Issue 8: Turning Ageism into Sage-ism by PS Magazine

Turning Ageism into Sage-ism

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2015 ISSUE 8

The Good Work of

DR. JANE GOODALL

Are Health Supplements Just Snake Oil? ANDREW ZUCKERMAN’S

Wisdom of the Sages GETTING ENOUGH

VITAMIN D

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DEPARTMENTS 6 Remember When 10 Did You Know? 11 Health & Wellness: Choosing a Life of Purpose JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2015 ISSUE 8

Turning Ageism into Sage-ism

14 Life with The Eden Alternative: A Sage at Any Age 18 Dr. Lori: Living with Gratitude, Not Simply an Attitude 20 The Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging: Words of Wisdom on Successful Aging 24 House Call with Dr. Kramps: Vitamin D-ficiency

FEATURES

30 A Sage Anywhere in the World by Enuma Okoro

26 Information is Beautiful: Snake Oil? Scientific Evidence for Health Supplements

IN EVERY ISSUE

34 Andrew Zuckermanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wisdom of the Sages

42 The Good Work of Dr. Goodall by Christina Burns

Letter from the Publisher

49 Book: Hope, Entertainer of the Century 50

Games & Puzzles

54 Fun & Games 57 Horoscopes 61 Puzzle Solutions

OPPOSITE PAGE: THE QAZI, FROM THE SMALL CLIVE ALBUM (OPAQUE WATERCOLOR ON PAPER), MUGHAL SCHOOL, (17TH CENTURY). VICTORIA & ALBERT MUSEUM, LONDON, UK/THE STAPLETON COLLECTION/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES

64 The Last Laugh 3

LE T TE R FROM THE PUBLI SHE R In the spring of 2014, PS Lifestyle had the privilege of sponsoring Dr. Bill Thomas’ Second Wind Tour, a pro-aging theatrical endeavor that nourished its national audience with messages of respect and awareness for Elders in American society. As founder of both The Eden Alternative and The Green House Project, and as a tireless innovator exploring the terrain of elderhood for three decades, Bill draws from a deep reservoir of experience when he addresses issues pertaining to seniors and aging. One of the main goals of Bill’s tour was to challenge Americans to embrace aging as a natural part of the human condition, and to celebrate the inherent wisdom that comes with a lifetime of human experience. Unfortunately, conventional “wisdom” associates aging with a corresponding decline in a person’s useful life and, in today’s culture, any challenge to such ageism has little chance of attracting mainstream attention (unless it can be reduced to an image, an app, or a sound bite). Bill’s ambition to take this message on the road was an inspiration to many, and there was one scene in particular which has become an indelible source of perspective for me and for the thousands of others who witnessed the Second Wind Tour. While making the point that people would be more aware and appreciative of seniors if only their bodies continued to grow with age as much as their minds do, Bill walked out on stage wearing stilts that made him appear nine feet tall. “Imagine,” he said, “if every 75-, 80-, or 90-year-old man or woman towered over the rest of us. How much more would we look up to them and hold them in the high regard which they have earned?” This issue of PS Magazine continues that celebration of sage-ism, and we draw inspiration from giants like Jane Goodall and others who’ve learned to harness the power of time and establish legacies for the rest of us to admire and follow. Enjoy!

Sincerely,

John Polatz Publisher and CEO 4

Salon PS LLC CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

John Polatz CO-FOUNDER

Scott Fisher EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

Shelley Kondas PUBLISHER AND CEO

VICE PRESIDENT — ADMINISTRATION & LICENSING

John Polatz

Susan Polatz

EDITOR IN CHIEF

VICE PRESIDENT — FINANCE & ACCOUNTING

Christina Burns

Ranae Lewis

ART DIRECTOR

VICE PRESIDENT — TECHNOLOGY

Elle Chyun

Brandon Crafts

EDITORS AT LARGE

VICE PRESIDENT — BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Dr. Lori Stevic-Rust Laura Beck, The Eden Alternative CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Katherine Adams Dr. Melissa Kramps Enuma Okoro Cristina Nascimento Patel

Brian Goetz VICE PRESIDENT — BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Kristin Hinkson

PS Magazine is published by Salon PS Magazine LLC Salon PS Magazine LLC 55 Public Square Suite 1180 Cleveland, OH 44113 Phone: (440) 600-1595 Fax: (440) 848-8560 © 2015 Salon PS Magazine LLC.All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. To order a subscription or to distribute PS Magazine at your business, contact info@salonps.com

Cover: Dr. Jane Goodall From WISDOM by Andrew Zuckerman

DIRECTOR — PROCUREMENT & LOGISTICS

Kenish Patel DIRECTOR — HUMAN RESOURCES

Debra Moore

POP CULTURE, NEWS, AND EVENTS FROM PAST DECADES

Remember When... 1935

1945 Elvis Presley, The King of Rock and Roll, was born in Tupelo, Mississippi along with his identical twin brother, Jesse Garon, who died at birth.

The Chevrolet Suburban, which has the longest continuous production in the automobile industry, was introduced. PHOTO: COURTESY GENERAL MOTORS

The nearly month-long Battle of Iwo Jima that captured the island from the Japanese Empire was one of the bloodiest battles in United States Marine Corps history. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the only US president to be elected to four terms in office, was inaugurated at the White House.

1955

1965 The US’s first public health insurance programs, Medicare and Medicaid, were enacted under The Social Security Amendments of 1965.

Musician J.R. Cash took Johnny Cash as his stage name when he signed with Sun Records. PHOTO: SONY BMG/SUPERSTOCK

An estimated onethird of all American households owns a set of the crossword board game Scrabble, which was first distributed by the Selchow & Righter Company. PHOTO: ISTOCK

1975

Merv Griffin’s television game show Wheel of Fortune premiered as a daytime series on NBC with hosts Chuck Woolery and Susan Stafford.

The television production of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Cinderella, starring Lesley Ann Warren and Stuart Damon first aired, becoming an annual tradition through 1974. Barry Manilow had his first no. 1 single with “Mandy” (originally released as “Brandy” in 1972 by Scott English, the song’s co-writer). PHOTO: MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGES

1985

1995

2005

US Attorney General Janet Reno announced that she is suffering from Parkinson’s disease.

Route 66 from Chicago to Santa Monica, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, was decertified. PHOTO: 123RF

Businessman and adventurer Steve Fossett became the first person to make a solo air journey in a balloon over the Pacific Ocean.

Former host of The Tonight Show, Johnny Carson, died of respiratory failure arising from emphysema in Los Angeles, California. PHOTO: KEN REGAN/CAMERA 5/GETTY IMAGES

PHOTO: CARL DE SOUZA/AFP/GETTY IMAGES

The song “We Are the World” was recorded, which sold more than seven million copies and raised more than $60 million for African famine relief. PHOTO: BLANK ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGES

The popular video sharing website, YouTube.com, was created and started a revolution on the Internet.

Remember When... British Prime Minister Winston Churchill’s Funeral Was the Largest Assemblage of Statesmen

PHOTO: SUPERSTOCK

ir Winston Churchill suffered a severe stroke and after nine days, in which there was extensive media coverage worldwide, died on the morning of January 24, 1965 at age 90. An honorary American citizen (of only eight who have been awarded the honor), one of his lifelong favorite hymns sung at the service was Julia Ward Howe’s “The Battle Hymn of the Republic,” from the American Civil War. His funeral, narrated to the American public by David Brinkley, took place on January 30, Franklin D. Roosevelt’s birthday, and some Americans paid their respects by attending a service at Roosevelt’s grave in Hyde Park, New York.

The processional along the streets of London, January 30, 1965 9

DID YOU KNOW FASCINATING FACTS TO KNOW AND TELL

On July 1, 1941, Bulova Watch Company sponsored the world’s first official television commercial, which was broadcast in New York before a Philadelphia Phillies and Brooklyn Dodgers baseball game. The cost to air it was only $9. In 2015, a 30-second TV commercial played during the Super Bowl costs a record-high $4.5 million. Hank Williams used to call himself a folk singer. From the late 1940s, the musical genre now known as Country music was in search of a name. Everything from “OldTime” to “Oat Tunes” was considered, but “Folk” caught on quickly due to the success of the musical quartet, The Weavers. During the 1952 Senate hearings, Senator Joe McCarthy demanded that the Weavers’ lead singer, Pete Seeger, testify about his alleged Communist leanings. The music industry quickly dropped the “Folk” brand for “Country and Western” or, more simply, “Country.” Comedian Bob Hope worked tirelessly during his lengthy career. He entertained troops overseas in every war from World War II until the Gulf War. He also entertained 11 different US Presidents, beginning with Franklin D. Roosevelt and ending with Bill Clinton. Since 1991, the United Nations celebrates the International Day of Older Persons on October 1, which acknowledges the contributions to society made by those over the age of 60, and raises awareness about issues affecting the elderly. PHOTO OF HANK WILLIAMS: MICHAEL OCHS ARCHIVES/GETTY IMAGES PHOTO OF BOB HOPE : HULTON ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES

HEALTH & WELLNESS

Choosing a Life of Purpose by KATHERINE ADAMS

PHOTO: CUBIRD/GETTY IMAGES

hat does it mean to have purpose in one’s life? It certainly can be described as having a long-term commitment that keeps you going, organized by incremental goals that challenge you on a daily basis. But it’s more than that, too. To live with purpose is to have a sense of something greater than yourself and to extend your efforts to a broader community that benefits from your participation and involvement. It’s your ongoing contribution to a larger picture. 11

If you don’t know if you’re living with purpose, ask yourself if you are excited to wake up in the morning and satisfied with yourself at the end of the day, when it’s time to go to bed. If you are, it’s likely that something besides your own needs and well-being motivates you. You’re probably helping others in some way and you make a point of doing so. You’re living with a sense of purpose. A sense of purpose and its connection to a person’s well-being has been anecdotal throughout history, and remarked upon by writers from ancient Greek philosophers to modern self-help gurus. Much more recently, it has become the subject of scientific scrutiny. As it turns out, a sense of purpose is indeed directly associated with happiness and health. Studies have found that one of the causes of depression is the feeling of a lack of purpose, having no sense of why we’re here, or what our goals are. Purpose is also very good at predicting health in old age, according to Dr. Patricia Boyle, whose research team at the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center in Chicago has discovered that people who lead their lives with a sense of purpose were more than twice as likely to live 12

free of Alzheimer’s, even though many of her test subjects had the genetic marker for the disease. Moreover, the disease had slowed its progression in those with Alzheimer’s who had purpose in their lives. A study conducted by Dr. Patrick Hill of Carleton University, Ottawa, and Dr. Nicholas Turiano of the University of Rochester Medical Center tracked 6,000 people over 14 years, only to find out that those who had initially described themselves as people not wandering aimlessly in life, outlived those who described themselves as aimless. What was different about this research was that it showed no change according to when one found his or her sense of purpose; across the board, whether young persons or seniors, there was 15% less death among them. Many people have been fortunate to find purpose in their work and/or taking care of their families. For retired folks, these outlets may not be as readily available as a means to achieve that sense of purpose. In fact, once work is done and children have moved on to their careers and to raising their own children, many seniors are confronted with the potential reality of having their sense

of purpose literally disappear. Decreased physical activity, illness, and other factors contribute to feelings of helplessness. So what do we do? How do we find a sense of purpose in elderhood? The simplest equation is this: Your Talent + Service = Purpose. Even if we are no longer in the workplace or in the midst of caring for our families, we can put our talents to use. Most of us can find something that we’re good at and that gives us pleasure. Talents can be categorized into different arenas of life: 1. Creative outlets, making things with our hands; 2. Taking leadership and making things happen, guiding others, and acting as an intermediary; 3. Communing with people, visiting and offering comfort. Every one of these roles rests on a foundation of helping others. To help yourself at the detriment of others’ well-being is anti-productive to a sense of purpose. These are the big-picture aspects of living with purpose: to identify your role, talent, and what brings you joy, and offer it to others. How to implement them on a daily basis is a bit more difficult. It begins with identifying a core value you hold, and finding a way to put your talent

Your Talent + Service Purpose to use to the advancement of that value. Values overlap your talents, but identifying one that you are passionate about can help you hone in on specific ways to implement your contribution. For example, if you feel strongly about animals, you can put your talent to work helping them. If your talent lies in creative work, perhaps you’d enjoy making blankets for animal shelters. If it’s in comforting others, perhaps you would find fulfillment volunteering at a shelter or veterinarian’s office, or even fostering shelter pets. If in leadership, perhaps you’d enjoy implementing a charity event or organizing animal therapy meetings at hospices. Figure out what you are good at and how you use your talents and skills towards the advancement of your values. Set goals each day of the things you want to achieve, and you will find there are things to be excited about each morning that also bring you a sense of accomplishment at the end of each day. 13

LIFE WITH THE EDEN ALTERNATIVE

A SAGE

at Any Age by LAURA BECK 14

recently overheard a couple of women talking about ageism and the havoc it wreaks on older people. Doing the work that I do, I was smiling on the inside, pleased to hear this topic actually popping up in casual conversation and getting the attention it deserves. But then, almost in the same breath, the focus of the conversation shifted to teenagers today. The tone became scornful, and the words “lazy,” “entitled,” and “aimless” were peppered throughout the banter. The scene took me back to a moment during a conference, where I was facilitating an intergenerational experience. We had the good fortune to involve seven young people between the ages of 11 and 15 in this event, offering them the opportunity to team up with elders to learn their life stories. During our first day together, my co-facilitator and I overheard some conference goers annoyed by the presence of the children there, questioning whether it was appropriate for them to be there at all. Oh, the irony. Young people taking the time to learn about eradicating ageism at a conference focused on changing the perceptions of aging? What were we thinking?

More often than not, we seem to get confused about ageism, thinking it only involves judgment against older people. But this take on the issue is only one side of the story. To fight ageism, we have to be fully invested in the fight. This means combatting ageism in its entirety— ageist behavior aimed at youth and elders alike. Here’s the catch-22. When we advocate for ending ageism against elders—while simultaneously writing off youth— we actually exacerbate ageism toward elders. How can we expect youth to appreciate the contributions of older people, when we turn around and disrespect theirs? It only deepens the gulf between the two. The Eden Alternative teaches that loneliness, helplessness, and boredom are plagues of the human spirit. Sadly, we have ageism to thank, in part, for the presence of these three plagues in our culture. When we don’t take the time to really get to know each other as unique individuals, and we are content to compartmentalize people based on their age, we miss out on what they have to offer us: their gifts, talents, and wisdom. The bottom line is that no matter how 15

PHOTO: KONDO PHOTOGRAPHY/GETTY IMAGES

old we are, we all need to know we have something to offer, that our voices count. Not feeling seen, nor heard or valued, boredom begins to take its toll. Take the random shooting some months ago in Oklahoma of an Australian baseball player by youth claiming to be “bored.” While an extreme example, it’s a painful reminder that these three plagues, gone unchecked, are indeed deadly. When youth aren’t invited to give back, or to contribute somehow, some way, they are going to give up… just like an older person, who gives up talking, walking, or 16

eating in an impersonal care environment that offers them no sense of purpose or meaning. I was recently part of an event where youth and older people came together to talk about activism. At one point, we adults formed a circle around the teens. We sang their praises, told them how inspired we were by their brilliance, creativity, and passion. They all sort of glowed afterward. Somehow, they seemed taller; their eyes seemed to sparkle more. It was a simple gesture, but the impact was palpable. I couldn’t

help but wonder what the world would be like if moments like this happened more often. Picture this: What if towns and cities everywhere held monthly “Sage Circles” that brought together elders and young people to explore important questions about life and community-building? Imagine they are literally seated in a circle, Elder next to youth, and a professional facilitator poses a question about a current concern or issue. Without judgment or cross-talk, they are asked, one by one, to offer a brief personal reflection on the question at hand. Everyone listens quietly as each person speaks, and by the time all have had a chance to share, chances are, perspectives have shifted some, each a little influenced by the other. Do all agree on every point? No, but they challenge themselves to stay open and curious about what they might hear and learn. Having done this much, doors open and anything is possible. Assumptions and kneejerk reactions begin to dissolve, and each, regardless of age, has the opportunity to serve as sage. Some of the most inspiring and enlightening conversations I’ve

experienced have been those that have engaged both older and younger people at once. There is a kind of alchemy that occurs when the wisdom of elders meets the wisdom of youth. Together, the strengths of both experiences have the capacity to create a sum much greater than its parts. For every step we take to fight ageism against elders, we need to take an equivalent one for youth. For every elder’s story that you listen to, take some time to get to know a young person. Ageism against any age group will never truly be defeated, unless we simultaneously deal with how it affects young and old alike. Better yet, youth and elders are natural allies. They need each other, not just to navigate a harsh and challenging world, but to change it.

Laura Beck is the Learning and Development Guide for The Eden Alternative, an international, non-profit organization focused on creating quality of life for Elders and their care partners. For more information about The Eden Alternative, go to www.edenalt.org. 17

Doctor Lori Stevic-Rust

LIVING WITH

GRATITUDE Not Simply an Attitude

olumes of research shows that people who practice living a life filled with gratitude tend to be in better health, emotionally happier, more productive, and are more likely to maintain healthy relationships. And wait, there’s more: grateful people tend to be more compassionate with a strong desire to do for others in the truest spirit of “paying it forward.” It sounds easy enough to have an “attitude of gratitude” but it isn’t that simple. It turns out that there is actually an important distinction between feeling grateful and being grateful. When we feel grateful there is an acknowledgement of something good that has happened. The real challenge is to live 18

an active life of being grateful as a strategy despite adversity. Gratitude is not only about being thankful. It is about recognizing the gifts and kindness that are given to us. For those who consciously live with gratitude, they appreciate all that seems small and insignificant. They accept help and guidance without feeling weak and indebted. Their internal voice of optimism, faith, and resiliency is stronger. Living with gratitude is the key to coping and sustaining us when inevitable disappointments and painful moments come in life. Most of us can acknowledge that with age we tend to be more grateful. It is easier to let go of insignificant issues in our lives and to focus more clearly on what matters. The health rewards are significant: • Gratitude energizes and inspires, improving productivity and fostering creativity • Gratitude reduces stress and related medical complications • Gratitude enhances positive emotions • Grateful people have a tendency to be more empathic and to take the perspective of others, and are often rated as more helpful and generous by others

• Grateful people place less emphasis on materialism • Gratitude improves social connection • Gratitude reduces depression

DONALD REILLY THE NEW YORKER COLLECTION/THE CARTOON BANK

So, how do we learn to live with more gratitude? The process is not a passive reflection but rather about actively building resilience. Living with gratitude is morally and intellectually demanding work that requires contemplation, reflection, and discipline. In science there is a saying that, “neurons that fire together, wire

together.” That is, when two thoughts or experiences are paired together in a regular and persistent way, they become connected in the brain (for example, a peaceful scene and a relaxing thought). This is where meditation and positive thinking has its power. When we practice gratitude, it allows us to filter out views that are inconsistent with our vision of what is good. To live with gratitude is to remain mindful and aware of all that we appreciate and are thankful for in our lives. By rehearsing and reminding, the brain will remember. Live grateful.

“You’re wise, but you lack tree smarts.” 19

THE BENJAMIN ROSE INSTITUTE ON AGING

WO R D S O F W I S D O M PHOTO: ISTOCK

on Successful Aging

or the past 15 years, the MythBuster awareness campaign of the Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging has celebrated successful aging. “MythBusters” are adults, 65 and older, who have defied the myths of aging through their activities in the community. Over the years, they have shared their tips for other older adults on how they, too, can defy aging myths.

STAY INVOLVED It is a common theme among MythBusters that one way to age successfully is to stay involved in activities within the community. In doing so, older adults are able to stay engaged with members of the community while also giving back to others. “I love what I do and I love this community,” said Ronald Bell, an oral surgeon and athlete. “Anyone who lives in a community as long as Dinny 20

[his wife] and I have has responsibilities. We have taken from the community— our entire living has been taken from the community—and we feel that we should give back. There are three ways you can give back: volunteer time, money donations, or you can give of your abilities. Fortunately, I have the ability to do all three. I think of it as tzedakah [a Hebrew term that encompasses charity, justice, and giving back].” BE FLEXIBLE There are times when getting older brings about new challenges and struggles that we cannot anticipate, but to adapt and remain spirited requires being flexible, according to our MythBusters. “If you want to age successfully, you have to be happy and content. That can be a difficult thing to manage because life ‘happens’ and it keeps ‘happening’ as you age. And there are always going to be things you are going to have to come to terms with or overcome so that you can become more content with who you are,” said figure skater Carol Heiss Jenkins. “For that, I always remember what my mother used to say: ‘You have to be a good fighter.’” SET GOALS By setting goals and planning, individuals can continue to work towards achieving future successes while staying involved in activities that bring them joy. Sam Rutigliano, former NFL head football coach, said in order to successfully age “have an agenda, and realize that that’s not the same as ‘just’ keeping busy. I don’t have the calendar I had as a coach—that was a 168-hour a week job—but I do have the calendar I want.” AGE IS JUST A NUMBER MythBusters recognize that the key to successful aging is knowing that age is just a number. Having a positive attitude and recognizing that age does not define what activities you can be involved in, or what you are capable of achieving, can help you age well. To read more about the MythBusters, visit www.benrose.org/mythbusters. 21

HOUSE CALL WITH DR. KRAMPS

VITAMIN D-ficiency Getting the Vitamin D Your Body Needs by MELISSA KRAMPS, DNP During these winter months, I long for the warmer weather. My disposition greatly improves when it is light when I awake and it is still light when I leave work. These short days when we spend as little time outdoors as possible is a running joke with 22

INFOGRAPHIC BY DAVID MCCANDLESS/INFORMATION IS BEAUTIFUL

my medical colleagues; we referTWO to SUN GOOD MAINTHE TYPES OFISULTRAVIOLET warm winter vacations as “replenishing vitamin D.” UVA UVB Vitamin D is an essential vitamin our body needs to regulate the absorption of calcium and for bone growth. Without vitamin D, bones Ages your skin Burns your skinS 20 mins of daily sunlight can become thin or brittle; calcium but also creates (without sunscreen) and vitamin D protect against gives you a healthy dose D Vitamin osteoporosis. When bones are strong, of Vitamin D they are less likely to break in the essential for health event of a fall. TheTYPES best source of TWO MAIN OF ULTRAVIOLET vitamin D is the ultraviolet B (UVB) light from direct sunlight. UVA UVB Unfortunately, many of us do not receive a sufficient amount of sunlight each week throughout the year toAges manufacture the stores of vitayour20skin Burns your skin mins of daily sunlight You m Substantially more min D our bodies need. It is more but also createsheart attack (without sunscreen) to rec difficult for people with darker skin gives you a healthy dose throug victims survive Vitamin D to produce vitamin D—they require of Vitamin D if struck during greater exposureessential to the sun. Older for health summer adults are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency because their skin cannot synthesize vitamin D as efficiently, and they tend to spend more time indoors. It is important to remember that the sunlight sun’s rays do not penetrate themore ns of daily You must be outdoors Substantially glass of windows therefore expohout sunscreen) to receive Vitamin D heart attack sure todose UVB rays is only effective you a healthy through direct sunlight. victims survive for making vitamin Difwhen you are of Vitamin D struck during outdoors. ential for health If you are wearing summer 23

UVA

UVB

Ages your skin

Burns your skin but also creates Vitamin D

requirements. Fatty fish (e.g. salmon, sunscreen or clothing, the rays will tuna, mackerel), egg yolks, fortified be blocked as well. The best time milk, fortified orange juice, and for exposure (to face, arms, legs, or fortified cereal all contain vitamin D. back) to sunlight to manufacture If you sufficient vitamin is between the hoursSubstantially of 20 D mins of daily sunlight You mustto beget outdoors moreare unable (without to receive Vitamin sun exposure, the next bestD method 10AM and 3PM sunscreen) for 5–30 minutes, heart attack gives you a healthy dose through direct sunlight. victims survive is taking a vitamin D supplement. twice a week. of Vitamin D if struck during essential forto health Vitamin D3 is available at vitamin It is important note that UV summer stores and pharmacies and vitamin radiation is a carcinogen that is D2 is available as a prescription. responsible for most skin cancers. Most people can take vitamin D Because skin cancer is a major supplements without a problem, public health problem, there is no but there are some conditions recommendation for a “safe” amount and medications where it is of unprotected sunlight exposure contraindicated to take vitamin D. to synthesize vitamin D. The I recommend asking your health Vitamin D Council, a nonprofit care provider to check your organization dedicated to educating vitamin D levels (known as the the public on vitamin D, sun “25-OH vitamin D” test). If your exposure, and health suggests value is very low (less than 30 exposing as much skin as possible nmol/L), he or she will likely prefor half the length of time it usually scribe a high dose supplement for takes for your skin to turn pink. you to take for a period of time There is a small amount of followed by an over-the-counter vitamin D in a few foods, but not supplement for maintenance. If enough to fulfill your body’s 24

INFOGRAPHIC BY DAVID MCCANDLESS/INFORMATION IS BEAUTIFUL

TWO MAIN TYPES OF ULTRAVIOLET

Melissa Kramps, DNP, NP-C, GNP-BC is a board certified nurse practitioner in adult health and gerontology who earned her Doctor of Nursing Practice degree from Columbia University School of Nursing. She has experience in hospital medicine, primary care, and teaching. Dr. Kramps currently works in neurology at the Weill Cornell Memory Disorders Program in New York City.

HARRY BLISS THE NEW YORKER COLLECTION/THE CARTOON BANK

your value is above 30, he or she will make a recommendation about the strength of the supplement you should be taking based on the level and your age. Improving your vitamin D status may lead to stronger bones, a decreased fall risk, and possibly other health benefits that are under investigation. Take charge of your health and request a vitamin D level check at your next office visit.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mom?â&#x20AC;? 25

Snake Oil?

Snake Oil? Health Supplements Visualize scientific evidence for popular health supplements showing tangible healthevidence effects when taken orally bysupplements an adult Visualize scientific for popular health health effects when taken orally by an with showing a healthytangible diet. adult with a healthy diet. Infographic by DAVID MCCANDLESS/INFORMATION IS BEAUTIFUL This graphic shows each health probiotics supplement in a “balloon race”— diarrhea These images show each supplerelated to the higher a bubble, therace”—the greater thehigher ment in a “balloon antibiotic garlic use a bubble, thelisted greater the evidence evidence for the supplement’s blood pressure for the listed effectiveness (notesupplement’s the range ofeffectiveness (noton thethe range of effectiveness effectiveness bottom of the on the of the images). But graphic). Butleft theside supplements are only the for supplements are only effective the conditions listedeffective inside for the conditions listed inside the the bubble. You might also see multiple niacin bubble. You might also see multiple fish oil / bubbles for certain supplements. This bubbles for certain supplements. (vitamin B3) omega 3 is because supplements affect a This issome because some supplements heart disease cancer rangeaffect of conditions, but the evidence symptoms a range of conditions, but the qualityevidence varies from condition condition. quality variestofrom condiFor example, there’s fairly good evidence tion to condition. For example, there’s strong that Green that calcium is goodevidence for osteoporosis in coconut oil Tea is goodwomen for cholesterol levels postmenopausal but evidence obesity evidence effects for its anti-cancer for itsbut anti-cancer is less so. zinc effects is conflicting. This visualization generates itself colds This visualization generates itself from abstracts of over 1,500 studies of from abstracts of over 1,500 studies human trials (no non-human trials were creatitne of human trials (no non-human considered) on the National Institute of cognition trials were considered) on the NaHealth’s PubMed (USofNational tional Institute Health’sLibrary PubMed Popularity (google hits) of Medicine) and cochrane.org, which (US National Library Of Medicine) hosts and meta-studies of scientific cochrane.org, whichresearch. hosts meSTRONG ta-studies of scientific research. 26

colorectal cancer

calcium

WORTH IT LINE

fish oil / omega 3 osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

anti oxidants infertility in men

vitamin D general health, all cause mortality

chocolate, dark blood pressure

ginger

calcium colorectal cancer

nausea and vomiting

melatonin insomnia for older adults

aloe vera diabetes

green tea cancer prevention

GOOD

PROMISING 27

Snake Oil? Health Supplements lavender depression

vitamin C colds

vitamin D

ginseng

depression

cognitive performance

green tea cholesterol

dandelion

vitamin D

tonsilitis

flu

cinnamon diabetes

caffeine skin cancer

INCONCLUSIVE 28

potassium blood pressure

vitamin D

wholegrains

heart disease

diabetes

chamomile bowel disorders

B vitamins Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease

ginkgo biloba dementia

lavender sleep, relaxation

fish oil / omega 3 Crohnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease, asthma, diabetes

copper Alzheimer's disease

aloe vera digestive aid, burns, cuts

SLIGHT

NONE 29

GG/AGE FOOTSTOCK/SUPERSTOCK

A Sage

Anywhere in the World A Global Glimpse

into Caring for Our Elders

by ENUMA OKORO

any cultures around the world recognize that with age, wisdom often follows. It is not uncommon to celebrate and revere the elders in families and communities for the wisdom and invaluable life experience they offer. Across the world, from the home to, in some places, the government, elders are honored with new titles, welcomed expectantly to live in their adult children’s homes, and even protected by laws. In America, the official age for being considered an elder is 65, while the United Nations defines elderhood as beginning at age 60. In cultures like those in New Guinea, the older a woman gets, the more value is placed on her increased life experience. There are natural events she has seen that give her wisdom and equip her to provide guidance to younger generations. In many eastern cultures, aging grandparents and parents live with their adult children for support and care, and are the head of the family— their advice is often sought and they are the decision-makers. In Japan, older adults have the suffix “san” added to their names as a sign of respect. In countries like Vietnam,

elders are considered the carriers of tradition, knowledge, and wisdom. Scotland’s “Reshaping Care for Older People” program states: “Older people are valued as an asset, their voices are heard and they are supported to enjoy full and positive lives in their own home or in a homely setting.” And in many cultures, it is considered inappropriate for even non-family members to address an elder by their given birth names. It is as though the longer one has endured the trials and challenges of life, the more respect one has earned. It is a beautiful perspective to see older adults as honorable members of society whose minds and bodies have weathered the world and now have wisdom to share with those still in the earlier stages of navigating life. Renowned anthropologist Dr. Jared Diamond has researched the ways societies around the world treat their elders. He found that East Asian cultures that adhere to religious and philosophical beliefs emphasizing filial piety (a virtue of respect for one’s parents, elders, and ancestors), obedience, and respect consider it honorable and morally 31

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right to care for the elders in their communities. Dr. Diamond notes how globalization and increasing industrialization have their share of effects on some cultures’ reverence to their elders. In China, the government recently issued a new “Elderly Rights Law” that instructs adult children to make regular visits to their elderly parents, regardless of distance. Those who fail to comply can receive fines or even face imprisonment. In the West, as recent as 2004, France passed Article 207 of the Civil Code, also mandating that 32

people stay in contact with aging parents. In a country like Sweden, where life expectancy is among one of the highest in the world, there are resources to ensure the care for the aging community. Municipal taxes and government funds pay for most of country’s care for the elderly. Sweden ranked first for treatment of its elder population in a United Nations report. The Swedish government is continually investing money to not only care for their elders now but has also appointed an official commission to address

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future challenges that might have an impact on the well-being of its older adult citizens, including funding for the infirm and ensuring sufficient pension plans. Sweden, followed by Norway and Germany, was best equipped to deal with the challenges of an aging population. The growing reality is that with medical advances, people are living longer and the number of older adults in the world will continue to increase. The way a society cares for its elders will speak volumes about what that society valuesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;

how it honors the accomplishments of its collective past as represented in the older adults in its communities. A society that prizes the insights, experiences, and wisdom of its oldest citizens will likely raise a younger generation to appreciate engaging with and learning from the men and women who came before them. Enuma Okoro is an award-winning writer and speaker who lives between New York City, Paris, and Abuja, Nigeria. www.enumaokoro.com 33

ANDREW ZUCKERMAN’S

W ISDOM of the

SAGES IN 2008, with the help of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, award-winning photographer and filmmaker Andrew Zuckerman embarked on a mission to collect wisdom from the world’s most inspiring elders as part of his Wisdom Project. Inspired by the idea that one of the greatest gifts one generation can give to another is the wisdom it has gained from experience, Mr. Zuckerman recorded the thoughts and ideas of fifty of the world’s most prominent writers, artists, designers, actors, politicians, musicians, religious, and business leaders—all over 65 years old. He captures their voices in written words, and their physical presence in stunning photographs. Mr. Zuckerman also created The Wisdom Film, a documentary that features his interviews with this extraordinary group of people. The resulting book and film provide an extraordinary legacy for generations that follow, and a timeless portrait of the common experiences that unite us all. To learn more about the Wisdom Project, visit www.wisdomproject.org. ALL IMAGES FROM WISDOM BY ANDREW ZUCKERMAN

Willie Nelson, country music legend â&#x20AC;&#x153;Be here. Be present. Wherever you are, be there.â&#x20AC;? 35

Yoko Ono, musician and peace activist â&#x20AC;&#x153;I feel that when you start thinking together, it creates a social climate. The more people focus on the same thing, the better. It makes it easier for things to happen. So community is very important. If the whole community starts to think about something together, it will happen easier and quicker.â&#x20AC;?

Esther Mahlangu, artist â&#x20AC;&#x153;When I grew up, I learned that you must respect the elders. You were supposed to understand that you are young, and the elders were supposed to give you the relevant rules and regulations.â&#x20AC;?

Madeleine Albright, former United States Secretary of State â&#x20AC;&#x153;It is essential to care about human rightsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that ultimately is the basis of our existence. The responsibility to protect does trump sovereignty. If a sovereign does not take care of his or her people, the international community has a responsibility to protect.â&#x20AC;?

Clint Eastwood, actor and director “If a person is confident enough in the way they feel, whether it’s an art form or whether it’s just in life, it comes off—you don’t have anything to prove; you can just be who you are.”

Billie Jean King, tennis legend “Tennis has taught me so many lessons in life. One of the things it taught me is that every ball comes to me. I have to make a decision. I have to accept responsibility for the consequences every time I hit a ball…. There’s discipline of life that you learn from tennis and other sports.”

Kris Kristofferson, musician and actor “The heart is what matters most of all. The act of compassion, of being able to put yourself in somebody else’s shoes and to try to avoid any kind of harm to any other human being would be the best thing that could happen in the world.”

THE GOOD WORK OF

DR. GOODALL Jane Goodall, champion of the endangered chimpanzees and the environment, UN Messenger of Peace, and founder of the Jane Goodall Institute, is more dedicated than ever to leave behind more than her own legacy. by CHRISTINA BURNS

The touch—an exquisite moment for Jane Goodall—came when a chimpanzee she had never seen before reached out his hand to her. Jou Jou, a full-grown chimpanzee, had been caged alone for years in the Brazzaville Zoo, Republic of Congo. He was desperate for contact with other living beings. PHOTO: MICHAEL NICHOLS/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE

Jane Goodall in 1964.

video called “Wounda’s Journey” (sometimes called “Gratitude”) has made its way around the Internet and the local news channels. In it, a rescued chimpanzee is released from a cage into the jungle. The chimp runs out and takes in the new surroundings, as her human caregivers stand back in anticipation. Then the chimp hops onto the top of her cage and you spot the familiar figure of Jane Goodall among the humans, just before the chimp gives her a dramatic embrace. It’s difficult to deny the connection this animal feels towards Dr. Goodall. At the same time, it’s undeniable how “human” the chimp’s actions are as we empathize 44

with her newfound freedom. Before the time of Jane Goodall, our understanding of chimpanzees was so minimal that this scene would have been shocking rather than emotionally charged. Jane Goodallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life story has ultimately been the fulfillment of her childhood dream. Her youngest years were spent reading books about wild animals, Tarzan, and Dr. Doolittle. And her fondness for the chimpanzees was first Jane Goodall today. discovered when her father gave anthropologist and paleontologist her Jubilee, her beloved stuffed Dr. Louis Leakey. Dr. Leakey was chimpanzee toy. In 1957, her fate in search of someone to begin a was sealed when she was invited to study of chimpanzees as little was stay at a friendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family farm in known about these primates, and Kenya, leading her to the famed STUART CLARKE/REXUSA

Glitter watches her sister Gaia fish for termites at Gombe Stream National Park.

to gain insight into man’s evolutionary past. Up until that time, Dr. Goodall had no college education, but Dr. Leakey believed that a mind uncluttered by academia would yield a fresh perspective, and he was taken by her patience and persistent desire to understand animals. In 1960, she began her 55-year study of the social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park in what is now Tanzania, East Africa. At the time, she had no idea her coming efforts would redefine the relationship between humans and animals, or that the project would continue into the 21st century. 46

At first, she observed from a distance with binoculars, and gradually the chimps allowed her closer. She made several important observations in that first year alone: that chimps hunt and eat animals, disproving that they are primarily vegetarians, and that they have the knowledge and ability to make tools and use them for a specific purpose. Until then, it was thought that humans were the only species to work with tools of their own design. Her continuing studies revealed that the animals have distinct personalities, minds, and emotions. They have lasting chimpanzee family relationships and “adopt” orphaned young. One unsettling discovery made was that they engage in primitive and brutal warfare, and Dr. Goodall recorded a “four-year war” among them that began in 1974. “The most interesting thing that I’ve learned about chimpanzees is how like us they are,” says Dr. Goodall. “They’re like us biologically and in their behavior. They kiss, embrace, hold hands, pat one another on the back, and they show love and compassion.

And they also show violence and have a kind of primitive warfare. So what we learn from them is that we are so like them. And yet, we can also say, ‘Ah, but we’re different.’ And it’s because the chimpanzees are so like us that we say what makes us different, what makes us unique. And I think it’s the explosive development of our intellect.” In 1961, Dr. Goodall entered Cambridge University as a Ph.D. candidate, one of the very few people to be admitted without a college degree, eventually earning her Ph.D. in ethology. Dr. Goodall’s work opened a window to the world of chimpanzees. In her many books, particularly In the Shadow of Man and Through a Window, people are on a firstname basis with the chimpanzees of Gombe. When Gombe’s greatest mother, Flo, died in 1972, The London Times printed an obituary. In 1977, Dr. Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute, which is dedicated to improving the environment of all living things, supporting the continuing research at Gombe, and protecting chimpanzees and their habitats. One method for

ensuring lasting conservation is the organization’s efforts to help villagers with their most immediate needs such as water and sanitation facilities, HIV/AIDS counseling, and healthcare, and to foster livelihoods that do not harm the environment. The Institute’s global youth program, Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots program, was created to ensure that their conservation efforts last beyond the current generation. Roots & Shoots gives young people of all ages a better understanding of the issues and challenges that affect their immediate community, and inspires them to connect with each other and become environmental and humanitarian leaders. Dr. Goodall continues to work an average of 300 days per year to visit schoolchildren and at speaking engagements about the threats facing chimpanzees, environmental crises, and her reasons for hope that mankind will ultimately solve the problems it has imposed on the earth. “Every individual matters,” she says. “Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.” 47

HOW TO BE A CONSERVATOR Below are some suggestions for simple actions you can take to contribute to plant and habitat conservation. Don’t try to adopt all these practices at once—set reasonable goals for yourself, perhaps one a week, or one a month. 1. Use sponges or dishcloths for cleaning, rather than paper towels. You can sanitize sponges by putting them in the dishwasher or microwave. 2. Wash your clothes in cold water to use less energy. 3. Use canvas or cloth bags instead of paper or plastic. 4. Use natural cleaning products. Visit www.eartheasy.com to buy products or find a list of homemade alternatives. 5. Eliminate junk mail. Visit www.catalogchoice.com or www.41pounds.org to sign up for services that will help you put a stop to unwanted mail. 6. Only purchase coffee that has been shade-grown. Two popular brands are Keurig Green Mountain Coffee and Caribou Coffee. 7. Recycle old electronics, such as cell phones and their accessories, digital cameras, and laptops through organizations such as www.eco-cell.com. Cell phones and their accessories contain a large number of hazardous substances including an ore called Coltan (columbite-tantalite), found in great quantity in the Congo, home to the critically endangered gorilla and chimpanzee and other species who are being killed by rebel bands mining this ore. 8. Grow medicinal plants in your garden or if you don’t have space for a garden, consider using a hydroponic kit, which doesn’t require soil. Visit www.unitedplantsavers.org for information on how to begin. For more information, visit the Jane Goodall Institute at www.janegoodall.org. 48

BOOKS

BOB HOPE: ENTERTA INER OF THE CENTURY

ichard Zoglin’s Hope is perhaps the richest biography written about the world’s most tireless entertainer, Bob Hope. Mr. Hope began his career in the early vaudeville days in the Midwest, leading him to Hollywood (but not until he was 34 years old). The exact moment that made Mr. Hope a star was in The Big Broadcast of 1938 starring Bing Crosby, when he performed his signature song, “Thanks for the Memory” for the first time on film with Shirley Ross. He succeeded through all mediums of entertainment, from his domination of the radio waves during

World War II, to his “Road” movies with Bing Crosby, and eventually landing in the medium he was most uncomfortable with, television, where millions would tune in during the Vietnam, Korean, and Gulf Wars to watch as Mr. Hope and his entourage entertained the troops during some of our country’s darkest hours. In many ways, Mr. Hope’s career was a direct response to the times, and lucky for us, he lived for a century. The book’s value as a historical account of the 20th century is just as important as Mr. Hope’s biography. In so many ways, it’s a walk down memory lane. 49

Illustrated by BB Sams

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FUN & GA MES

Solutions on page 63

CROSSWORD PUZZLE 1

12 13

14 15

ACROSS 1. Went in (7) 5. Paranormal ability (inits) (3) 7. Traveling through (3) 8. Entry documents (7) 9. Say again (6) 10. Large and impressive display (4) 13. Agrees with the head (4) 14. Allow to leave (6) 16. Part of a TV series (7) 18. Large, ostrich-like bird (3) 19. Definite article (3) 20. Prognosis (7) 54

DOWN 1. Green concern (11) 2. Ensnared (7) 3. Daily routine (6) 4. Air passage (4) 5. Woolly female (3) 6. Not take the blame (4,3,4) 11. Before birth (2,5) 12. Degree (6) 15. Single-handed (4) 17. Skating-rink surface (3)

WORD SEARCH: FAMOUS COMPOSERS Famous Composers

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LISZT MAHLER MESSIAEN MOZART SIBELIUS TALLIS VIVALDI WAGNER 55

FUN & GA MES

Solutions on page 63

1 2 2

SUDOKU Sudokuâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;also known as Number Placeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;is a logicbased, combinatorial numberplacement puzzle. The aim of Sudoku is to enter a number from 1 through 9 in each cell of a grid. Each row, column, and region must contain only one instance of each number.

LETTER SOUP Can you rearrange the floating letters below to spell out the names of various animals? Each letter should be used exactly once in the resulting set. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

9 4 5

7 6 9 8

8 7 2 6

3 2 6 3 5 7 9

1 7 3 4

8 5 2

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2015 HOROSCOPES by Chris Flisher

ARIES (March 21–April 19) The new year has arrived and the calendars have turned. Since you, dear Aries, are usually the one at the head of all lines, all the time, this may be an especially abundant time for you. As your ruling planet Mars joins Venus and Neptune together in your transition sector, you may charge into this period with a full head of steam. A long term project may be near completion and you are eager to start something unique and revolutionary. This planet alignment bodes very well for finally bringing one of your long-held dreams to fruition. Mars and Venus together, along with Neptune, may inspire you to tackle education and travel with an unprecedented zeal. TAURUS (April 20–May 20) Expect a lot of chatter in all things that occupy your leisure time. Hobbies, games, and other areas of interest may dominate your social calendar as you find yourself particularly motivated to mix and

mingle with friends and associates. Group activities are especially favored during this time. You may find yourself immersed in constructive, large-organization activities that draw you in with a sense of duty and purpose. Family activities may be grand and welcome as the planet of abundance and optimism, Jupiter, hovers in your domestic sector, and brings you the glow of deep-seated warmth. GEMINI (May 21–June 21) You love words, Gemini, and you love to explore. Your constantly curious mind is always aglow with ideas and activity. You may find that spirituality becomes a new-found interest during this period. You may already have a strong association with a belief, but you may find that you are more motivated than normal to delve a little bit deeper. You may find great rewards in all discussions that swirl around philosophy, ethics, and other intellectual engagements. You may step into this realm out 57

of your own curiosity or in an effort to guide someone else close to you. CANCER (June 22–July 22) You may spend time throughout this period re-thinking your investments and re-examining your income stream. Searching for more stability may lead you to explore alternate strategies that ultimately bring you greater security. This may be an excellent time to get an outsider’s objective opinion about all financial plans. After you are more comfortable and certain of your choices you may finally decide to take a leap and travel to a place that has long been on your list of dreams. Be sure to get all your medications up to date before you depart on your journey. It is always wise to be prepared. LEO (July 23–Aug. 22) Jupiter continues to hover in Leo and that may provide you with a certain added charisma. Not that you haven’t already got a special glow about you, but people may notice and listen to you more lately. You may want to pay special attention to your significant 58

partner who may be quite willing to open up a new dialog regarding your relationship. Rather than panic, you may see this as an opportunity to re-dress topics that you share such as values, beliefs, and even spirituality. You may find that you are growing closer and sharing more in common than ever before. VIRGO (Aug. 23–Sept. 22) This may be an excellent period for working with your partner or close friends on one of your dream projects. You may be especially inclined to see some of your ideas come to reality that may directly impact your daily routine. You may find that working together becomes quite a satisfying exercise and that you share a common purpose. Whether you are simply redecorating or planning another joint effort, you may find that things simply hum along pleasantly. While this may not always be the case, when this temperament does appear you may be quite appreciative. Your affection for each other may in fact deepen.

LIBRA (Sept. 23–Oct. 22) This may turn out to be a fabulous period of time for embracing a new schedule. You may find that shaking up your daily pattern, greatly shifts your focus. Sometimes all it takes is a subtle shift in habit to bring old things to life. With a renewed perspective, old patterns may take on a new excitement and luster. Like uncovering boxes that you forgot about in your store room, you may find great delight in rediscovering forgotten items. While you may approach this as a necessary step to lighten your life, you may find great joy in the process nonetheless. Old photos and memorabilia may look quite differently today through your wiser eyes. SCORPIO (Oct. 23–Nov. 21) You may be entering a very playful period coming up. Whether you decide to tackle a new craft or hobby or you decide to travel with groups of like-minded people, you may find that the times are quite fun-filled and particularly enjoyable. With that in mind, it might be important to surround yourself with young people. Youth has a

vitality that can be incredibly uplifting and buoyant. You may respond to this type of action and marvel at the wonder of carefree children. The natural innocence of a younger person may be just what you need to inspire your own creativity. SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22–Dec. 21) You may find that you are entering a period of renewed interest surrounding your primary residence. Whether you are considering a move or a new living situation, you may want to gather as much information before you act. While you may be quite motivated towards this ideal, be sure to reflect on all possible outcomes before you charge forward. Lifestyles may vary widely among relatives and friends, so be sure to have clarity before you act. The same may be true for conversations with relatives regarding any sort of change to your relationship and residency. CAPRICORN (Dec. 22–Jan. 19) This should be an opportune 59

time for financial research and implementation. While you may not have all the information yet, you may soon see progress in this area of your life. With that in mind, it may be particularly important to obtain as much information as possible before you do make a decision. If you are considering a change of some sort, be sure to obtain as much background details as possible. Not all plans return what they promise so try not to act impulsively. Back up your choices with clear facts. Avoid cloudy, ambiguous options. AQUARIUS (Jan. 20–Feb. 18) You may find that you are drawing quite a bit of attention especially with regard to your ideas. If you have plans for helping others and your suggestions are firmly rooted in progressive ideals, you should see great results. Be certain that you gain clarity on the resource requirements before you rush impulsively into any commitment that involves a contract. Your intuition may be guiding you in the right direction, but you may not be seeing the whole picture. It may be wise to get another opinion before 60

you firm up the plans. Either way, you may have a great vision that is worthy of pursuit. PISCES (Feb. 19–March 20) Be mindful of transitions at this point. Although that word may appear daunting as it implies an ending, be aware of the potential for a new start as well. You may have fabulous dreams that stir your ambitious self to great new heights. It may be important to regard your choices as significant steps towards a new future. You may be very motivated to implement new plans, but it may also be wise to gain as much clarity as possible. Your dreams may be quite vivid and profound. They may also deliver visions of where you could go and what you could do. Any time spent on background work should prove to be helpful. © 2015 Chris Flisher

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FUN & GA MES SOLUTIONS CROSSWORD PUZZLE SOLUTION E

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LETTER SOUP SOLUTION

4 8 2 6 7 5 9 3 1

1. KITTEN 2. CALF 3. FAWN 4. LAMB 5. DUCKLING

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THE L AST L AUGH

A Mother’s Letter To Her Son My Dear Son, Just a few lines to let you know I am well. I am writing slow as I know you can’t read fast. You won’t know the house when you come home. We have moved. Your father has a new job. He has 500 people under him. He cuts the grass in the graveyard. Our neighbors started to raise pigs and we got wind of it this morning. There is a washing machine in the new house, but it doesn’t work very well. I put four shirts in it last week and pulled the chain. I haven’t seen the shirts since. All the boys in school have new suits, but we can’t afford one for your brother, so we are going to buy him a new hat and let him look out of the window. Your sister-in-law had a new baby this morning. I haven’t heard if it is a boy or girl so I don’t know if you are an uncle or an aunt. Your Uncle Dick drowned in a vat of whiskey at the distillery last week. We cremated his body—it took three days to put the fire out. Your father didn’t drink too much at Christmas; I put a bottle of castor oil in his beer and it kept him going ’til New Year’s. I went to the doctor and he put a glass tube in my mouth and told me not to open my mouth for ten minutes. Your father wanted to buy it right away. It only rained twice last week: once for four days, and then again for three days. Monday was so windy, one chicken laid the same egg four times. I must close now as the plumber is here to fix the washing machine as it smells awful. Your Loving Mother P.S. I was going to send you $10.00 but I had already sealed the envelope. 64

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