistant After like, love, and prefer, we often use verb + -ing, but to + verb is also possible. My sister loves cooking / to cook. I hate watching / to watch football.

4 Speaking

In groups, make a plan for going out with a friend, using expressions from the table in exercise 3a. You can use the conversation below as a model. A: Why don’t… B: I don’t like … I’d prefer to play a computer game. C: Me too. I’d like to play Pod. A: OK, who has a copy? C: I have one at … A: … B: …

Unit 3

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Lesson 3â&#x20AC;&#x192; Time out

3 Internet! 1 Speaking a Ask questions to find classmates who like doing these things. 1 Always enjoy surfing the net. Do you always enjoy surfing the net? 2 Would like to surf the net every evening. 3 Like surfing the net once or twice a week. 4 Prefer doing other things. b In groups, compare your results. Are there people who never surf the net? Are there some who do it every day?

2 Word builder: computers a Match the words in the box with the things in the picture. keyboard laptop monitor mouse mouse mat printer screen speaker web cam A keyboard

D H

E D

A B I

b In groups, discuss why you use computers. I use my computer to write e-mails. I also surf the net to help with my school research â&#x20AC;Ś

Unit 3

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Time out Lesson 3 8 Speaking 9 3 and listening

12 4

13 5

14 6

15 7

20 12

21 13

22 14

23 15

24 1 17 25What is John’s plan for this evening? 16

28 20

29 21

30 22

31 23

32 24

36 28

37 29

38 30

39 31

44 36

45 37

46 38

47 39

a Listen to the conversation. What are Imad and John talking about? 16 8

17 9

b Listen again and answer the questions. 2 What does Imad offer to do? (help/bring/write) 33 25

3 What does John offer to do? (provide)

40 32

41 33

48 40

49 41

4 Grammar builder: going to / will / won’t

a Look at these sentences from the conversation in exercise 3. Match the underlined sentences 52 57 44 53 45 54 46 55 47 56 48 and 49 phrases with the uses in the box. 60 52

61 53

62 54

63 55

64 56

A a prediction B a definite plan C an offer

1–A 57

1 Imad: Oh, John. Look at the time! (1) We won’t get this research finished today. 60 61 62 63 64 John: I know. (2) I’m going to work on it at home, this evening. Imad: Not by yourself, John. (3) I’ll help you. John: Will you? That would be great. Imad: Sure. (4) I’ll bring my laptop around to your place and we can spend the evening working on it together. You can surf the net and I’ll write up the report. (5) We’ll finish it in no time! b Complete the sentences with going to, will, or won’t. 1 A: B:

Let’s go to the game on Saturday. Good idea. I _______________ buy the tickets.

2 A: B:

Why did you buy that paint? Because I _______________ paint my bathroom.

3 A: B:

Your mom’s a fantastic cook. Yeah. The dinner at her house tonight _______________ be great!

4 A:

You _______________ like this salad because it has avocados, and you hate avocados.

Language assistant Remember that for very definite plans in the near future, you can also use the present progressive: She’s cooking dinner for her parents on Friday . If you aren’t sure, use going to. It’s always correct for future plans.

c In pairs, read the conversations to check your answers. d Match the uses in the box in exercise 4a with the conversations in exercise 4b.

5 Writing and speaking a In small groups write a conversation including plans for this evening. Try to include going to, will, and won’t. You can use the conversation below as a model.

A: I can’t, I’m afraid. I’m going around to see my parents later. C: You won’t be late. It’s very quick. That’s why it’s called fast food!

A: What are you doing this evening?

A: Maybe…

B: I’m going to buy some food, then I’m going home to eat and maybe read a book.

B: I’ll come with you. Then I won’t need to shop!

C: That doesn’t sound very interesting! I’m going to try that new fast food restaurant on the corner. Why don’t you both come with me?

b Act out your conversation for the class.

Unit 3

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Lesson 4 Time out

4 Lifeline to food management

1 Speaking and reading a In groups, answer these questions. 1 Do you often eat in restaurants? Can you recommend any? 2 Do you often eat fast food? What fast food do you eat (beefburgers, kebabs, fried chicken, pizza, etc.)? b Look at these paragraph headings. Then read the article and write the headings in the appropriate spaces. a) The ingredients of success b) The franchise system c) Big business

FAST FOO D ➤➤➤➤➤➤➤ 1 ____________________________ I n today’s busy world, fast food is very big business. Americans spend more than $100 billion annually on fast food! There are franchises in almost every country in the world. Beef-burgers are still the biggest sellers, but fried chicken and pizza now represent a large part of the industry. 2 ____________________________ hy is fast food so successful? First, because it offers a limited W menu, which means cheaper food and quicker service. Second, fast–food companies have enormous numbers of restaurants, so they are very well-known and easy to find. So, for people in a hurry, fast food offers a quick, cheap eating option. 3 ____________________________ he rapid expansion of the fast-food industry is the result of T the franchise system. A franchise is the exclusive right to sell a company’s products or services in a certain area. The franchiser provides the name, advertising, the product, staff training, and quality control. As an example of the effectiveness of franchising, in the 1980s McDonald’s opened a new restaurant somewhere in the world every 17 hours!

Unit 3

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Time out Lesson 4

c Read the article again and complete these notes. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Annual spending on fast food in the U.S. The most popular fast-food product Advantages of offering a limited menu Advantages of having a large number of restaurants Definition of “franchise” What the franchiser offers the franchisee

$100 billion __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________

d In pairs, discuss what you consider to be traditional Arab food. e In pairs, discuss the effects of fast food on the body. Think about the following aspects:

1 2 3 4

weight health mood/depression addiction to fast food

2 Speaking and writing a Imagine that you are going to start a new fast-food business. Name as many types of food and types of customers as you can. Food: Italian, veggie burgers, … Customers: children, business people, … b In pairs, complete the table with ideas for your fast-food business. Types of food

Types of customer

Location

chicken burgers

c Work in pairs and write a short proposal for your new business. Our business, “Chickburgers”, is going to sell chicken burgers. We are going to have our own chicken farm. We’re going to put Chickburgers near … We think our main customers will be … d Put your proposal on the wall. Vote for the best proposal (not your own!).

Unit 3

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Unit 4 Learning for life

School days

1 Word builder: school a Put a number next to each word according to its category: 1 for “subjects”, 2 for “people”. administrator biology captain chemistry

classmate coach computing geography

history librarian literature math

physics principal student teacher

b In pairs, add more words. Compare your additional words with those of another pair.

2 Speaking a Complete this information about your high school. Your favorite:

Your least favorite:

subject

teacher

classmate

b In groups, discuss the information above. Who is your favorite teacher? Why? What subjects don’t you like? Why?

3 Speaking and reading a Look at the report cards on page 31. Then write the correct name, Adnan or Ali, in the teacher’s comments.

d gths an s stren a h _ _ _ _____ y a nd ______ at abilit e r g 1 _____ s a eeds to eh s, but n sses. H t e c n k je a b e u s w e more science that ar s in t t c s je e b r just inte o su ity, and fort int il f b e a e e r h o t put m ademic . He has rt in ac o for him f f lt e u e ic f dif t he s a m o m a ke or ts! ne e d s t es in sp o d e h work as 2 ___________________ is a good student in general. He makes an effort even in subjects such as the sciences that are difficult for him. English is a possible major for him in college. He did very good work as assistant editor of the school magazine.

Unit 4

Learning for life Lesson 1

TAIBAH HIGH SCHOOL REPORT CARD

STUDENT: ADNAN MOUSA

STUDENT: ALI AL-WAZZAN

SUBJECTS Math

GRADE 70%

History English

50% 45%

Geography raphy

60%

Physics Physics Computer science Comp

80% 75%

French

50%

P.E.

80%

Average:

64%

Date: 6/20/08

COMMENTS Very good work all year Not really interested Didn’t read or study at all a Satisfactory; Sati sfactory; better than last year Excellent llent work! Has ability in this subject Doesn’t Does n’t like the language; lang uage; needs to practice p more Captain of football team; on basketball team Signed: Mr. Aziz

SUBJECTS Math

GRADE 55%

History

65%

English

85%

Geog Geography Physics Phys ics

60% 55%

Computer uter science French P.E.

65% 75% 63%

Average:

65%

Date: 6/20/08

49 Listening, writing, and speaking

13 5

14 6

15 7

16 8

a Listen to a school principal interviewing a man for a teaching job. Is the applicant 17 9 Adnan or Ali?

21 13

22 14

23 15

24 16

29 21

30 22

31 23

32 24

33 Graduated from Taibah High School in (1) ________________ . 25

37 29

38 30

39 31

40 32

41 33 Teaching experience: (3) __________________________________________________

45 37

46 38

47 39

48 40

49 41

53 45

54 46

55 47

56 c49 57 Use the interview notes in exercise 4b to complete the principal’s report on the 48

61 53

62 54

63 55

64 56

COMMENTS Has found math more difficult this year than last year, but works hard Did good work this year Has exceptional ability abil ity in this area Satisfactory sfactory Trying ng hard and improving Good work Better and better! Bett Substitute on the softball team

Signed: Mr. Aziz

b Listen again and complete the principal’s notes. 25 17

Majored in (2) _____________________ at Qassim University.

Interests: (4) ___________________________________________________________

applicant. In groups, compare your information. Is he a good applicant or not?

Report on interview with (1)___________________. The applicant interviewed for a job as (2)__________. He has a degree in (3)__________ from (4)__________. His work experience is (5)__________. He is interested in (6)__________. I think (7)__________.

Unit 4

Lesson 2 Learning for life

2 Choices 1 Speaking and listening a Here are some things people do after graduation from high school. In groups, talk about what you did or are going to do after high school. 1 do volunteer work 2 go to college 3 start work

4 travel 5 take a vocational training course

2 Reading

a ali’s teacher gave him two college brochures. Read them and complete ali’s summary table.

b Listen to some high school students talking about their plans with their teacher. In groups, discuss what you think Bassam, Ali, Neil, and Chuck will probably do. I think Bassam will … He…

Year founded Number Fees of students per year

MIT KAUST

b Ali’s teacher also left him a note. Which college is he recommending? What might Ali need to do to go to the recommended college?

Ali,

ent to KAUST res will help. I w hu oc br e es th better I hope MIT is probably l. ra ut ne be to is colder but I’ll try study. Boston e at du ra rg de for you for un r staying home a so it’s good fo bi ra A di au S than ore expensive tunately, it’s m or nf U ! ng yi ud may need and st Arabia and you di au S in ng yi study for than stud If you decide to p. hi rs la ho sc u to try for a is better for yo D, then KAUST Ph or gy rs lo te no as ch aM e and te ializes in scienc because it spec numbers of nerous with its and is more ge to study! ’s a great place scholarships. It Mr. Al-Salah

Unit 4

Massac h of Tech usetts Institu te nology (MIT) w founde d in 18 as 61. It is of seve on ra educat l highly prest e ional a igious nd institut ions in research the Bos a re a . M to IT studen has about 10 n ts and ,000 mo 900 fac ulty me re than mbers. Tuition fe about $ es vary, but a re 2 Schola 5,000 a year. rships a re avail and … able,

The King Abdullah University for Science and Technology (KAUST) was founded in 2009. It is an international, globally renowned, graduate-level university dedicated to inspiring a new age of scientific achievement. It offers programs taught in English in maths, engineering, and the three sciences. KAUST welcomes applications from both men and women. It has 650–700 students. Scholarships are available for $20–$30,000, plus free housing and health care.

Learning for life Lesson 2 3 Grammar builder: comparatives

Language assistant

a Continue underlining the adjectives in the sentences. Then answer the questions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 With two-syllable adjectives ending in -y after a consonant, change -y to -i and add er: pretty – prettier happy – happier

Boston is colder than Saudi Arabia. MIT is more expensive than studying in Saudi Arabia. MIT is bigger than KAUST. Harvard is more famous than MIT or KAUST. KAUST is better than MIT for PhD students. KAUST is more generous than MIT with scholarships.

a) Which sentences are like sentence 1 and which are like sentence 2? b) How do one-syllable adjectives form the comparative? c) How do longer adjectives usually form the comparative?

b Complete these sentences with comparative forms using the adjective in parentheses. 1 2 3 4 5 6

2 With one-syllable adjectives with one vowel and one final consonant, double the consonant: big – bigger thin – thinner 3 There are some irregular adjectives: good – better bad – worse

Boston is ________________ (cold) than Saudi Arabia. Riyadh is ________________ (modern) than Boston. The climate in Boston is ________________ (extreme) than in Jeddah. KAUST is ________________ (small) than MIT. Ali is ________________ (intelligent) than his classmates. Simon is ________________ (young) than his brother Paul.

4 Speaking and writing a Which photographs are of Canada and which are of Jamaica? What do you know about these two countries?

b Now compare Canada and Jamaica. Use adjectives from the box below and your own ideas. Canada is more industrialized than Jamaica. Jamaica is a poorer country than Canada. big

modern

cheap

poor

cold

small

warm

developed

cosmopolitan

expensive

pretty

industrialized

c Would you prefer to learn English in Canada or Jamaica? Write reasons for your choice. In groups, read and discuss your reasons and choices.

Unit 4

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Lesson 3 Learning for life

3 Learning culture 2 10

1 Listening 11 12 13 14

a Paul Smith works for a university. Listen to 18 19 his 20 five 21 telephone 22 23 24 25 messages and say if they are personal or professional. 26 2

27 1 28professional 29 30 31 3 4 5 6 7

Meeting with MS – change to 3:00.

B Jim – order tuna-fish sandwich and mineral water for lunch. C Adam Martin – appointment Thursday. Wants to change major. Will call later.

32 4 33 8 9

2 5 34 35 336 37 38 39 40 41 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 b Listen to the telephone messages again and 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 18 19 match 20 21them 22 with 23 Paul’s 24 25notes. 50 26

51 27

52 28

53 29

54 30

55 31

56 32

57 33

58 34

59 35

60 36

61 37

62 38

63 39

64 40

D E

Alan. Lunch today – meet at Italian Garden, 1:00.

Carlos Garcia. Problem with students. Call at 301-417-7564.

Language assistant

2 Grammar builder: requests

43 Read 44 45 46 47 48 49and classify the underlined sentences a the conversations as requests for permission (P) or requests for actions / favors (A).

51 1 52A: 53 Oh, 54 I forgot 55 56to 57 go to the bank! Can you lend me $5?

B: 60

Sure.

62 63 64 2 A: Could I hand in my assignment on Monday, please? B: OK, but no later than Monday.

3 A: B:

Excuse me. May I use your pen, please? Of course. Here you are.

4 A: B:

Will you lend me your dictionary for a moment? Sure.

5 A: B:

Would you help me with my suitcase, please? Certainly, sir.

6 A: B:

Excuse me. Do you mind if I sit at your table? Please do. I hate eating alone.

b Complete the first and third columns of the table with expressions from the requests in exercise 2a.

Requesting permission

Requesting permission or action

Can I / you …?

1 All these expressions are polite, especially with an appropriate tone of voice and smile, and possibly Excuse me … or …, please. 2

Can I …? is much more common today than May I …? (the traditional ”correct” polite form) in requests for permission.

3 C an / Could …? are more flexible than the other expressions – they can indicate requests for both permission and for action. So, when uncertain, use Can / Could I …? for permission and Can / Could you …? for action. Requesting action

Could I / you …?

c Make a note of things you can request from different classmates and your teacher. Then stand up, go to different people, and request permission or a favor / action. Use Can / Could …?, but also other expressions. A: Could you give me a ride home after class?

A: Do you mind if I sit next to you next class?

B: Sure. You live near the park, right? B: Well, l … uh … you know Jack, the big man I usually sit with? Well, he’s my brother.

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Learning for life Lesson 3 2

18 2

19 3

20 21 22 23 24 25 4 1 5Could 6 I come 7 8 and9 see you on Thursday?

42 26

43 27

44 Reading 45 46 47 and 48 49 4 speaking 28 29 30 31 32 33

50 34

51 35

a Read this e-mail from Jamie to Larry and answer 52 53 54 55 56 57 questions. 36 these 37 38 39 40 41

58 42

59 43

60 1 61Where 62 are 63 Larry 64 and Jamie right now? 44 45 46 47 48 49

know Amman? 52 3 53Why 54does 55 Jamie 56 57

3 12 Pronunciation: 13 14 15 16 17 intonation and linking a Listen to these sentences. Is the intonation rising or falling?

4 Could you call me right away? 2 Do you mind if we meet at 3 o’clock? 5 Can you order me a sandwich? 26 27 28 3 29Can30I meet 31 32 at 33 6 Would you like a drink? 10 11 12 13 14 15 you 16 17the restaurant? again. do the underlined words sound? Practice saying the sentences. 34 35 b 36 Listen 37 38 39 How 40 41 21

2 What is Larry’s job?

4 What will help Larry in Amman? 58

60 5 61Does 62 Jamie 63 64 advise Larry to stay in Amman

during his visit to Jordan?

b In pairs, compare and discuss your answers.

c Imagine that you have the opportunity to study or work in a country with a language and culture different from your own; you can choose the country. In groups, say which country you are going to choose, and why. Will it be easy or difficult for you to adapt to the new culture? A: I’m going to choose England. I’m learning to speak English, so the language won’t be a big problem. I know there are cultural differences, but I think I’ll adjust. B: What about studying on Fridays? A: Yes, there will be difficulties, …

Hi Larry, So the bank’s sending you to Amman – fantastic! You’ll love it. I had a great time there last year. And Kuwait’s not that far away, so perhaps we can meet up? Of course, you’ll find Jordan very different from the States. But don’t worry – you already speak some Arabic, so the language won’t be too much of a problem. Anyway, a lot of Jordanians speak English and they’re very friendly, helpful people. The local food’s amazing – you must try Mansaf. It’s made of lamb and it’s so tasty! And if you miss the New York eating scene, well, there are lots and lots of international restaurants. Then there’s so much to see and do. Petra, Jerash, Aqaba, The Dead Sea… and much more. E-mail me when you arrive and we can get together. I can show you around. All the best, Jamie P.S. Take some light clothes – it gets very hot in the summer!

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Lesson 4 Learning for life

4 Lifeline to career planning

1 Reading and speaking a Discuss these questions. 1 2

Where do you go to school and what subjects do you study? Why did you choose your area of study and what job do you want in the future?

b In the article, there is information about specific career areas in the U.S. Which of the careers in the box below do you think are growing the fastest? law computing and data processing

management and public relations education

home health care

automotive services

construction and architecture

sanitation services catering

c Read the article and check your answers. d Read the article again and complete the sentences. 1 2 3 4

When you look at career options, you should consider ___________. Careers like law or business can give you a ____________. For a career in management, you probably need a degree in ___________. Some careers don’t require a college degree. They require ___________.

CAREER PLANNING How does a person decide what course of study to take in college and what career to choose afterward? It’s a difficult decision, but you should consider factors that are important to you personally and then find out as much as possible about different career areas. If a high salary is more important to you than personal satisfaction, you might want to consider a career in law or business. If you are more interested in personal satisfaction, perhaps a career in teaching or the arts is best for you. It is useful to find out which career areas are growing in your area. For example, in the U.S., computing and data processing are growing faster than any other activity. Other areas of fast growth are home health care, automotive services, sanitation services, management and public relations, freight transportation, and personnel services. Relevant college degrees for these areas are computer science, medicine, and business administration. But not every career requires a college degree. People who work in home health services, sanitation, or transportation, for example, need technical training. Finally, experts say you will probably change jobs at least three times in your life, so be open to change!

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Learning for life Lesson 4

SH2U7L4_b: photo of musician

2 Word builder: careers a First, make sure that you know the meanings of the words in the box. Then write the occupations in the correct columns in the table.

engineer designer veterinarian social worker

accountant animal trainer salesperson landscaper

doctor artist counselor scientist

Science / Technology

The arts

Business / Industry

Human services

Agriculture / Nature

engineer

designer

accountant

social worker

farmer

b Try to add at least one more job to each category. Which career area is most interesting to you? Why? Use ideas from exercise 1 to help.

3 Speaking a Read the conversations. Do the numbered sentences express a) agreement, b) disagreement, or c) a reason? 1 agreement A: I think people should do jobs they like. B: (1) I agree. (2) It’s very important to enjoy your job.

manager business owner farmer lab technician

computer specialist lawyer writer teacher

A: I don’t think money is very important. B: (3) I don’t agree. (4) You have to support your family. A: You need to have a college degree to get a good job. B: (5) You’re right. C: (6) Not necessarily. For some jobs you only need technical training. b In groups, discuss these statements. 1 2 3

I think people should do jobs they like. I don’t think money is very important. You need to have a college degree to get a good job.

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Unit 5 On the move

Getting around A

1 Reading a Read the article below quickly and look at the photographs. Then match the people with their inventions.

C 1 The Wright brothers

2 Benz

3 Al-Jazari

4 Stephenson

b Read the article again and check your answers.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF INVENTIONS In 1206, Al-Jazari, a Muslim inventor and engineer, invented an elephant clock which was notable for several innovations. It was the first water clock to accurately record the passing of temporal hours to match the uneven length of days throughout the year. In 1829, the first passenger train, built by George Stephenson, started to operate in England. Passengers sat in open carriages, so it was noisy, cold, and dirty! The first powered airplane flight was in 1903 in a plane constructed by the Wright brothers.

Unit 5

However, this flight was not officially documented, and a Brazilian, Santos Dumont, received credit for the first documented flight. His flight was in France in 1906. These early planes were, of course, relatively slow and limited in range. Carl Benz built the first gasoline-powered automobiles in Germany in 1886, but they were unreliable and often had mechanical problems. In Britain in 1903, automobiles reached a top speed of 32 km per hour!

On the move Lesson 1 c Read the article again and complete this table. Type of invention

Name of inventor(s)

early advantages or disadvantages

elephant clock

2 3

unreliable

Wright brothers

2 Speaking and listening a Work in pairs. First, make sure that you understand these statements. Decide which of the statements you associate with the forms of transportation in the box. 1 It’s expensive.

5 2 6The7food 8 isn’t 9 good.

35 27

36 28

37 38 39 40 41 29 Bus: 30 ______________ 31 3,32 6 33

43 35

44 36

5 6 7 8

3 It’s uncomfortable. 4 10 11 12 13 14There 15 are 16 often 17 delays. 18 10 26 18 34 26 42 34

There’s sometimes overbooking. It’s tiring. There aren’t enough destinations. It’s too slow.

bus

train

plane

car

b Listen to a travel journalist reporting from Chicago’s O’Hare airport 22forms 23 24 25 19 20 21 on of transportation. Which is his favorite? 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 c Listen again. In his opinion, what are the problems with each form 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 23 24 25 Write the numbers from the list in exercise 2a. 19 20 21 of22transportation? Do you agree with him? 45 Car: 46 ______________ 47 48 49 37 Plane: 38 39 40 41 ______________ Train: _____________ 54 46

50 42

51 43

52 44

53 45

58 50

59 51

60 52

61 62 63 64 and writing 3 53 Speaking 54 55 56 57

a In pairs, talk about travel in Saudi Arabia. 61 Write 62 63 64 report answering these questions. a short 1 2 3

55 47

56 48

57 49

What are the most common forms of transportation? What is good and bad about each? What form of transportation do you prefer? Why? In Saudi Arabia, the most common forms of transportation are ... There are advantages and disadvantages to all these forms of transportation. For example, ... In our opinion, the best form of transportation is ... because ...

b Read your report to another pair. Compare your report with theirs. Do you agree with their opinions?

Unit 5

Lesson 2 On the move

2 Getting away from it all 1 Speaking and listening 2

a Look at the photograph and answer these questions. 6

1 Why are the people in the picture using the Internet? 2 the relationship between the two people? 10 11 12 13 14 15What 16 is17 b Listen to the conversation and check your answers. 22

c Read the table. What kinds of information does it give?

NO. OF ROOMS 54 55 56 57 COST OF SINGLE ROOM PER NIGHT 62 63 64 FACILITIES

Hotel Al Hasan

Al Johar Business Hotel

Palace Hotel

(1) ________

200

(3)___________

(2) __________

460 SAR

(4) ____________

health club, indoor pool, outdoor pool, spa, tennis courts, business complex

gym, indoor pool, free wi fi

fitness centre, pool, free parking, free wi fi

in Olaya district, next to Al Faisaliyah Mall and Kingdom Center, close to King Abdul Aziz Library

near Exhibition center, 30 mins from the airport

40 minutes from airport

ATTRACTIONS IN THE AREA 6 7 8 9

2 30 Grammar 31 32 33 builder: superlatives

a In pairs, look at these examples and discuss the structure of the superlatives. 38 Then 39 40 41the adjectives from the box below in the correct columns in the table. write

62 63 64 friendly

d Now listen to the conversation again and complete the table. 22

It’s the biggest hotel, and it has the nicest rooms. 47 48 49 The Al Khozama is the most expensive hotel. The Al Khozama is pretty; in fact, it’s the prettiest hotel. 55

dirty

famous cold

small hot

historical important

old wonderful

cheap happy

comfortable clean

One-syllable adjectives

Multi-syllable adjectives

Adjectives ending in -y

the smallest

the most comfortable

the dirtiest

attractive heavy

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On the move Lesson 2 b In pairs, complete these questions with superlatives. Write different versions if you can. What are ____ two __________ animals in the world? What are the two largest animals? What are the two most intelligent animals? 1 2 3 4

c Change partners. Ask your new partner your questions and answer his / her questions. Discuss your answers. A: What are the two most beautiful cities in Europe? B: They’re Paris and Rome.

What is ____________ country in the Middle East? What are ________ two ______________ cities in Europe? Who is ______________ football player in the world right now? Who are ___________ people in the world in your opinion?

A: I don’t agree. I think Venice is more beautiful than Paris and Rome. In fact, I think it’s the most beautiful city in the world.

Language assistant In English, the comparative and superlative forms have similarities and differences:

one-syllable adjectives

multi-syllable adjectives

Comparative (of two) Superlative (of all)

X is older (than Y). Z is the oldest (of all).

X is more expensive (than Y). Z is the most expensive (of all).

Adjectives ending in consonant + -y and consonant + vowel + consonant: happy – happier – happiest (change -y to -i and add the ending) big – bigger – biggest (double the consonant and add the ending) Irregular adjectives:

good – better – the best

bad – worse – the worst

3 Reading and speaking a Look at these titles and read the tourist brochure quickly. Choose the best title. a) A short history of Turkey b) A quick guide to vacations in Turkey c) A guide to Turkish architecture b Read the tourist brochure again. Which place would you prefer to go to? Why?

4 Writing and speaking a In pairs, write tourist information about two places in Saudi Arabia. b Put the paragraphs on the wall. Read them. Based on the information given, which place would you like to visit and why?

Bursa

Istanbul The only city in the world that lies in two continents – Europe and Asia. One of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world, and one of the most historic. World famous for its mosques and minarets – and don’t miss the incredible Blue Mosque.

Sometimes known as ‘Green Bursa’ because of its parks and gardens. It contains some of the most interesting architecture in Turkey. Bursa is ideal for the person who likes to explore on foot. And try the local Iskander kebab. The locals say that it is the tastiest kebab in the country!

Izmir

A busy, modern city situated on the Aegean Sea, Izmir is full of life. Experience the excitement of shopping in the traditional markets. Tired of the city? Nearby is Cesme, famous for its clear water and some of the best beaches in Turkey.

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Lesson 3 On the move

3 Getting there

115 Reading, listening, and writing 10 11 16 17

a Read and listen to the conversation. Where are b Listen to the conversation again and 24 25 it. 18 they 19 20 21 22 23 complete 24 two 25 people coming from? Where are 20 21 22 23 the going? What was the purpose of their trips? c Read and complete Fayez’s customs declaration. 26 pen? 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 28 29 30 31 Mark: 32 33 Excuse me. Could I borrow your Use the information in the conversation to Fayez: Sure. (1) ________________________ help you. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 36 37 38 39 Mark: 40 41 I always lose my pens. Fayez: I do, too. You know, I (2) ___________ all 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 44 45 46 47 48 49 these forms. Mark: I don’t either, and I’m (3) _____________ ! 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 52 53 54 55 56 57 Where are you from? Fayez: (4) ________ ____ , but I live in (5) ___________ ____ Customs Declaration first 59 time60 61 62 63 64 60 61 62 63 64 now. I just went home for the 58 Admission Number 077097360 07 I–94 to see my parents. Mark: That’s nice. I live in (6) _______________ . Welcome to the United Kingdom Mark Hunt. Hi. ARRIVAL RECORD Fayez: Nice to meet you. I’m Fayez Katoumi. 1. Family (Last) Name (1) Mark: I really liked Egypt, Fayez. It was my first visit, a business trip. Well, let’s finish 2. First (Given) Name(s) (2) these forms. 3. Middle Initial(s) (3) Fayez: Yes, we’ll be in London in (7) ___________ . OK – date of birth. That’s 4. Birth Date (4) month, day, year, right? 5. Airline Flight AA 564 Mark: Yes, we’re the only people in the world that don’t do (8) ___________ . 6. Number of Family Members traveling with you: Fayez: Right. So that’s oh-four, twenty-four, (5) seventy-nine. Or should the year be 7. (a) Country of Citizenship (6) nineteen seventy-nine?

U.K. Customs and Border Protection

7. (b) Country of Residence (7) 8. (a) U.K. Address (Street) 56 Acacia Boulevard 8. (b) U.K. Address (City)

London

9. Countries visited on this trip prior to U.K. arrival: (8) 10. The purpose of my (our) trip is or was: (9) Business Personal

Unit 5

On the move Lesson 3 2 Grammar builder: auxiliary verb + too / either a Look at these examples of too and either, and answer the questions below. A: I always lose my pens. A: I don’t understand this form. A: I spent a week in Dubai. A: I can sleep on planes and buses. A: I’m not feeling tired. 1 2 3 4 5

B: I do, too. B: I don’t either. B: I did, too. B: I can, too. B: I’m not either.

Do too and either indicate B is like A, or different from A? Which is used in affirmative sentences, and which in negative sentences? When do we use verbs like am / am not, can / can’t before too or either? When do we use do / don’t before too or either? When do we use did / didn’t before too or either?

b Read these sentences and write responses to show you are the same as the speaker. I’m not hungry. I’m not either. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8

I can’t ride a motorcycle. I think traveling by bus is very tiring. I don’t like the food they serve on planes. I went to the coast by bus last week. I hate driving at night. I’m going to Europe next year.

20 5

21 6

22 7

23 8

28 13

29 14

30 15

31 32 33 16 b 17 Listen to the sentences. Respond to show you are the same.

36 21

37 22

38 23

39 24

44 29

45 30

46 31

47 48 49 32 a 33 Write four sentences about yourself, two affirmative and two negative.

52 37

53 38

54 39

55 40

56 57 41 work / study, your usual form of transportation, your hobbies /abilities,

60 45

61 46

62 47

63 48

64 49 I like playing computer games.

3 sentence stress 16 Pronunciation: 17 a Listen and notice the stress in these examples. Practice the sentences.

24 25 9 I can, too.

I don’t either.

40 25

4 Writing and speaking

Here are some possible topics: your family, where you live, your

your likes /dislikes.

Language assistant

I can’t drive.

b In groups, talk about the sentences. A: I like playing computer games. A: I can’t drive. B: I do, too.

B: I can’t either.

C: Really? I don’t.

C: Really? I can.

Notice the indication of difference by speaker C: I don’t / can’t / etc. when the original statement is affirmative: A:

I like playing computer games.

Really? I don’t.

I do / can / etc. when the original statement is negative: A:

I can’t drive.

Really? I can.

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Lesson 4â&#x20AC;&#x192; On the move

4 Lifeline to exploration

1 Speaking a In pairs, match the explorers with the areas of exploration. 1 2 3 4 5

Marco Polo Neil Armstrong Ibn Battuta Christopher Columbus Ahmad Bin Majid

a) all over Asia and Africa b) America c) China d) The Indian Ocean e) The Moon

b What else do you know about these explorers? Which (modern) countries did they come from? Morocco Italy Italy The U.A.E. The U.S.A.

2 Reading and listening

a Read and complete this quiz about Ibn Battuta. b Compare your answers with a partnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. c Listen to the interview about Ibn Battuta. Check your answers to the quiz. Who had more correct answers, you or your partner?

1 2 3 4 5

When did Ibn Battuta live? a) 12th Century b) 13th Century c) 14th Century

Where did he die? a) Morocco

Where did he go on his first journey? a) Spain b) Makkah

The Sultan of Delhi made him his ambassador to: a) Turkey b) Afghanistan c) China

How far did Ibn Battuta travel in his life? a) about 50,000 km b) about 90,000 km c) about 125,000 km

b) Egypt

c) Tunisia c) Mali

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On the move Lesson 4 3 Reading a) Read the article about the Vikings. b) Choose a suitable title for each of the paragraphs 2 – 5. A How we think of them today.

Brave explorers.

B First contacts with the Islamic world. D More contacts with the Islamic world.

The Vikings 1 _____________________ Who were they? Between the 9th and the 11th Century a nation of sea-going soldiers explored a large part of the known world. These were the Vikings, people from the modern countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (Scandinavia). They were the greatest and most adventurous explorers of their time. 2 _____________________ The Vikings thought that the earth was flat, and that it had an edge. They were scared that if they sailed their longboats too far, they would go over the edge and die. Yet these brave people sailed as far as Greenland and, probably in the year 1,000, their leader, Leif Eriksson, discovered North America 500 years before Christopher Columbus. 3 ____________________ At one time Vikings ruled a large area of Britain and other parts of Europe. They went south and east into Russia and on into the lands of the Ottoman Empire. They provided soldiers for the rulers of Istanbul. They sailed into the Mediterranean and landed in North Africa and Palestine. 4 ____________________ It is probable that they reached Baghdad since archaeologists found Viking coins there. Certainly, in 921, the Caliph of Baghdad sent Ibn Fadlan as his ambassador to Vikings living in Russia.

5 ____________________ The Vikings have a bad historical reputation. Yes, we know they were a cruel, war-like people. But they had a developed culture – and they lived in cruel, war-like times.

Greenland

Iceland

Norway

Sweden

Denmark Russia

Ireland Newfoundland

France

4 Reading, writing, and speaking a In groups, discuss these questions. 1 What explorers are associated with Saudi Arabia or the Middle East? 2 What did the explorers do? b Look at this paragraph about Christopher Columbus. Rewrite the paragraph to focus on another explorer by changing the underlined information. Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer in the 15th century. In 1492, he began his most famous journey from Spain. He traveled by ship. During his journey, he discovered America. He claimed the New World for Spain. I think the problems on his journey were probably fatigue, bad food, uncomfortable conditions, and bad weather. c Tell your group or the class about your explorer.

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Unit 6 Healthy living

Laughter is the best medicine

1 Speaking and listening a In pairs, read the list and choose four things that you think affect health the most. Then compare your list with that of another pair. 1 character 2 diet 3 job 4 exercise 5 4family 5 environment 6 7 8 9 6 family medical history 7 12hours 13 of14sleep 15 16 17 8 relaxation and fun 4habits: 5 6 7 8 9 9 20 etc. 25 21 smoking, 22 23 24

2 18

3 19

10 26

b to a14doctor’s on health. Which 11 Listen 12 13 15 16opinions 17 27 things 28 29does 30 he31consider 32 33most important? Is his list the same as yours?

Don’t

19 35

20 36

21 37

22 38

23 39

24 40

25 41

1 have a good diet – a lot of fruit and vegetables

34 50

35 Reading 36 37 38 39 40 41 2 speaking 51 52 53 54 and 55 56 57

42 58

a43 Read the article. are the two main reasons 44 45 46 47 What 48 49 59 young 60 61people 62 63 64 in America are not very healthy?

3 go to bed late too often

18 34

c Listen again. Then complete this table with 26 27 the 28 doctor’s 29 30 recommendations. 31 32 33

An unhealthy lifestyle 60

Your lifestyle can influence your health. Young Americans today are less healthy than their parents and grandparents because of their lifestyle. Research shows that 15 to 20 percent of American young people are overweight these days. There are two main reasons for this. First, junk food and unhealthy fast food are everywhere. A lot of people are working, and they have to solve the problem of meals for their families. Fast food is an easy solution! Also, the

Unit 6

fast–food industry spends 1,000 times more on marketing and advertising in Europe and the U.S. than the total amount spent by all agencies on promoting health in the two regions! Second, computers and television keep children sedentary for longer periods than ever before. And more and more fathers take their children to school by car. This means the children don’t get the healthy exercise of walking or riding their bicycles.

Healthy living Lesson 1 b In groups, look at these statements and say if they are true for Saudi Arabia. 1 2 3 4

People eat a lot of fast food and junk food. People don’t get enough exercise. Life is more stressful than in the past. Many people have to work very long hours.

c Are there any other common unhealthy lifestyle habits in Saudi Arabia? People don’t sleep enough.

3 Reading and speaking a Read this fitness quiz and answer the questions. How in shape are you?

MEASURE YOUR FITNESS 1

How much do you exercise? a) once a week b) 2–3 times a week c) every day

2 How often do you eat fresh fruit and vegetables? a) 1–2 times a week b) 3–4 times a week c) every day

3 How many cups of coffee or soda do you drink per day? a) 4 or more b) 2–3 c) 0–1

4 How many hours do you sleep at night? a) 5 or fewer b) about 6 c) 7–9

5 How often do you eat cookies and chocolate? a) every day b) 3–4 times a week c) 0–2 times a week

6 How much TV do you watch per week? a) 28 hours or more b) 14–20 hours c) 10 hours or less a = 0 points b = 1 point c = 2 points 10–12: Congratulations! You’re in excellent shape! 6–9: Not too bad, but do more exercise and watch your diet. 0–5: Oh dear! You’re out of shape! You need to eat better and exercise more! Now!

b Compare your score with another student’s. Who has a healthier lifestyle? Why?

Unit 6

Lesson 2 Healthy living

2 Your favorite team 1 Word builder: sports and exercise a Write the words in the box in the correct column. Can you think of another word for each column? jogging horse riding karate athletics

b Complete the sentences with a verb from the box.

baseball basketball aerobics tae-kwon-do exercises tennis football riding a bicycle

play

1 We use ______ when we think of the sport as an activity, like swimming. 2 We use ______ for exercise in general, and for martial arts, like karate. 3 We use ______ for games, like volleyball.

play

c In pairs, discuss these questions.

1 Which sports do you like watching? 2 Which ones do you like doing?

2 Grammar builder: possessive pronouns a Look at the rule and the examples. Then complete the cartoon using possessive pronouns. Use possessive pronouns to avoid repetition. That car is my car. = That car is mine. Those shoes are Linda’s shoes. = Those shoes are hers. These shirts are the boys’ shirts. = These shirts are theirs.

No, it isn’t (2 )___________. It’s (3) _________.

mine his hers

ours yours theirs

Is this baseball (1) ___________? No, it’s (5) _________.

It isn’t (6) _________.

No, it isn’t. It’s (4) _________.

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Healthy living

Lesson 2

b Play the possessions game. 1 2

Each student puts one of his / her possessions on the teacher’s desk. Pick up one of the things on the desk and point to the student you think is the owner. If you guess correctly, you get a point and you choose another object. A: It’s yours. B: Yes, it’s mine. (One point) A: This is his.

5C: No, 6 it 7 isn’t 8mine.9 (No points. Sit down.)

2 18

3 19

4 5 6 7 8 9 3 20 Listening 21 22 23 and 24 25reading

10 26

11 27

a Listen to a conversation and answer these 12 13 14 15 16 17 28 questions. 29 30 31 32 33

18 34

19 35

20 1 21Where 22 are 23 they? 2 24 25 What is Manchester United? 36 37 38 39 40 41

26 42

27 43

34 50

35 51

__________________________ 36 Colors 37 38(1)39 40 41 52 53 54 55 56 57

42 58

43 59

44 45 46 47 48 49 (3) _________________ 60 Year 61 of 62first 63championship 64

b Listen again and complete the information. 28 29 30 31 32 33 44 Manchester 45 46 47 United 48 49– vital statistics

Year founded (2) __________________________

Capacity of stadium (4) _______________________ 53 54 55 56 57

Where they get the money: sports products, (5) 58 59 60 61________, 62 63 (6) 64 __________, and a TV company. c Now read this article and check your answers.

? A game or a business gland) was founded in 1878 and won its

ter, En nds Football Club (Manches in the world, and thousa Manchester United the best football teams of one is of it , ty aci day To cap a 7. h 0, wit first championship in 190 Trafford, was built in 191 . The home stadium, Old it is soon going to expand but , 000 68, of fans go to its games. of ty aci cap a has m ose diu (wh sta m the tea t, e rld. Th 50,000 people. At presen football teams in the wo is also one of the richest lion more than Spain’s mil 48 – r yea Manchester United per lars receive 176 million dol colors are red and white) r United was a d! Real Madri til May, 2005, Mancheste money come from? Un ch a store that sells sports mu has so s m doe tea e ere Th . Wh buy res that people could sha h wit , any fé), and a TV mp Ca Co d Re Public Limited rants (all called the ns a hotel, several restau e of the game – but nam the is ity ers div products, and it also ow uld probably say that wo ors ect dir m’s tea e company. Th ther big business? is it a game, or just ano

4 Speaking In groups, discuss these questions. 1 2 3 4

What are the most important sports in Saudi Arabia? Who are your favorite teams and players? Are the sports big business? If so, where do they get their money? In your opinion, how could the teams make more money?

Unit 6

Lesson 3 Healthy living

3 Organizing your life 4

1 reading 21 Listening 22 23 24 and 25

Thanks 37 Rayyan: 38 39 40 41 a lot, Uncle. But you’re right. I’m really tired. I

Like 49 what? 45 Ibrahim: 46 47 48

Listen and read this conversation. Answer the questions below. 30

Ibrahim: What’s the matter, Rayyan? You don’t look too good. just have too much to do.

Rayyan: W ell, last week I had to prepare for my math exam. 54 55 56 This 57 week I have to finish my history project, so I have to work late every evening. And now I can’t sleep, so I 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 need to go to the doctor. But I just don’t have time! 50

Ibrahim: Aren’t you getting any time to relax at all? I mean, to do something you like doing? Rayyan: U h, not really. I usually find time to play ball with my friends some evenings, but I won’t have time this week. Or next week … Ibrahim: You know, Rayyan, I think it’s really great that you’re taking your school work so seriously, but you need to relax some time. When you’re too tired you can’t do your work properly. Try to take a little time out each day. Then you'll feel better – and you'll work better too. We don’t want you to be ill. Rayyan: Thanks, Uncle. I’ll try … . 1 What is Rayyan’s problem? 2 Why does he have this problem? 3 What advice does his Uncle give him?

2 Grammar builder: have to, need to, want to

a) is necessary, but not an absolute obligation. You’ll do it if possible. Something you have to do … b) is something you can do if you want to, Something you need to do … but it isn’t necessary. Something you want to do … c) is an obligation; there is no option not to do it. Something you don’t have to or don’t need to do … d) is something you wouldn’t like to do. Something you don’t want to do … e) is something you would like to do.

a Match the phrases with their definitions. 1 2 3 4 5

b Complete the e-mail with correct forms of want to, need to, have to. One answer is negative.

Hi Nabil, How are you doing? I’m OK, except that I (1) ________________ go to the dentist this afternoon, and I hate going to the dentist! You asked how my brother's doing. Well, Rashed's having a difficult time right now. Last week, he (2) ________________ sell his car to pay his college tuition. And he (3) ________________ buy some books for his studies last month, but he didn’t have enough money. He (4) ________________ go on vacation this summer, but he (5) ________________ save money, so he probably won’t go. I think Rashed (6) ________________ look for a part-time job so he can have some extra money. He (7) ________________ graduate as soon as possible, so he (8) ________________ work but I think it’s going to be necessary. OK, that’s it for now. E-mail me!

Unit 6

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Healthy living Lesson 3 3 Word builder: being organized a Read the phrases in the table below. Make sure that you understand them. 1 Make lists of things you have to do. 2 Plan your study schedule. 3 F inish your homework early so that you have time to relax. 4 K eep your room tidy so that you know where everything is. 5 Pack your school bag the night before. 6 Plan your weekend activities in advance. 7 Prepare well for exams. 8 G et up early on school days so you don’t have to rush. b Put a check (✓) in the box next to the things you do. The more checks you have, the more organized you are. c Compare your answers with other students. Are you more or less organized than they are?

4 Pronunciation 14 15 16 17

a Write the words in the box in the correct column to their sounds. 22 according 23 24 25

37 38 list 39

b Listen, check, and practice the words. 30

40 give 41

week

she

sit need it me

/ɪ/

/i/

list

need

46 things 47 48 sleep 49 54

5 Writing and speaking 63 64 a62 Write a list of things you have to do, need to do, and want to do this week.

I have to do my English homework this evening. I need to buy some new running shoes. I want to have a picnic with my friends on the weekend. b In pairs, read out the end of your sentences The other student guesses whether you have to, need to or want to do it. A: do my English homework this evening. B: You need to? A: No. Try again! B: You have to? A: Yes!

Unit 6

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Lesson 4â&#x20AC;&#x192; Healthy living

4 Lifeline to recreation 1 Speaking and reading a Work in groups. Discuss the following questions. 1 Approximately how many hours per week do you study? 2 Do you usually study on weekends? 3 Approximately how many weeks of vacation do you have per year? b Read the article. What is the main idea in the article â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1, 2, or 3? 1 Most people like to play sports in their free time. 2 Free time is an important part of modern life. 3 Modern conveniences like computers and cars are essential.

y n modern society, people have man y Man k. activities apart from their wor time people today feel that they need free . lives r thei and that it is an essential part of g or do They play sports, read, go shoppin travel also the gardening etc. Many people ns. to interesting places on their vacatio tury, But at the beginning of the 20th cen recreational activities weren't so e common because life was much mor tric elec no difficult. Imagine life with s! All lights, computers, cars, or airplane e mak ns ntio of these 20th-century inve y. As our lives and our work easier toda rests inte for a result, we have extra time and hobbies. k and Here are some statistics about wor 0 free time in the United States in 190 and in 2009.

Unit 6

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1900

2009

Average hours of work

10 hours per day (60 hours per week)

7.5 hours per day (37.5 hours per week)

Average pay

$4 per hour ($960 per month)

$15 per hour

Average vacation time

none

3 weeks per year.

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Healthy living Lesson 4 c Think of working members of your family. In groups, discuss how many hours they work, how much vacation time they have, and what they like doing in their free time.

3 18

4 19

5 20

6 21

7 22

11 26

12 27

13 28

14 29

15 30

19 34

20 35

21 36

22 37

23 38

27 42

28 43

29 44

30 45

31 46

35 50

36 51

37 52

38 53

39 54

40 55

43 58

44 59

45 60

46 61

47 62

48 49 63 tennis 64

56 table 57 tennis

64 cycling

8 9 2 and speaking 23 Writing 24 25

a 16 Listen and circle the correct answers. 17 31

1 The recording is

24 25 The41 Hambrook Center is 39 2 40

a) a radio interview

b) an advertisement.

a) a school

b) a recreation center.

b 32 Now listen to the rest of the conversation. Check (✓) the hobbies that the center offers. 33 47

hobbies offered at the center 41 56

indoor hobbies

outdoor hobbies

games of skill

poetry bird watching stamp collecting basketball gardening c Listen again. Check (✓) the indoor and outdoor hobbies.

3 Speaking a Work in groups. Which of the hobbies offered by the Hambrook Center would you like to join? Why? b Are there other hobbies that you are interested in which are not offered by the Hambrook Center?

Unit 6

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Unit 7 The story so far

Life histories

1 Speaking and reading a Look at these photographs. What do you know about these people? b Read the article and complete the profile.

Splash

Making a

Olympic swimmer Oussama Mellouli studied at the College of Rampart in Marseilles, France. He continued his studies at the University of Southern California, where he swam for the University team, the USC Trojans. Oussama had the talent and determination to succeed. He made his international debut at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona, earning a bronze medal for the 400 m Individual Medley. Five years later, at the young age of 24, he won the gold medal in the 1500 m freestyle swim at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Bejing, China. He said afterward, “It’s the redemption I wanted, and I got it”. He is currently a record holder for the fastest times ever by a swimmer representing an African country.

PROFILE ★

★

✰

★

Name: (1)……………………………………………

Country of birth: (2)……………………………..

Year of birth: (3)…………………………………. First international event: (4)……….…………

c In groups, discuss who is your favorite sportsperson. Why?

Unit 7

Medals at 2008 Olympic Games: (5)………………………..................…........…

★

The story so far Lesson 1

5 13

6 14

7 15

8 16

2 9 Listening and reading 17

13 21

14 22

15 23

16 24

a Look at the picture. What do you think the 17 25 man’s job is?

21 29

22 30

23 31

24 32

b Listen to the interview. Were you correct? 25 33

c Listen again. Put the events in Tarik Sayid’s life 29 30 31 32 37 38 39 40 33 41 into the correct order. 1 He studied in America. 37 45

38 46

39 47

40 48

41 49

45 53

46 54

47 55

48 56

49 57

53 61

54 62

55 63

56 64

57 4 He joined a football team.

2 He started helping out at a local care home. 3 He lived in the north of England. 5 He got a job in Hong Kong. 6 He studied in London.

3 Word builder: life events a Match the verbs with the phrases. 1 2 3 4 5 6

break get have make join win

a) money / a mistake b) a club / a team c) a leg / an arm / a record d) the sack / fired from a job / a new job e) a prize / an award / a competition / a game f) time / an accident

b Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs to the left. 1 I was really happy when my team ____________ the game. 2 3 4 5 6

Last year, my sister _________ an accident. I’m enjoying my new job, and I _____________ more money. My brother ___________ the school record in the 100-meter dash when he was a senior. My friend felt terrible when he _________ fired from his job. When did you _________ this fitness club?

4 Writing and speaking a Write sentences about good and bad years in your life. Don’t write your name! 2004 was a very important year for me. I got good grades, and I met my best friend. 2005 was a bad year for me. I broke my leg, and I failed a class at school. b In groups, mix up the papers. Someone takes a paper and reads the notes to the group. The group tries to guess the person. Then they ask him / her for more information. Which class did you fail? How did you break your leg?

Unit 7

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Lesson 2 The story so far

2 Experience and experiences 1 Speaking and listening a In pairs, look at the photograph and try to answer the questions. 1 2 3 4 5

Where was Frank Li born? Where does he live now? What languages does he speak? What is his job? What was his most dramatic experience?

41 c In groups, discuss these questions.

b Listen to a radio interview with Frank Li and check your answers to exercise 1a. 1 W hat do you think are the most important personality traits for people doing the following jobs: pilot, teacher, truck driver, chef? 2 H ow has the employment market changed in Saudi Arabia in the last 50 years? Give some examples.

2 Grammar builder: present perfect a Read these sentences and match them with the uses of the present perfect. 1 Have you ever had an emergency? Yes, I have. Two years ago we landed without wheels.

a) an action (or actions) that happened in the past and can happen again in the future

2 Frank Li works for Western Airlines. He has always worked there.

b) a question about life experiences

3 Jim has had several jobs in his working life.

c) an action that began in the past and continues in the present

Language assistant b Look at the sentences again. How do you express these ideas in your language?

Yes / No questions

Short answers

Affirmative statements

Have / Has + subject + past participle

subject + have / has (not)

subject + have / has / + past participle

Have you (ever) been Yes, I have. to France? Has John (ever) lived in Dubai?

No, he hasn’t.

2 Never indicates “at no time in your life”. I’ve never failed an exam.

I have been there 3 three times. He has lived in Abu Dhabi. 4

Ever indicates “at any time in your life until now”. It is used in questions. Have you ever …?

Use been to, not gone to, to talk about places you have visited. Have you been to Paris? You can use contractions with the present perfect: I’ve, you’ve, he’s, she’s, it’s, we’ve, they’ve

Unit 7

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The story so far Lesson 2 c Look at the examples in the table in the Workbook and then complete the sentences below with the present perfect. Use the past participles from the box. Then check your answers with a partner. Past participles of regular verbs: Past participles of irregular verbs: 1 2 3 4 5 6

studied seen

worked read

lived (same form as past simple) done (see irregular verb list)

I’ ____________ in this town all my life. “____________ you ever ____________ for a big company?” “No, I ____________ .” I’____________ English for two years. Paul ____________ never ____________ a white tiger. “____________ George ____________ his homework?” “Yes, he ____________ .” “____________ you ever ____________ an English newspaper?” “No, never.”

d Complete the questions. Then practice the conversation with a partner. Give true answers for you. 1 A: _______ you ever ____________ (be) to another country? B: ___________. 2 A: __________ you ever __________ (have) a bad accident? B:____________. 3 A: ________ you ____________ (see) your friend Ahmad recently? B: _______________. 4 A: __________ your best friend ever _____________ (make) you angry? B: _______________.

3 Speaking a Answer the questionnaire. Put a check (✓) for Yes and a cross (x) for No.

Your life experiences Have you ever . . . been outside Saudi Arabia? flown in a plane?

Language assistant Use the past simple to give specific details about experiences: Have you ever been to London? Yes, I have. I went there last year.

eaten Chinese food?

A: Have you ever flown in a plane?

studied another language (not English)?

B: Yes, I have.

stayed awake all night?

A: Where did you go?

overslept and been late for school/work?

B: I went to Istanbul last year.

had a tooth out at the dentist? watched TV in English? met a famous person?

b Try to find someone who has done each thing. Ask questions beginning Have you ever …? Also ask questions beginning When …?, Where…?, and What …?

Unit 7

Lesson 3 The story so far

3 Success stories

Dear Colleagues

1 Reading and writing a Read this end of year letter from the management team to the employees. b Find words or phrases in the letter that mean: 1 grew bigger 2 lower prices 3 the things that we sell 4 started selling

Koala supermarkets, as you know, opened its firs t store in 1980 in Riyadh. Then it was a small store sellin g only food items. The business expanded and now we have stores all over the coun try. In 2006 we opened ou r first store outside Saudi Ara bia – in Abu Dhabi. Now we are expanding into Egypt an d sub-Saharan Africa wi th a total of 30 supermarkets . We employ over 5,000 people. We have also offered dis counts and loyalty cards to all our in-store customers. We have continued to inc rease our range of good s – from food we went int o fashion, electronics an d appliances, health and beauty, kitchenware, an d china. Much of our success is down to the hard work and loyalty of you, the comp any’s employees. I would like to take this opportunity to thank yo u all and to wish you a very Happy Eid-al-Fitr. From all of us on

The Management Team

Unit 7

The story so far Lesson 3 2 Grammar builder: present perfect vs. past simple a Look at sentences from the table. Check (✓) the statement which is true below the sentences. 1 We have continued to expand. We have offered discounts on products.

2 Koala opened its first store in 1980. In 2006 we opened our first store in Abu Dhabi.

a) an action or situation that began in the past and will probably continue or be repeated in the future b) an action or situation that began and ended in the past

b Complete this table with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

JUBAIL Not very long ago Jubail (1) _____________ (be) a small fishing village on the Persian Gulf. Its people (2) _____________ (go) fishing and (3) _____________ (collect) pearls in the ocean. The population of this tiny village in the desert was less than a hundred in 1970, but it (4) _____________ (grow) to 150,370 by 2009. How did this happen? In 1975 the Saudi government (5) _____________ (decide) Jubail would be the site for an important industrial town. Since then, the city of Jubail (6) _____________ (grow) with amazing speed. The industrial city is now the largest of its kind in the world. Bechtel is the company which (7) _____________ (manage) the Jubail project since they began work more than 30 years ago and the company is still working in Jubail now. Jubail is a complete city with everything that workers and their families need to live. Bechtel (8) _____________ (design) and (9) _____________ (build) schools, hospitals, roads, housing, and shopping areas. They (10) _____________ (construct) petrochemical plants, fertilizer plants, steel works, gas and oil pipelines and refineries, and the commercial port. Jubail is also home to the largest seawater desalination plant in the world. Since 2009, this desalination plant (11) _____________ (provide) 50 percent of the country’s drinking water. And Bechtel (12) _____________ (not finish). They are building a second industrial city for 22 new industries.

2 10

3 Pronunciation: sounds – vowels 3

a Write the verb forms in the box in the correct vowel pronunciation column.

14 15 16 17 ate 13come read (past) seen broken break made read (present) went broke 18 19make 20 21go 22 won 23 24eaten 25 eat drunk fell read (past participle) wrote done 26 34 42

see /i/

day /eI/

yes /e/

no /oU/

cup /ø/

eat

ate

fell

broke

come

b Listen, check your answers, and practice pronouncing the verbs. 35

4 Writing and speaking 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 a Think of a successful person, company, or city. Write down as many facts as you can.

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 b Report to the class. Listen to your classmates’ reports and add information if you can.

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Unit 7

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Lesson 4 The story so far

4 Lifeline to the English language 1 Reading and listening

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Key Countries using English as a first language

Indian Ocean

Countries using English as second official language

a Look at the map above. Read the article about the English language. Put the countries below in 4 5 6 7 8 9 the correct spaces.

12 1 13Australia 14 15and 16New 17 Zealand

20 3 21Canada 22 23 and24 the 25 U.S.A.

b Check with a classmate. Do you agree? 28 29 30 31 32 33

2 India and Pakistan

c Listen and check your answers.

Unit 7

The Spread of English In the 16th Century, only about five million people spoke English – and they all lived in the British Isles. From the early 17th Century many British people went to live in North America, and English became the major language. Today there are 57 million English speakers in Britain, but 250 million in ___________. English is also the first language of the West Indies, ___________ and many people in South Africa. There are probably about 400 million people world-wide who use English as their mother tongue. But English is also used as an ‘official’ language in Bangladesh, ____________ , as well as in many parts of Africa.

The story so far Lesson 4 2 Word builder: American and

American

British

British English

1 automobile

a) autumn

2 elevator

b) pavement

3 fall

c) car

4 French fries

d) shop

5 gas/gasoline

e) rubbish bin

6 pants

f) chips

7 sidewalk

g) trousers

3 Reading and speaking

8 store

h) lift

9 trash can

i) petrol

American and British English are very similar, but not exactly the same. Sometimes the two languages use different words for the same thing. In pairs, match the American and British English words.

Are you a good learner of English? Answer these questions and find out!

Quiz 1

Do you speak English in your English classes?

Do you speak to your teacher outside the class?

Have you watched TV in English?

Do you speak English with friends or classmates outside your lessons?

Have you tried reading a book or newspaper in English?

Do you practice your English at home?

Do you write down new English words and expressions?

Do you do your homework?

a always a often a often a often a yes a often a always a yes

b usually b sometimes b sometimes b sometimes b I tried, but it was too difficult b sometimes

c sometimes c never c never c never c no c never

b when I can remember

c no

b when I have time

c I never have time!

Give yourself 3 marks for every a, 2 marks for every b, 1 mark for every c. If you scored: 21 – 30 You are a model student. Continue like this and you’ll soon speak like a native speaker! 11 – 20 Well done! But try practicing more. Only by practicing a foreign language can you be really successful. 1 – 10 Hmm…. Don’t show this mark to your teacher!

4 Speaking and writing a Read the article The Spread of English again. b In pairs, discuss your own language. In which countries is it spoken? How and when did it spread? c Write an article similar to The Spread of English about your language. d Show your article to another pair. Do you agree?

Unit 7

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Unit 8 Ways of life

50 58

Traditions

13 Speaking 14 15 16 and 17 1 listening

a Look at the photographs. In pairs, discuss these questions. 21

61 Second person 62 63 64

1 What are the different traditions? 2 26 27 28 29 30Which 31 countries 32 33 do you associate the traditions with? b Listen to an interview with three young people. Write Y (Yes) in the 38 39 40 like 41 traditional things or modern things and N (No) if 34 35 36 37 table if they they don’t like them.

First person

Likes traditional things

Likes modern things

Third person

2 Speaking and reading a There are different customs in different countries. Different people do things in different ways. It’s important that you don’t make mistakes when you are visiting a foreign country. In groups, discuss customs that you think are particular to Saudi Arabia.

Unit 8

Ways of life Lesson 1 b Read this list of customs in different countries. In pairs, decide whether you think each sentence is True or False.

1 In China, you give someone a present or business card with your right hand 2 In Brazil, people often stand close to you when they are talking to you.

They think you are rude if you step away.

3 In Ghana, it is rude to eat with the left hand. 4 In a restaurant in Britain you shout ‘Waiter’ when you want to be served. 5 In Japan, if you finish all your food it means that you want more. 6 In Sweden, when you have finished your meal you should leave your knife and fork on the plate in the 5:25 position.

7 8

In Saudi Arabia, it is polite to greet the elders first.

In Turkey, when you invite someone to a restaurant you each pay for your own meal.

Italians never keep their hands above the table at meal times unless they are resting their elbows on the table.

In Greece, you must always arrive early for a dinner appointment.

1 F You hold the present or card in both hands. 2 T 3 T The left hand is thought to be unclean. 4 F This is rude. You raise your hand and catch the waiter’s eye. 5 T Leave some food on your plate or your Japanese host will give you more. 6 T 7 T 8 F You always keep your hands above the table and never rest your elbows. 9 F When you invite someone for a meal then you pay. 10 F No, you should always arrive a little late. Dinner at 8 o’clock means dinner after 8 o’clock.

c Check your answers. Are these customs the same or different in Saudi Arabia?

3 Word builder: do / make a Look at the rules for the use of do and make and then complete the sentences with the correct forms of do and make. a) We normally use do for actions, activities, work, etc. We do a job. b) We normally use make for products, constructions, results, etc. We make a mess.

Language assistant In English, we do not do / make a question; we ask a question.

1 Different people _______ things in different ways. 2 It’s important that you don’t _______ mistakes. 3 In Jordan, they _______ Mansaf out of lamb. 4 _______ a lot of work and you’ll pass your English exam! 5 Nokia is a Japanese company that _______ cell phones. 6 Don’t talk to me now. I’m trying to _______ my homework. b In groups, talk about things you’ve done or made recently. I’ve made plans for this Thursday. I’m going on a picnic with some friends.

Unit 8

Lesson 2 Ways of life

2 Your life 1 Reading and speaking a Read and complete the paragraph. My name’s John Long. I’m 25 years (1) __________ . I live in a small apartment in London. I moved to London from my family home in New York (2) __________ 1999. My family (3) __________ always lived in New York. I’m (4) __________ engineer, and I work in an automobile plant. I began working there (5) __________ 2000. My main hobby is playing tennis. I began when I (6) __________ 12 years old, and I’m not very good but I really enjoy it. I also started studying Arabic two years ago before I (7) __________ on holiday to Saudi Arabia. I love the Arabic language, but my 2 3 4 5 6 teacher 7 8 has9 gone home to Lebanon. I want (8) __________ continue studying, so I’m looking for 10 11 12 13 14 another 15 16 teacher. 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

b Check your answers with a classmate. 22 23 24 25

18 10

19 11

20 12

21 13

26 18

27 19

28 20

29 21

34 26

35 27

36 28

37 29

a Listen to John’s telephone conversation. Who is 38 he 39 40 41 to? 30 31talking 32 33

42 34

43 35

44 36

45 37

b Listen again. Then complete these sentences 46 47 48 49 38 about 39 40 41 Ayoub.

50 42

51 43

52 44

53 45

54 1 55Ayoub 56 Isa 57 was born in _____________ . 46 47 48 49

58 50

59 51

60 52

61 53

62 54

2 30 Listening 31 32 33 22

He has lived in the U.K. for _____________ years. He has lived in London since _____________ of last year. He has taught Arabic since _____________ . He has given classes at a language institute for _____________ months.

2 He is _____________ years old. 63 55

64 56

3 Grammar builder: present perfect with for / since and how long...? 62 63 64 a Look at the two boxes. Which phrases refer to a point in time and which to a period of time? Match the boxes with these incomplete sentences.

1 They have been here since … 2 They have been here for … b Complete this conversation with information about John Long. Look at exercise 1a for help. Ayoub: John: Ayoub: John: Ayoub: John: Ayoub: John:

3 4 5 6

Are you originally from London, John? No, I’m from __________________ . How long have you lived here? Since __________________ . And how long have you studied Arabic? For __________________ . Have you ever studied another language? No, _________________ .

A … four years. … six months. … two hours. … twenty minutes.

B … 1998. … last July. … Monday. … three o’clock.

Unit 8

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Ways of life

Lesson 2

c Work in pairs. Interview your partner using the conversation in exercise 3b. Ask about English. Then tell another pair about your partner. d Look at the questions beginning How long … in exercise 3b. Complete these questions.

1 ayoub: How long __________________ in the automobile factory, John? John: Since 2000.

2 ayoub: How long __________________ tennis? John: I’ve played tennis for fifteen years.

3 John: How long __________________ you __________________ here in the U.K.? ayoub: Since 2004.

431 Pronunciation: stress and rhythm 32 33

39 the 40 contractions 41 – ’ve for have – and the weak form of you. Practice

47 1 48How 49long have you lived here?

563 Speaking and writing 64

4 John: __________________ you __________________ Arabic? 11 12 13 14 15 16ayoub: 17 For __________________.

Listen and underline the stressed words in these sentences. Notice the questions and answers in pairs.

3 How long have you studied Arabic? 4 I’ve studied it for two years.

2 I’ve lived here since 1999. 56

Language assistant Note the contraction for He / She / It has: He’s / She’s / It’s.

a Find out the following information about people in your class. Who …

How long has he / she …

has a computer at home?

had the computer?

speaks more than one foreign language?

spoken more than one foreign language?

plays on a sports team?

played on the team?

a: are you in a sports team? b: Yes, i’m on the football team.

a: How long have you played on the football team? b: about two years.

b In groups, talk about the information. Abdullah is at college. He's been there for about two years. c Work in pairs. Interview another student and complete the information. Name:

Main hobby/interest:

Age:

Age when hobby started:

Town/City:

Other language:

Number of years in town/city:

Time studying language:

d Write a biographical sketch of your partner. Use the text in exercise 1a to help you if necessary.

Unit 8

Lesson 3 Ways of life

3 Working together 1 Reading and speaking a Look at the two photographs and talk about the differences. b Look at these topics. Read the article quickly. Match the main idea with the paragraphs. 1 Recent changes in some organizations: paragraph ____ 2 A good example of a hierarchical culture: paragraph ____ 3 Traditional organizations: paragraph ____

INSTITUTIONAL CULTURES A In an army you can tell a person’s rank by their uniform. Soldiers always call their officers ‘Sir’ or by a title – ‘Major’, ‘Captain’ etc. When officers give orders the soldiers always obey them. This is because, in life-ordeath situations, discipline and instant action are more important than democratic discussion. An army is a good example of a ‘hierarchical culture’. B Most organizations used to have hierarchical cultures. Many still do. In many schools, children stand up when the teacher enters. They call their teachers ‘Sir’. They raise a hand for permission to speak.

c Read the article again. Answer these questions. 1 2 3 4 5

Which institution is a clear example of a hierarchical culture? Why is discipline so important in an army? How do children behave in many schools? What happens in some modern schools? What aspects of Microsoft’s corporate culture became famous?

d In groups, discuss these questions. 1 How would you describe your school? 2 Are levels of formality changing? If yes, do you agree with the changes? If no, do you think they should change?

Unit 8

Employees in many schools, companies, and government offices behave in this way with their bosses. In some companies, employees never, never disagree with their bosses. C But things have changed in many places. In some modern schools there is a lot more open discussion in class. In the business world, companies like Microsoft became famous for informal dress and ‘democratic’ management. These companies often ask employees to talk about their ideas. This is because these companies want their employees to think creatively.

Ways of life Lesson 3 2 Grammar builder: tell / ask / want

Language assistant

a Look at these sentences. How would you express these ideas in your language? 1 2 3 4 5

Superiors tell subordinates to do things. The company wanted everyone to think critically and creatively. The teacher told the students to pay attention. He told them not to fool around in class. The manager asked the secretaries not to make personal telephone calls without permission.

b Rewrite these sentences in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5

doesn’t / Martin / me / want / help / to brother / Ali’s / told / to / be / quiet / him the / asked / passengers / steward / the / sit down / to the old woman / told / the children / to / not / play / the street / in mother / wanted / clean up / room / to / her / Yasmeen’s / her

1 Use ask instead of tell to indicate politeness: She asked me not to talk. 2 Use tell for orders and for giving information: She told me not to talk. He told me the news. 3 You can use not to after tell / ask, but not after want. Compare: He told me not to talk. He didn’t want me to talk.

c Look at the pictures and complete these sentences. Jennifer, could you please stay late today?

1 Timmy, eat your egg!

Wear a suit to the presentation!

Don’t be late for the game on Sunday!

I’d like you to bring some family photos to class tomorrow.

4 1 The manager asked her ________________ . 2 The coach told them ________________. 3 The man told his brother _______________.

You have to look good for the interview!

4 His father told him ________________. 5 The teacher asked the students______________. 6 He wants him ________________.

3 Writing and speaking a Write a sentence for each of these situations. 1 2 3 4

Something your parents always told you to do Something they told you not to do Something you want your children to do Something you don’t want them to do

My parents always told me to ... They told me not to ... b In groups, compare your ideas.

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Lesson 4 Ways of life

4 Lifeline to business administration 1 Word builder: business vocabulary

These words are all related to international business. How many of them do you know? In pairs, match the words with their definitions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

investment employment wages manufacturing research development

a) work, jobs b) money paid for work c) the process of designing or creating something d) investigation, especially scientific e) production process f) money put into a bank or a business to make more money

2 Speaking and reading a Look at the titles. Read the magazine article and choose the best title. a) Everything will soon be multinational b) Multinationals have a permanent place c) The end of multinationals is near

Multinational companies have entered almost all of the countries of the world in recent years. They have become a fact of life.

Multinationals have a mixed reputation. Some people don’t want multinationals to replace more traditional small businesses. Other people welcome fast food and large supermarkets. On one hand, multinationals provide investment and employment around the world. This is very important in poorer countries.

➜

On the other hand, multinationals sometimes keep costs and wages low in those countries. And they often destroy other competition within the country. Most countries continue to welcome multinationals, but they have to limit their operations.

➜ ➜ ➜

➜

Multinationals buy and sell in many countries. They are large organizations. In some areas of business – automobile manufacturing and pharmaceuticals, for example – the cost of research and development is enormous. Only multinationals can do the necessary business. But the future does not need to be all multinational. Small and medium-sized companies can all be national or local – as long as these national, local businesses are a) good and b) efficient.

b Look at the company logos and answer the questions. 1 What do you know about these companies? 2 Which multinational corporations are in Saudi Arabia?

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3 32 Listening 33

4 writing, and speaking 56 Reading, 57

a Match the phrases in the box with the spaces 64 in the e-mail below.

Ways of life Lesson 4

Look at the list of arrangements and listen to the conversation. Write Kevin or Alex in the spaces. 41

1 Meet Dr. Yacoub at airport: _____________ 2 Take him to hotel: _____________ 49

3 Have lunch with him: _____________ 4 Show him around Sydney: _____________ A show you the sights of Sydney B asked me to meet you C See you D have lunch with you E attaching a picture F take you straight to

Dear Dr. Yacoub, My name is Alex Ryan, and I’m Kevin Kennedy’s assistant. He (1) _______ B at the airport tomorrow. I’ll (2) ___________ your hotel, and Kevin will (3) ___________ there. He will (4) ____________ over the weekend. I hope you have a nice flight. (5) _____________ tomorrow. Best wishes, Alex Ryan P.S. I’m (6) __________ of myself. I’ll have a company brochure in my hand.

b Imagine that Dr. Yacoub is going to visit your city. Look at the details about him and use the information to plan weekend activities for him. Write an e-mail to him telling him about the plan. He is 28 years old. He likes art and good food. He also likes sports, especially swimming and bicycling. He is interested in anthropology.

c In pairs, exchange e-mails. Read your partner’s e-mail. Compare your plans for Dr. Yacoub and decide on a final plan.

Unit 8

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Unit 9 What’s next?

Reviewing the situation

1 Reading, writing, and speaking a Read and complete this questionnaire, using your personal information.

TOPICS STUDY

HOBBIeS

HOMe

FAMIlY l lY AND FRIeNDS

QUeSTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ANSWeRS

DO YOU NOW?NOW? IF SO, WHAT? WHAT DOSTUDY YOU STUDY DID YOUSTUDY STUDYTHe FIVeSAMe YeARS AgO? IFFIVe SO,YeARS WHAT? DID YOU SUBJeCTS AgO? IF NOT, WHAT? DO YOU YOUHAVe WORKA NOW? SO, WHAT YOU DO HOBBY IFNOW? IF SO, DO WHAT DODO? YOU DO? DID YOU YOUHAVe WORKA HOBBY FIVe YeARS SO, WHAT DID YOU DID FIVeAgO? YeARSIFAgO? IF SO, WHAT DID DO? YOU DO? WHeRe DO DOYOU YOUlIVe lIVeNOW? NOW? WHeRe WHeRe DID DIDYOU YOUlIVe lIVeFIVe FIVeYeARS YeARSAgO? AgO? WHeRe AReYOU YOUSee eNgAgeD / MARRIeD NOW? DO YOUR FAMIlY OFTeN? WeRe YOU / MARRIeD FIVeYeARS YeARSAgO? AgO? DID YOU SeeeNgAgeD YOUR FAMIlY OFTeN, FIVe WHO ARe AReYOUR YOURBeST BeSTFRIeNDS FRIeNDSNOW? NOW? WHO WHO WeReYOUR YOURBeST BeSTFRIeNDS FRIeNDSFIVe FIVe YeARS AgO? WHO WeRe YeARS AgO?

b In groups, talk about the information in the questionnaire. Things haven’t changed much for me. I live in the same house. I have the same friends. I …

2 Word builder: study, hobbies, home, family and friends a Write the words from the box in the correct columns in the table. Check your answers with a classmate. house kitchen apartment

employ dictionary outdoor

free time course running

class school brother

activity cousin rent

homework gathering best friend

Study

Hobbies

Home

Family and friends

class

activity

apartment

best friend

Unit 9

What’s next? Lesson 1 b Complete this text with appropriate forms of the words from the box in exercise 2a. John hates being stuck in the house and prefers (1)

hobbies. Everyday after (2)

finishes, the first thing John does when he gets home is his (3) to do a (4)

. He's planning to go to college

in engineering, so he studies hard. Then he calls his (5)

the phone and they arrange to meet up and go (6) they go to Kevin's (7)

, Kevin on

in the park together for an hour. After that

, where they sit in the (8)

and talk while Kevin's mom

makes them some sandwiches. 5

3 Speaking and listening 17

a Look at the photograph. What is it? With a 25 partner discuss what sort of things people might say, or talk about, when they are looking at one 29 30 31 32 33 of these? 21

6 61

7 62

8 63

9 64

b Listen to the conversation between Peter and 41 Frank. Then complete these sentences with Peter or Frank. 49

1 It’s ____________’s photo album.

57 2 ____________ has changed a lot since

the age of 20. 3 ____________ hasn’t changed much. 4 ____________ has a healthy life.

4 Pronunciation: sounds – /eɪ/ a Listen to these rhymes and repeat them. Twenty-eight is not too late! It’s great to be twenty-eight!

c Listen to these words with different vowel 43 sounds 44 45and 46spellings. 47 48 Repeat 49 them.

/eɪ/ neighbor, weight, late, came, great, 52 53 54 55 56 57 break, day, wait b Eight, late, and great contain the vowel sound /i/ please, clean, eat, feet, green, complete /eɪ/, but are spelled in different ways. Underline 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 54 55 56 57 /aɪ/ height, right, light, fine, drive, fly, try more words in the box with the sound /eɪ/. 46

please day

play

wait came

height neighbor break rain clean

fly

right

fine

way eat

mail weight either

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Lesson 2 What’s next?

2 Lifestyle changes 1 Reading and speaking a Read this list of health problems.

The problem 1 I’ve got a bad back. 2 I can’t get to sleep at night. 3 I’ve got a terrible cough. 4 I keep getting headaches. 5 I can’t relax.

b In pairs, match the problem with the probable reason and the doctor’s advice.

The probable reason 1 Should I stop drinking d? coffee before I go to be 2 I smoke cigarettes. about 3 I’m always worrying work. ding. 4 I have problems rea 5 I spend all day at the computer.

Unit 9

The doctor’s advice

A You should change your job. B You should give up.

C You should get your eyes tested. D You should make sur e that your chair’s in the corre ct position. E Yes, you should. It ke eps you awake.

What’s next? Lesson 2 2 Grammar builder: should / shouldn’t a Match the sentences with the definitions.

20 a) 21asking 22 23 24opinion b) saying 25 for an what is correct c) giving advice

50 3

51 4

52 53You 54should 55 56 57 considerate. be more 5 6 7 8 9

10 2

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

18 10

19 11

20 12

26 18

27 19

in pairs and answer these questions. Are people today less 28 a 29 Work 30 31 32 33 20 21 22 23 24 25

34 26

35 27

42 34

43 35

healthy than they were in the past? If your answer is ‘yes’ discuss 36 37 possible 38 39 reasons. 40 41 Make notes of your main ideas. 28 29 30 31 32 33 b Listen to the interview with Dr Newman. How many of your ideas 44 45 does 46 47 doctor 48 49 36 37 38 the 39 40 41 mention?

50 42

51 43

52 44

c You have to write a report on why we are unhealthy. Listen to the 53 54 55 56 57 45 interview 46 47 48 49 and complete the notes below. again

58 50

59 51

60 52

61 53

60 61a bad 62 63 64 _________, not enough time to _________

1 You should change your job. I stop coffee? 10 11 12 2 13Should 14 15 16drinking 17 3 a)? That’s a mistake. The answer should be b.

Language assistant Use an infinitive without to after should / shouldn’t. I should exercise. He shouldn’t smoke. What should we do?

b Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t. 29

1 You _______________ speak English in class. 3 You _______________ buy things you don’t need. 2 You _______________ drive so fast. 4 We _______________ be more patient. 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 c Listen and practice the examples. Notice the 42 43 44 difference 45 46 47between 48 49 affirmative and negative sentences. You shouldn’t eat so quickly.

d Practice saying the sentences in exercise 2b.

21 22 23 24 25 3 listening 13 Speaking 14 15 16 and 17

62 54

63 55

64 56

Common causes of health problems: not enough _________,

Advice on a more healthy lifestyle:

1 Children and parents should ___________________________.

2 We all ___________________________ more fruit and vegetables.

3 Office workers ___________________________.

4 We ___________________________ home with us.

5 We ___________________________ a good night’s sleep.

d Check your answers with a classmate.

4 Writing and speaking a Work in groups of three. Imagine that you are Dr Newman! Look at these two letters and write some advice for each one.

1 Dear Dr Newman, I never do any exercise. I watch TV for hours every day and eat fast food. I love donuts and chocolate, and I am overweight. I need to do something about my physical condition. Adam 2 Dear Dr Newman, I am an older student. I have my final exams at college, but I can’t concentrate. I look at my books, and ten minutes later I am thinking about lunch, going out for a walk. I don’t want to fail the exams, but I need some help with this problem. John

b In groups, compare your letters. Who has the best advice?

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Lesson 3 What’s next?

3 Twenty-five years from now 1 Speaking and reading a In pairs, match the words and phrases 1–8 with the definitions a–h. 1 expect

a) be more than

2 exceed

b) something you imagine, especially when sleeping

3 literacy rates

c) suddenly go up

4 slums

d) be almost certain

5 jump

e) compact disc-read only memory

6 take for granted

f) the proportion of people able to read and write

7 CD-ROM

g) very poor and dirty neighborhoods in cities

8 dream

h) consider perfectly normal

b Read the article. In your opinion, what changes do you think will happen in the next 100 years?

A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE A

person born in 1900 could expect to live about 36 years. Today, the global average life expectancy is over 65, and by 2025, it is expected to exceed 72. The last century saw dramatic transformations in everything from medical care to literacy rates, and the changes will accelerate in this millennium. However, not all of the changes are good. The number of people living in slums, for

instance, will jump from 815 million in 2005 to an estimated 2.1 billion in 2025. Many of the things we take for granted – e-mail, nuclear power, computers, weren’t even a distant dream 100 years ago. But doctors might find cures for many illnesses, and humans might colonize space. The changes we saw in the last century will be insignificant compared to the ones we can expect to see in this one.

HERE ARE SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT THE PAST AND ESTIMATES FOR THE FUTURE World population

People in cities

People in poverty

People per doctor

2005

6.5 billion

49%

2.8 billion

3,300

2025

8.5 billion

61%

3.3 billion

2,500

Unit 9

What’s next? Lesson 3 2 Speaking and listening a In pairs, try to guess the answers for these predictions about 2025 in the U.S.

1 a) Twenty b) Thirty-five c) Fifty percent of the population will be Hispanic if current patterns continue. 26 27 28 29 30 2 31a) Five b) 32 33 Twenty-five c) Fifty percent of all adult Americans will be overweight. 3 a) Three b) Five c) Ten times more people will suffer from Alzheimer’s if scientists don’t discover a cure. 34 35 36 37 38 4 39a) Medical 40 41 research b) Computer technology c) Travel and tourism will be the largest commercial activity. b Listen to the radio program. Check your answers to exercise 2a.

3 54 Grammar 55 56 57 builder: future with will / won’t / might for predictions

a Look at the sentences. Do we use will / won’t 62 (won’t 63 64= will not) for a) predictions or b) definite arrangements? 1 2 3

In 25 years, the number of people in slums will jump to over 2 billion. Will there be many changes? Yes, there will. A lot of people won’t be healthy.

b Look at these sentences. Do they refer to a definite plan or a possibility? 1 Doctors might find cures for many illnesses. 2 Jim isn’t sure, but he might study biology.

4 Writing and speaking a Write four or five predictions about Saudi Arabia in 2025. Use these phrases or your own ideas. The capital city will … There won’t be enough … Most children will …

c Complete these sentences with will, won’t, or might according to your opinions. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Children _________ go to school. People ___________ work in offices. Computers ___________ be very different from computers now. Most people ___________ be very healthy. Houses ____________ be bigger than they are now. There ____________ be enough food for everyone in the world.

d In groups, compare your sentences.

The economy might … Most people our age will … The government might … b In groups, compare and discuss your predictions.

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Lesson 4 What’s next?

4 Lifeline to communications technology 1 Speaking and reading a Look at the forms of international communication in the box. In groups, discuss these questions. 1 2 3

In 1900, what different ways existed for communication with people in other countries? What different ways were there in 2000? Do you ever communicate with people in other countries? If so, how?

Internet / e-mail telegraph telegrams mail telephone radio b Read this excerpt and check your ideas about questions 1 and 2 in exercise 1a.

THE DEATH OF DISTANCE P

ublic mail service has existed for centuries, but telecommunications technology is also surprisingly old. By the 1870s, the world was linked by the electric telegraph. London was the center for most of the world’s long-distance telegraphs, so English was the operating language. The invention of the telephone in 1876 made long-distance communication even more possible. However, cost was a major barrier to long-distance calls.

ince then, the cost of communications has fallen dramatically. A three-minute telephone call between London and New York cost the equivalent of about $730 in 1928, and about 45¢ in 1998. Prices have fallen mainly because of massive increases in demand and technological development. Today, undersea fiber-optic cables can carry 600,000 simultaneous calls!

➠

he Internet, established in 1991, uses the same infrastructure as the telephone. There is now probably more data traffic than voice traffic in the developed world. The vast majority of Internet communications are in English. The system has its origins in the scientific community, where English is the international common language.

ADAPTED FROM: GRADDOL, D. THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH ? THE BRITISH COUNCIL

c In pairs, answer these questions. 1 2 3 4 5

Why was English the operating language of the international telegraph in the 19th century? What was the biggest problem with international telephone calls in the first half of the 20th century? Why are international telephone calls so cheap now compared with the past? What communications technology does the Internet require? Why is English the common language of the Internet?

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2 and speaking 39 Listening 40 41

Listen to the report on future technologies and check (✓) the items you hear. 48

air transportation intelligent cars 51 52 53 54 55 palms 56 57 intelligent houses 59

What’s next Lesson 4

wireless computers artificial organs cell phones

space stations robotics genomics

3 Speaking

Look at the photographs. In groups, discuss: 1 Which of these items exist in Saudi Arabia? 2 Which do you have? 3 Which would you like to have?

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Irregular verbs

Irregular verbs Infinitive

Past

Participle

Infinitive

Past

Participle

was / were

been

leave

left

become

became

become

lend

lent

begin

began

begun

let

blow

blew

blown

lose

lost

break

broke

broken

make

made

bring

brought

meet

met

build

built

put

buy

bought

read

can

could

ring

rang

rung

choose

chose

chosen

run

ran

come

came

come

say

said

did

done

see

saw

seen

drink

drank

drunk

send

sent

drive

drove

driven

sit

sat

eat

ate

eaten

sleep

slept

fall

fell

fallen

speak

spoke

spoken

feel

felt

spend

spent

find

found

steal

stole

stolen

fly

flew

flown

swim

swam

swum

freeze

froze

frozen

take

took

taken

get

got

gotten

teach

taught

give

gave

given

tell

told

went

gone

think

thought

grow

grew

grown

wear

wore

worn

have

had

win

won

keep

kept

write

wrote

written

know

knew

known

understand understood understood

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Pronunciation

Pronunciation Vowels

Consonants

The alphabet

/i/

eat

/b/

bat

/eI/

/i/

/e/

/aI/

/oU/

/u/

/Ar/

/I/

sit

/k/

cat

/eI/ wait

/tS/ chair

/e/

get

/d/

door

/œ/ hat

/f/

fat

/aI/ write

/g/

girl

/ø/

but

/h/

hat

/u/

food

/dZ/ July

/U/

good

/l/

/oU/ go

/m/ man

/O/

saw

/n/

new

/A/

hot

/p/

pet

/aU/ cow

/kw/ queen

/OI/ boy

/N/

ring (as final sound)

/´r/ her

/r/

run

/a/

/s/

see

/S/

shirt

/t/

talk

/D/

the

/∏/

thin

/v/

voice

sofa

/w/ where /j/

you

/z/

zoo

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Learner training 1 Recording and remembering vocabulary It is a good idea to buy a separate notebook to write vocabulary in. The vocabulary in this Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Book and the Workbook are recorded in different ways to help you remember new words. Experiment by using these different methods in your notebook. 1 Words in columns: Country

Nationality

Language

Iraq

Iraqi

Arabic

Canada

Canadian

English / French

Austria

Austrian

German

2 Words in lists, for example using opposites or synonyms: Word

Opposite

hot

cold

clean

dirty

big

small

3 Spidergrams

_______

_______ brown hair

_______

4 Drawing the objects.

Task 1 What do you think is the best way to record these groups of words? Write columns, list, or spidergram next to each one. 1 Rooms in a house, types of furniture, types of houses â&#x20AC;&#x201C; spidergram 2 Verb + noun pairs: eat + fish, study + Spanish 3 School subjects, people who study / specialize in that subject 4 Adjectives + comparative forms 5 Jobs, places of work, things in an office

2 More ways of recording and remembering vocabulary

When you want to record a new word or phrase, either from the book or from somewhere else, it is a good idea to include a definition or a sentence to help you remember what it means and / or a translation.

table

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

filing cabinet

A piece of furniture, often found in an office, for storing files.

relaxed

I'm very relaxed nowadays. I’ve stopped worrying about work.

It is also a good idea to include the part of speech and the stress. Write down difficult pronunciation too.

table (n)

table

Task 2

Record these words using as many of the ideas above as you can. 1 factory 2 twice 3 handsome 4 attend 5 occasionally

3 Reviewing and recycling new words and phrases

Once you have recorded your new words and phrases, it is a good idea to keep reviewing and recycling them so that you really remember them. For example, you can: • learn 10 new words / phrases a week. • test yourself by covering up the definition / picture. • write a sentence including each new word. • write a paragraph or story including a number of new words.

5 occasionally (adv) the opposite of "often" – We occasionally go to the mall.

5 spidergram

4 attend (vb) I attend college every day.

4 list

3 handsome (adj) good-looking (usually for a man).

3 columns

2 twice (adv) two times

2 list

1 factory (n) a place where things are made / manufactured.

1 spidergram

Task 2

Task 1 Suggested answers

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Spelling rules Rule 1: Contractions In English, it is common to use contractions, especially with verb forms. An apostrophe is used to show where letters are missing in the contracted forms. Contractions are used mainly in speech but you will also see them in written English, particularly when the style is informal. he is

he’s

we are

we’re

I am

I’m

she has been

she’s been

they have been

they’ve been

we also contract not to n’t she is not

she isn’t

they do not

they don’t

you cannot

you can’t

I have not been

I haven’t been

Task 1 Write the contracted forms. 1 you are _____________________________ 2 we do not ___________________________ 3 she must not ________________________ 4 it is ________________________________ 5 he does not _________________________

Rule 2: Apostrophes to indicate possession We use an apostrophe with a name to indicate possession: John’s book. Be careful not to confuse ’s to indicate possession with the contraction of the verb to be. Pedro’s bicycle = the bicycle that belongs to Pedro. Pedro’s a doctor = Pedro is a doctor. Task 2 Put the words with an apostrophe in the correct column in the table. 1 Jack’s a computer programmer. 2 Susana’s sister lives in Montreal. 3 Celia’s house is in the city center. 4 Mahmoud’s tall and slim. 5 John’s a teacher.

is belongs to

Rule 3: Plurals • To form the plural of nouns, we normally add s: a table – two tables, a girl – girls • If the noun ends in y after a consonant, change the y to ie and add s: a city – a number of cities, a country – two countries • Some plurals are irregular: woman – women, man – men, child – children

Rule 4 Verbs: present simple • For most forms of the present simple, use the infinitive form: I go, we see, they learn • For the third person singular, add s: she thinks, he lives • For verbs ending in y after a consonant, change the y to ie and add s: he studies, she tries • For verbs ending in sh or ch, add es:

Language assistant

he teaches, he washes

Adjectives do not take a plural form. a nice boy ✔ two nice boys ✔ two nices boys ✘

Language assistant Note the following irregular verbs. she goes, he does, she has

Language assistant Uncountable nouns do not take a plural form. Cheese is nice. ✔ Cheeses are nices. ✘

Task 3 Write the third person singular (with he or she) of these verbs: 1 work _________ 2 watch _________ 3 cry _________ 4 finish _________ 5 leave _________

you’re, we don’t, she mustn’t, it’s, he doesn’t Task 1 Answers

belongs to: 2, 3 is: 1, 4, 5 Task 2

works, watches, cries, finishes, leaves Task 3

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Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford, OX4 3PP A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN: 978-0-230-40532-5 Text © Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2009 Written by Simon Brewster, Paul Davies and Mickey Rogers Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 Published under licence from Editorial Macmillan de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. First published 2009 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Typeset by Zed and White Horse Design Cover design by Andrew Oliver Cover photography by Ardea/François Gohier. Illustration: Terry Hand (Art Collection), Tony Forbes and Yane Christensen (Sylvie Poggio), Russ Cox Cover Credit: Ardea/François Gohier Publishing management: hyphen The author and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce their photographs: Alamy/Adams Picture Library pp36, 39, David Ball p33(cr), Big Glass Eye p8, Mike Booth p77(br), Bottleneck Studios p47, Judith Collins p77(bl), Leslie Garland Picture Library p68(l), Gulf Images p30, Jennie Hart p20, Image Source pp14(b), 55, Megapress p58, Isaac Rose p14(a), Stefan Kiefer p68r, Nikreates p77(tl),Jeff Morgan Heritage p38(b), Radius Images p 72, Isaac Rose p1(a), Travelshots.com p62(tr), Michael Ventura p74(l), John Zada p21; Anthony Blake Picture Library/Norman Hollands p75(tl); Corbis/Bettmann pp 38 (c&d),45, 44(l), Hill St Studios Fancy/Veer p66(t), Tom Grill p64, Charles Gullung/Zefa p14(c), Corbis pp31, 72, Karl-Hein Haenel p33(cl), Image Source p66(b), Moodboard pp1(d), 37(l), 44)(b), Edward O’Neill p12(b), Franco Pagetti/VII p59, Tim Pannell p3(r), Lew Robertson p71, Alan Schein Photography p33(r), Grafton Smith p4(b), Christoph Wilhelm p56, Michael S. Yamashita p62(br); Apple Inc p77(t&l); Digital Stock/Corbis p 69; Getty Images/Harry Benson p13(t), Paul Chesley p74(r), Hémis.fr/Philippe Body p41(t), Hill St Studiso/Blend Images p 50, Hulton Archive pp13b, 38 1&3, 38, Image Bank p77(b), A Imagno p38 2, Joe McBride p52(b), NASA p44(c), John Peters p49(t), Popperfoto p38 4, David Seed Photography p73, Cameron Spencer p5(b), Michael Steele p49(b); Mary Evans Photo Library/Illustrated London News Ltd p10; Masterfile p17; Nidal Photos p15; Photodisc pp52(c), 75(r); Photolibrary/Barbieri Barbieri p16, Randy Faris p42, Photoshot/Talking Sport p7(t); Reuters/Fadi Al-Assaad p54(tl), Ruben Sprich p54(tr); Superstock pp12(c), p33(l), 62(l).

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