Arc –Spark = Surge in Systems= Result Fires
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An Arc Flash inside an electrical cabinet can be considered as dangerous as a storm cloud lightning bolt
Reason and Failure
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How to Choose Surge Protection
When a burst of energy is dumped into the grid, a surge results and the voltage at your power point will jump up above the normal 240V. When the voltage moves above the level that your equipment is designed to handle, damage results. Small surges cause u ulati e da age to ele tro i s a d you o ’t oti e it happe i g. When your computer perhaps re oots, or later just dies, you o ’t k o that your ai s po er is the ause. The ost o ious i pa t of surges is when you get a big surge, or spike, and that may immediately kill your equipment. A surge is just one of a range of power issues you will see described with terms like spike (same thing, but shorter duration), sag (voltage drop), transient fluctuation, interruption, line noise, and others. These are all situations where supplied po er o es outside the ra ge of or al a d is ge erally alled dirty po er. What causes surges? The most obvious source in Brisbane are lightning strikes. Lightning is a big spark, triggered when the potential between two locations, normally charged clouds and the earth, grows big enough to cause a mighty spark to arc across the air. Air is a poor conductor and the lightning will travel along the easiest path, so as it reaches the ground, it will jump to any tall structure that is more conductive than the air, and then follow a path of least resistance to the ground. Lightning does not have to strike a building, or even a nearby power pole, to cause damage. When lightning strikes, mutual induction results in a boost of up to thousands of volts in nearby cables, including phone and cable internet wiring. Induction can result in a surge many kilometres from the strike. The most common damage caused from lightning originates from distant strikes and results cumulative damage though moderate surges. As strikes get closer, damage increases to the point that a surge might take out your PC with a single hit. Surge protectors can still help at that level. A strike that is very close, say on the power pole out the front, will create such a huge surge that nothing short of unplugging your power and other cables will protect you. If a surge protector is a nice little spillway alongside a small and well behaved creek, maybe diverting a bit of water when the creeks flow gets a bit excitable, then a nearby lightning strike is a tidal wave smashing over the creek and spillway, drowning the whole region. It will overwhelm everything to hit your equipment. This is why you should unplug before a storm! Other sources of power surges and related issues can include utility based causes such as switching generators or capacitors on and off, and local issues such as the use of heavy equipment, or even household equipment such as refrigerators, air conditioners, or fluro lights. Ever hear the click though your Hi Fi when the fridge turns on and off? Yeah, that’s ot good!
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How to Choose Surge Protection How Surge Protectors Work There are three basic types of surge protection: SPDs (surge protective devices), line conditioning/filtering units, and data/signal line devices. Each provides a certain type of protection but what they have in common is that their job is to manage dirty energy. Understand they cannot create or destroy energy, only work with what comes out of the plug by modifying, diverting, or dissipating energy. Domestic surge protectors incorporate a substance that can burn away to dissipate excess energy as heat to handle surges and spikes. When the voltage rises too high, current is diverted through this component to ground, usually a metal oxide varistor (MOV). The energy consumed by the MOV allows the main line to come back to normal voltage for your gear, but at the same time the energy will burn away the MOV. This means that once the sa rifi ial MOV is used up, the surge prote tor o ’t e a le to redu e the oltage to your gear a y lo ger a d ill stop orking as a surge protector, but will probably keep working as a power board. So e surge prote tors i orporate a fuse, so that if the MOV a ’t ha dle the surge, the fuse ill ur out o the li e to your equipment, cutting power instead of letting a surge through. This will only work once and then surge protector will stop working even as a power board, so they are not common in domestic protectors. More advanced surge protectors incorporate components designed to massage the power signal into a perfect form in order to keep electronic gear happy. There are many ways to do this and the most effective can be quite expensive to build. Fortunately while this feature is a useful it is less important for most household electronics than the basic surge protection. It can be of significant benefit to some equipment, but buy a high quality power supply in your PC, and you can do without in a typical Brisbane house. How surges reach your gear We see a lot of people who conscientiously unplug their equipment every storm, to only find their computer and modem not working the next day. In addition to mains power, any other cable coming into the house can also carry a charge. Phone lines, Foxtel, your roof aerial, and cable internet connections can all damage attached equipment. In extreme cases the surge may pass through a chain of attached electronics. A nearby lightning strike might fry your modem though the phone line, then run through the network cable to your PCs and kill them as well. We see this sort of issue as burned traces and components on the mainboard, originating from the network port. When it wasn’t a lightning strike Cumulative damage can be caused when power fluctuations are not severe but are still outside the design range for the electronics. If these types of issues happen frequently, they will cause ongoing damage to your system components until they fail. This type of damage is called ele tro i rust a d you a see the result through a i ros ope. Many failed parts returned to us do not fail because of normal wear and tear, but rather by excessive wear though dirty power.
• Voltage X Current X Time = Arc Flash = Explosion • Simple Math - Good for Arithmetic, Bad for the Electrician • (110 volts times 4 may equal 440 volts, but current is not limited by the voltage )
Lightning and Surge Transfer to Systems
External/Internal Surge Source
Fire Accident Due to Lightning We Want India Safe Practice Earthing and Protection
Why Accidents happen? Accidents generally happen due to lack of maintenance, lack of Supervision, lack of knowledge, over confidence and negligence. Accidents may also happen due to one or more of the following reasons: Using improper tools Improper/non usage of protective devices Lack of proper instructions and supervision Mental/physical condition of the employee Poor Judgment
Surge Protection use Recommendation
Follow National Building Code,IEC,IEEEE,NPFA,NFC 17-102
Sikhana to Padega Hi Follow Electrical Safety
Early Streamer Lightning Protection(1) Advance Systems for ProtectionNFC 17-102
Early Streamer Lightning Protection(2) Advance Systems for ProtectionNFC 17-102
Grid/Earth Mat Design as per IEEE80
Spec forEarthing Design and Solution
Earthing Design and Solution
Copper Clad Steel Advantages as Per IEEE80
Most Efficient Joint Process/Fail Proof as per IEEE 837
It is efficient and superior to all existing surface –to-surface mechanical retention connectors.
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