Application of Green Landscape Using Recycled Materials on Exterior Surface of Building: A New Persp

Application of Green Landscape Using Recycled Materials on Exterior Surface of Building: A New Perspective in Bangladesh Shamsad Firdous1, Shah Alam Badshah2, Bikash Saud Ansary2, 3, Kim, Sung-Kyun1* 1

Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea

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. Hamdard University Bangladesh, Hamdard City of Science, Education & Culture, Gazaria, Munshiganj, Bangladesh.

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A+ AA Architects, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract Being capital, Dhaka is the fastest growing megacity city of Bangladesh. As lands are used for the rapid and unplanned urbanization, the green lands are diminished and severe pollution is created by waste products.

Plastic, the most alarming waste at landfill sites, is yet uncontrolled. Therefore, initiatives must be taken to reduce plastic mediated pollution and increase green application. However, increasing green land is not possible due to the landfill by urban structures, thus it is worth to design green landscape on urban structures such as rooftop garden, vertical garden or façade garden. In our study, we have proposed a single solution to solve both problems by reducing pollution and increasing green revolution in Bangladesh. The project is successfully designed and analyzed to use recyclable waste materials to make tiles and paving stones, plastic pet bottles as floor, base, sitting place, flowering pots, sheds etc. which is also low costing approach. Suitable plants are also listed up efficiently based on the surrounded weather. For this study, a university campus has been picked which can be a good example for other high-rise buildings later on. The easy maintenance is also planned by volunteering student’s activity beside other stuffs for eco-friendly environment.

Keywords: Rooftop garden, Recyclable materials, Design, Bangladesh.

1. Introduction Bangladesh is a land of tropical climate (1) and rivers which are ended into the longest sandy seashore of the world; and therefore has been very well known for its green agricultural landscape and mangrove forest as well.

Recently, rapidly increasing economy has lifted a rapid growth of urbanization in Bangladesh. Thus ‘the green’ especially in the cities like the capital- Dhaka, is fast diminishing (Table 1) and rising urban heat island (UHI) effects.

green application on buildings as a part of leisure activity had been reported, these small scale practitioners are not sufficient against the UHI effect. Besides the decorative benefit, green roof or wall plantings may provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats or corridors for wildlife, and recreational opportunities (2). To see this plot in a big scale, lack of research interest and technological knowledge stands like barriers. As a result, the rate of developmental research is very slow and involves long interval. Recently, it has become the point of interest among the motivated researchers to a step toward intensive and extensive green roof designing (2) as well as green wall designing in Bangladesh. Another side effect of being over populated city, Dhaka is the most polluted one in Bangladesh. Although there many approaches are being developed for waste management; the plastic waste management seems to be uncontrolled (Table Table 2. Comparative Analysis of Composition of Waste at landfill Sites in Dhaka (3,4)

Table 1. The trend of green space declining in Dhaka city (2).

Year

Total Total built-up(ha) vegetation(ha) 1975 6585 5551 1985 <6250 >9000 1995 5687 >11682 2005 3992 16105 2010 <2225 >16105 (Estimated) 2020 0 (Estimated) >16105(Estimated) Therefore, design and application of green landscape on building exterior is an inhalation demand of time. Though a very few practice of

Waste Food Plastic Textiles Paper Other

Contact Author: Shamsad Firdous, Master’s Student, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Tel: +82-010-2934-5406 E-mail: sonnashinii@snu.ac.kr or mahdia2012@gmail.com

2).

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1992 84.3% 1.74% 1.83% 5.68% 6.38%

2005 78.87% 4.10% 4.57% 4.29% 8.17%

2014 76.05% 5.46% 2.50% 1.98% 14.02%

sq. meters, building foot print is 6828 sq. meter, foot print percentage is 68%. The rooftop area is about 2370 sq. meter, rectangular shape with 64 meter width and 37 meter length. The rooftop is 18 meter high from the ground level facing towards east with the main plaza, public square, which is connected with the main entrance and the Professor’s quarter in the west side. There is a connecting plaza from the north side to the VC bungalow at the south having a view of the river (Fig. 1, 2).

Our study is designed to create a single solution to shot out these major two problems of reduced green and increased pollution mediated by plastic. The objective of our study is to use recyclable materials for many constructions like shaded sitting area, plastic paving stone for garden path, metals like zinc drums as seat and last but not the least plastic pet bottles for aesthetical hanging plantation, plastic flowering plant pots etc.

1.1. Influence The site of study is selected in such a way that can be an example for powerful constructions to create examples for other commercial as well as residential buildings (5). In our study, we have picked Hamdard University of Bangladesh, which is a newly built structure, as a model to follow. Moreover, this practice will be very near to the students who are planned to work as volunteers in this project; thus the significance of community gardening can easily be transferred to other societies by them. And using recyclable material will not only help to reduce pollution and Urban Heat Island Effect (2) it will also reduce the total cost and make this approach reachable to everyone which is very important for developing country like Bangladesh.

The ultimate result will create an economic system of rooftop garden construction. It will also create interest among low-earning people to make profit by investing very low investments. This study not only includes design but also the influential steps of creating awareness and interest by making an economic, highly eco-friendly, low or no cost, easily available, light maintenance, increasing employment, fresh food source, partial incoming source, mental recreation in a community by utilizing and educating the young students. Thus, this approach of applying green landscape using recyclable materials which is never applied in Bangladesh has a greater aspect and significance especially for a city like Dhaka.

Fig.1. Targeted site (red circle) of study indicated on the master plan of HUB with site map.

2. 3. Site Analysis As there is no overhanging trees or tall buildings around, the Student and Conference Center enjoys maximum exposure of sunlight, humidity and wind.

The charming view of river with the breeze of the south side demands requires the resting/ healing zone of the rooftop garden. On the other hand, the north side is the possible noisy due to high way and the main entrance which demands to be full or semi-covered to make the garden more successful.

2.4. Concept and Program Based on site analysis and plan the concept for the garden design leads to seven major zones. As the university is specialized in “Unani” and “Ayurvedic” medical science which requires herbal plant research, a full or semi-covered zone is designed with the theme of herbal plantation in the north which will also prevent the dust and noise. The east side includes canopy tree zone with sittings steps which is open to sky connected with the healing/ relaxing zone of southern part considering the river view. The west part is consisted with the entrance zone with floral plants and water scape. The shaded sitting zone for resting or study comes into the center.

2. Methods 2.1. Site Selection The selected site of the rooftop garden design project is a university campus named Hamdard University Bangladesh (HUB). Currently, the construction of foundation level is going on. And the proposed rooftop garden design is planned for the “Student and Conference Center” which is the central building of the campus.

2.2. Site Inventory The HUB campus site is located in Narayanganj, 37.6 km from Dhaka. The average temperature of this area is 28 degree Celsius. Wind is 8 m/s, humidity is 79% and the elevation above sea level is 13 meter.

The area of Student and Conference Center is 10058 2

(7). The waterproof membrane is used primarily at the bottom. The filter layer is placed above the waterproofing membrane followed by drainage layer, filter fabric, soil layer and finally the vegetation layer (Fig 4).

Fig.2. Zonation of the rooftop garden.

2.5. Schematic Design The design process started with analyzing the fire flame and the burning influence (6) which reveals a wavy curved path which represents â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bightâ&#x20AC;?. The design also composed of random rectangles and golden rectangles which creates alliance to reveal rhythmic straight lines of different height (Fig.3).

Last but not the least; the final design includes overlaying the flame burned effect wavy curved path with the line composition formed following the pattern of rural agriculture landscape (Fig 3).

c)Final pattern of design Fig 4. Schematic Design (steps; a, b, c).

Fig.3. The process of design development.

The preliminary construction is designed and is being developed with all these pattern analysis alone with the theme or rural agricultural landscape of Bangladesh.

2.6. Construction Details For rooftop garden construction two application needs to be considered, waterproofing and garden assembly

Fig.4. Green roof detail.

2.7. Material Selection According to the aim of the project all the material that will be used for the rooftop garden is going to be taken from recycled waste materials. Among the basic materials - recycled plastic tiles will be used as roof of the herbal plan center and the shaded sitting area, plastic paving stone for garden path, plastic pet bottles for aesthetical hanging plantation in between different zones, metals like zinc drums which is a very common wastage material is planning to be used as sitting furniture. The herbal plants include Aloe Barbadebsis, Alpinia Calcarata, Datura Metel, Desmodium Triflorum, Dioscorea Alata, Hedychium Coronarium, Helianthus Annus, Heliotropium Indicum, Ipomoea Quamoclit, etc. The canopy tree includes some year round fruits like Punicagranatum, Psidiumguajava, Jujubietc.

Waterscape vegetation includes Eichhorniacrassipes, Pistiastratiotes, Lemnaperpusilla etc. As semi shade trees Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusatuldoides and as entrance shrubs Zephyranthes, Hymenocallislittoralis, Jasminumsambac etc. are selected to study.

2.8. Maintenance The regular maintenance of the garden like water irrigation or weed growth is aimed to be maintained through community participation by the users of it which refers the students of the university. And for the other maintenance which includes inspecting for damage, roots penetrating the membrane, blown-in debris, dead and dying plants, disease and pests, fertilizing needs and uncontrolled over-growth requires to be done by an expert one. So it is suggested to inspect the invasive weeds, plant diseases and pests and stray tree seedlings at least twice a year.

Instruction of maintenance will be provided in a simple and easy way to make the garden very familiar with any new comer.

11th International Symposium on Architectural Interchanges in Asia (ISAIA2016), Sendai, Japan

2.9 Cost estimation The part is collaboratively being studied and is under observation and survey. Therefore there is nothing to disclose at this moment. However, it is assumed and partially confirmed that the cost is very low compared to any other design which is not using recyclable materials. Besides that being a tropical country plantation is much cheaper in perspective of Bangladesh.

The study is involving young university students who are coming from many different zones of Bangladesh for higher study can play a great role in terms of spreading the idea. They can educate the society around them. The future study (Fig.4) can lead to involve more universities and then other office buildings and residential as well. If most of the political revolution can begin from the university then, it is also possible to begin silent â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Green Revolutionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; at the university which is very important to save the place where we belong.

3. Conclusions In conclusion, we can say that the approach of using recyclable material and green landscaping can give a lot of beneficial effect in perspective of Bangladesh. It can be started easily from the waste without investment and application of technical sense can convert the polluted city Dhaka to a green city.

Fig. 5. Summary of the Study

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11th International Symposium on Architectural Interchanges in Asia (ISAIA2016), Sendai, Japan