1. Establish the minimal knowledge chunks 2. Provide exposure 3. Provide practice
In language speaking terms, this means being able to draw on a set of memorised procedures in order to take part in realtime interaction. Without these procedures or routines you would have to assemble each utterance from scratch, word by word, at the obvious expense of fluency. Gatbonton, E. and Segalowitz, N. (1988) 'Creative automatization: Principles for promoting fluency within a communicative framework', TESOL Quarterly
[a] [b] [c] [d]
1 year 6 months 1 month 2 weeks
[a] [b] [c] [d]
approx. 50 approx. 20 approx. 10 approx. 5
1. enough orientation
2. enough practice
Говорение ЕГЭ
2015
Task 1 – a sample:
Что оценивается: Фонетическая сторона речи:
1 Паузы отсутствуют
2 3 4 5
Фразовое ударение Интонационные контуры Произношение слов Ударение в словах
• police
ttractive scientific institution
• a •
•
yes please
active it’s terrific great solution it’s
• economical it’s quite magical
Говорение ЕГЭ
2015
Что оценивается:
Языковое оформление
Интонационные
контуры
Tanya
Говорение ЕГЭ
2015
Что оценивается: Описание фото
Решение коммуникативной задачи – max.3 балла Организация высказывания – max.2 балла Языковое оформление – max.2 балла
Describe the person on your left. Describe the biggest object on your desk. Describe how you’re feeling. Give one reason.
Marta Rosińska, Nowa matura ustna. 12 strategii komunikacyjnych
Говорение ЕГЭ
2015
Что оценивается: сравнение двух фото
Решение коммуникативной задачи – max.3 балла Организация высказывания – max.2 балла Языковое оформление – max.2 балла
Give your students roles: - Ask for clarification - Don’t agree - Ask for more information/examples - Cause problems and difficulties
• pinion • ustification ! • xample !!
Why do you think so? What do you mean by that?
Can you be more specific? What / Where exactly? Anything else? How often? How much? etc.
What do you do in your free time?
I play on the Net.
How often?
What do you do in your free time?
I play on the Net. I play on the Net after school.
How often? What exactly?
What do you do in your free time?
I play on the Net. I play on the Net after school.
How often? What exactly?
I play on the Net after school. I check Facebook , chat with my friends and play some on-line games
YES, YES,
YES !
Scott Thornbury, 2001
• Exam speaking skills are trainable provided the right scaffolds are built • An intensive speaking programme must reduce the syllabus to the minimum to achieve the maximum.