Development Productivity for Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Genotypes
Omima Mohamed Abd El-Makksod
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Suez Canal University Faculty of Agriculture Agronomy Department
Supervising Committee
Prof. Dr. Mohamed A. El-Ashry-SCU. Prof. Dr. Tarek Youssef Bayoumi-SCU. Dr. Magdy Maher Mosad Mohamed-ARC. 2
Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) (2n =22) is an important fodder and food legume, primarily, cultivated in the arid-and-semiarid region of Africa. Cowpea originated and domesticated in Southern Africa and later spread to East and West Africa and Asia. 3
harvested Stages
Cowpea can be harvested at three stages: 1. Young and Green Pods. 2. Mature and Green Pods. 3. Dry Pods.
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Cowpea Used Cowpea Used as Food: •Young Leaves. •Immature Pods. •Immature Seeds •Mature Dried Seeds.
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Cowpea Serve as Animal Feed: •Stems. •Leaves. •Straw.
Africa’s Production
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14.50 million hectares of land is planted by cowpea each year worldwide. Africa is responsible for 94.00% of this area. Egypt: 10.000 Feddan. Average Seed Yield: 1-Ton/Fad and Forage Yield: 38-Ton/Fad. Africa’s Production is Used as: 1. 52.00% for Food. 2. 13.00% as Animal Feed. 3. 10.00% for Seed. 4. 09.00% for Other Uses. 5. 16.00% is Wasted.
Chemical Composition Protein (%)
Fat (%)
Ash (%)
Fiber (%)
Carbohydrate (%)
Fresh Leaves
22.00
9.00
5.00
25.00
39.00
Dry Leaves
40.00
1.50
15.00
15.00
30.00
Husks of Cowpea
14.00
1.00
11.00
20.00
54.00
Seeds
26.00
1.30
3.00
5.00
60.00
Samples
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Breeding Most improvement programs of many crops use Diallel Analyses as they provide breeders information on the genetic value of varieties as parents and to assess the gene action which can be directed at improving yield and other related 8
quantitative characters.
Genetics Molecular markers enable the efficient and rapid incorporation of needed traits from germplasm in the gene banks. From a practical standpoint for marker development, cowpea presents distinct features. 9
Objectives The present study, therefore, seeks to understand the gene actions and combining abilities of cowpea genotypes for seed and forage yields with the aim of developing a strategy for improving such yield traits. Development of a set of Retrotransposon-based DNA markers for cowpea. 10
Techniques Using Retroelements as Molecular Markers 1. S-SAP: Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism. 2. IRAP: Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism. 3. REMAP: Retrotransposon Microsatellite Amplification Polymorphisms. 4. RBIP: Retrotransposons-Based Insertion Polymorphism.
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Cowpea-Genotypes
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Materials Six genetically-divergent genotypes of cowpea used as the parents for the Diallel Crosses.
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Parents
Characterization
Origin
P1
White Seeds-Black Eye
Italy
P2
Light Brown Seeds-Black Eye
Egypt
P3
Light Brown Seeds-White Eye
Nigeria
P4
Red Seeds-White Eye
Nigeria
P5
Dark Brown-White Eye
Nigeria
P6
Buff-Dark Brown Seeds
Egypt
P8
Gray Seeds-White Eye
Nigeria
P12
Green Seeds-White Eye-Determine Growth
Nigeria
Research Plan The Research Plan under Consideration Carrying out in Three Phases: 1. to generate the F1-seeds (15+15=30) in a greenhouse at Forage Crops Research Dept.; Ismailia-Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia, Egypt. 2. to evaluate the Diallel Crosses and combining ability for forage and seed yields under field conditions at two locations; Ismailia & North Sinai, Egypt for forage traits and seed yield and its attributes. 3. Molecular Genetic Analysis.
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Evaluation of Diallel Crosses Evaluation of Diallel Crosses and combining ability for forage and seed yields under field conditions at two locations: 1.Forage Crops Research Dept.; Ismailia-Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia, Egypt. Flood Irrigation and Fresh Water. 2.North Sinai-Governorate, Egypt. Drip Irrigation and Saline water (Ranged from: 4200 To: 5400 ppm).
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Cowpea Flower Structure
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Cowpea Flower Structure
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Cowpea Flower Structure
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Selected)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Sepals Removed)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Petals Removed)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Emasculated)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Emasculated Flower)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Labeled)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Labeled)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Covered)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Crossed)
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Generate F1-Seeds (Pod Formed)
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Future Plan The Future Plan are: Establishing two experiments at two locations: 1. To Evaluate the Diallel Crosses and Combining Ability for Forage Yield under Field Condition. 2. To Evaluate the Diallel Crosses and Combining Ability for Seed Yield under Field Condition.
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In Addition to: • Development of a Set of Retrotransposon-based DNA Markers for Diallel Crosses.
Forage Traits
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Plant Height (cm)
Leaf / Stem Ratio
Forage Fresh Yield
No. of Branches/ Plt.
Forage Dry Yield
No. of Internodes/Main stem
Dry Matter (%)
Internodes Length (cm)
Quality Traits CP: Crude Protein CF: Crude Fiber TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients DCP: Digestible Crude Protein Carbohydrate (%) Fat (%)
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Ash (%)
Seed Yield Components
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Plant Height (cm)
Aboveground Biomass
No. of Branches/ Plt.
Seed Yield
Number of Pods / Plt.
Seed Index (100-Seeds Weight)
No. of seeds / Pod
Harvest Index
Cowpea Problems
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Cowpea Plants (Drip Irrigation-Saline Water; 4800 ppm)
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Cowpea Plants (Drip Irrigation-Saline Water; 4800 ppm)
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Acknowledgements The Research Work is Funded by Egyptian-Finnish-Project: "Enhancing Development of Water Use Efficient Crops & Production Methods to Dry and 36
Saline Conditions".
Thank You for Your Kind Attention
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