November 13 – 19, 2008 - Vol. XXXI, No: 10
What has been done?
Action = Results What did the Day of Action accomplish? THOMAS SACZKOWSKI National News Bureau Last Wednesday thousands of students in 14 different Ontario cities rallied against the rise of tuition fees in the National Student Day of Action. Now participants are wondering if there has been a reaction from the universities or the government. “[It was] an incredible success, there was over 6,000 students in attendance…this is an example of the frustration of students,” said Shelley Melanson, the president of the Canadian Federation of Students (CFS), Ontario Division. The majority of students at the rally attend Toronto’s 3 largest universities: York University, University of Toronto and Ryerson University. If Melanson’s 6,000 students attended the protest, that means that 2.4 percent of undergraduates from the three universities came out. “It was a high ratio for a rally, this round was very high in general,” said Sandy Hudson, the president of the University of Toronto Students Union (UTSU). To encourage more students to attend the rallies, UTSU “is going to continue with the Drop Fees campaign…and encourage more students to come out to the weekly Drop Fees coalition meetings and give their input,” she said. Monica Pham, a University of Toronto student, said that “one rally a year won’t be enough, it needs to happen on a more regular basis.” Malenson and
Hudson disagree; “it is a misconception that the student rallies are ineffective,” Hudson says. Malenson retorts that CFS “won national grants, this is a direct benefit to students. This comes from mobilization and from our membership.” There was no national grant system until spring of this year when the Federal Government revealed the Canada Student Loan System. LeeAnne MacGregor, a York University undergraduate, said she did not attend the rally because “[the] demonstrations usually lack a radical edge in terms of what message is being portrayed and how it’s presented…The lack of passion I’ve noticed at past rallies makes me feel like my convictions are being coopted by a more mainstream agenda.” Melanson said the rallies are meant to be accessible to students, families and professors. “What is key is exercising our right to assembly,” she said. At the rally, student marshals worked with police to keep the rally orderly, asking students to stay in designated areas. Hudson said she was pleased with the peacekeeping efforts. “The marshals were communicating with each other, they had training and they were instructed to make things as safe as possible,” she said. “It was a terrific rally, there was great attendance… we were expecting large numbers, but we weren’t
expecting any problems. This one was particularly well organized,” said Laurie Stevens of Strategic Communications at the U of T. Steven’s added that U of T will not change policy as students were demanding, but the administration will continue to work closely with students. Since the rally, members of the Canadian Federation of Students had an emergency meeting to discuss funding with John Milloy, the Ontario Minister of Training, Colleges, and Universities. “We have gotten the minister’s attention. We need continual engagement from the students,” says Malenson. “Nothing has been set in stone for future rallies. The 5th of November is a punctuation point. On every Monday night at 5 p.m., the Drop Fees Coalition holds a meeting in the Graduate Student Union Pub basement on the U of T St. George Campus. Hudson encourages students with concerns about the rally to“come and provide their ideas. We want to reflect students adequately.” As it stands, the rally may be over, but it is clear that the fight is far from won. How did the Student Day of Action do? Do you feel that protests of this nature are effective? Log on to www. thenewspaper.ca and let us know!
2 the newspaper
November 13 – 19, 2008
the inside
the table of CONTENTS
it’s a free-for-all! Calling all writers, copy editors and artists! Have you ever wanted to work in journalism? Would you like a chance to have you work published?
the newspaper is U of T’s ONLY independent newspaper, distributing across all 3 campuses as well as the surrounding community. This is an open call to all potential contributors. We want writers for politics, current events, sports, finance, arts and more! We are looking for creators to submit flash fiction, prose, poetry, photography, art, comics and anything else that falls out of your head. If you’d prefer to work behind the scene and help to edit and refine a weekly publication with 15,000 copies in circulation, then come see us. One more important thing: we offer free food! Yes! Come to our weekly open staff meeting, EVERY Thursday @ 5pm in our offices. We will feed your face! Awesomeness! We are on the South-West corner of St. George campus. Just North of College on Spadina. We want YOU to write between the lines.
the inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 the editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 the news . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5 the arts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7 the end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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the newspaper Publisher Matthew Pope
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the mission statement the newspaper is proud to be University of Toronto’s ONLY independent news source. We look to our readers and contributors to ensure we provide a consistently superior product. Our purpose is to provide a voice for university students, staff, faculty and U of T’s extended community. This voice may at times be irreverent but it will never be irrelevant.
write between the lines
Frustratingly, you can’t always get what you want
Apparently, if you try sometimes you just might get what you need.
the newspaper 3
November 13 – 19, 2008
BEER • WINGS • POOL • JAVA SPORTS • JUKEBOX • SPIRITS EVENTS • OPEN STAGE • GAMES
the editorial I hate People Protest this MATHIAUS POE
The views and opinions expressed here are barely those of the author and not representative of the newspaper, its parent company Planet Publications or its helpless minions.
Opinion Column Bureau
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Civil action, peaceful demonstration, protesting; no matter what you choose to call it, exercising the right to free assembly and demonstration has become an integral part of the post-secondary experience. You would be no more surprised to see a group of students holding placards and chanting than you would to see [insert clever, offensive analogy here]. Before I go any further, let me be clear, I am a firm believer in the rights of demonstration and peaceful assembly. In fact I might even go so far to argue, as some do, that we have a moral obligation to periodically exercise these rights in order to preserve them, and because there are far too many who cannot. But I have to ask: how often should we really act in this way and what effect do these public rallies actually have? Do they accomplish anything more than providing an excuse to skip class and hold-up traffic? U of T has had some mixed experiences with civil action in 2008. The community here has seen a widespectrum of protests ranging from controversial sit-ins to co-opted messages to well-organized marches. To me this indicates one thing for sure: just because you CAN doesn’t mean you SHOULD. The newspaper has published some basic guidelines for protesting (November 6th issue) that it appears some people have yet to discover. Student protests are already stigmatized as frivolous or redundant, and when one receives multiple reports of clouds of pot-smoke emanating from the demon-
stration (as I did) it doesn’t exactly help the credibility issue. The Canadian Federation of Students (CFS) and the University of Toronto Student’s Union (UTSU) have been actively engaged in protesting rising tuition fees for decades; but what have all those marches and smoke-ins accomplished? According to Stats Canada, university
students have seen “an annual average increase of 4.4% over the tuition… paid in 1998/1999. In contrast, inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), rose at an annual average rate of 2.3% between 1998/1999 and 2007/2008.” For the period 1990/91 through 2003/04 tuition rose at an average annual rate of 8.05%, compared to the 1.9% inflation rate measured by the CPI over the same period. In plain English this means that, not only have tuition fees increased annually since 1990 (often in the double-digit
percentile) but that rate has always exceeded inflation; so the defense of these increases becomes a lot more difficult. None of this is to say that student action is pointless but… am I the only one who’s taken the time to look at these numbers? They tell me that whatever is being done to fight tuition fee increases ISN’T WORKING! As much fun as it is to get out in a group to march and shout, it is time to look at some new and innovative approaches to the problem. It is time to question the paradigmatic framework of student action. For starters, the estimated 6,000 students at the Day of Action rally represent only a tiny fraction of the university community in Toronto (2.4%). Where were the rest? Not only was the event ineffective, but unrepresentative. Instead, students need to start acting with their votes. The 18-25 crowd consistently has the lowest showing at the poles of ANY demographic. Consequently, the powersthat-be have no reason to respect this demographic’s views; the politicians know that 18-25 year-olds don’t vote. I strongly urge all individuals and student groups to make your concerns major election issues; flood your MP’s office with letters and then follow through with your ballots. Marching may build camaraderie, but voting (at every level) and letters build change.
Come trip the light fantastic the newspaper delivers far-out Awesome The newspaper is proud to announce our latest and greatest contest: tripping the light! We’re offering you the opportunity to get buzzed, drug-free, thanks to Brion Gysin’s “Dream Machine”. From November 27-28th,11pm-6pm, the newspaper will be hosting the official Dream Machine in our offices! The award-winning documentary, FLicKeR, is coming to Toronto, and the newspaper is offering the university community exclusive access to this mysterious device. But wait, there’s more! The first 10 people to experience the “Dream Machine” and then be able to name the director of “FLicKeR” will win a pair of tickets to the newspaper’s screening of FLicKeR at the Bloor Cinema on December 4th. Tickets are also available from the Bloor Cinema Box office. FLicKeR - which won a Special Jury Prize for Canadian Documentary at the 2008 Hot Docs Festival, and which has wowed audiences at festivals around the world - is the story of the influential Canadian artist and mystic Brion Gysin
CONTEST!
(1916-1986) and his amazing invention, the “Dream Machine,” which he believed would revolutionize human consciousness. Great artists like William S. Burroughs, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth’s Lee Ranaldo, DJ Spooky and Kurt Cobain all had a “Dream Machine” of their own; now its OUR turn! The concept is simple – a bright light is placed inside a rotating cylinder with patterned holes until a pulse of between 8-13 Hz is achieved. This is the exact frequency of alpha waves in the brain – the brain waves associated with creativity and dreaming. Subjects report seeing shapes and images, sometimes fullblown hallucinations. Check www.thenewspaper.ca regularly for updates on these awesome events. EVERYONE who comes to experience the “Dream Machine” can have their picture on our website. And the best pictures will be published in the December 4th issue of the newspaper. It doesn’t get much more fantastic than this!
4 the newspaper
November 13 – 19, 2008
the news Knowledge is power But not everyone has it SUGANTHAN THIVAKARAN Community Concerns Bureau On November 6th, 2008, a windy autumn day, the University of Toronto had the honour of welcoming Dr. Paul DiMaggio, a professor of sociology and public policy at Princeton University. He came to deliver a lecture entitled “How Social Inequality Influences Who Does What Online, and Why it Might Matter.” This S. D. Clark lecture was held at the George Ignatieff Theatre boasting a full audience both eager and interested in DiMaggio’s research. This audience included the son of Samuel Delbert Clark, the founder of U of T’s Department of Sociology. The hour-long lecture examined DiMaggio’s research and scholarship regarding the emerging inequalities related to Internet access. DiMaggio discussed how Internet access and use differs depending on the user’s education and socioeconomic status, deepening pre-existing power disparities between social classes. For example, DiMaggio noted that people higher up in the social hierarchy generally use the Internet to access information, taking advantage of this ‘free knowledge’ to further increase their power. In contrast, the less privileged have limited or no access, exacerbating
the inequality. Although DiMaggio’s research was conducted in the United States, he indicated that he has observed similar trends in Canada. DiMaggio emphasized throughout his lecture that the Internet is constantly changing and that more research is necessary to understand how these changes contribute to social inequality. Considering that a large and everincreasing portion of our daily lives revolve around the World Wide Web, from Google to YouTube, the socioeconomic implications of DiMaggio’s scholarship on access to/use of the Internet is an interesting and important subject. Maintaining an objective standpoint, DiMaggio considered both the benefits and dangers of this teeming pool of free knowledge; the opportunities it presents and the cost it imposes, depending on each user/individual’s social class. The irony is that even though this lecture was free, it was primarily advertised through the Arts and Science website - begging the question: Did everyone really have equal access to this information?
the campus comment HELENE GODERIS
The newspaper took to the streets to ask YOU: What do you think of the tuition fee protests?
“[The protests] haven’t worked in recent memory. Even the freeze wasn’t a decrease in freeze” Dan Epstein, 5th year Semiotics
“Tuition hikes? I say bleed the rich. I make as much money selling essays as I need.” Corrine Bredin, 2nd year Russian Literature
Is there life after God? Atheists may be alone.. demographically ANDREW GYORKOS Community Concerns Bureau Ronald Aronson posits himself as the champion of the invisible minority that is the agnostic community. This is a community that is impossible to oppress because many believe it has yet to be recognized. In a society where praising gods, even for minor blessings, is a daily occurrence, agnostics and secular believers often feel excluded since they don’t believe in any god to thank. On November 7th at the Centre for Inquiry Ontario, Aronson gave a lecture promoting his new book, “Living Without God: New Directions for Atheists, Agnostics, Secularists, and the Undecided”, which he hopes will demonstrate the potential for a moral and meaningful life without religion. His argument is simple: religion is an obstruction to all progress and it must be overcome. Using such welldeveloped European nations as Austria and England as examples, he believes that limiting the influence of religion is the key to the prosperity of a nation. He notes that the United States is a peculiar country. Although it is a ‘developed country’, it is criticised for the lack of a stable and efficient safety net for its citizens. The arguement is that this has, in turn, caused an unnecessary over-dependence on religion. People tend to abandon religion as their lives become more secure, but Americans still
cling to God. This, Aronson believes, is causing the country to trip over its own feet as it develops. A sound argument perhaps, but unfortunately Aronson is not very consistent in his intentions. At one moment, he claims to merely want a friendly sit-down between believers (of varying religions) and secularists to reconcile their quarrels; the next moment he advocates the complete abolishment of religion without a second thought. Catering to both the passionate and practical components of his argument in the same breath does his cause a great disservice, as those two disparate elements are rather volatile in conjunction. A blind zeal cannot be focused. Whether or not Aronson’s ideas are presented in an ideal fashion does little to detract from the impact of his points, if empirically true. Looking past his (perhaps ultimately futile) cries for political recognition of the agnostic community, the idea that progress and prosperity can be attained simply by a population growing out of religious dependency is an interesting theory. “Living Without God” might prove to be an enlightening read, as long as Aronson has succeeded in keeping his slightly wavering opinion on-message.
“I think tuition protests are very effective. Once people see how serious we are, they will start to listen.” Jordan Kinson, 1st year Political Science
“[Protesting] creates awareness, but it’s hard to tell how effective they are” Laura Purdon, 1st year Linguistics
“Tuition is still going up. I feel like we don’t have an effect on [fees]. Protests last year were so unsuccessful, they were a joke. I don’t think they’re being taken seriously.” Sarah Fox, 2nd year Philosophy
“I’d like to see more protests, I don’t think we see enough of them” Alex Livingston, Graduate Student, Political Science
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November 13 – 19, 2008
the news
cont’d
A planetary proposal Hart House is Talking about the Planet JEFFERY ROSS Campus Events Bureau The Hart House Reading Series: Talking About the Planet conjures up images of a new cold war. The audience is here to listen to a panel of five writers discuss the proximity of disaster to our current lifestyles and the necessity to immediately mobilize for change. The dome-shaped theatre could in fact be a bomb shelter, albeit pleasantly presented in velvet drapery and mood lighting. Another thought comes to mind as I look around: I may be the youngest one here. The planet may be in peril, but it looks as though most young people didn’t get the email - or it could be the cost of a ticket ($30). Most of us apathetic Gen-Y’ers know the deal: since the Industrial Revolution, humanity has gone out of its way to establish a nature-free society surrounded by concrete. With the lowest voter turnout in Canadian history, maybe our motto of late is “Change? Change what?� That’s what makes this conference all the more terrifying. Being a student means living within a bubble. Being eco-friendly is not at the top of priorities when lunch comes pre-packaged, meat is quick protein and worrying about the amount paper wasted in photocopying doesn’t even cross our mind. The first writer to take the stage is Adria Vasi (columnist for Now Magazine and Bob Hunter devotee), who delivers a rousing tirade against meat-eating, driving and vinyl whilst proposing neighbourhood green committees – a kind of witch hunt that points out your
neighbour’s environmentally-friendly dildo-using practices. The boogeyman she points to is the carbon footprint every action has a carbon foot reaction; meat-eating becomes just as bad as driving. Vasi has many tips to help consumers live like refugees, such as unplugging everything and showering as little as possible. She even has tips for a dystopian Christmas, just in time for the recession. All this can be found in her book Ecoholic. She finishes by frightening the audience, exclaiming “we are moving towards a cataclysmic turning point� – the type of fanatical rhetoric that would be expected at a G-8 demonstration. Chris Turner’s The Geography of Hope has more to offer than tofurkey. Turner exasperates Canadian conventions by presenting the audience with a tour of an eco-friendly planet, including the countries that threaten global oil power by being energy efficient and using sustainable technology like wind power. Canada, on the other hand, abandoned wind power in the 70s because it realized it was secondary to coal, oil and nuclear energies. Re-enforcing the stereotype that thin is in are two young authors, J.B. MacKinnon and Alisa Smith, with their fad diet book The 100-Mile Diet. On stage they declare the benefits of their diet as a way to get to know your community, stimulate local economy and get closer to the environment. The one-man think tank formerly
from U of T, Thomas Homer-Dixon, finishes the five-hour reading series with ideas of a future global civilization. He proposes that North America invest in sustainable energy and new technologies - the kind of ideas that shut down auto industries and cripple economies relying on subsidizing oil companies and assigning land for diamond mining. The five hour reading marathon is overwhelming and presents two scenarios we contend with: The government has our best interests in mind and may protect us from eco-indulgent countries like Denmark. They’re great new developments in the works for the oil sands and more
nuclear power plants. By conducting business as usual, Canada will continue to benefit while others fiddle with nature and fall behind. Our strategy for the near future is clear: do nothing. Or try. Change things locally. Take on the task that being handed to us whether we like it or not. First Nation communities like Grassy Narrows to Walpole Island have tackled and are forced to deal with environmental issues we ignore. Until those issues are on the doorstep of U of T and students request en masse some simple changes such as Ancient Forest Friendly paper, we could fail, and business as usual won’t build a planet 4.5 billion years old.
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6 the newspaper
November 13 – 19, 2008
the arts Ode to a ballad The Ballad of Stompin’ Tom LISA MCDONALD Canadian Music Bureau A military drum and an Olympic trumpet Open up the new 16-track CD from the Canadian flag-waver of country music, Stompin’ Tom Connors Two songs feature 2008 versions of classics which Celebrate Canada’s love of its national sport “My Hockey Mom,” an ode to “the mom I can’t forget” and “The Hockey Song,” a well-known sing-a-long anthem from 1971 Connors, born in St John, New Brunswick Spent his formative years growing up in Skinner’s Pond, PEI But not unlike American folk hero, Woody Guthrie “a drifter I will always be on the road of life” Some may find the work of Stompin’ Tom Connors JOELE WALINGA
Nothing more then a collection of silly novelty songs
Stampin’ Tom Connors
Songs that do nicely for getting drunk by on a “Sudbury Saturday Night” But for those who dig a little deeper You may be surprised to find your heart warmed By the wedding waltz of a lovely “Bride and Groom”
Heavy burn
While listening to a sweet and charming fiddle
In After the Fires
As you “dream of days and friendlier ways” on “My British Columbian Home”
BRIGIT KATZ
With songs about the “Lady Slipper,” a favourite flower of PEI And the birth of a mine in Timmins, Ontario Stompin’ Tom, at the age of 72, clearly still loves his country But with a great skill at yodeling to “Take Me Back to Old Alberta” You’ll also find an Irish hangman’s tale thrown in to the fray because “They hung young Kevin Barry on that cold November day” The Ballad of Stompin’ Tom was also a stage production Touring theatres across Canada this past year And to honour his contribution to our country The face of Stompin’ Tom will also grace a new postage stamp Due out by Canada Post sometime in 2009 Because how can you not honour a songwriter who sings “Hello there Chickee Poo I just fell in love with you” “you’re gonna be my new tattoo Saucy face and sassy clothes And where did you get those?”
Book Review Bureau Halfway through “Blue Gloves,” one of the short stories in Ursula Pflug’s After the Fires, the narrative changes from second to third person. “Symbolically [third person] indicates a more distant, less direct experience of life,” the narrator explains, “but distance is also freedom... and the first baby step to happiness.” Debates about the merit and detraction of third person narration aside,
“Blue Gloves” is actually one of the only stories in After the Fires that does not completely distance its audience. The others read like strange, murky dreams with plots so surreal that they become disjointed. Pflug attempts to emphasize the reality of her characters’ lives by placing them in hyper-fantastical situations, but what she actually does is mask the emotion at the heart of her stories. Promising portrayals of characters experiencing loneliness in a foreign city, the ache of losing a parent, and the thrill of new romance are buried beneath moon-carrying transvestites, killer rodents, winged babies, and an electricity-wielding wizard who lives in a post-office. “Blue Gloves” is one of the few stories that succeeds in resonating with the reader precisely because it is stripped of the fantastical elements that saturate the other tales. There is a wonderful passage in which the protagonist longs for the “mornings alone... [the] desire to eat bananas in bed... at three in the morning” that she had when she was single. It is beautiful because of its simplicity and inevitably leaves the reader wondering what Pflug’s stories would be like if they weren’t weighted down by absurd surrealism.
the newspaper 7
November 13 – 19, 2008
the arts
cont’d
Emotionally gripping
Waldo found!
Toronto poet’s first collection digs in
Where Waldo was
SHAUNA C. KEDDY
STEPHAN BUNDI
Community Literature Bureau
Community Events Bureau
Students needing a little fix of emotional meaning in their lives may want to pick up a copy of Toronto poet Dayle Furlong’s newest collection, “Open Slowly,” released in June. Sold by the poet herself at this year’s Word on the Street, York graduate Furlong’s book shows considerable variety; a book of poetry which is rich both in imagery, as well as in memorable, hard-hitting verses. The book is split into three sections: Impossible Permanence, in which the poems move through seasons; Tonic and Brevity, which deals with more obscure ideas and intense images; and finishes with Litany of Desire, in which the poems are more personal compared
to the second and third person perspectives often used earlier. The voice of the book is predominantly feminine, offering a range of tones that often catch the reader off guard with their contrast. Among poems about nature, “During Spring and Summer” is the title poem which is surprisingly sexual. It doubles well to be the title of the volume itself, conveying the delicacy with which one treats a book of such vulnerable thoughts and feelings. The juxtaposition of many romantic poems to dark poems such as “Flies” - which includes the metaphor “matted in a tangle as stray eyebrow hair in hot wax strips / pulled to reveal beauty” - is what makes the book so refreshing and real. Too busy studying for midterms to read poems that touch on topics from Dundas West to Costa Rica to rape to roses? At least check out the standout poem, “Hooks”, about friendships and the complications of growing up. It’s a topic many of us can relate to at this time in our lives; just as the book itself is.
Poet Dayle Furlong at “Word on the Street, Sept. 28th
Improv in Toronto, the self-described urban prank group, orchestrated a massive Where’s Waldo search last Saturday at the Eaton Centre. Past events include a dinosaur rights protest in front of the ROM and a dance party held on a subway car. The group organizes events hoping to create “something interesting to participate in or watch,” as member Cole Banning put it. After arriving at the Eaton Centre, I stumbled upon a curiously dressed fellow holding a conspicuously large Where’s Waldo? book. He was in the process of alerting an audience that Waldo had, to nobody’s surprise, gone missing. The audience varied in age – I saw young children and mature adults alike. Throughout the two-hour duration of the event, over 950 people found Waldo – an attendance Banning labeled as “amazing.” What the audience shared was their desire to achieve bragging rights. As the audience grew in number and in anticipation, the man implored us to go find our inept red-striped shirt wearing protagonist. Some of the audience ran, others stayed hoping for further information. The man decided to provide the remaining audience with a Faustian Bargain: he would provide a clue as to the whereabouts of Waldo to whoever could locate Waldo in an illustration. Suffice it to say, I failed. To further complicate the complication, Improv in Toronto used decoys to throw participants off track. I myself was fooled by a red-striped shirt dame in an elevator. “We had twelve fake Waldo’s,” Banning revealed after the event. I limited my movements between the first and second floor so as not to wander too far from the epicenter of the action and after 30 minutes, I bumped into another similarly dressed
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man carrying a book. He delivered the same spiel and after locating Waldo on the page with help from two nearby girls, I was provided a clue: “Waldo has exclusive tastes.” I was stupefied, but the two girls hurried off with me, unbeknownst to them, in tow. We arrived at the Indigo bookstore and there was Waldo, enjoying Starbucks surrounded by a swarm of people who had found him sooner. Waldo sat there for the entire two hour duration as people would periodically find him. Once my pulse slowed down following this Sisyphean ordeal, I appreciated that Improv in Toronto organized this impeccably. Cole Banning, however, saw room for improvement: “I think overall the audience enjoyed themselves, though I know many were disappointed with how short it was. That is definitely something we’d be looking to fix.” If this event was any indicator, I urge readers to attend their future events. Their mission statement and updates can be found at http://improv.3s1. com/index.php?topic=175.0.
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8 the newspaper
November 13 – 19, 2008
the end Lest we forget The newspaper attended the Remembrance Day ceremonies on November 11th. Several generations of Canadian forces personnel shared memories at Hart House. Meanwhile, at Queen’s Park, cannons were fired as Canadian forces stood guard. Finally, a soldier joined a young boy as they look on at the ceremony.
ALL PHOTOS BY CAROLINE GEORGE
11 of 8 BY STEPHEN NOTLEY