SURVI VOR’ SWI L L
T HEHORNOFAF RI CA FoodI nsecur i t y Sever i t yScal e
Ac o n f l u xo fc o n u n d r u ms
AnnualPr obabi l i t y ofDr ought ,Fl ood andLocust
TheHor nofAf r i c ai sar egi onofEas t er n Af r i c a.I ti spr i mar i l ydi s t i ngui s hedt hr ough al owl y i ngar i dpl ai nc al l edt heEt hi opi an Hi ghl ands ,whi c hi sdi v i dedi nt ot wo s ec t i onsbyt heRi f tVal l ey .
WHA TI SRE SI L I E NCE ? Sudan
Er i t r ea Dj i bout i
E LNI NO Sout h Sudan
Per c ent ageofr ai nf al l bet weenOc tt oDec2016
Et hi opi a
Sour ce-FEWSNET,WHO
SOMAL I A
Somal i a Uganda
Sour ce-Humani t ar i anI nf or mat i onUni t ,USDepar t mentofSt at e
Keny a
UN
RE SI L I E NCE Sour ce-NOAACl i mat e
Ex t r emel yFoodI ns ec ur e Rei nt er pr et edf r om
Hi ghl yFoodI ns ec ur e Moder at el yFoodI ns ec ur e
Fami l i eshavet o sel lt hei r possessi onsand
I ndesper at i on, f ami l i eshavet osel l sur vi vi ngcat t l eat t hemar ket ,but
pr i c es pl ummet
Cr opsdi eacr oss acount r ywher e
T r a d i t i o n a l Co p i n g St r a t e g i e s
1000s ofl i vest ockdi e
mi l l i on
52, 000
chi l dr ensuf f erf r om Sever eAct ue chi l dr enar e Mal nut r i t i on pr edi ct edt o havet odr opout ofschool
t osear chf orf ood andwat er
asever yonedoes t hesame
80% Chi l dr enf acea gr uel l i ngwal k somet i mesas l ongas
abandon t hei r homes
2. 5
T HEF L OODOF n gAu g u s t2 0 1 1 DI SE ASE Sduri
ofpopul at i on dependson agr i cul t ur e
1903s u s p e c t e dme a s l e sc a s e s
Thedr oughti nEt hi opi ai n2011af f ec t ed9. 7Mi l l i onpeopl e.Ast he maj or i t yoft hec ount r y ’ spopul at i ondependsonagr i c ul t ur e,t he f ar mer sandpas t or al i s t sr el yont womons oonsev er yy ear .When t her ai nsdonotc ome,i tequal sc at as t r ophe.10maj ordr ought di s as t er swer er epor t edf r om 1980-2010.Near l y40per c entof t hepopul at i oni sc ons i der edf oodi ns ec ur e.
2572s u s p e c t e dma l a r i ac a s e s
I n d i g e n o u s St r a t e g i e s
Sour ceEar t hSyst em Resear ch Labor at or y
7109c a s e so fa c u t ewa t e rd i a r r h o e a
ME KROURI VE R-DROUGHTANDF L OOD
Neut r al
53% oft hewor l d’ spi r at e at t ac k si n2011wer eby Somal i ans .Thi swat er s r emai nsoneoft hemos t danger ousev ent houghpi r ac y l ev el shav egonedown.
9500c a s e so fp n e u mo n i a
LaNi na
92%
E T HI OPI A-DROUGHT
El Ni no
Sur f ac eTemper at ur esi ndegr ees
Res i l i enc ei s bec omi ng i nc r eas i ngl yi mpor t anti nt oday ’ s wor l d aswe dealwi t hc l i mat ec hange and i t sef f ec t son mi c r oc l i mat esand gl obalweat herpat t er ns .The l os sof v ar i ous oc c upat i ons c oupl ed wi t h t he s t r es s on t he env i r onmenti s di r ec t l y af f ec t i ng c i t i es ar ound t he wor l d. Ri s i ngs eal ev el s ,t emper at ur esandpol l ut i oni ss hapi ngt he ur banf or m anddes i gn.
Et hi opi a-2016
6hours
j ustt of et chone j er r ycanof wat er
Thes t r onges tev err ec or ded
i esoff ai l edr ai ns El Ni nocausesaser
TheAf arandBor anapeopl ef ac ec y c l esofdr ought ,r angel and degr adat i on,des t oc k i ngofani mal s ,r angel andr ec ov er yandr es t oc k i ngof ani mal sf ol l owedbyanewc y c l eofdr oughtandr ec ov er y . Tr adi t i onal c opi ngs t r at egi eshav eer odedduet or ec ur r i ngdr ought s , c ont i nuousr el i efas s i s t anc e,warandc i v i l unr es tandl ac kof gov er nment al pol i c i es .
2 0 1 6
2 0 1 6 MYR
2 0 1 7
2 0 1 7 MYR
2 0 1 8
150
Set t l ementzone Cl ust erofwel l s
100
Wel lzone 50
Cul t ur all andscapes 0
Damaget o t hehous e
Los sofagr i c ul t ur al pr oduc t i on
I nj ur y / Mal nut r i t i on
Los sof l i v es t oc k
Sour ce-Eur opeanCommi ssi on,I t al y Dr ought Fl ood
Ch a l l e n g e s Ne e df o rDy n a mi cSt r a t e g i e s
Communi t ybas ed t ec hni ques
Ext er nalAi d f r om gl obal agenci es
Tempor ar y r el i ef measur es
Nomoneyl ef tf or i nf r ast r uct ur e devel opment
Govtf undi ngi nt o r el i efandassi st ance
L OSSOF ASSE T S
SOCI AL I NSE CURI T Y WAR
BE L E DWYE NE-T HEURBANSCE NARI O
POVE RT Y F OOD I NSE CURI T Y
Bel edwey ne i sat own i ns out hc ent r al Somal i a,l oc at ed i nt he Shebel l e Val l ey neart heEt hi opi anbor deri st hec a pi t a lof t heHi r a nPr ov i nc ea ndt hef our t hl a r ges tt own i nS oma l i a . Bel edwey enehasamos t l yr ur a l popul a t i on ( 79%) .I ti ss t r at egi c al l yl oc at edonamaj or t r adegat ewayands oc i alc r os s r oadst hat c onnec tt hec ount r yt ot henor t hands out h aswel l aseas t er nEt hi opi a.
DI SE ASE S DE PRE SSI ON I NE CONOMY
ST RE SSON RE SOURCE S
1. 7LAKHS
F AMI NE
VUL NE RABI L I T Y
CI VI LUNRE STT E RRORI ST SGROUPSANDMORE
URBAN 2 1 %
RURAL
Thec ont i nui ngc hal l engepos edbyal Shabaabc ompl i c at est het as koft heSomal i Feder al Gov er nment .Al Shabaabhasbeens queez edi nt oanar ci nt hemi ddl eofSomal i a.I tr el i es ont er r or i s m,s ui c i debombi ngs ,andt ar get edas s as s i nat i onsi nc i t i es ,i nc l udi ngt hec api t al ofMogadi s hu.I tmak esf r equentus eofi mpr ov i s edex pl os i v edev i c esons uppl yr out est o ar easl i ber at edf r om al Shabaabandhass t eppedupt henumberofat t ac k si tc onduc t s i ns i denei ghbor i ngKeny a.
7 9 %
The r egi on i s al s o a br ea dba s k etf or a gr i c ul t ur a la ndl i v es t oc kpr oduc t i on.Smal l s i z ef ar mer sc ul t i v at e mai z e,s oy beans , gr oundnut s ,s es ameands unf l owers eeds whi l el ar ges c al ef ar mer sc ul t i v at eal ar ge v ar i et yofv eget abl e and f r ui t sf orex por t i nc l udi ngmangoes ,wat ermel ons ,papay a, gr apef r ui t sandmor e. Bel edwey enei smos t l yhott hr oughoutt he y ea r wi t hout muc h f l uc t uat i on i n t emper at ur e.E x t r emer a i nsoc c urdur i ngt he mont hsofApr i l , Ma ya ndOc t ober .Ther es t oft hey eart her ei sv er yl i t t l eornor ai natal l .
MI GRA T I ON
HI GHST AKEON L I VE L I HOOD F L OODS
DROUGHT CL I MA T E CHANGE
Somal i ahasapol i c ef or c eofabout7, 000.Duet ol ac koff undi ngandr es our c es ,i ti sl i t t l e mor et hanaguar df or c ef orel i t es .I ti sunabl et ooper at ef r eel yout s i deMogadi s huand s omet i mesc annotmov es af el ywi t hi nt hec i t y .
GDP( PP)$600
KOOSHI N HOWLWADAAG
BE L E DWYE NE-F L OODS Thi s map i l l us t r at es s at el l i t edet ec t ed f l ood wat erex t entwi t hi nt het ownofBel etWey neas onApr i l 30,2018. Theent i r et owni sc ompl et el yaf f ec t edbyt he f l oods .Mor et han 50% oft het own i st ot a l l y i nunda t ed, bei ng t he di s t r i c t s of Bul ahbl ey , Legend Budawey n,Dhagahj ebi s ,Hi l ac ,Hi ndab and T ot a l l y Lamagal ayRegi onalMi l i t ar yBas edc ompl et el y ooded s ubmer gedi nwat er .Ar easofpar t i al l yf l ooded Pa r t i a l l y o o d e d di s t r i c t spr es entaf f ec t edr oadsandbui l di ngs .
CHAL L E NGE SF ACE DBYRE SI DE NT S Themai nc hal l enger epor t edbyr es i dent swer et hef l oods( 28%) . Manyoft hes ec hal l engesar ei nt er l i nk ed.Res i dent shi ghl i ght ed t hatt he oodsi mpededt hem t of ol l owt hei rus ua l empl oy ment ,and t hatt he c ur f ew i mpos ed af t ert he f l oods r es t r i c t ed ac c es st o mar k et sandt heabi l i t yt of i ndal t er nat i v ei nc omes our c es .
XAAWOT AKO BUUNDOWE YN
Aver age per ci pi t at i on
Aver agel ow t emper at ur e
Aver agehi gh t emper at ur e
PHYSI OL OGYOFT HERI VE R
Dec Nov Oc t Sep Aug J ul J un May Apr
The r i v er get ss l owed downatt hepor t i onofi t s bends and c ur v es . Howev erdur i ngt i mesof f l oods ,t he r i v er f l ows s t r ai ght and br eac hes t hebank .Thi sl eadst o f l oodi ng.
Mar Feb J an
Veget at i on c an al s o be us edt oc ont r olt hef l ow ofr i v er .
The c i t yhasev ol v ed t hr ough t he r adi aldev el opmentof r oadst hatr adi at eout war df r om t hebendsoft her i v er .5 hous eswi t hc our t y ar dsand open s pac esar ec l us t er ed t oget herabut t edbynar r owr oads ofwi dt h3m.
XaawoTaak o,t hepl annedpor t i onoft hec i t yf ol l owsagr i di r on pat t er nwi t hs t andar dpl ots i z esof50m x30m.Si t uat edont he Eas ts i deoft hec i t y ,i tc ons i s t sofonec l anandhous est heAl Shabaabmi l i t ant s .
Si t eAr ea-1. 65s q. k m Nat ur eofs et t l ement-Cl us t er sofhous eswhi c har emos t l y t empor ar ywi t ht hat c hort i ns heetr oof i ng
BE L E DWE YNE
On ed a yi nt h el i f eo f . . . .
CE L E BRA T I NGL I F EANDHOPE
Adayf orMar yam begi nswi t hscr ambl i ngf orwat erandsl owl ygat her i ng t wi gst ocookt heday’ sf ood.Ast he ment r udgeof ft omi l i t antcampsor t empor ar yl abour ,t hewomenengage i nhousehol dwor k.Communi t yl ear ni ngi shel df ort hechi l dr enast her e ar enopr operschool s.Theeveni ng pr oceedswi t hmor escour gi ngf or wat er ,wi t hnosur emealf ort heni ght . Asni ghtset si n,t hehousesar e cl eanedt owar dof fmosqui t oesand noonest r aysoutf orf earofr ape,assaul tandr obber y.
Cur r ent l y,r ef ugeecampsof f ert empor ar yshel t erwi t hnosani t at i onandwat er f aci l i t i es.Smal lmoundshousi ng23peopl ear eputupi npl ot sofempt yl and andt hi si saf f ect edmor edur i ngt i mesofdi sast er s.
Thememor i alcel ebr at es t het r ansi t i onbet weencel ebr at i ngl i f eandr emember i ngt hedead.Theper f or at i onsi nt hewal ldepi ct t het r ansi t i ont owar ds hope,f i nal l yl eadi ngt oa pl at f or mf orcel ebr at i ngas Somal i ansar eknownf or t hei rmusi c.At ext ur ed wal ldepi ct i ngwat er showssacr edness.
Per f or at i onsi nt hewal l gr adual l ybecomi ngmor e
Wal lwi t hnamesoft he deadengr avedand hi st or yoft hewar s
Aper f or mancespace f orcongr egat i on
DE SI GNE VOL UT I ON The desi gn begi ns wi t ha set t l ement l evel pl anni ng and t r ansl at es t hr ough t he whol ecommuni t ywhi chcan ber epl i cat edasamodel .
CL UST E RPL ANNI NG The l ocalset t l ement s ar e pl anned i n cl ust er s,cl osel y kni t ,butwi t h ampl e open space,bounded by shr ubs andt r ees.Thehi er ar chyi n t hecl ust er s
COE XI ST E NCE Coexi st ence i s enhanced by bui l di nghal fofeachcl ust erf or l ocal s t hr ough per manent housi ngandl eavi ngt heot her hal ff ort he r ef ugees t hr ough sel for gani si ngset t l ement s.
RE SOURCE S Wat er at t he hear t of t he cl ust er sandusi ngagr i cul t ur al l ands al ong wi t hi ndi genous pl ant i ngt echni ques
E CONOMY Mar ket s can be used t o gener at e empl oyment and economy t hr ough sal e oft he excess pr oduce and sel l i ng mat s,ot hercr af tpr oduct s.
CUL T URE Cul t ur al ,r ecr eat i onalspaces ar e mor ei n need t han ever whi ch wi l l hel p boost t he soci et y.
VI CI OUST OVI RT UOUS
Modi f yi ngt heavai l abi l i t yandnon avai l abi l i t yofr esour est oamor e st abl eandr el i abl el i f est yl e.
Pl anoft heMemor i al
RE F UGE EHOUSI NG
SI T E
Text ur edwal lsymbol i c ofwat er
Cat er i ngt oI nt er nal l yDi spl acedPeopl e andl ocal swhof l eet hei rhomesdur i ng emer genci es,t hi smodul ei si nspi r edby t hei ndi genoushousi ngt echni quemade f r om t wi gsandst r awmat s.
Si t eAr e a3 3 7 , 3 7 7s q . m No . o fPe o p l e-2 0 0 0
Thi n br anches cal l ed Dhi go ar e used t of or m t hest r uct ur e
Mat sar ef ast enedt ot he Thei nt er i oroft hehuti s hutf r om t het op. bui l twi t hmor et wi gsand onef orhangi ngcl ot hes
The Caw i s gat her ed f r om t hewoodl andand i nt er l acedt oget her
A si ngl el ong sheet cal l ed Gadaan i s madef r om t heCaw
A2f eethi ghpl at f or mr est i ngonwoodenpost si s pr ovi ded.Ther ef ugeesbui l dont hei rownmaki ng t hem sel fsust ai ni ngandsaf erdur i ngf l oods.
Ti mberl ashi ng det ai l
RammedEar t hFoundat i on
Du r i n gn o r ma l t i me s
PE RMANE NTHOUSI NG Fal agmats ec ur edon t i mberr ooff r amewor k
Thesi t ei sl ocat edi nt hel owerr egi onsofBel edweyne,i n HowlWadaagduet ot hel ocat i onofdi spl acementcamps, t hel owcont our sandt hepr esenceofat r i but ar ywhi chhas nowdr i edup.I ti sal soai mst oi nt egr at ewi t ht heexi st i ng communi t yandnotsegr egat ei nt oaspeci alzone.
L a t r i n eDe s i g n Lat r i nescat ert oever ycl ust erand f ol l owsadr ysyst em t osavewat er . Ther ei s no dependence on a sewersyst em ora pi ped wat er suppl y.The compostcan f ur t her beusedi nt heagr i cul t ur alf i el ds.
Di agonal l as hi ngi n pos t beam j unc t i on
Damas kwoodofdi a 125175mm f r ame, pac k edc l os el ywi t ht wi gs
CONCE PT
Pl anbel owpl i nt hl ev el s howi ngt hebar r el s whi c hc anal s obeus ed f ors t or ageofgr ai ns dur i ngdr ought
Ti mberr af tf l oor i ngf r om Damas kwood
Du r i n gf l o o d s
55 gal l on bar r el s av ai l abl ei nI DPs
Pl an Met al anc horc hai nedt o t i mberf l oor wal l j unc t i on
Sec t i onAA’
Co mmu n i t ys p a c e sa n d r e c r e a t i o nc e n t r e s
Me mo r i a l
Housi ngf ort hel ocal si spr ovi dedwi t ht i mbersour ced f r om cl oseby.Thehousewi l lf l oati nt i mesofemer genci esduet ot hebar r el sunderi twhi char eal sor eadi l y avai l abl ei nSomal i a.
t u r oVi t t o r i Ar c h i t e c t s WARKAWA T E R-Ar
War kaToweri sdesi gnedt ohar vestpot abl ewat er f r om t heat mospher e( i tcol l ect sr ai n,har vest sf og anddew) .I tf unct i onsonl ybynat ur alphenomena suchusgr avi t y,condensat i on& evapor at i onand doesn’ tr equi r eel ect r i calpower .
I r r i g a t e dF a r ms
Ma r k e t s Wa r k aWa t e rT o we r s
He a l t h c a r ea n d s a n i t a t i o nc e n t r e s
F l o o dRe c e s s i o nF a r ms Pol yest erMesh
Ast het oweri sbui l tupt oahei ghtof12m,i tcanbe pl acedi nar easwi t hl esshumi di t yt ooast heai r nat ur al l ycont ai nsmoi st ur ei nt heupperl evel s.The r el at i vehumi di t yofBel edweynei sanaver ageof 58%.
Du r i n gd r o u g h t
I tcanbeconst r uct edi n4weeksby8peopl eand pr ovi des40t o80l i t r esperday.Thest or aget ank bel owcanbeusedt ost or ewat erdur i ngmonsoon t oo.
Ra i n f e dF a r ms Pol yest erf i br e
RE VI VI NGT HET RI BUT ARY Thet r i but ar y,whi chi snotcur r ent l ynotbei ngusedt oi t sf ul l pot ent i al ,can be cl eaned,wi dened and deepened.I tcan ser veasani r r i gat i onchannelf oragr i cul t ur alf i el dsandal so al l owexcesswat erf r om t heShebel l er i vert oover f l ow.
ARE AST A T E ME NT
SOCI ALSE CURI T Y
Hempf i br e
Thr oughf ar mi ng,mar ket st osel lt hei r pr oduceandt hei rcr af t ,accesst o dr i nki ngwat erandcul t ur alspaces, soci alsecur i t yi sr est or ed,whi chi s t hekeyf act orbehi ndf or mat i onofmi l i t antgr oupsandconf l i ct s.Empl oyment gener at i oni st hr oughf ar mi ng,wat er management ,const r uct i onandcot t agei ndust r i es.
Ti mbert wi gs
RE VE RSI NGDE SE RT I F I CA T I ON Ret ent i onpondsar eusedt of i l lexcesswat erf r om t her i verdur i ngt i mes off l oodandal soser veasacat chmentzonewhi chcanbeusedt odr aw wat erdur i ngt i mesofdr ought .
Apl anni ngl evel i nt er vent i oncanbegi vent or est r i ctal l devel opmentwi t hi n10m oft het r i but ar yandr eser vet hatspeci f i cal l yf oragr i cul t ur eandf l oodpl ai nact i vi t yl i kepar ksandpl aygr ounds
Ri ver-15m wi de Ret ent i onponds
The vastf l ood pl ai nsar e used t o di ver tt he wat eri nt oaser i esofcr oppi ngar east ogr ow mai n cr ops l i ke mai ze and sesame.Thi si s ef f ect i vei nchannel l i ngt hef l oodwat er .
3m hi gh bunds t o pr eventf l ood wat er f r om over f l owi ng i nt ot heset t l ement
Apost i nt er vent i onscenar i of ort hepeopl e ofBel edweynei sexpect edt obeone showi ngsl owbutdef i ni t i vesi gnsoft r anqui l i t y.Wat eri sobt ai nedf r om t heWar ka Tower si nst al l ed.Easyt oaccessaf f or dabl e heal t car eandsani t at i onf aci l i t i esmakes t hei rl i f et hatmuchmor ebet t er .Met hods m l i kei nt er cr oppi ngandagr oecol ogi calf ar mi ngensur et hatt heyhavef oodt hr oughout t heyear .Congr egat i onofI DPwi t ht heper manentr esi dent sgoesbot hwaysi nt er ms ofsoci alupl i f t ment .