Education 03-11-2018 by Mahesh Yadav

12 X¯ìyês¡+ 3.11.2018 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

C…’|üPsY kÕVæ≤r ñ‘·‡e+-2018 mø£ÿ&É ìs¡«Væ≤+#ês¡T? 1. ◊ø£´sê»´dü$T‹ n_Ûeè~Δ ø±s¡´Áø£eT+ (UNDP) $&ÉT<ä\ #˚dæq ‘êC≤ e÷qe n_Ûeè~Δ sê´+øÏ+>¥‡ ˝À uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯ sê´+ø˘ m+‘·? m) 142 _) 110 dæ) 130 &ç) 150 2. Á|ü|ü+#·+˝ÀH˚ ‘=*kÕ] ôV’≤Á&√»Hé X¯øÏÔ‘√ q&ç#˚ ¬s’\TqT ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫q <˚X¯+? m) #Ó’Hê _) »bÕHé dæ) »s¡à˙ &ç) j·T÷mdt@ 3. ∫≥º>±+>¥, yÓTT+>±¢ HÍø±ÁX¯j·÷\ b˛sYº $ìjÓ÷>∑+ ø√dü+ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À eTTkÕsTT<ë ˇ|üŒ+<ëìï ÄyÓ÷~+∫q <˚X¯+? m) H˚bÕ˝Ÿ _) eTj·THêàsY dæ) ã+>±¢<˚XŸ &ç) #Ó’Hê 4. s¡cÕ´˝Àì ˝…’ô|dtÿ˝À »]–q uÛ≤s¡‘Y, s¡cÕ´ dü+j·TTø£Ô yÓ’e÷ìø£ <äﬁ¯ $Hê´dü+ ù|s¡T? m) @$j·÷+Á&Ü - 18 _) Ç+Á<ä - 18 dæ) Ç+Á&Édt - 18 &ç) s¡TdüTÔ+ - 18 5. |ü≥ºD |üsê´≥ø£ s¡+>∑+ô|’ 7e ◊ø£´sê»´dü$T‹ Á|ü|ü+#· |üsê´≥ø£ dü+düú n+‘·sê®rj·T dü<ädüT‡ (UNWTO Globle Summit) mø£ÿ&É »]–+~? m) eT˙˝≤, |òæ*|”ŒHé‡ _) &É_¢Hé, ◊sê¢+&é dæ) dæjÓ÷˝Ÿ, ]|ü_¢ø˘ Ä|òt ø=]j·÷ &ç) C§Vü≤HÓïdtãsYZ, <äøÏåD ø=]j·÷ 6. uÛ≤s¡rj·T ]»s¡T« u≤´+ø˘ (RBI) mìï s¡÷.ø√≥¢ $\TyÓ’q Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ôd≈£L´]{°\qT (G-secs) ø=qT>√\T #˚j·TqTqï≥Tº Á|üø£{Ï+∫+~? m) s¡÷. 10,000 ø√≥T¢ _) s¡÷. 12,000 ø√≥T¢ dæ) s¡÷. 19,800 ø√≥T¢ &ç) s¡÷. 11,000 ø√≥T¢

øÏ{ŸqT @ dü+düú s¡÷bı+~+∫+~? m) ◊◊{° - u≤+uÒ _) ÇHédæº≥÷´{Ÿ Ä|òt q÷´øÏ¢j·TsY yÓT&çdæHé n+&é n˝…’¢&é ôd’HÓ‡dt dæ) _sê¢ ÇHédæº≥÷´{Ÿ Ä|òt yÓT&çø£˝Ÿ ôd’HÓ‡dt &ç) Ç+&çj·THé ÇHédæº≥÷´{Ÿ Ä|òt ôd’ôd‡dt 11. yês¡dü‘·« dü+|ü<ä\qT |ü]s¡øÏå+#˚ ñ<˚›X¯+‘√ ªØyÓ’≥˝…’õ+>¥ Ç+&çj·÷ j·÷CŸ @ ôV≤]fÒCŸ &ÓdæºH˚wüHéµô|’ ¬s+&ÉT s√E\ düe÷y˚X¯+ mø£ÿ&É »]–+~? m) >∑TyêVü≤{Ï, nk˛+ _) uÛÑs¡‘Y|üPsY, sê»kÕúHé dæ) #ÓHÓ’ï, ‘·$Tfi¯Hê&ÉT &ç) eTT+u…’, eTVü‰sêh 12. 2018 nø√ºãsY qT+∫ ìs¡T<√´>∑T\≈£î ªj·TTe H˚düÔ+µ ù|s¡T‘√ @ sêh Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ ìs¡T<√´>∑ uÛÑè‹ n+<äCÒk˛Ô+~? m) ‘Ó\+>±D _) ø£sêí≥ø£ dæ) πøs¡fi¯ &ç) Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ 13. 2017-18 dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À ªÁ|ü<ÛëHé eT+Á‹ Á>±yéT dü&Éø˘ jÓ÷»q(PMGSY)µ |ü<∏äø£+˝À uÛ≤>∑+>± >∑]wüº dü+K´˝À s√&É¢ ìsêàD+ |üP]Ô #˚dæ, <˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ ñ‘·ÔeT+>± ì*∫q sêh+? m) ñ‘·Ôs¡Á|ü<˚XŸ _) Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ dæ) ñ‘·ÔsêK+&é &ç) ‘Ó\+>±D 14. Äs√>∑´, ≈£î≥T+ã dü+πøåeT eT+Á‹‘·«XÊK $&ÉT<ä\ #˚dæq 14e ìy˚~ø£ ªôV≤#Y◊M n+#·Hê\T 2017µ Á|üø±s¡+ @ sêh+˝À n‘·´~Ûø£ dü+K´˝À ôV≤#Y◊M u≤~Û‘·T\T ìedædüTÔHêïs¡T? m) eT<Ûä´Á|ü<˚XŸ _) ‘·$Tfi¯Hê&ÉT

7. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯ yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï 205 ≥Hé m\ÁøÏºø˘ Á&Ó’yé ]j·TsY &É+|t Á≥ø˘ (Model BH205-E) qT Ä$wüÿ]+∫q Á|üuÛÑT‘·« s¡+>∑ dü+düú @~? m) ;ôV≤#Yám˝Ÿ (BHEL) _) m˙º|”d” (NTPC) dæ) ;ám+m˝Ÿ (BEML) &ç) ôdsTT˝Ÿ (SAIL) 8. uÛ≤s¡‘· 3e n‹ô|<ä› Á|ü|ü+#· b˛{° u≤´+≈£îqT @sêŒ≥T #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt ãs√&Ü, $»j·÷ u≤´+ø˘‘√ bÕ≥T Ç‘·s¡ @ u≤´+≈£îqT $©q+ #˚j·÷\ì Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ Á|ü‹bÕ~+∫+~? m) j·T÷ìj·THé u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt Ç+&çj·÷ _) z]j·T+≥˝Ÿ u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt ø±eTsY‡ dæ) <˚Hê u≤´+ø˘ &ç) j·TTHÓ’f…&é u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt Ç+&çj·÷ 9. XÊÁd”Ôj·T düe÷C≤ìøÏ nedüs¡yÓTÆq düe÷#êsêìï ø£qT>=q&ÜìøÏ >∑÷>∑T˝Ÿ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫q q÷‘·q ôdsYÃ Ç+»Hé @~? m) ôd’Hé‡ ôdsYÃ _) &˚{≤ôd{Ÿ ôdsYÃ dæ) ôdsYÃ ãTø˘ &ç) kÕº{Ÿ ôdsYÃ 10. nDT j·TT<äΔ‘·+Á‘·+ ˝Ò<ë πs&çjÓ÷ <Ûë]àø£‘· ©πøCŸ e\¢ dü+uÛÑ$+#˚ rÁeyÓTÆq >±j·÷\ qT+∫ s¡ø£åD ø√dü+ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯|ü⁄ yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï dü«<˚o yÓ’<ä´

dæ) Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ &ç) eTVü‰sêh 15. e÷qe nÁø£eT s¡yêD≤qT ì\Te]+#·&ÜìøÏ $$<Ûä õ˝≤¢˝À¢ ªdü«j·T+>¥dæ<äΔµ nH˚ |ü<∏äø±ìï ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫q sêh+? m) ns¡TD≤#·˝Ÿ Á|ü<˚XŸ _) nk˛+ dæ) $TCÀsê+ &ç) |ü•ÃeT u…+>±˝Ÿ 16. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ‘=*kÕ]>± @ q>∑s¡+˝À ≈£îø£ÿ\ ø√dü+ Á|ü‘˚´ø£ bÕsYÿqT @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T? m) yÓTÆdü÷s¡T _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é dæ) #ÓHÓ’ï &ç) eTT+ãsTT 17. πø+Á<ä Vü≤√+eT+Á‹ sêCŸHê<∏édæ+>¥ uÛ≤s¡‘· ‘=* ªkÕàsYº ô|òHé‡µ ô|’˝…{Ÿ ÁbÕC…≈£îºqT mø£ÿ&É ÁbÕs¡+_Û+ #ês¡T? m) dæe÷¢, Væ≤e÷#·˝ŸÁ|ü<˚XŸ _) |ü{Ïj·÷\, |ü+C≤uŸ dæ) e÷˝≤¶, |ü•ÃeT u…+>±˝Ÿ &ç) »eTTà, »eTTàø£oàsY 18. uÛ≤s¡‘· yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï ªÇ+&çj·÷ ≥÷]»+ e÷sYº (ITM-2018)µ qT @ q>∑s¡+˝À ìs¡«Væ≤+#ês¡T? m) yÓTÆdü÷sY _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é dæ) eTT+u…’ &ç) q÷´&Ûç©¢ 19. sêsTT≥sY‡ Á|üø±s¡+, 2018 Ä>∑düTº˝À kÂB nπs_j·÷ kÕúq+˝À uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯ n‹ô|<ä› #·eTTs¡T düs¡|òüsê<ës¡T>± ne‘·]+∫q <˚X¯+ @~?

m) ÇÁC≤sTT˝Ÿ _) nyÓT]ø± dü+j·TTø£Ô sêÁcÕº\T yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï Áô|’y˚{Ÿ |üsê´≥≈£î&ç ù|s¡T @$T{Ï? dæ) ÇsêHé &ç) Çsêø˘ m) j·TTkÕ≈£î MTC≤yê _) eTs¡TwæjÓ÷ Vü≤√jÓ÷ 20. uÛ≤s¡‘· n+‘·]ø£å |ü]XÀ<Ûäq dü+düú (ÇÁk˛) dæ) n˝…>±®+&ÉsY ôV’≤≥Hé &ç) yÓTÆU…’˝Ÿ ]ø±]¶jÓ÷ f…ø±ï\J Ç+≈£îúÒwüHé ôd+≥sY mø£ÿ&É ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ 30. düT&ÜHé q÷‘·q Á|ü<Ûëq eT+Á‹>± mes¡T yÓTÆ+~? mìïø£j·÷´s¡T? m) ø√˝Ÿø£‘ê _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é m) nãT›˝Ÿ Vü≤MT<é _) eTÚ‘êCŸ eTÚkÕ nãT›˝≤¢ dæ) wæ˝≤¢+>¥ &ç) n>∑s¡Ô\ dæ) eTÚ˝≤Hê ÄC≤<é &ç) nãT›˝Ÿ ø£Ø+ eTÚ˝≤Hê 31. dü÷ø£åà, ∫qï, eT<Ûä´ ‘·s¡Vü‰ |ü]ÁX¯eT\ eT+Á‹‘·« XÊK Ç{°e\ HÓ\ø=*Œq e÷dü|üÁ‹ø£ Ç-yêsêÔ |üÁ‹ø£ ù|πs$T{Ï? m) m+mdtm+á |üÁ‹ø£í _) m+mdtm+á ÇHéôd’&ÉsY dæ) m+mdtm+á q÷´dt &ç) m+mdtm+á y˚T>∑C…’Hé 21. &ûÄsY&ûy√≈£î #Ó+~q Hêe˝Ÿ |òæõø£˝Ÿ n+&é 32. ‘·bÕ˝≤ XÊK <ë«sê {°; s√>∑ ìsêΔs¡D ø√dü+ ñ|ü zwüH√Á>∑|òæø˘ ˝Òu§πs≥ØøÏ n|üŒ–+∫q uÛ≤s¡rj·T jÓ÷–+#˚ ø£|òü+ qeT÷Hê ùdø£s¡D ô|’˝{Ÿ ùde\qT ‘=* »˝≤+‘·s¡Z‘· s√uÀ Á&√Hé ù|s¡T? Äs√>∑´ eT+Á‹‘·« XÊK mø£ÿ&É ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫+~? m) ◊s√y√≥T´Hê (EyerovTUNA) m) &Ûç©¢ _) eT<Ûä´Á|ü<˚XŸ _) yÓT¬s’Hé≥T´Hê (MarineTuna) dæ) >∑T»sê‘Y &ç) |ü•ÃeT u…+>±˝Ÿ dæ) d”yê#Y (SeaWatch) 33. Ç{°e\ ì]à+∫q s¡a≤s¡T‡>∑÷&É $e÷HêÁX¯j·÷ &ç) yê≥sY yê#Y (WaterWatch) ìøÏ Á|üeTTK kÕ«‘·+Á‘·´ düeTs¡jÓ÷<ÛäT&ÉT ªMsY 22. #ÓHÓ’ï˝À Ç+&çj·THé ø√dtº>±sY¶ n|üŒ–+∫q dü«<˚o düTπs+Á<ä kÕsTTµ ù|s¡T ô|{º&ÜìøÏ @ sêh nôd+;¢ ì]à‘· ì|òü÷ z&É ù|πs$T{Ï? @ø£Áê rsêàHêìï ÄyÓ÷~+∫+~? m) kÕs¡~∏ _) $»j·T m) eTVü‰sêh _) nk˛+ dæ) ø±∞ &ç) <äTsêZ dæ) ns¡TD≤#·˝ŸÁ|ü<˚XŸ &ç) ˇ&çXÊ 23. j·TTHÓ’f…&é øÏ+>∑&ÉyéT≈£î #Ó+~q H√yêdüsY‘√ bÕ≥T 34. ˝≤+>¥ e÷sYÃ-2 dæ sê¬ø{Ÿ <ë«sê HY-1C 14 ñ|üÁ>∑Vü‰\qT n+‘·]ø£å+˝ÀøÏ Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ïºq ù|s¡T‘√ ø=‘·Ô düeTTÁ<ä ñ|üÁ>∑Vü‰ìï $»j·T ÇÁk˛ sê¬ø{Ÿ ù|πs$T{Ï? e+‘·+>± Á|üjÓ÷–+∫q <˚X¯+ @~? m) |”mdtm˝ŸM - dæ- 42 m) CbÕHé _) ÁbòÕHé‡ _) |”mdtm˝ŸM - dæ- 41 dæ) j·T÷mdt@ &ç) #Ó’Hê dæ) |”mdtm˝ŸM - dæ- 43 35. ˇ&çXÊ, #Û·rÔdt>∑&Ûé sêÁcÕº˝À¢ì ø=ìï ÁbÕ+‘ê˝À¢ &ç) |”mdtm˝ŸM - dæ- 39 uÛ≤Ø esê¸\T, eT{Ïº ô|fi¯¢\T $]– |ü&É&ÜìøÏ 24. mdt-u≤´+&é bı˝≤ØyÓTÁ{° &Ü|òü¢sY yÓ<äsY sê&ÜsYqT ø±s¡DyÓTÆq ‘·TbòÕqT ù|s¡T? ÇÁk˛ Ç{°e\ mø£ÿ&É ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫+~? m) e÷ùV≤ _) <ëj˚T m) ‹s¡Teq+‘·|ü⁄s¡+, πøs¡fi¯ dæ) n©dæj·÷ &ç) Vü≤ÁH√ _) u…+>∑fi¯Ss¡T, ø£sêí≥ø£ 36. ÁfÒ&é, mø£Hê$Tø˘, ôd’+{Ï|òæø˘, f…ø±ï\J n+&é dæ) lVü≤]ø√≥, Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ ø£\Ãs¡˝Ÿ ø√Ä|üπswüHé\ô|’ 23e uÛ≤s¡‘Y s¡cÕ´ &ç) nVü≤à<ëu≤<é, >∑T»sê‘Y n+‘·sY Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ø£$TwüHé (IRIGC-TEC) mø£ÿ&É 25. ‘˚*ø£ ãs¡Te⁄‘√ &ûÄsY&ûy√ dü«j·T+>± n_Ûeè~Δ ñ+~? #˚dæq ªe÷´Hé b˛s¡ºãT˝Ÿ j·÷+{° {≤´+ø˘ ¬>’&Ó&é m) eTT+u…’, uÛ≤s¡‘Y _) q÷´&Ûç©¢, uÛ≤s¡‘Y $Tôd’˝Ÿµ (MPATGM)qT $»j·Te+‘·+>± mø£ÿ&É dæ) e÷k˛ÿ, s¡cÕ´ |üØøÏå+∫+~? &ç) ôdsTT+{Ÿ |”≥sY‡ãsYZ, s¡cÕ´ m) Hê>±|üPsY, eTVü‰sêh 37. C…’|üPsY kÕVæ≤r ñ‘·‡e+ (JLF) - 2018qT _) nVü≤à<éq>∑sY, eTVü‰sêh mø£ÿ&É ìs¡«Væ≤+#ês¡T? dæ) s√Vt≤‘·ø˘, Vü≤]j·÷D≤ m) dæ&ûï, ÄÁùdº*j·÷ _) Vü≤√düºHé, j·Tô|dt@ &ç) \&ÜUŸ, »eTTàø£oàsY dæ) C…’|üPsY, uÛ≤s¡‘Y &ç) ø=\+uÀ, l\+ø£ 26. 8-10 ñ|üÁ>±Vü‰\ düeT÷Vü≤+ <ë«sê Væ≤+<ä÷ 38. Vü≤√|t $TwüHé ˝Ò<ë neT˝ŸqT 2020˝À Á|üjÓ÷ eTVü‰düeTTÁ<ä ÁbÕ+‘·+˝Àì düeTTÁ<ä |üs¡ý˚ø£åD –+∫ 2021 Hê{ÏøÏ n+>±s¡ø£ Á>∑Vü≤ø£ø£å´˝ÀøÏ ø√dü+ uÛ≤s¡‘Y @ <˚X¯+‘√ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ ≈£î<äTs¡TÃ Á|üy˚X¯ô|&É‘êeTì @ <˚X¯+ Á|üø£{Ï+∫+~? ≈£î+~? m) ÇsêHé _) áõ|tº m) ÁbòÕHé‡ _) s¡cÕ´ dæ) j·TTHÓ’f…&é ns¡uŸ m$T¬s’{Ÿ‡ &ç) kÂB nπs_j·÷ dæ) j·T÷s√|æj·THé j·T÷ìj·THé &ç) j·T÷mdt@ 39. J-20 <˚XÊ\ yêDÏ»´, ô|≥Tºã&ÉT\ eT+Á‹ es¡Z 27. ˇ&çXÊ˝Àì #ê+B|üPsY qT+∫ &ûÄsY&ûz dü«<˚o düe÷y˚X¯+ mø£ÿ&É »]–+~? |ü]C≤„q+‘√ n_Ûeè~Δ |ü]∫ $»j·Te+‘·+>± m) yÓTÁ{À eT˙˝≤, |òæ*|”‡Hé‡ |üØøÏå+∫q dü«\ŒÁX‚DÏ ñ|ü]‘·\+ qT+∫ ñ|ü]‘·\ _) e÷sY &Ó˝Ÿ bÕ¢{≤, n¬s®+{°Hê (surfaceto- surface short - range ballistic dæ) Vü≤H√sTT, $j·T‘êï+ missile)u≤*dæºø˘ øÏå|üDÏ ù|s¡T @+{Ï? &ç) »ø£sêÔ, Ç+&√H˚wæj·÷ m) $Vü‰sY _) Á|üVü‰sY düe÷<ÛëHê\T dæ) es¡TD &ç) dü÷s¡´ 28. HêkÕ≈£î #Ó+~q @ ñ|üÁ>∑Vü≤+ uÛÑ÷$Tì b˛*q 1.dæ 2.dæ 3.dæ 4.m 5.dæ ªdü÷|üsY msYÔµ, ªVü≤{Ÿ msYÔµ nH˚ ¬s+&ÉT ø=‘·Ô 6.m 7.dæ 8.dæ 9._ 10._ Á>∑Vü‰\qT ø£qT>=+~? 11._ 12.&ç 13.dæ 14.&ç 15.&ç m) Á{≤ì‡dæº+>¥ mø˘‡bÕ¢HÓ{Ÿ düπs« XÊ{Ï˝…’{Ÿ (TESS) 16._ 17.&ç 18.&ç 19.&ç 20.&ç _) ¬ø|ü¢sY nã®πs«wüHé XÊ{Ï˝…’{Ÿ (KOS) 21.m 22._ 23.m 24.dæ 25._ dæ) dæŒ≥®sY ùdŒdt f…*k˛ÿ|t (SST) 36.m 37._ 38.m 39.m 30._ &ç) |üj·T˙sY 10 ùdŒdt düπs« XÊ{Ï˝…’{Ÿ (PSSS) 31._ 32.m 33.&ç 34.&ç 35._ 29. #·+Á<äT&ç #·T≥÷º ‹]π> ùdŒdt mø˘‡≈£î #Ó+~q _>¥ 36.dæ 37._ 38.dæ 39._ bòÕ\ÿHé sê¬ø{Ÿ˝À 2023˝À Á|üj·÷DÏ+#·qTqï

b˛{° |üØø£å\ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+ ø£¬s+{Ÿ nô|ò’sY‡

X¯ìyês¡+ 3.11.2018 13 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

q>∑Tq÷sY ø√≥˝Àì Á‹≈£L≥ Ä\j·T+ @ sê‹‘√ ì]à+#ês¡T? môd’‡, ø±ìùdºãT˝Ÿ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+

‘Ó\+>±D #·]Á‘·

1. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? ø√≥ ãTs¡TE\ dü+K´ 1. KeTà+ œ˝≤¢ ` 15 2. >√˝§ÿ+&É ø√≥ ` 87 3. øö˝≤dt ø√≥ ` 32 4. ìs¡à˝Ÿ ø√≥ ` 55 2. |æ\¢\ |òæs¡+^ >∑\ ø√≥? 1) yÓTT\+>∑÷s¡Tø√≥ 2) sêeT–] ø√≥ 3) >±+<Ûë] ø√≥ 4) øö˝≤dt ø√≥ 3. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? ø√≥ Á|ü‘˚´ø£‘· 1. es¡+>∑˝Ÿ ø√≥ <ä÷<éeTVü≤˝Ÿ 2. »–‘ê´\ ø√≥ ø=&ç>∑T&ÉT¶ Äø±s¡+ 3. Ç+<ä÷s¡T >∑s¡T&É B|ü+ 4. KeTà+ @ø£•˝≤ 12 n&ÉT>∑T\

dü÷s¡´Hêsêj·TD $Á>∑Vü≤+ 4. ‘Ó\+>±D˝À ªyê≥sY Vü‰s¬ «dæ+º >¥ ìsêàD+µ >∑\ ø√≥? 1) >∑<ë«\ ø√≥ 2) »–‘ê´\ ø√≥ 3) yÓTT\+>∑÷s¡T ø√≥ 4) KeTà+œ˝≤¢ 5. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? ø√≥ù|s¡T ì]à+∫q yês¡T 1) Ç+<ä÷s¡T ø√≥ eT÷&√ Ç+Á<äT&ÉT 2) dæs¡÷ŒsY ø√≥ Ä~j·÷ uÛÑ˝≤¢˝Ÿ dæ+>¥ 3) Á|ü‘ê|ü–] ø√≥ sêj·Tsê» uÛÑ÷bÕ\ 4) <˚es¡ø=+&É ø√≥ mÁs¡<ë#·eTH˚ì sê<ÛëHêj·T≈£î&ÉT 6. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? ø√≥ù|s¡T ì]à+∫q yês¡T 1) yÓT<äø˘ø√≥ >∑D|ü‹<˚e⁄&ÉT 2) uÛÑTeq–] ø√≥ Hê\Ze *+>∑eT Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT 3) sê#·ø=+&É ø√≥ πs#·s¡¢ *+>∑eT Hêj·T≈£î&ÉT 4) >∑<ë«\ ø√≥ ô|<ä› kÕeT uÛÑ÷bÕ\T&ÉT 7. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? yÓTT\+>∑÷s¡T ø√≥˝Àì <˚yê\j·÷\T ` ì]à+∫qyês¡T

1) sêy˚TX¯«sê\j·T+ >∑qïj·TeT+Á‹ 2) >√|æø±Hê<∏äTì Ä\j·T+ eT\¢qï 3) $wüßí<˚yê\j·T+ πødüq 4) >∑Dù|X¯«s¡Tì >∑T&ç >∑qïj·TeT+Á‹ 8. eT&çøÏ dæ+>∑q ‘·q ª|ü<äà|ü⁄sêD√‘·Ôs¡ K+&Üìï me]øÏ n+øÏ‘·+ Ç#êÃ&ÉT? 1) πødüHêe÷‘·T´&ÉT 2) ø£+<äqe÷‘·T´&ÉT 3) uÛÑ÷bÕ\e÷‘·T´&ÉT 4) sêe÷\e÷‘·T´&ÉT 9. me] ù|s¡TMT<äT>± Ç+<ä÷s¡T q>∑s¡+ ìC≤e÷u≤<é >± e÷s¡TŒ #Ó+~+~? 1) MTsY ñkÕàHé n©U≤Hé 2) eTVü≤ã÷uŸ n©U≤Hé

3) ìC≤+ n©U≤Hé 4) ìC≤+ ` ñ˝Ÿ ` eTT˝Ÿÿ 10. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? ø√≥ ì]à+∫qyês¡T 1) sê»ù|≥ sêC≤ yÓ+ø£≥Hêsêj·TD 2) øö˝≤dt 3e Ç+Á<äT&ÉT 3) »–‘ê´\ $Tsê® môV≤‘ÓcÕyéT »+>¥ 4) yÓTT\+>∑÷s¡T yÓTTq–] –<ä›sêE 11. dæs¡÷Œs¡TøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫ dü¬s’q~ @~? m) dæs¡÷ŒsY ÁbÕ+‘·+ <˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï ª>√+&ÉT sê»´ kÕÁe÷»´ kÕú|òüq≈£î HÓ\yÓ’+~. _) dæs¡÷ŒsY ù||üsY $T˝Ÿ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ n‹ô|<ä› ù||üs¡T ø£sêà>±s¡+ dæ) 1942˝À ù||üsY$T˝Ÿ ø±>∑CŸq>∑sY˝À kÕú|æ+#ês¡T 1) m, _ 2) _ 3) _, dæ 4) m, _, dæ 12. uÛ≤s¡‘· kÕ«‘·+Á‘·´ dü+Á>±eT+˝À Á|ü‘·´ø£å+>±q÷, |üs√ø£å+>±q÷ bÕ˝§Zì <˚X¯+ ø√dü+ b˛sê&çq yÓTT<ä{Ï dü+kÕúq+? 1) dæs¡÷ŒsY ø√≥ 2) øö˝≤dt 3) Á|ü‘ê|ü–] ø√≥ 4) sêeT–] œ˝≤¢ 13. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À @ ø√≥qT ôd’ì≈£î\≈£î ø±yê*‡q Äj·TT<Ûë\ |ü+|æD°, ‘·j·÷Ø‘√bÕ≥T ôd’ìø£

4) yÓ~¬s yÓ+ø£≥ Hêsêj·TDsêe⁄ |üè~∏∏«≈£îe÷sY #ÍVü‰Hé 20. #·+Á<ä>∑&é ø√≥ Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ @ õ˝≤¢˝À ñqï~? |üè~∏∏«dt ◊@mdt düº&ûdü]ÿ˝Ÿ &Ó’¬sø£ºsY 1) Hê>∑sY ø£s¡÷ï˝Ÿ 2) >∑<ë«\ ~˝ŸdüTUŸq>∑sY,ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é 3) eq|ü]Ô 4) eTVü≤ã÷uŸq>∑sY bò˛Hé: 9177602890 21. HÓ‹qÔ ≈£î+&É ñ+#·Tø=ì #˚ùd qè‘ê´ìï @eT+{≤s¡T? 1) πs\ qè‘·´+ 2) ~∏+kÕqè‘·´+ 4) ô|<ä› <˚e⁄&ÉT |ü+&ÉT>∑ 3) >∑s¡>∑\ qè‘·´+ 4) dæBΔ qè‘·´+ 32. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À <˚ìì |”s¡¢|ü+&ÉT>∑ nì n+{≤s¡T? 22. <äTeTTà>∑÷&Ó+ @ |ü]ÁX¯eT≈£î Á|üdæ~Δ? 1) á<äT˝Ÿ |òæÁ‘Y 2) ãÁø°<äT 1) n<ä›ø£+ |ü]ÁX¯eT 3) á<äT˝Ÿ nCŸVü‰ 4) yÓTTVü≤Ás¡+ 2) ˝ÒdüT n*¢ø£\ |ü]ÁX¯eT 33. n–Zô|f…º˝À |üfÒº Ns¡ H˚dæqyês¡T mes¡T? 3) |üPdü\ |ü]ÁX¯eT 1) Äq+<ÛëeTT\T 2) |üs¡+<ÛëeTT\T 4) #˚H˚‘· eÁkÕÔ\T 3) |üs¡+sêeTT\T 4) sêeTj·T´ 23. ª‘·ô|Œ≥>∑Tfi¯óflµ≈£î eTs=ø£ù|s¡T? 34. >=\¢uÛ≤eT Ns¡\≈£î Á|üdæ~Δ ? 1) »+>∑+ 2) ø£|üŒ‘·*¢ 1) >∑<ë«\ 2) b˛#·+|ü*¢ 3) s¡+Eø£fi¯ 4) ‘√{Ïø£fi¯ 3) Hêsêj·TD|üPsY 4) dæ~Δù|≥ 24. C≤‘·s˝¡ À >∑D≤#ês¡T\‘√ ø£*dæ ∫+<˚dæ <˚yê\j·T+ 35. Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ <˚e<ëdæ (ns¡ŒD ìs√<Ûäø£+) _\T¢ e<ä› ñqï >∑<q›Ó T møÏÿ »s¡>u∑ Àj˚T X¯óuÛ≤\T, n]cÕº\ ÄyÓ÷~+∫q dü+e‘·‡s¡+? >∑T]+∫ uÛ$Ñ wü´‘Yì #Óù|Œyê]ì @eT+{≤s¡T? 1) 1986 2) 1987 1) eTj·÷C≤\+ 2) ÄkÕ<äT\T 3) 1988 4) 1989 3) s¡+>∑+ 4) kÕ‘êqT\T 36. kÕ˝≤sY»+>¥ me] e<ä› Ç+^¢wt H˚s¡TÃ≈£îHêï&ÉT? 25. ªˇ>∑TZµ nq>±? 1) uÀyÓHé 2) yÓTyÓHé 1) $wüßíe⁄qT X¯s¡DT y˚&ÉTø√e&É+ 3) CÀdü|òt 4) sê&ÓHé 2) •e⁄ì X¯s¡DT y˚&ÉTø√e&É+ 37. ‘·TsêuŸ n©U≤Hé |üPØ«≈£î\T @ ÁbÕ+‘êìøÏ 3) Ä+ø±fi¯eTà X¯s¡DT y˚&ÉTø√e&É+ #Ó+~q yês¡T? 4) <˚e⁄ì X¯s¡DT y˚&ÉTø√e&É+ 1) C…s¡÷düü˝…+ 2) eTBq 26. ªe÷j·÷C≤\ ø£fi≤ø±s¡T\qTµ @eTì |æ\TkÕÔs¡T? 3) ÇsêHé 4) yÓ’{Ÿw”|t 1) |üqdü 2) eT+<Ó#·T 98. düÁ<ä÷˝Ÿ eTVü≤yéT n<ë\‘Y nq>±? 3) $Á|ü$H√<äT\T 4) ø±{ÏbÕ|ü\T 1) Ä]úø£ eT+Á‹ 2) $<ë´XÊKeT+Á‹ 27. ªs¡+Eµ nq>±? 3) Hê´j·TXÊKeT+Á‹ 4) ¬syÓq÷´ eT+Á‹ 1) ø£<∏ä 2) bÕ≥ 39. ìC≤yéT ùdº{Ÿ ¬s’˝Ò« |üP]Ô nsTT Á|ü»\≈£î n+<äT 3) yêsTT<ä´+ 4) >∑<Ó› u≤≥T˝ÀøÏ e∫Ãq dü+e‘·‡s¡+? 28. 1991`92˝À s¡|òüTHê<∏äsêe⁄ ø£$TwüHé @ n+X¯+ 1) 1872 2) 1832 MT<ä y˚XÊs¡T? 3) 1846 4) 1872 1) ¬s’‘·T\ Ä‘·àVü≤‘·´\T 2) CÀ–ì 40. Á|ü|ü+#·+˝À ‘=*kÕ]>± Á|ü»\≈£î ¬s’˝Ò«˝…’Hé 3) <˚e<ëdæ 4) øö\T¬s’‘·T n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ e∫Ãq dü+e‘·‡s¡+? 29. <˚e<ëd” dü+düÿs¡D≈£î Hêj·Tø£‘«· + eVæ≤+∫q~ 1) 1825 2) 1832 mes¡T? 3) 1846 4) 1872 1) uÛ≤>∑´¬s&ç¶ es¡Ù düe÷<ÛëHê\T 2) nHêïã‘·TÔì XÊ´+sêe⁄ •ø£åD≤ πø+Á<ë\T>± ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·T≈£îHêïs¡T? 3) ø±y˚{Ï kÕ+ãj·T´ 1.2 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.1 1) m\>∑+<äT\ ø√≥ 2) ñ≥÷ïs¡T ø√≥ 4) ≈£î|æH˚ì dü+‘·j·T´ 6.4 7.3 8.2 9.4 10.2 3) dæs¡÷ŒsY ø√≥ 4) øö˝≤dt ø√≥ 30. y˚T&Üs¡+ Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ @ õ˝≤¢˝À ñ+~? 11.4 12.2 13.4 14.3 15.1 14. X¯Á‘·Te⁄\ qT+&ç ø±bÕ&˚+<äT≈£î ‘·q ÁbÕD≤\qT 1) eTVü≤ã÷uŸq>∑sY 2) es¡+>∑˝Ÿ 16.3 17.1 18.3 19.3 20.4 ‘·èD ÁbÕj·T+>± ‘·´õ+∫q uÛÀ˝Ò kÕôV≤uŸ nH˚ 3) »j·TX¯+ø£sY ` uÛÑ÷bÕ\|ü*¢ 4) »q>±eT 21.3 22.2 23.2 24.3 25.2 Ms¡jÓ÷<ÛäT&ç düe÷~Û @ ø√≥˝À ñqï~? 31. ìcÕì <˚e‘· |ü+&ÉT>∑qT @eT+{≤s¡T? 26.3 27.3 28.2 29.2 30.3 1) >∑<ë«\ ø√≥ 2) es¡+>∑˝Ÿ ø√≥ 1) áf…\ |ü+&ÉT>∑ 2) rCŸ |ü+&ÉT>∑ 31.1 32.4 33.1 34.4 35.3 3) sê#·ø=+&É ø√≥ 4) <√eTø=+&É ø√≥ 3) o‘·\ uÛÑyêì |ü+&ÉT>∑ 36.1 37.2 38.3 39.2 40.1 15. ª#·\+µ nq>± .. 1) ø=+&É 2) ø√≥ 3) <˚yê\j·T+ 4) dü+kÕúq+ 16. Á|üdüTÔ‘· ìC≤e÷u≤<é bÕ‘·ù|s¡T Ç+<ä÷s¡T mes¡T ¬>sTT˝Ÿ Ç+&çj·÷ *$Tf…&é ôdŒwü˝Ÿ ]Á≈£L{ŸyÓT+{Ÿ Á&Ó’yé <äs¡U≤düTÔ $<Ûëq+: ÄHé˝…’Hé˝À. (mdtÄsY&û) ù|s¡T‘√ 55 HêHé m–®≈£L´{Ïyé, 38 m–®≈£L´{Ïyé <äsU¡ ≤düTÔ |òE ” :s¡÷.50. (md”‡, md”,º |”&ãÉ ÷¢´&û\≈£î ñ∫‘·+). ù|s¡TMT<äT>± @s¡Œ&ç+~? U≤∞\ uÛÑØÔøÏ <äs¡U≤düTÔ\T ø√s¡T‘√+~. 1) yÓTT<ä{Ï Ç+Á<äT&ÉT <äs¡U≤düTÔ≈£î ∫e]‘˚B: qe+ãsY 21, 2018. 2) ¬s+&Ée Ç+Á<äT&ÉT $uÛ≤>±\ yêØ HêHé-m–®≈£L´{Ïyé U≤∞\T: 55 m–®≈£L´{Ïyé U≤∞\T: 38 3) eT÷&Ée Ç+Á<äT&ÉT mdtÄsY&û |òüsY md”‡, md”º, z;d” (mHéd”m˝Ÿ) nuÛÑ´s¡Tú\T: 44 mdtÄsY&û |òüsY md”‡, md”º, z;d” (mHéd”m˝Ÿ) 4) Hê\Ze Ç+Á<äT&ÉT (bò˛sYyÓTHé-20, pìj·TsY dü÷|ü]+f…+&Ó+{Ÿ-1, nuÛÑ´s¡Tú\T : 28 (N|òt y˚TH˚»sY-3, y˚TH˚»sY-4, d”ìj·TsY 17. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À @ ø√≥ ãTs¡TE\T ª|ü]¸j·THé nøö+{Ÿ‡ ndæôdº+{Ÿ-1, ndæôdº+{Ÿ-8, Ç+»˙sY-2, d”ìj·TsY Ä|ò”düsY-8, Ä|ò”düsY-11). Ä]ÿf…ø£ÃsYµ $<Ûëq+˝À ñ+{≤sTT? e÷¬sÿ{Ï+>¥ ndæôdº+{Ÿ-1, Ä|üπs≥sY-6, mdtÄsY&û |òüsY |”&Éã÷¢´&û nuÛÑ´s¡Tú\T : 10 ñ<√´>∑ 1) Ç+<ä÷s¡Tø√≥ 2) yÓT<äø˘ø√≥ f…øÏïø£˝Ÿ ndæôdº+{Ÿ-3, f…ø°ïwæj·THé-4). (d”ìj·TsY Ç+»˙sY-3, d”ìj·TsY Ä|ò”düsY-7). 3) eq|ü]Ô ø√≥ 4) >∑<ë«\ø√≥ mdtÄsY&û |òüsY |”&Éã÷¢´&û nuÛÑ´s¡Tú\T :11 neø±XÊ\T ns¡Ω‘·: b˛düTºqT ã{Ïº 55% e÷s¡Tÿ\‘√ 18. q>∑Tq÷sY ø√≥˝Àì Á‹≈£L≥ Ä\j·T+(Ár Áôd’Hé (d”ìj·TsY dü÷|ü]+f…+&é-3, d”ìj·TsY &çbı¢e÷, u≤´∫\sY‡ &çÁ^, e÷düºsY‡ &çÁ^, •ef…+|ü⁄˝Ÿ) @ sê‹‘√ ì]à+#ês¡T? nøö+f…+{Ÿ-2, d”ìj·TsY ¬ø$Tdtº-1, bò˛sYyÓTHé-4, d”@/◊d”&Éã÷¢´@, m+;;mdt ñrÔs¡í‘·‘√ bÕ≥T nqTuÛÑe+ 1) yÓ’{Ÿ k˛ºHé (‘Ó\¢sê‹) 2) u≤¢ø˘k˛ºHé (q\¢sê‹) nedüs¡+. 3) ¬s&ék˛ºHé (mÁs¡sê‹) 4) |æ+ø˘k˛ºHé (>∑T˝≤_sê‹) e÷¬sÿ{Ï+>¥ ndæôdº+{Ÿ-1). 19. mes¡T ªdæ^‘Y sêe⁄ eTHÓïyêsYµ nH˚ >∑»<=+>∑qT ns¡Ω‘·: b˛düTºqT ã{Ïº 50% e÷s¡Tÿ\‘√ |ü<√ ‘·s¡>∑‹, m+|æø£: dæÿ˝Ÿ f…dtº, ã �+<ä #·s¡Ã\T, Ç+≥s¡÷«´ <ë«sê. y˚{≤&ç n‘·ì ‘·\q]øÏ sêE#˚‘· Hêsêj·TD|ü⁄s¡+ Ç+≥sY, ◊{°◊, &çbı¢e÷, u≤´∫\sY‡ &çÁ^, e÷düºsY‡ &çÁ^ <äs¡U≤düTÔ $<Ûëq+: ÄHé˝…’Hé˝À. ñrÔs¡í‘·‘√ bÕ≥T nqTuÛÑe+ ñ+&Ü*. <äs¡U≤düTÔ |ò”E: s¡÷.200. ÁbÕ+‘êìï ÇHê+>± bı+<ës¡T? m+|æø£: sê‘· |üØø£å, ÁfÒ&é f…dtº, dæÿ˝Ÿ f…dtº, ø£+|üP´≥sY <äs¡U≤düTÔ≈£î ∫e]‘˚B: qe+ãsY 21, 2018. 1) k˛$T¬s&ç¶ 2) sêj·THé¬s&ç¶ Ábı|òæwæj·T˙‡ f…dtº, Ç+≥s¡÷«´ <ë«sê. |üP]Ô $esê\≈£î yÓuŸôd’{Ÿ: http://gailonline.com 3) eT+#·˝Ÿ ¬s&ç¶

¬>sTT˝Ÿ Ç+&çj·÷ *$Tf…&é˝À ôdŒwü˝Ÿ ]Á≈£L{ŸyÓT+{Ÿ Á&Ó’yé

4 � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-§óþ-Ôèý…ÌZ HÆ>µ-sñýO¯èþ Ððþ$$§æþsìý çÜ…çœ$Ðèþ$$ H¨?

f. Ìê…yŠþ ÌêÆŠÿzüÞ Ý÷òÜO-sìý. � Ìê…yŠþ-ÌêÆŠÿzüÞ Ý÷òÜO-sîý° GÐèþÆæÿ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþçÜ$-Mæü$-¯é²-Ææÿ$?¬ f. »ñý…V>ÌŒý, ½à-ÆŠÿ, JÇÝëÞ, ¿æý*ÝëÓ-Ðèþ$$-Ë$. � Ìê…yŠþ-Ìê-ÆŠÿzüÞ Ý÷òÜO-sîý° Gç³šyæþ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþÔéÆæÿ$? f. 1837ÌZ. � D‹Üt C…yìþÄæý* AÝù-íÜ-Äôý$-çÙ-¯Œþ¯èþ$ GMæüPyæþ Ýë®í³… ^é-Ææÿ$? f. Ë…yæþ-¯Œþ-ÌZ. � Ææÿ¯èþyóþ ç³N¯é ÝëÆæÿÓ-f-±Mæü çÜ¿æý¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$, GMæüPyæþ Ýë®í³…^ðþ-¯èþ$? f. 1870, ç³N¯é-ÌZ. � »ê…»ôý {ç³íÜ-yðþ±Þ AÝù-íÜÄôý$-çÙ¯Œþ Gç³šyæþ$ HÆ>µr$ AÆÿ$$Å…¨? f. 1885 »Ÿ…»ê-Æÿ$$-ÌZ. � íÜÑÌŒý çÜÈÓ‹Ü ¯èþ$…_ ™öË-W…^èþ-º-yìþ¯èþ ¿êÆæÿ-¡-Äæý$$yæþ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. çÜ$Æóÿ…{§æþ-¯é£Šþ »ñý¯èþ-Èj. � C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ AÝù-íÜ-Äôý$-çÙ-¯Œþ¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$ Ýë®í³…_ ¯é-Ææÿ$? f. 1876ÌZ. � ¿êÆæÿ™èþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü-‹Ü¯èþ$ Ýë®í³…_-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. G.J.-çßý*Å-ÐŒþ$. � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-gê-¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü-‹Ü Gç³šyæþ$, G-MæüP-yæþ HÆ>µ-rÆÿ$$Å…¨? f. 1885(»Ÿ…»ê-Æÿ$$-)-ÌZ. � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-gê-¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü-‹Ü ™öÍ çÜÐèþ*-ÐóÔèý… GMæüPyæþ fÇW…¨? f. »Ÿ…»ê-Æÿ$$-ÌZ � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-gê-¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü-‹Ü ™öÍ çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý…¯èþ$ GMæüPyæþ fÆæÿ-´ë-Ë° Ðèþ$$…§æþ$V> °Ææÿ~-Æÿ$$…^é-Ææÿ$? f. ç³N¯é-ÌZ. � G…§æþ$-Ðèþ-Ë¯èþ C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü ™öÍ çÜÐèþ*-ÐóþÔèý… Ðóþ§æþ-¨-Mæü¯èþ$ »Ÿ…»ê-Æÿ$$Mìü Ðèþ*Æ>a-Ææÿ$? f. ç³N¯éÌZ õ³ÏVæü$ {ç³º-Ë$r ÐèþË-¯èþ. � C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü ™öÍ çÜÐèþ*-ÐóýÔèý…¯èþMæü$ A«§æþÅ-„æü$-yðþ-Ðèþ-Ææÿ$? f. yæþº$ÏüÅ.-íÜ.-»ñý-¯èþ-Èj. � C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ AÝù-íÜ-Äôý$-çÙ-¯Œþ¯èþ$ GÐèþÆæÿ$ Ýë®í³…^é-Ææÿ$? f. çÜ$Æóÿ…{§æþ-¯é£Šþ »ñý¯èþ-Èj. � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü ™öÍ çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý-Ðèþ$$-¯èþMæü$ G…™èþ-Ðèþ$…¨ çßýf-Ææÿ-Äæý*Å-Ææÿ$? f. 72 Ðèþ$…¨. � Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý-Ðèþ$$-GMæüPyæþ fÇW…¨? f. MæüË-Mæü-™é¢-ÌZ. � Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ gê¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý-Ðèþ$$-¯èþMæü$ A«§æþÅ-„æü$yæþ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. §é§é-¿êÄŒý$ ¯úÆø-h. � 1885&1905 Ðèþ$«§æþÅ M>Ìê°² HÐèþ$…sê-Ææÿ$? f. Ñ$™èþ-Ðé-§æþ-M>-Ë…. � C…yìþ-Äæý*¯Œþ Mú°Þâæýå ^èþsêt°² Gç³šyæþ$ ^óþÔé-Ææÿ$? f. 1892ÌZ. � »ñý…V>ÌŒý Ñ¿æý-f¯èþ Gç³šyæþ$ fÇ-W…¨? f. 1905ÌZ. � »ñý…V>ÌŒý Ñ¿æý-f¯èþ ™èÆæÿÓ™èþ VæüÐèþ-Ææÿ²ÆŠÿ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. MæüÆæÿj-¯Œþ. � »ñý…V>ÌŒý Ñ¿æý-f-¯èþ¯èþ$ Ææÿ§æþ$ª MöÆæÿMæü$ E§æþÅÐèþ$… Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý-Ðèþ$-Æÿ$$Å…¨? f. BVæüçÜ$t, 7, 1905. � »ñý…V>ÌŒý Ñ¿æý-f¯èþ Gç³šyæþ$ AÐèþ$Ë$ÌZMìü Ðèþ_a…¨? f. BMøt-ºÆæÿ$ 16, 1905. � "Ðèþ…§óþ-Ðèþ*-™èþ-Ææÿ…' A¯óþ X™èþ… H ç³#çÜ¢-Mæü…ÌZ-°-¨? f. B¯èþ…§æþ-Ðèþ$-uŠÿ � ¨ yóþ B‹œ Ðèþ*Ç²…VŠü (ÔZ-Ðèþ…§æþ-¨-¯èþ…)V> ´ër$-ç³-yìþ¯èþ

X¯ìyês¡+ 3 qe+ãsY, 2018 çßý$yŠþ Ðèþ¨-Í-Ðóþ-íÜ-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. ÆæÿÒ…{§æþ-¯é§Šþ sêVæü*-ÆŠÿ. � SÌêçœ™Œþ E§æþÅÐèþ$… Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æ-Ðèþ$-Æÿ$$Å…¨? f. 1919ÌZ. � SÌêçœ™Œþ E§æþÅÐèþ$… ¯éÄæý$-Mæü$Ë$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. Ðèþ$çßý-Ðèþ$Ã-§Šþ-BÎ, ÚûMæü™Œþ AÎ. � çÜàÄæý$ °Æ>-Mæü-Ææÿ×ý E§æþÅ-Ðèþ*°² V>…«© HÆø-k¯èþ {´ëÆæÿ…À…^é-Ææÿ$? f. BVæü-çÜ$t1, 1920¯èþ. Æøk? � †ËMŠü °«¨° GMæüPyæþ HÆ>µr$ ^óþÔé-Ææÿ$? f. Ñf-Äæý$-Ðéyæþ M>…{Vðü‹Ü çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý…ÌZ. f. BMøt-ºÆæÿ$ 16, 1905. � Ðèþ$*yæþ$-Ææÿ…Væü$Ë gñý…yé¯èþ$ GMæüPyæþ Ææÿ*´÷…¨…-^é-Ææÿ$? � "B¯èþ…§Šþ-Ðèþ$-uŠÿ' ¯èþ$ Ææÿ_…_¯èþ Ææÿ^èþ-Æÿ$$™èþ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. Ñf-Äæý$-Ðé-yæþ. f. º…Mìü…^èþ…{§æþ-^èþ-r-Èj. � Ðèþ$*yæþ$-Ææÿ…Væü$Ë gñý…yé¯èþ$ GÐèþÆæÿ$ Ææÿ*´÷…¨…^é-Ææÿ$? � M>…{Vðü-‹ÜÌZ `ÍMæü Gç³šyæþ$ Ðèþ_a…¨? f. í³…Væüã Ððþ…Mæü-Äæý$Å. f. 1907ÌZ. � M>…{Vðü-‹ÜÌZ çÜ¿æýÅ-™èþÓ-Ðèþ$$-¯èþMæü$ BÆæÿá™èþ ÐèþÄæý$çÜ$Þ¯èþ$ � H çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý…ÌZ M>…{Vðü‹Ü Æðÿ…yæþ$V> `Í-´ù-Æÿ$$…¨? G…™èþMæü$ ™èþWY…^é-Ææÿ$? f. çÜ*Ææÿ-™Œþ. f. 18 çÜ…‘-‘. � Ñ${™èþ-Ðóþ$Ë A¯óþ Ñç³ÏÐèþ Ðé§æþ çÜ…çÜ®¯èþ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþíÜ¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? � ^úÈ ^úÆ> çÜ…çœ$-r¯èþ Gç³šyæþ$ fÇ-W…¨? f. 5 íœ{º-ÐèþÇ, 1922. f. Ñ.yìþ.-Ýë-Ðé-ÆæÿP-ÆŠÿ. � çÜà-Äæý$-°-Æ>-Mæü-Ææÿ×ý E§æþÅÐèþ$… BW-´ù-Ðèþ-yé-°Mìü M>Ææÿ-×ý� Ñ.yìþ.-Ýë-Ðé-ÆæÿPÆŠÿ Ýë®í³…_¯èþ Ðèþ$ÆöMæü çÜ…çÜ® H¨? Ððþ$O¯èþ çÜ…çœ$-r-¯èþ? f. AÀ-¯èþ-Ðèþ-¿ê-Ææÿ-™Œ. f. ^úÈ-^úÆ> çÜ…çœ$-r-¯èþ. � ç³…gê-»ŒýÌZ E{Væü-èþÐé§æþ E§æþÅ-Ðèþ*-ËMæü$ ¯éÄæý$-Mæü™èþÓ… Ðèþíßý…_…¨? � ^úÈ ^úÆ> çÜ…çœ$-r¯èþÌZ G…™èþ-Ðèþ$…¨ ´ùÎ-çÜ$-Ë¯èþ$ §æþçßý¯èþ… ^óþÔé-Ææÿ$? f. Ah-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü. f. 22 Ðèþ$…¨. � Ðèþ$$íÜÏ…Ë ç³#¯èþÆŠÿ ÑM>-Ýë-°Mìü, Ñ§éÅ-ÐéÅ-í³¢Mìü Mæü–íÙ ^óþíÜ¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? � çÜà-Äæý$-°-Æ>-Mæü-Ææÿ×ý E§éÅ-Ðèþ*-°² Bç³yæþ… gê†Mìü Ñç³™èþ$¢ A¯èþ²¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. çÜÆŠÿ-çÜ-Äæý$Å§Šþ Açßý-Ðèþ$Ã§Šþ Rê¯Œþ. f. çÜ$¿ê‹Ù ^èþ…{§æþ-»Z-‹Ü. � çÜÄæý$Å§Šþ AçßýÃ-§Šþ-Rê¯Œþ {´ëÆæÿ…À…_¯èþ E§æþÅÐèþ$… õ³Ææÿ$? � rÈPÌZ QÎ¸ë ï³u>°² Ææÿ§æþ$ª ^óþíÜ-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. Ðèþ$$çÜ¢¸ë MðüÐèþ$ÌŒý ´ëÚë. f. BÍ-çœ$ÆŠÿ E§æþÅ-Ðèþ$…. � ASË ¿êÆæÿ™èþ Ðèþ$$ííÜÏ… ÎVŠü¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý- � "MæüÐèþ$*Å-°çÜ$t ´ëÈt B‹œ C…yìþ-Äæý* ¯èþ$ HÆ>µr$

GENERAL AWARENESS Ððþ$O…¨? f. 1906ÌZ. � Ððþ$$§æþsìý {ç³ç³…^èþ Äæý$$§æþ®… Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý-Ððþ$O…¨? f. 1914ÌZ. � íßý…§æþ* Ðèþ$çàü-çÜ-¿æý¯èþ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþü-íÜ¯èþ çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-Ææÿ…? f. 1916ÌZ. � çßZÐŒþ$-Ææÿ*ÌŒý E§æþÅ-Ðèþ*°² Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…À…^é-Ææÿ$? f. 1916ÌZ. � A°-¼-òÜ…sŒý çßZÐŒþ$-Ææÿ*ÌŒý E§æþÅ-Ðèþ*°² GMæüPyæþ {´ëÆæÿ… À…^é-Ææÿ$? f. Ðèþ${§é-çÜ$-ÌZ. � †ËMŠü çßZÐŒþ$-Ææÿ*ÌŒý E§æþÅ-Ðèþ*°² GMæüPyæþ {´ëÆæÿ…À…^éÆæÿ$? f. »Ÿ…»ê-Æÿ$$-ÌZ. � A°-¼-òÜ…sŒý {´ëÆæÿ…À…_¯èþ ç³{†-MæüË$ ? f. M>Ðèþ$-¯Œþ-ÒÌŒ,ý ¯èþ*Å C…yìþ-Äæý*. � çßZÐŒþ$-Ææÿ*ÌŒý Ë„æüÅ…V> {ç³Mæü-sìý…_-¯èþ¨ H¨? f. çÜÓÆ>-gŒý. � ""ÝëÓ™èþ…{™èþÅ… ¯é f¯èþÃ çßýMæü$P'' A° °¯é§æþ… C_a…¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. †Ë-MŠü. � {¼sîý‹Ù {ç³¿æý$™èþÓ… Gç³šyæþ$ Ðèþ$…sôý-Væü$&^ðþÐŒþ$Þ-çœÆŠÿz çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ýË$ ^óþíÜ…¨? f. 1919. � 1909ÌZ ^óþíÜ¯èþ ^èþrt…¯èþ$ HÐèþ$…sê-Ææÿ$? f. Ñ$…sZ Ðèþ*ÆóÿÏ çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ý-Ë$. � A°-¼-òÜ…sŒý H §óþÔèý-çÜ$®-Æ>-Ë$? f. IÆ>Ï…yŠþ. � ÆúË™Œþ ^èþrt…¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sìýt…¨? f. 1919 Ðèþ*Ça. � fÍ-Äæý$-¯Œþ-Ðé-Ìê-»êVŠü çÜ…çœ$-r-¯èþMæü$ M>Ææÿ-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ f¯èþ-ÆæÿÌŒý GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. yæþÄæý$Å-ÆŠÿ. � fÍ-Äæý$¯Œþ ÐéÌê-»êVŠü F^èþ-Mø™èþ fÇ-W¯èþ Æøk? f. H{í³ÌŒý 13, 1919. � fÍ-Äæý$-¯Œþ-Ðé-Ìê-»êVŠü çÜ…çœ$-r-¯èþMæü$ °Ææÿ-çÜ-¯èþV> ¯ðþOsŒý-

^óþíÜ…¨? f. yé…Vóü, Ðèþ$$f-çœÆŠÿ Bçß-Ðèþ$Ã-§Šþ. � H çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-Ææÿ…ÌZ MæüÐèþ$*Å-°‹Üt ´ëÈt HÆ>µr$ AÆÿ$$Å…¨? f. 1925ÌZ. � MæüÐèþ$*Å-°‹Üt C…r-Æóÿ²-çÙ-¯èþ-ÌŒýMæü$ G°²Mæü M>º-yìþ¯èþ ¿êÆæÿ-¡Äæý$$-yæþ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. GÐŒþ$.-G¯Œþ.Æ>ÄŒý$. � íßý…§æþ* Çç³-¼Ï-Mæü¯Œþ AÝù-íÜ-Äôý$-çÙ¯Œþ Gç³šyæþ$ HÆ>µr$ AÆÿ$$…¨? f. 1924ÌZ. � íßý…§æþ*-Ýë®¯Œþ ÝùçÙ-Í‹Üt Çç³-¼Ï-Mæü¯Œþ AÝù-íÜ-Äôý$-çÙ¯Œþ Ýë®ç³Mæü$-yæþ$? f. ^èþ…{§æþ-Ôóý-QÆŠÿ Bgê-§Šþ. � ç³…gê»Œý íÜ…çßý… A° GÐèþ-Ç° A…sê-Ææÿ$? f. ÌêÌê Ëf-ç³-†-Æ>-ÄŒý$ � òÜOÐèþ$¯Œþ MæüÒ$-çÙ¯Œþ G§æþ$r Ìêw §ðþº¾Ë$ †°-Ðèþ$-Ææÿ-×ìý…^èþ¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. ÌêÌê-Ë-f-ç³-†-Æ>-ÄŒý$. � Ýë…yæþ-ÆŠÿÞ¯èþ$ ^èþ…í³-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. ¿æýVæü-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü, ^èþ…{§æþ-Ôóý-Q-ÆŠÿþ. � Móü…{§æþ-Ôé-çÜ¯èþ çÜ¿æýÌZ »ê…º$Ë$ ÐóþíÜ-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. ¿æýVæü-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü, ¼.Mðü.-§æþ-™Œþ. � ¿æýVæü-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$ EÇ ¡Ýë-Ææÿ$? f. 23Ðèþ*Ça, 1931ÌZ. � Gç³šyæþ$ ÔéçÜ¯èþ çÜ¿æýÌZ ¿æýVæü-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü, §æþ™èþ$¢Ë$ »ê…º$Ë$ ÐóþÔéÆæÿ$? f. H{í³ÌŒý 8, 1929. � »ñý…V>-ÌŒýÌZ GÐèþÇ ¯éÄæý$-Mæü-™éÓ¯èþ BÄæý$$-«§é-V>-Æ>°² §ø^èþ$-Mæü$-¯é²-Ææÿ$? f. çÜ*ÆæÿÅ-õÜ-¯Œþ. � çÜ*ÆæÿÅ-õÜ-¯Œ¯èþ$ Gç³šyæþ$ EÇ-¡-Ôé-Ææÿ$? f. 1933 � òÜOÐèþ$¯Œþ MæüÒ$-çÙ¯Œþ Gç³šyæþ$ ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-§óþÔèý… Ðèþ_a…¨? f. íœ{º-ÐèþÇ 3, 1927ÌZ.

ç³NÆæÿ~-çÜÓ-Æ>-fÅÐóþ$ ™èþÐèþ$-«§óþÅÄæý$… A° M>…{Vðü¯Œþ GMæüPyæþ {ç³Mæü-sìý…_…¨? f. 1929 ÌêçßZ-ÆŠÿ-ÌZ � H ¼Ë$Ï BÐðþ*-§é-°Mìü ÐèþÅ†-Æóÿ-Mæü…V> ¿æýVæü-™Œþ-íÜ…VŠü »ê…º$ ÐóþòÜ-¯èþ$? f. {ç³gê -Ææÿ-Ðé×ê ý-¼-Ë$Ï-Mæü$. � gñýOâæýå-ÌZ° §æþ$ÆæÿÂÆæÿ ç³Ç-íÜ®-™èþ$-ËMæü$ ÐèþÅ™èþ-†-Æóÿ-Mæü…V> °Æ>ÿà-Ææÿ-©-„æüÌZ Ðèþ$Ææÿ-×ìý…_…¨? f. f¡-¯Œþ-§é-‹Ü. � ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-gê-¡Äæý$ M>…{Vðü‹Ü H Æøk¯èþ ™öÍ ÝëÓ™èþ…{™èþÅ ¨¯ø-™èþÞ-Ðèþ…V> {ç³Mæü-sìý…_…¨? f. 26 f¯èþ-ÐèþÇ, 1930. � òÜOÐèþ$¯Œþ MæüÒ$-çÙ¯Œþ A«§æþÅ-„æü$yæþ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. çÜÆŠÿ-gê¯Œþ òÜOÐèþ$-¯Œþ. � òÜOÐèþ$¯Œþ MæüÒ$-çÙ¯Œþ¯èþ$ ¿êÆæÿ-¡-Äæý$$Ë$ ÐèþÅ†-Æóÿ-Mìü…^èþ-yé-°Mìü M>Ææÿ-×ý…? f. JMæüP ¿êÆæÿ-¡-Äæý$$yæþ$ Mæü*yé ÌôýMæü-´ù-Ðèþ-yæþ…. � GMæüPyæþ fÇ-W¯èþ çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý…ÌZ òÜOÐèþ$¯Œþ MæüÒ$-çÙ¯Œþ ¯èþ$ ÐèþÅ†-Æóÿ-Mìü…^é-Ë° M>…{Vðü‹Ü ¡Æ>Ã-°…_…¨? f. Ðèþ${§é-‹Ü. � Eç³š çÜ™éÅ-{Væüçßý… fÇ-W¯èþ çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-Ææÿ…? f. 1930. � Eç³š çÜ™éÅ-{Væüçßý…Mæü$ Ðèþ$ÆöMæü õ³Ææÿ$? f. §æþ…yìþ çÜ™éÅ-{Væü-çßý…. � §æþ…yìþ-Äæý*{™èþ H ™óþ©¯èþ Ðèþ$$W-íÜ…¨? f. H{í³-ÌŒý 6, 1930. � §æþ…yìþ-Äæý*{™èþ H ™óþ©¯èþ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý-Ððþ$O…¨? f. Ðèþ*ÆŠÿa 12, 1930. � §æþ…yìþ-Äæý*{™èþÌZ ´ëÌŸY-¯èþ²¨ G…™èþ-Ðèþ$…¨? f. 78 Ðèþ$…¨. � §æþ…yìþ-Äæý*{™èþÌZ ´ëÌŸY¯èþ² B…{«§æþ$yæþ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. GÆóÿ²° çÜ${º-Ðèþ$-×Åý …. � Væü¸ë-ÆRê¯Œþ HÆ>µr$ ^óþíÜ¯èþ §æþâæý… õ³Ææÿ$? f. Q$§ðþO Mìü§Šþ-Ðèþ$™Œþ V>ÆŠÿÞ. � Q$§ðþO Mìü§æþÃ-™Œþ-V>ÆŠÿÞ A¯èþV> ? f. §óþÐèþ#° õÜÐèþ-Mæü$-Ë$. � Q$§ðþO Mìü§æþÃ-™Œþ-V>-ÆŠÿÞMæü$ Ðèþ$ÆöMæü õ³Ææÿ$? f. ÆðÿyŠþ çÙÆŠÿtüÞ-. � Ððþ$$§æþsìý Æú…yŠþ sôýº$ÌŒý çÜÐèþ*-ÐóþÔèý… Gç³šyæþ$ fÇW…¨? f. 1930ÌZ. � Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ Æú…yŠþ-sôý-º$ÌŒý çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý… Gç³šyæþ$ fÇ-W…¨? f. 1931ÌZ. � G¯èþ²Ðèþ Æú…yŠþ-sôý-º$ÌŒý çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôè-ý°Mìü V>…«© çßýf-Ææÿ-Äæý*ÅÆæÿ$? f. Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ (1931), � Ðèþ$*yæþÐèþ Æú…yŠþ sôýº$ÌŒý çÜÐèþ*-ÐóþÔèý… Gç³šyæþ$ fÇW…¨? f. 1932ÌZ. � Ðèþ$*yæþ$ çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôé-ËMæü$ çßýf-Ææÿ-Æÿ$$-¯èþ¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. A…»ôý-§æþPÆŠÿ, h¯é². � Æú…yŠþ sôýº$ÌŒý çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-ÔéË$ GMæüPyæþ fÇ-V>-Æÿ$$? f. Ë…yæþ-¯Œþ-ÌZ. � ¿êÆæÿ™èþ {ç³¿æý$™èþÓ ^èþrt… Gç³šyæþ$ AÐèþ$-ÌZÏMìü Ðèþ_a…¨? f. 1935ÌZ. � Æ>Úë‰-ËÌZ §æþÓ…§æþÓ ´ëË-¯èþ¯èþ$ Ææÿ§æþ$ª-^óþ-íÜ¯èþ ^èþrt…? f. 1935 ¿êÆæÿ™èþ ^èþrt…. � AÐèþ*-Äæý$-Mæü$-ÌñýO¯èþ {ç³f-Ëò³O M>Ë$µË$ fÆæÿ-ç³-sê-°Mìü °Æ>Mæü-Ç…_…¨ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. VðüOÆŠÿ-ÐéÌŒý òÜO°-Mæü-§æþâæý… (ò³-Úë-Ðèþ-ÆŠÿ-). � fÆæÿÃ± H §óþÔèý…¯èþ$ B{Mæü-Ñ$…^èþ$-Mø-Ðèþ-yæþ…™ø Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ {ç³ç³…^èþ Äæý$$§æþ®… {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý-Ððþ$O…¨? f. ´ùÌñý…yŠþ. � H ™óþ©¯èþ fÆæÿÃ± ´ùÌñý…yŠþò³O §æþ…yðþ-†¢…¨? f. òÜò³t…ºÆŠÿ 1, 1939¯èþ. � Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ {ç³ç³…^èþ-Äæý$$§æþ®… Gç³šyæþ$ {´ëÆæÿ…¿æý-Ððþ$O…¨? f. 1939ÌZ. � MìüÓsŒý C…yìþÄæý*E§æþÅÐèþ$… HçÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-Ææÿ…ÌZ fÇ-W…¨? f. 1942 BVæüçÜ$t 8¯èþ. � "çÜÇ-çßý§æþ$ª V>…«¨' A° í³Ë$-Ðèþ-º-yóþ-ÐéÆæÿ$ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? f. Rê¯Œþ Aº$ªÌŒý Væü¸ë-ÆŠÿ-Rê-¯Œþ. �

13 øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 3 ì÷Ùñô¢ª 2018 -

îμªÙåöËÀ ÓGLæ©öËº Þœè…óŸ«ô¢Ù ÍëÅ¯uóŸªÙ ìªÙ# ví£øŒoõª ô¢ÚÛô¢Ú¥õªÞ¥ Íè[ªÞœªêŸªÙæ°ô¢ª. ÚÁé°õª, è…vUöËºx Ú•Eo ÑÙçË¶, Íë]ÌÙöËº ví£AGÙñÙ ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥ ÷ªJÚ•Eo ÑÙæ°ô³. ÷³õªxõª î ¶ÞœÙÞ¥, îμªõxÞ¥ Aô¢ªÞœªêŸ« ú£÷ªóŸªÙ êŸí£±pÞ¥ àŸ«í‡ÙàŸè[Ùšíj ÚÛ«è¯ ví£øŒoõª ÷þ§hô³. ÍòÅ¡uô¢ª–õª ÍEoÙæ¨F þ§ëÅ]ì à¶óŸªè[Ù Í÷ú£ô¢Ù.

email: help@eenadupratibha.net

Î Þœè…óŸ«ô¢Ù Íë]ÌÙöËº ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ?

Þœè…óŸ«ô¦õª 3, -4 ÞœÙåõ ÷ªëÅ]u ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u Ô ú£÷ªóŸªÙöËº ú£ô¢-üŒ- ÚÁéÙ Ôô¢p-è[ª-êŸªÙC? á:- x < 6 Íô³ê¶, x ÞœÙåõ (5x + 30) 12 E.õÚÛª 11 šíj ú£«vêŸÙ ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥ ÏÚÛ\è[ x = 3, x < 6 12 Ú¥-ñæ¨d (5x + 30) 12 = [5(3) + 30] 11 11

ví£:

12 540 1 = 45 u = = 49 11 11 11 ? 3

ÞœÙåõ 49 Ôô¢p-è[ª-êŸªÙC.

ENª-ÿ§õª.-

1 11

- ENª-ÿ§õ êŸô¦yêŸ ú£ô¢-üŒ- ÚÁéÙ

·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ 5 ÞœÙåõ 20 ENª-ÿ§-õÚÛª ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ ÓÙêŸ? þ§ëÅ]ì:- Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¢ÙöËº ÞœÙåõ ÷³õªx 1 ÞœÙåöËº AJ¸Þ ÚÁéÙ = 30q 5 ÞœÙåõ 20 ENª-ÿ§-õÚÛª, ÍÙçË¶ 5 -: 20 ÞœÙåõª 20 1 = 5 ÞœÙåõª = 5 ÞœÙåõª 3 -60 16 = ÞœÙåõª

ví£:

âËμ.N.ÓúÃ.ô¦÷± Nù£óŸª Eí£±éªõª ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ cTe Íô³ê¶, T =

16 ? 3

îμªÙåöËÀ ÓGLæ©

~30 H m~, 2

- ÞœÙåõª - ENª-ÿ§õª

ÞœÙåöËºx #ìo ÷³õªx AJ¸Þ ÚÁéÙ šíj ú£«vêŸÙ ìªÙ#,

16 = u 30 = 160q 3

šíë]Ì- ÷³õªx sENª-ÿ§õ ÷³õªxz 1 ENª-ù£ÙöËº AJ¸Þ ÚÁéÙ = 6q ? 20 ENªÿ§öËºx šíë]Ì ÷³õªx AJ¸Þ ÚÁéÙ = 20 u 6q = 120q ? 5

ÞœÙåõ 20 ENª-ÿ§-õÚÛª ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ = 160q - 120q = 40q ú£Ù¤¨í£h í£ë]ÌÄA:- ÖÚÛ EJÌù£d ú£÷ª-óŸªÙöËº Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¢ÙöËº

ûÁ æ© úÃ òËº ô¢ª“ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑëÁuÞ¥õª

H = 5, m = 20

11 T = ~30(5) (20)~=~150 110~= 40q 2

Í-ë]ÌÙöËº ví£A-GÙñÙ ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ví£: ÖÚÛ Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¢Ù 4:30 ÞœÙå-õ ú£÷ªóŸ«Eo ú£«#›úh, Íë]ÌÙöËº Î Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ÓÙêŸ? þ§ëÅ]ì: ú£«vêŸÙ:- Íë]ÌÙöËº ví£A-GÙñÙ ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ = 12 Ï#aì ú£÷ªóŸªÙ šíj ú£«vêŸÙ ìªÙ#, 4:30 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª Íë]ÌÙöËº Þœè…-

ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh ô¢ªú£ª÷³: ×úˆ, HúˆöËÚÛª: ô¢«.600, Óúˆq, ÓúˆdöËÚÛª: ô¢«.300 H ÎûËÂöËμjûËÂ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhöË ví£vÚ¨óŸª ê¶Dõª: ì÷ÙñôÂ 5 ìªÙ# 24 ÷ô¢ÚÛª. H vð§ëÇ]NªÚÛ í£K¤Û ê¶D: 16.12.2018.

ÔíˆöËº 334 Óšújq, ÎôÂÓšújq ð¼ú£ªdõª

îËμòËÀšújæËÀ:

http://slprb.ap.gov.in

ÎÙvëÅ]ví£ë¶øËÂ ï£°Ë ºÙø‹Ü í£JCÅöËº Ú¨ÙC ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ Ôíˆ ð¼Mú£ª EóŸ«÷ªÚÛ ÷ªÙè[L ûËÁæ¨íÆ‡¸Úù£ûËÂ â°K à¶ú‡ÙC. H ð¼ú£ªdnÝ°Sõª: ú‡NöËÀ Óšújq s÷ªï‡°üŒõª, í£±ô¢ªù£ªõªzn 150, ÔÎôÂ ÎôÂÓšújq s÷ªï‡°üŒõª, í£±ô¢ªù£ªõªzn 75, ÔíˆÓúˆp ÎôÂÓšújq sí£±ô¢ªù£ªõªzn 75, è…í£²uæ© âËμjöËôÂ sí£±ô¢ªù£ªõªzn 10, è…í£²uæ© âËμjöËôÂ s÷ªï‡°üŒõªzn 4, ›údù£ûËÂ šíÆjôÂ ÎíÆˆú£ôÂ sí£±ô¢ªù£ªõªzn 20. îμ³êŸhÙ ð¼ú£ªdõª: 334. H Në¯uô¢|êŸ: ò°u#õôÂ è…vU ÑBhô¢gêŸ. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: vð§ëÇ]NªÚÛs›íí£ôÂ 1,2z, ë¶ï£°ë¯ô¢ªèÅ[usíˆÓÙæ©, íˆÐæ©z, ví£ëÅ¯ì í£K¤Ûõª, vëÅ]ª÷í£vê¦öË í£JQöËì ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥.

Ú¥E›údñªöËÀq & Óšúj¬q, ÎôÂíˆÓíÆÃ ví£ê¶uÚÛÙ

ô¢àŸô³êŸ

ÏÙè…óŸªûËÂ ÚÁúÃd Þ¥ôÂ“ H

ÏÙè…óŸªûËÂ ÚÁúÃd Þ¥ôÂ“n Ú¨ÙC vò°ÙàŸªöËºx Íú‡šúdÙæËÀ ÚÛ÷«ÙèËμÙæËÀ ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡Kh ÚÁú£Ù ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC. H ÓÙvæ©: áìô¢öËÀ è[«uæ©, áìô¢öËÀ è[«uæ©sÓúÃÓúÃÔz, ÚÛ÷ªJ{óŸªöËÀ šíjöËæËÀ, ö°. H Íô¢|êŸõª: ð¼ú£ªdìª Íìªú£JÙ# ú£ÙñÙCÅêŸ NòÅ°ÞœÙöËº 60% ÷«ô¢ª\öËêÁ ÏÙæôÂ, ò°u#öËôÂ è…vUsHÐ/ HçËμÚÂ, ö°z, ÚÛ÷ªJ{óŸªöËÀ šíjöËæËÀ öËμjšúûËÂq ÑBhô¢gêŸêÁ ð§åª EJÌù£d ø‹Kô¢ÚÛ ví£÷«é°õª êŸí£pEú£J. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: ›úddâË À 1, 2 í£K¤Ûõª, ë¶ï£°ë¯ô¢ªèÅ[u í£K¤Ûõª, vëÅ]ª÷í£vê¦öË í£JQöËì ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥.

óŸ«ô¢Ù ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ = 12 -4:-30 = 7:-30 ÞœÙåõª ví£: Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¢ÙöËº ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ 35q ÑÙC.- Íë]ÌÙöËº ÚÛEí‡Ùà¶ ë¯E ví£A-GÙ-ñÙöËº ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ ÓÙêŸ? þ§ëÅ]ì:- ví£A-GÙ-ñÙöËº ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ ÷«ô¢ë]ª.Ú¥ñæ¨d ví£A-GÙ-ñÙöËº ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÚÁéÙ = 35q

êŸí£±pÞ¥ ú£«#›úh ú£·ôjì ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ÚÛìª-ÚÁ\-¬-÷è[Ù ví£: ÖÚÛ Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù ÖÚÛ ÞœÙå ú£÷ª-óŸªÙöËº 5 ENª-ÿ§õª ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ú£«#ú£ªhÙC.- Î Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¦Eo Ñë]óŸªÙ 8 H

ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ú£J-à¶›úh Íë¶ ôÁV ô¦vA 8 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª Î Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ÓÙêŸ? þ§ëÅ]ì:- ÚÛ#a-êŸ-îμªiì Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù Ñë]óŸªÙ 8 ÞœÙåõ ìªÙ# ô¦vA 8 ÞœÙåõ ÷ô¢ÚÛª, îμ³êŸhÙ 12 ÞœÙåõª í£²Jh à¶ú£ªhÙC.Ú¥F, Ð Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¢Ù ÞœÙåÚÛª 5 ENª-ÿ§õª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.Ú¥ñæ¨d 12 ÞœÙå-öËºx, 12 u 5 = 60 ENª-ÿ§õª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.? Íë¶ ôÁV ô¦vA Ð Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù 9 ÞœÙå-õìª ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.ví£: ÖÚÛ Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù ÖÚÛ ÞœÙåöËº 5 ENª-ÿ§õª êŸÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ú£«#ú£ªhÙC.- Î Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¦Eo ÖÚÛ- ôÁV Ñë]óŸªÙ 7 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ú£J-à¶›úh, Íë¶ ôÁV ÷ªëÅ¯uï£°oÙ 2 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ? þ§ëÅ]ì:- ÚÛ#a-êŸ-îμªiì ú£÷ª-óŸ«Eo ú£«#Ùà¶ Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù.Ñë]óŸªÙ 7 ÞœÙåõ ìªÙ# ÷ªëÅ¯uï£°oÙ 2 ÞœÙå-õ÷-ô¢ÚÛª, îμ³êŸhÙ 7 ÞœÙåõª í£²Jh -à¶-ú£ªhÙC.7 ÞœÙåöËºx Ð Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù, êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#Ùà¶ îμ³êŸhÙ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ 7 u 5 = 35 ENª-ÿ§õª ? -÷ªëÅ¯uï£°oÙ 2 ÞœÙåõÚÛª Ð Þœè…óŸ«ô¢Ù ú£«#Ùà¶ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ 1 : 25 pm ví£: ÖÚÛ Þœè…óŸ«ô¢Ù ÖÚÛ ÞœÙåÚÛª 5 ENªÿ§õª êŸÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ú£«#ú£ªhÙC. Î Þœè…óŸ«ô¦Eo þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù Ñë]óŸªÙ 6 ÞœÙåõÚÛª ú£Jà¶›úh, ÍC ÷ªSx ÚÛ#aêŸîμªiì ú£÷ªóŸ«Eo Óí£±pè[ª ú£«#ú£ªhÙC? þ§ëÅ]ì:- ÞœÙåÚÛª 5 ENª-ÿ§õª êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#Ùà¶ Þœè…óŸ«ô¢Ù, ÚÛ#a-êŸ-îμªiì ú£÷ª-óŸ«Eo ú£«#Ù-à¦-õÙçË¶ 12 ÞœÙåõª êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#Ù-à¦L.ë]ê¦hÙøŒÙ ví£Ú¥ô¢Ù ÖÚÛ ÞœÙåöËº 5 ENª-ÿ§õª êŸÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ú£«#ú£ªhÙC.12 ENª-ÿ§öËºx 1 ENªù£Ù êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#ú£ªhÙC.? 12 ÞœÙåõª êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ú£«#Ù-à¦-õÙçË¶ 12 u 60 = 720 ENª-ÿ§õª = 720 u 12 = 8640 ENª-ÿ§õª = 144 ÞœÙåõª = 6 ôÁVõª ÍÙçË¶ þ¼÷ª-î¦ô¢Ù Ñë]óŸªÙ 6 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ú£J-à¶-ú‡ì Þœè…-óŸ«ô¢Ù, ÷ªSx 6 ôÁVõ êŸô¦yêŸ ÎC-î¦ô¢Ù Ñë]óŸªÙ 6 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ú£·ôjì ú£÷ª-óŸ«Eo ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.-

ví£î ¶ø‹õª

ÎûËÂöËμjûËÂ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh ví£vÚ¨óŸª ê¶Dõª: ì÷ÙñôÂ 18 ìªÙ# 30 ÷ô¢ÚÛª. http://joinindiancoastguard.gov.in

êŸ«ô¢ªpÞÁë¯÷J >ö°xöËº ÓÙíˆÐîËÁõª H

êŸ«ô¢ªpÞÁë¯÷J >ö°x ÷u÷þ§óŸª ø‹ÜöËº Öí£pÙë] vð§Aí£CÚÛì Ú¨ÙC ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª. H ð¼ú£ªdnÝ°Sõª: ñï£‚üŒ ví£óμ«áì ÷u÷þ§óŸª Nú£hô¢é°CÅÚ¥ô¢ªõªn 28. H Íô¢|êŸ: HÓúˆqsÍvTÚÛöËaôÂ/ ï£„JdÚÛöËaôÂ/ vèËμjö°ÙèÂ ÍvTÚÛöËaôÂz öË¶ë¯ ÍvTÚÛöËaô¢öËÀ ð§LçËμÚ¨oÚÂ, è…ð»x÷« súˆèÂ çËμÚ¥oöË@/ ð§xÙæËÀ vð»æ¤ÛûËÂ/ Îô¦_EÚÂ ðÆ§JtÙÞÂ/ ï£„JdÚÛöËaôÂz öË¶ë¯ òËºæF ú£òËμbÚÛªdÞ¥ vÞ¥è[ªuó¶ªù£ûËÂ ÑBhô¢gêŸ. H ÷óŸªú£ª: 18n40 ÔüŒx ÷ªëÅ]u ÑÙè¯L. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: Në¯uô¢|êŸ ÷«ô¢ª\õª, ÏÙæô¢«yu ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥. H ÎíÆÃöËμjûËÂ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh #÷Jê¶C: 09.11.18.

îËμòËÀšújæËÀ: https://eastgodavari.nic.in

EîÂªqöËº íˆšï°àÂè† vð¼vÞ¥Ù H

šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂöËºE Eâ°îÂªq ÏûËÂú‡då«uæËÀ ÎíÆÃ îμªè…ÚÛöËÀ šújûμqúÃsEîÂªqzn íˆšï°àÂè† vð¼vÞ¥ÙöËº ví£îË¶ø‹öËÚÛª êμöËÙÞ¥é ÍòÅ¡uô¢ª–öË ìªÙ# ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC. H šúpÿ§Læ©õª: Ó÷ª·ôbFq îμªè…ú‡ûËÂ, îμªè…ÚÛöËÀ ÍÙÚ¥öË@, îμªè…ÚÛöËÀ âËμûμæ¨ÚÂq, îμªivÚÁñóŸ«öË@, ûμvðÆ§öË@, ì«uô¦öË@, ì«uôÁú£ô¢bK, í£öËtìK îμªè…ú‡ûËÂ, ô¢ª÷ªæ°öË@, ú£JbÚÛöËÀ Þ¥uvþ¼d ÓÙæô¦öË@. H îμ³êŸhÙ úˆåªx: 28.H Íô¢|êŸ: öËμjíÆÃ šújûμqúÃöËº ÷«ú£dôÂq è…vU, ÓÙè† sÎóŸ³¸ôyCÚÂ îμªè…ú‡ûËÂz, ÓÙíˆæ©, ÓÙHHÓúÃ, íˆ@ sÓÙè†/ ÓÙÓúÃ/ è†ÓûËÂHz ÑBhô¢gêŸ. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: ví£îË¶øŒ í£K¤Û, ÏÙæô¢«yu ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥. H ÎûËÂöËμjûËÂ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhÚÛª #÷Jê¶C: 15.11.2018. H ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh ï£„ôÂ“Ú¥íˆöËìª í£Ùí£è¯EÚ¨ #÷Jê¶C: 17.11.2018. https://nims.edu.in ÷ªJEo ûÁæ¨íÆ‡¸Úù£ìx ÚÁú£Ù www.eenadupratibha.net àŸ«è[÷àŸªa

12 øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 3 ì÷Ùñô¢ª 2018 -

ÎJ–ÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥EÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ# êŸô¢àŸ« NEí‡Ùà¶ í£ë]Ù @è†íˆ. ÏC ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ú‡–AE ví£AíÆ£Lú£ªhÙC. @è†íˆ ÍÙçË¶ ÔNªæ¨? ÍÙë]ªöËº ÓEo ô¢Ú¥õª ÑÙæ°ô³? Óö° öËμÚ¨\þ§hô¢ª? @è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ¸ôåª ÍÙçË¶ ÔNªæ¨? îμ³ë]öËμjì÷Fo @è†íˆÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ# ð¼æ© í£K¤Ûõ ÍòÅ¡uô¢ª–õª êμõªú£ªÚÁî¦Lqì ÍÙø‹öË¶.

email: help@eenadupratibha.net

ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£–õÚÛª

Ñ-êŸpAh áJ-Tû¦, áô¢-Þœ-ÚÛ-ð¼-ô³û¦ NCÅÙà¶ í£ìªoõª, ú£Gq-è†õª

-ö°ÙuèÂ

vð§÷«é¨ÚÛ Ú•õ÷«ìÙ!

-Î-J–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ, @è†íˆ, ÏêŸô¢ ú£«#-ÚÛ-õªJ

ú£«–õ ë¶Q-óμ«-êŸpAh s@è†íˆz Íû¶C EKgêŸ sÔè¯Cz Ú¥õÙöËº ÖÚÛ ë¶øŒ vð§ë¶-PÚÛ ú£J-ï£°-ë]ªÌõ öËºí£õ ÑêŸp-êŸhô³ì ÍEo ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ vë]÷u Nõª÷.- @è†íˆ þ§ëÅ¯-ô¢-éÙÞ¥ Î ë¶øŒ @÷ì ví£÷«-é°Eo, ÎJ–ÚÛ þ¿òÅ°Þ¥uEo ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.- ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷-ú£–öËº ÍCÅÚÛ ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ ÑêŸpAh ÍÚÛ\è… ví£áõ ÍCÅÚÛ NE-óμ«Þœ þ§–ô³E êμõª-í£±-êŸªÙC.- ÍCÅÚÛ NE-óμ«Þœ þ§–ô³ ÍCÅÚÛ @÷ì ví£÷«é þ§–ô³E ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.-

ô¢-àŸô³-êŸ ë¯è… û¦ô¦óŸªé ô¦÷± Íú‡šúdÙæÀ vð»šíÆú£ôÂ J

òÅ°ÞœÙ Ú¥÷±.- Íô³ê¶ ú£Gq-è†-õìª Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛí£± ví£A-íÆ£-ö°öËºx òÅ°ÞœÙÞ¥ àŸ«í‡-þ§hô¢ª.-

N÷ªô¢):- àŸåd-ñ-ë]ÌÄÙ-Ú¥E ÷u÷-ï£„-ô¦õª, ví£òÅ¡ª-ê¦y-EÚ¨ öËμÚÛ\öËºx àŸ«í£E í£ìªo ÓÞœ-î ¶êŸ àŸô¢uõ ÷õx Î Îë¯óŸªÙ @è†íˆ í£J-CÅ-öËºÚ¨ ô¦ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù ví£ëÅ¯ì öËºí£Ù.- ú£÷«á ú£Ù¸¤-÷«-EÚ¨ ï£„E à¶›ú Ú¥õªù£uÙ ö°Ùæ¨N ÚÛõ-Þœ-âË¶›ú ìÿ§dõª @è†-íˆöËº öËμÚ¨\Ù-í£±-ìÚÛª êŸTì vð§A-EëÅ]uÙ ÷ï‡°Ù-àŸ÷±.-

@-è†íˆ öËμÚ¨\Ùí£± @-è†-íˆE öËμÚ¨\Ù-àŸ-è[ÙöËº ÷uóŸª í£ë]ÌÄA, ÑêŸpAh í£ë]ÌÄA, Îë¯óŸª í£ë]ÌÄA Íû¶ ÍÙø‹-õìª Ñí£-óμ«-T-þ§hô¢ª.- ÷uóŸª í£ë]ÌÄ-AöËº Í÷ªt-Ú¥-EÚ¨ ú‡ë]ÌÄÙÞ¥ Ñìo ÍÙA÷ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ îμ³êŸhÙ Nõª-÷ìª öËμÚ¨\›úh, ÑêŸpAh í£ë]ÌÄ-AöËº îμ³êŸhÙ ÑêŸpAh Nõª-÷öËº ìªÙ# ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ ÷uóŸ«-õìª Bú‡-î ¶ú‡, Nõª-÷ìª öËμÚ¨\-þ§hô¢ª.- ÑêŸpAh, ÷uóŸª í£ë]ÌÄ-êŸª-õÚÛª ÷ªëÅ]uú£–ÙÞ¥ Îë¯óŸª í£ë]ÌÄA ÑÙåªÙC.- ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy, wšíjî ¶åª ô¢ÙÞ¥öËºx îμ³êŸhÙ ë¶Q-óŸ«-ë¯-óŸ«Eo Îë¯óŸª í£ë]ÌÄ-AöËº ú£«#-þ§hô¢ª.òÅ°-ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙöËº @è†-íˆE ¸ÚÙvë] Þœé°ÙÚÛ ú£Ùú£– (CSO) ÍÙàŸû¦ î ¶ú£ªhÙC.- @è†-íˆ-í£-ô¢-îμªiì ÍÙàŸ-û¦õ í£ô¢ÙÞ¥ ví£í£Ù-àŸÙöËº òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ ÔèÁ ÍA-šíë]Ì ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷-ú£–Þ¥ ÎN-ô¢(Ä-NÙ-#ÙC.- Ú•ìª-ÞÁõª øŒÚ¨h ÎëÅ¯-JêŸ ÍÙàŸ-û¦õ (PPP) í£ô¢ÙÞ¥ òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ ví£í£Ù-àŸÙöËº àμjû¦, Íîμª-JÚ¥õ êŸô¦yêŸ êŸ”BóŸª þ§–ìÙöËº ÑÙC.-

û¦-÷ª-÷«-vêŸí£± @è†íˆ, î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ ÷ªëÅ]u ê¶è¯

áìô¢öËÀ ú£dè†úÃ ÏÙè…óŸªûÂ ÓÚ¥ìOª J

û¦-÷ª-÷«-vêŸí£± (Nominal) @è†íˆ = ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ ví£ú£ªhêŸ ÑêŸpAh u ví£ú£ªhêŸ ëÅ]ô¢-õªJ -î¦-ú£h÷ (Real) @-è†íˆ = - ví£ú£ªhêŸ ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õª u vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù ëÅ]ô¢õª sú‡–ô¢ ëÅ]ô¢õªz û¦÷ª-÷«-vêŸí£± @è†íˆ J @-è†íˆ è…›íÆx-åôÂ =- u 100 -î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ

@-è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª -ÖÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù @è†-íˆE ÞœêŸ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù @è†-íˆêÁ ð¼La, ø‹êŸÙöËº êμL-í‡ê¶ ë¯Eo @è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ô-åªÞ¥ àμñªê¦ô¢ª.- @è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ô-åªÞ¥ ›íô•\-ì-÷àŸªa.- Ð ÷”CÌÄ-¸ô-åªìª ø‹êŸÙöËº êμL-í‡-ì-í£±pè[ª ÍC ëÅ]û¦-êŸtÚÛÙ Ú¥÷àŸªa.- ô¢ªé°-êŸtÚÛÙ Ú¥÷àŸªa.@è†íˆ î¦-ú£h÷ @è†íˆ =- 1 +- vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢ vë]îËÁu-õ(-éÙ-J î¦-ú£h÷ @è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª ví£ú£ªhêŸ ú£Ù. î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ

-@-è†-íˆE ví£ú£ªhêŸ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx öËμÚ¨\›úh, ÍC û¦÷ª-÷«-vêŸí£± @è†íˆ.- ú‡–ô¢ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx öËμÚ¨\›úh ÍC î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ.-

Ú•-ìª-ÞÁõª øŒÚ¨h ÎëÅ¯-JêŸ òÅ°÷ì -ÖÚÛ ë¶øŒ ÷«·ô\æËºx Ú•ìo ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õìª ÍÙê¶ í£J-÷«-éÙöËº NNëÅ] ë¶ø‹öËºx Ú•ìª-ÞÁõª à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ Ú¥î¦-Lqì ìÞœ-ë]ªìª Ú•ìªÞÁõª øŒÚ¨h ÎëÅ¯JêŸ òÅ°÷ì sí£¸ôaÄ->ÙÞÂ í£÷ôÂ ð§Jæ© n PPP) ›íô•\Ù-åªÙC.DEo Íîμª-J-ÚÛûÂ è¯õ-ô¢xöËº ú£«#-þ§hô¢ª.- ·ôÙè[ª NGÅìo ë¶ø‹õ ÷ªëÅ]u Ú•ìª-ÞÁõª à¶óŸª-ë]-Tì ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ ÷«ô¢-ÚÛí£± ¸ôåªìª; ÎóŸ« ë¶ø‹õ ÚÛ#a-êŸ-îμªiì @÷ì ví£÷«-é°Eo PPP ú£«#-ú£ªhÙC.- Ú•ìª-ÞÁõª øŒÚ¨h ÎëÅ¯-JêŸ òÅ°÷-ììª ví£í£ÙàŸ ò°uÙÚÛª ÍÙ-àŸû¦ î ¶ú£ªhÙC.- 2014öËº ~17.-12 = US$1 Þ¥ ví£í£ÙàŸ ò°uÙÚÛª öËμÚÛ\-Þœ-æ¨dÙC.-

ÞœêŸ ú£Ù.-î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ = u ÞœêŸ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢ î¦ú£h÷ @è†íˆ

vð§-A-í£-CÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù

100

(Base year)

@-è†-íˆE Þœé¨Ù-à¶-å-í£±pè[ª ú‡–ô¢ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx î¦ú£h÷ @è†-íˆE Þœé¨Ù-à¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢ ëÅ]ô¢-õìª í£J-Þœ-é-ìöËºÚ¨ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª.- ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÷ªì ë¶øŒ @è†íˆ öËμÚ¨\Ùí£±öËº 2011n-12 ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¦Eo vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¢ÙÞ¥ í£J-Þœ-é¨-ú£ªh-û¦oô¢ª.-

Ú¥-ô¢-ÚÛí£±

(Factor)

÷uóŸªÙ

-Ñ-êŸpAh ví£vÚ¨-óŸªöËº Ñí£-óμ«-TÙà¶ Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥-öËμjì òÅ¡«Nª, vøŒ÷ª, ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ, ÷u÷-þ§–-í£ìÙ îμ³ë]-öËμjì î¦æ¨Ú¨ àμLxÙà¶ ví£AíÆ£-ö°-õìª Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛí£± ÷uóŸ«-õªÞ¥ àμí£p-÷àŸªa.- òÅ°åÚÛÙ, î ¶êŸìÙ, ÷è†“, ö°òÅ°õª Íû¶N Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛí£± ví£A-íÆ£-ö°-õªÞ¥ ›íô•\-ì-÷àŸªa.- í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª Íû¶N Ú¥ô¢-ÚÛí£± ÷uóŸ«öËºx

÷«-·ô\æÀ ëÅ]ô¢ -÷«-·ô\æËºx ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷-õÚÛª Ú•ìª-ÞÁ-õª-ë¯-ô¢ªè[ª àμLxÙà¶ ëÅ]ô¢.- ÏC ÖÚÛ ô¢ÚÛÙÞ¥ è…÷«ÙèÂ, ú£í£x-óÀª-õìª ñæ¨d Eô¢góŸª-÷ª-÷±-êŸªÙC.- Íô³ê¶ DEöËº í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª ÚÛõªþ§hô³.- Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥-õÚÛª õGÅÙà¶ ú£Gqè† Nõª-÷ìª Bú‡-î ¶-óŸ«L.-J ÷«-·ô\æÀ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @è†íˆ, ÑêŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u @è†íˆ ÷ªëÅ]u ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù: -Ñ-êŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u @è†íˆ = ÷«·ô\æÀ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @è†íˆ - í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª +- ú£Gq-è†õª J ú£«–õ Nõª÷ ÷ªCÙí£± (Gross Value Added), @-è†íˆ: @-OÔ +- í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª - ú£Gq-è†õª =- @è†-íˆ

·ôî μì«u, J>w›úd-ù£ûÂ íÆˆVõª, Îú‡h í£ìªo, ÷”Ah í£ìªo ö°Ùæ¨ í£ìªo-õìª vð»è[-ÚÛ{ûÂ í£ìªoõª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- væ°ÚÛd-ô¢xšíj ú£Gqè†, ô¢ªé°-õšíj ÷è†“ ÷«íÆˆ ö°Ùæ¨ î¦æ¨E vð»è[-ÚÛ{ûÂ ú£Gq-è†õª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- DEÚ¨ GÅìoÙÞ¥ ÑêŸpAh à¶ú‡ì êŸô¦yêŸ ÷ú£ªh-÷±-õšíj NCÅÙà¶ Ó·Új¬qâËÀ, Í÷ªtÚÛÙ, @ÓúÃæ©, ÓÞœª-÷ªA, CÞœª-÷ªA ú£ªÙÚ¥õìª vð»è[ÚÂd í£ìªo-õªÞ¥ ›íô•\Ù-æ°ô¢ª.- Îï£„ô¢Ù, Óô¢ª÷±õª, šívæËº-LóŸªÙ ÑêŸp-êŸªh-öËμjì Þ¥uúÃ îμ³ë]-öËμjì î¦æ¨Ú¨ Ïà¶a ú£Gq-è†-õìª vð»è[ÚÂd ú£Gq-è†õª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª

EKgêŸ Ú¥õÙ öË¶ë¯ ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢ Ú¥ö°-EÚ¨ ›íô•\Ù-æ°ô¢ª.@-ÓûÂíˆ (GNP) = @è†íˆ (GDP) + EÚÛô¢ Në¶-Q-Ú¥-ô¢ÚÛ Îë¯óŸªÙ.@-è†íˆ, @ÓûÂíˆ:- -ë¶øŒ vð§ë¶-PÚÛ ú£J-ï£°-ë]ªÌ-õÚÛª öËºñè… ÑêŸpAh à¶ú‡ì ÍÙA÷ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ vë]÷u Nõª÷ @è†íˆ.- ë¶Q-óŸ³õª vð§ë¶-PÚÛ ú£J-ï£°-ë]ªÌõ î μõª-í£õ (Abroad) ÑêŸpAh à¶ú‡ì ÍÙA÷ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ vë]÷u Nõª÷ @ÓûÂíˆ.êŸ-ô¢ª-Þœª-ë]õ (Depreciation): ú‡–ô¢ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ì NEóμ«-Þœî¶ª êŸô¢ª-Þœª-ë]õ.- ÍÙçË¶ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ì Îú£ªhõ NEóμ«ÞœÙ šíJ¸Þ Ú•DÌ êŸJ¸Þ Nõª÷.J EÚÛô¢ ë¶Q-óμ«-êŸpAh (NDP) ÷«-·ô\æÀ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx:ÓûÂ-è†íˆ (NDP) = @è†íˆ (GDP) êŸô¢ª-Þœª-ë]õ J â°B-óŸª-ë¯óŸªÙ öË¶ë¯ ÑêŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u EÚÛô¢ â°B-óμ«-êŸpAh:NNPgc = GNPmp Depreciation sêŸô¢ª-Þœª-ë]õz í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª +- ú£G(-è†õª â°B-óŸ«-ë¯óŸªÙ J êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ =- áû¦-òÅ°J î¦ú£h÷ êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ û¦÷ª-÷«-vêŸí£± (Nominal) êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ =- s1 +- vë]îËÁu-õ(é ¸ôåªz

Î-J–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄÚ¨ ú£·ôjì ú£«#ÚÛ s@è†íˆ öË¶ë¯ êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙz -á-û¦òÅ° ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª @è†íˆ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª ÚÛÙçË¶ ÍCÅ-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Ñìo-í£±pè[ª êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯-óŸªÙöËº êŸÞœª_-ë]õ ÚÛE-í‡-ú£ªhÙC.ÍÙë]ª¸Ú -cÎJ–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåªe- Þœé-ìÚÛª êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ ú£·ôjì ú£«#ÚÛ ÍE ›íô•\-ì-÷àŸªa.-

ÏÙ-vÚ¨-îμªÙ-åöËÀ Ú¥uí‡-åöËÀ n- Í÷±-æÀ-í£±æÀ Eù£pAh (ICOR):

@-OÔ, @è†íˆ -@-OÔ, @è†íˆ Íû¶N ÑêŸp-Ah-ë¯-ô¢ªõª, NE-óμ«-Þœ-ë¯-ô¢ªõ ÎJ–ÚÛ Ú¥ô¢u-ÚÛ-ö°-ð§õ ë¯yô¦ Eô¦ÌÄ-J-êŸ-÷ª-÷±-ê¦ô³.- @OÔ ÑêŸp-Ah-ë¯-ô¢ªõ EÚÛô¢ á÷ª Íô³ê¶, @è†íˆ NE-óμ«-Þœ-ë¯ô¢ªõ Üô¢ªa.- @è†íˆ Íû¶C @OÔ, EÚÛô¢ í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõ ú£Nªt-RêŸÙ.- @O-ÔE ÎJ–ÚÛ Ú¥ô¢u-ÚÛ-ö°-ð§-EÚ¨ ú£·ôjì ú£«#ÚÛÞ¥ àμí£p-÷àŸªa.- ÏÙë]ªöËº í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõ ví£òÅ°÷Ù ÑÙè[ë]ª.- 2015 áì-÷J ìªÙ# ¸ÚÙvë] Þœé°ÙÚÛ ú£Ùú£– (CSO) NNëÅ] ô¢ÙÞ¥-õ-î¦-KÞ¥ @OÔ ÍÙàŸ-û¦-õìª vð§ô¢ÙGÅÙ-#ÙC.J vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @OÔ (GVA) = ÑêŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u @OÔ +- í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª ú£Gq-è†-õªJ ÷«·ô\æÀ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @è†íˆ =- vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @OÔ +- í£ôÁ¤Û í£ìªoõª - ú£Gq-è†õª

vð§-A-í£-CÚÛ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx @OÔ ÷uóŸªÙ

(GVA) Vs

Ú¥-ô¢-Ú¥õ

-÷ª-ëÅ]uÙ-êŸô¢ ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ Nõª÷, ÍÙA÷ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ Nõª÷ ÷ªëÅ]u ê¶è¯ìª @O-ÔÞ¥ ›íô•\-ì-÷àŸªa.- ÍÙA÷ª ÷ú£ªh-÷±õ Nõª-÷ìª vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx, ÑêŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u àμí£p-÷àŸªa.- ÑêŸp-Ah-ë¯-ô¢ªè… ë]”ÿ§d¬u ÷ú£ªh÷±õª, ›ú÷õ Nõª-÷ìª vð§A-í£-CÚÛ ëÅ]ô¢öËºx àμí‡p-ìçË¶x ÑêŸpAh Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õ ÜKë]ª ë]”ÿ§d¬u ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ Nõª÷ ÍN ð»Ùë¶ Îë¯-óŸ«-õÚÛª öË¶ë¯ ví£A-íÆ£-ö°-õÚÛª ú£÷«ìÙ.-

ú£«–õ â°B-óμ«-êŸpAh

(Gross National

Product - GNP)

ë¶øŒÙ öËºí£õ, î μõª-í£õ (abroad) ë¶Q-óŸ³õª ÑêŸpAh à¶ú‡ì ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª, ›ú÷õ Nõª÷.- þ§ëÅ¯-ô¢-éÙÞ¥ DEo

Ñ-ð§CÅ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ì þ§÷ª-ô¢–¬uÙ, ÑêŸpAh ÷ªëÅ]u ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù êμõª-í£±-êŸªÙC.- ÖÚÛ ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª Eô¦ÌÄô¢-éÚÛª DEo vð§A-í£-C-ÚÛÞ¥ Bú£ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°ô¢ª.Ñë¯:- 9%- ÷”CÌÄ-¸ôåª þ§CÅÙ-à¦-õÙçË¶ ICOR 4Þ¥ Eô¦ÌÄJ›úh Íí£±pè[ª šíåªd-ñè… ÷”CÌÄ 36%- ÑÙè¯L.(9 u 4 =- 36) ÍÙçË¶ ÖÚÛ ô¢«ð§ô³ Nõª-î μjì ÷ú£«hêŸp-AhÚ¨ Ú¥î¦-Lqì Íë]-ìí£± ÷´õ-ëÅ]-û¦Eo ICOR êμõª-í£±êŸªÙC.- ÏÙÚ•ÚÛ ô¢ÚÛÙÞ¥ àμð§p-õÙçË¶ 32 ô¢«ð§-óŸªõ šíåªd-ñ-è…êÁ 8 ô¢«ð§-óŸªõª Nõª-î μjì ÷ú£«h-êŸpAh áJ-TÙë]-ìª-ÚÛªÙçË¶ 32 ICOR Nõª÷ 4 Í÷±-êŸªÙC.- ( =- 4) ÍÙçË¶ ÖÚÛ -8 óŸ´EæÀ ÑêŸp-AhÚ¨ 4 óŸ´Eåx ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ Ú¥î¦L ÍE Íô¢–Ù.- ICOR Nõª÷ šíJ-TÙ-ë]ÙçË¶ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ì Ñð§ÙêŸ þ§÷ª-ô¢–¬uÙ êŸT_Ù-ë]E Íô¢–Ù.- ICOR šíåªd-ñè…, -cÎJ–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄe- ÷ªëÅ]u ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù êμõª-í£±-êŸªÙC.S Î-J–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ G = DEöËº 'S' Íû¶C GDP öËº V ð»ë]ªí£± ø‹êŸÙ 'V' Íû¶C Ú¥uí‡-åöËÀ Í÷±-æÀ-í£±æÀ Eù£pAh.êŸÚÛª\÷ ICOR Nõª÷ ÍCÅÚÛ Ñð§ÙêŸ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ì þ§÷ªô¦–-¬uEo êμõª-í£±-êŸªÙC.ð»ë]ªí£± ð»-ë]ªí£± ¸ôåª =- -Îë¯óŸªÙ u 100 -Î-J–ÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ šíåªd-ñè… ¸ôåª, ICOR šíj ÎëÅ¯-ô¢-í£è… ÑÙåªÙC.ÖÚÛ ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¢ÙöËº îμ³êŸhÙ šíåªd-ñè… ICOR = - - - - - Î ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¢ÙöËº GDP öËº šíô¢ª-Þœª-ë]-õ

Á‹tyÓ˛

øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ AôË˛≈ÖôË˛ {Á≥´ßëØË˛–˛$OØË˛ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∫*≈Δ¯ Bãú CØ˛”-Ì‹t-VÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ (Ì‹ºI). AØÛ˛M>ØÛ˛MÊ¸ MÓ¸ÀMÊ¸ ØÛ˛ΔÊˇ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛-ÃZœ Ì‹ºI {Á≥–ö˛$$Q ¥Î{ôË˛ ¥˘ÌŸÁ‹*¢ EÖr$Ö®. gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ BÁ‹$¢À$ ßÊ˛$«”-∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö M>MÊ¸$Öyë M>¥ÎyÊ˛$ôË˛$Ö®. A—-±-Ü∞ A◊˝^Ë˛yë∞MÏ¸ ô¯yÊ˛$ B«¶MÊ¸ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ØË˛$ ∫ÃZ-ı≥ôË˛Ö ^Û˛Ù‹ MÊ¸ñÌŸÃZ ∞–ö˛$VÊ¸≤–ö˛$ƒÙ˝$≈ Á‹–ö˛$$ØË˛≤ôË˛ –ö˛≈–ö˛Á‹¶ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∫*≈Δ¯ Bãú CØ˛”-Ì‹t-VÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛. A–˛$-«M>ÃZ ©∞MÏ¸ Á‹–ö˛*ØË˛ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ÃZ EÖyÛ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ÚúyÊ˛-ΔÊˇÃå˝ ∫*≈Δ¯ Bãú CØ˛”-Ì‹t-VÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛(GãúºI)

Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœãŸ–˛$Öså˝ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ {Á≥øÊ˝$-ôË˛”ÖÃZ MÏ¸Ö® ›Î¶Δˇ$$ Eß¯≈-VÊ¸$-ÃZœ AôË˛≈´®MÊ¸ ‘ÈôË˛Ö øÍΔÊˇ°ƒÊ˝$$ÃÙ˝. B Δ¯kÃZœØÛ˛ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö ßÛ˛‘Ë˝-–È≈Á≥¢ÖV> MˆôË˛¢ ΔˇOÃÙ˝” ÃÒ˝OØË˛$œ, ΔˇOÃÙ˝” Ù‹tÁŸØË˛$œ, BÔú-Á‹$À ∞Δ>√◊˝Ö gZΔÊˇ$V> ^Û˛Á≥-sÏ˝tÖ®. {Á≥øÊ˝ôË˛” QgÍØÈ ØË˛$Ö_ Ì‹ÖÁfl˝ øÍVÊ¸Ö –ö˛ØË˛-ΔÊˇ$ÀØË˛$ “sÏ˝MÛ¸ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö^Û˛–ÈΔÊˇ$. ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶Ö –ö˛$$W-‘ÈMÊ¸ ΔˇOÃÙ˝” ∞Δ>√-◊˝ M>Ö{sÍ-MÊ¸$tÃZœ A´®-M>ΔÊˇ ßÊ˛$«”-∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö, ÀÖ^Ë˛-VˆÖ-yÏ˛ôË˛ØË˛Ö, A—-±-Ü∞ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yë-∞MÏ¸ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœãŸ–˛$Öså˝ Á≥NØË˛$-MˆÖ®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶Ö –ö˛$$WÌ‹ØË˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ ÁflZÖ ‘ÈQ AØË˛$-∫Ö´ßÊ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶V> ©∞∞ –ö˛*Δ>aΔÊˇ$. ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛≈Ö ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ AÁ≥µsÏ˝ EÁ≥ {Á≥´ßë∞ Á‹Δ>™Δäˇ Á≥sÙ˝Ãå˝ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ ÁflZÖ ‘ÈQØË˛$ ^Û˛Á≥-sÍtΔÊˇ$. øÍΔÊˇôË˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$-ôË˛”Ö-ÃZ∞ A∞≤ –ö˛$Ö{ÜôË˛” ‘ÈQ-ÃZœ A∞≤ —øÍ-V>ÃZœ Eß¯≈-VÊ¸$-ÀÚ≥O ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ØË˛MÊ¸$ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœ-ãŸ–˛$Öså˝ ƒÊ˝*Mä¸t Á≥«´® —Á‹¢-«Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. AÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-–ö˛-ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ Á≥«-´®ÃZ ÃÙ˝∞ Δ>{⁄ÎtÀ$, MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛-¥Î-ÕôË˛ {¥ÎÖôÈÀMÊ¸$ ô¯yÊ˛$ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ ¥ÎÀ-ØË˛ÃZ IMÊ¸≈-–ö˛$-–ö˛”∞ Δ>^Ë˛-«MÊ¸ Δ>{⁄ÎtÀMÊ¸$ MÊ¸*yë —Á‹¢-«Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$.

Ì‹ºI 1963 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ÃZ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœ-ãŸ–˛$Öså˝ ı≥ΔÊˇ$∞ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∫*≈Δ¯ Bãú CØ˛”-Ì‹t-VÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛V> –ö˛*Δ>aΔÊˇ$. " Á≥«-{‘Ë˝–ö˛$, ∞⁄Îµ-ÑÏ¸-MÊ¸ôË˛, Á‹–ö˛$-{VÊ¸ôË˛' AØË˛≤ßÛ˛ Ì‹ºI ∞ØÈßÊ˛Ö. ßÛ˛‘Ë˝–È≈Á≥¢ÖV> Á‹ÖMÏ¸œÁŸt MÛ¸Á‹$-ÀØË˛$ —^È«Ö_ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZØÛ˛ MÓ¸ÀMÊ¸ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶V> Ì‹ºI VÊ¸$«¢ÖÁ≥# ¥˜Ö®Ö®. ‘ÈQÀ$: Ì‹ºI∞ AØÛ˛MÊ¸ ‘ÈQ-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. A—-±Ü ∞Δ¯-´ßÊ˛MÊ¸ —øÍVÊ¸Ö ——´ßÊ˛ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛, Δ>{ÁŸt {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” M>Δ>≈-À-ƒÊ˝*À$, {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” Ì‹∫æÖ®Ú≥O yÛ˛VÊ¸ MÊ¸ØË˛$≤ –Û˛Ì‹ ÀÖ^Ë˛-VˆÖ-yÏ˛-ôË˛ØË˛Ö, A—-±Ü ^¯r$-^Û˛-Á‹$-M¯-MÊ¸$Öyë M>Á≥ÃÍ M>ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö. ôË˛–ö˛$ —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛ﬁ BÔú-Á‹ΔÊˇœØË˛$ ——´ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ‘ÈQ-Àô¯ AØË˛$-Á‹Ö-´ßë-∞Á‹*¢, A—-±-ÜMÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ ∞Áú*, Á‹–ö˛*^ÈΔÊˇ Ù‹MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝. A—-±-ÜÚ≥O AÖ®ØË˛ ÌúΔ>≈-ßÊ˛$-ÀÚ≥O —^È-ΔÊˇ-◊˝. Δ>{ÁŸt {Á≥øÊ˝$-ôÈ”-ÀÃZ Á≥∞-^Û˛Ù‹ {Á≥øÊ˝$-ô¯-ß¯≈-VÊ¸$À$/ —øÍV>À$ °{–ö˛-–˛$OØË˛ A{MÊ¸-–ö˛*-ÀMÊ¸$ ¥ÎÀµ-yÏ˛ôÛ˛ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ M¯Á‹Ö B MÛ¸Á‹$ÀØË˛$ Δ>{ÁŸt {Á≥øÊ˝$-ôÈ”À$ Ì‹ºIMÏ¸ AÁ≥µ-W›Î¢Δˇ$$. ●

●

● ●

www.andhrajyothy com

Ì‹ºI Á≥«´® & —´ßÊ˛$À$

Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ [M¸O –í˛$fi yÏ˛—-fØå˛ Áfl˝ôË˛≈À$, ß¯Ì≥-yÓ˛À$, AÖôË˛-ΔÊˇYôË˛ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ôË˛, VÊ¸*…Ê˛-^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈Ö, —´ßÊ˛”ÖÁ‹Ö, –ö˛$ôË˛$¢ Á≥ßë-Δ>¶À$, {yÊ˛Vä¸fi, –ö˛*ßÊ˛MÊ¸ Á≥ßë-Δ>¶À$, –˛*Á‹Ö, ^Ë˛rt EÀœÖ-Áú$ØË˛, ∏˘ΔÊˇj», –ö˛ΔÊˇ-MÊ¸r≤ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ-◊ÍÀ$, AØË˛$–ö˛*-ØÈ-Á‹µßÊ˛ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ-◊ÍÀ$ CôË˛ΔÊˇ ØÛ˛Δ>À$, …Ï˛Œœ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœ-ãŸ–˛$Öså˝ ^Ë˛rtÖMÏ¸ÖßÊ˛ ô˛Õ-ƒÊ˝$-gÙ˝-Ì‹ØË˛ CôË˛ΔÊˇ ^Ë˛sÍtÀ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Á‹–ö˛${VÊ¸ —^È-ΔÊˇ◊˝, ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ^Û˛Á≥-yÊ˛$-ôË˛$Ö®. B«¶MÊ¸ ØÛ˛Δ>À —øÍVÊ¸Ö B«¶MÊ¸ ØÛ˛Δ>À$, ªÍ≈ÖMÊ¸$ –˛*›ÎÀ$, A{MÊ¸–ö˛$ ØË˛VÊ¸ßÊ˛$ ∫®Œ, Áfl˝–ÈÃÍ, yÊ˛∫$æô¯ MÊ¸*yÏ˛ØË˛ A{MÊ¸–ö˛$ –È≈¥ÎΔÊˇ M>ΔÊˇ≈-MÊ¸-ÃÍ-¥ÎÀ$, {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$, ªÍ≈ÖMÊ¸$ÃZœ f«VÛ¸ –˛*›ÎÀ$, A{MÊ¸–ö˛$ –ö˛≈–ö˛-‡-Δ>ÀØË˛$ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. sÒ˝MÏ¸≤-MÊ¸Ãå˝ ByÊ˛”-Δˇ$$-f» ƒÊ˝$*∞så˝ ªÍ≈ÖMÏ¸ÖVä¸, Á≥ØË˛$≤, CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, —ßÛ˛÷ –È◊Ï˝f≈Ö, —ßÛ˛÷ –ö˛*ΔÊˇMÊ¸Ö —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*ÃZœ ∞Á≥#-◊˝$Àô¯ MÊ¸*yÏ˛ EÖsÍΔˇ$$ D ›ÎÖMÛ¸-

Ì‹ºI Á≥#r$t Á≥NΔ¯”-ôË˛¢-Δ>À$ ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ØË˛À$-–ö˛$*ÀÀ ØË˛$Ö_ ——´ßÊ˛ EôË˛µ-ôË˛$¢À$, B‡-ΔÊˇ-Á≥-ßë-Δ>¶À$, –ö˛$$yÏ˛ Á‹ΔÊˇ$MÊ¸$, –ö˛{›Î¢À$ Á‹ΔÊˇ-ÁúΔ> ^Û˛ı‹–ÈΔÊˇ$. A´®MÊ¸ –˛$$ôË˛¢ÖÃZ yÊ˛∫$æ MÊ¸*yë ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ M¯Á‹Ö AÁ≥µsÏ˝ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ Á‹Δ>PΔäˇ QΔÊˇ$a Ú≥sÙ˝t®. D yÊ˛∫$æ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$ÖÁ≥#, —∞-ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö, Á‹ΔÊˇ$-MÊ¸$À Á‹ΔÊˇ-Áú-Δ>ÃZ H–˛OØÈ A–ö˛-MÊ¸-ôË˛-–ö˛-MÊ¸À$ HΔÊˇµyÏ˛, A—-±Ü ÁúÕôË˛ÖV> QgÍ-ØÈMÊ¸$ _À$œ Á≥yÊ˛$-ôË˛$Ö-ßÛ˛-–˛*-ØË˛∞ øÍ—Ö_, –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$ gÍ{VÊ¸ôË˛¢ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈V> Á‹MÊ¸À –ö˛≈–ö˛‡Δ>ÀØË˛$ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yë-∞MÏ¸ 1941ÃZ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœ-ãŸ–˛$Öså˝(Gã‹Ì≥D)ØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ —øÊ˝-f-ØË˛MÊ¸$ –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$ ÃÍÁﬂZΔäˇ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ øÍVÊ¸Ö. ßëÖô¯ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœ-ãŸ–˛$Öså˝ –ö˛$$Q≈ M>Δ>≈-ÀƒÊ˝*∞≤ ÃÍÁﬂZΔäˇÃZ HΔÊˇµ-«-_Ö®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö –ÈΔäˇ yÏ˛¥Î-Δäˇt–˛$Öså˝ /ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶ –ö˛$Ö{Ü-ôË˛”-‘ÈQØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. AÁ≥µsÏ˝ B ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶ –ö˛$Ö{Ü-ôË˛”-‘ÈQMÏ¸ AØË˛$-∫Ö´ßÊ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶V> Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœãŸ–˛$Öså˝ HΔ>µsÒ˝OÖ®.

Q–ö˛$√Ö ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 3 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

^ÈΔÊˇ$. ——´ßÊ˛ ^Ë˛sÍtÀ –È≈RÍ≈-ØÈ-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_, ^Ë˛rt-∫-ßÊ˛¶–˛$OØË˛ ∞ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛*À$, ∞∫Ö-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛À$, Á‹–ö˛-ΔÊˇ-◊˝À$ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ AÖ‘È-ÀÃZ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔÛˇså˝ Bãú {¥ÎÌ‹-MÊ¸*≈-ÁŸØå˛ Á‹À‡ Á‹Áfl˝-M>-Δ>À$ AÖ®Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹.º.I. —^È-ΔÊˇ-◊˝-ÃZ MÛ¸Á‹$-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ ^Ë˛rt-Á≥-ΔÊˇ–˛$OØË˛ Á‹À-‡À$ CÁ‹$¢Ö®. V¸hså˝ {Á≥^Ë˛$-ΔÊˇ◊˝ M¯Á‹Ö ^Ë˛rt-Á≥-ΔÊˇ–˛$OØË˛ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*-ÀÚ≥O VÊ¸–ö˛$-∞-MÊ¸À$ ôË˛ƒÊ˝*-ΔÊˇ$-^Û˛-ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ AÖ‘È-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö-_ØË˛ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*-ÀØË˛$ MÊ¸*yë y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔÛˇså˝ Bãú {¥ÎÌ‹-MÊ¸*≈-ÁŸØå˛ Á≥«-÷-Õ-Á‹$¢Ö®. ¥ÎÀÔ‹ yÏ˛—-fØå˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶, —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛fi, ΔÊˇÑÊ¸-◊˝MÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ A∞≤ ¥ÎÀ-Ô‹À$, —´ßë-ØÈÀ$, {Á≥{MÏ¸ƒÊ˝$ØË˛$ Á≥«-÷-Õ-Á‹$¢Ö®. ——´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$Ö{Ü-ôË˛”-‘È-QÀô¯ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´ßëÀ$, {Á≥ôË˛$≈-ôË˛¢-Δ>À$, —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛fi, A—-±Ü ∞Δ¯-´ßÊ˛MÊ¸ ‘ÈQ M¯Á‹Ö {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸ M>ΔÊˇ≈-{MÊ¸-–ö˛*À A–ö˛$À$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö –˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝OØË˛ –ÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö-_ØË˛ A∞≤ AÖ‘È-Àô¯ ¥ÎÀÔ‹ yÏ˛—-fØå˛ –ö˛≈–ö˛Áfl˝-«-Á‹$¢Ö®. Á≥«-¥Î-ÀØË˛ —øÍVÊ¸Ö Ì‹ºI A∞≤ —øÍ-V>À Ì‹∫æÖ®, ›Î¶Á≥ØË˛, Á≥«-¥Î-ÀØË˛, A∞≤ —øÍ-V>À AM˙Öså˝fi ÃÙ˝ßë B«¶MÊ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ RÍôÈÀ ∞ΔÊˇ”Áfl˝◊˝, Ì‹∫æÖ® iôË˛ øÊ˝ôÈ≈-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö-_ØË˛ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*-ÀØË˛$ Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-ÑÏ¸-Á‹$¢Ö®. Ih ÁflZßëÃZ EØË˛≤ gÍΔˇ$$Öså˝ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ D —øÍ-V>-∞MÏ¸ A´®-M>-«V> EÖsÍΔÊˇ$. ›ÎÖMÛ¸-ÜMÊ¸ Á‹–ö˛*-^ÈΔÊˇ —øÍVÊ¸Ö Ì‹ºI A∞≤ ›ÎÖMÛ¸-ÜMÊ¸ Á‹–ö˛*-^ÈΔÊˇ A–ö˛-Á‹-Δ>-ÀØË˛$ Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$fi yÏ˛—-fØå˛ ^Ë˛*Á‹$¢Ö®. ¥ÎΔÊˇœ-–˛$Ör$ÃZ EôË˛fi-ØË˛≤-–ö˛$ƒÙ˝$≈ Ì‹ºI Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹–ö˛*-´ßë-ØË˛-—$-–ö˛”-yë-∞MÏ¸ A–ö˛-Á‹-ΔÊˇ-–˛$OØË˛

¥˘sÓ˝ Á≥»ÑÊ¸À {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö ÜMÊ¸ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßëÀ$. ªÍ≈ÖMÏ¸ÖVä¸, Á≥ØË˛$≤, CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, —ßÛ˛÷ –È◊Ï˝f≈Ö, —ßÛ˛÷ –ö˛*ΔÊˇMÊ¸ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*ÃZœ —^È-ΔÊˇ◊˝, ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ Ì‹ºI A´®-M>-ΔÊˇ$À$ ^Û˛Á≥yÏ˛ôÛ˛ D ›ÎÖMÛ¸-ÜMÊ¸ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßëÀ$ –È«MÏ¸ BƒÊ˝* MÛ¸Á‹$ÃZœ –ö˛*ΔÊˇY-ßÊ˛-ΔÊˇÿ-MÊ¸ôË˛”Ö, —ÁŸƒÊ˝$Ö Á≥«-gÍqØË˛Ö, Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö AÖ®-›Î¢Δˇ$$. ›ÎÖMÛ¸-ÜMÊ¸ Á‹À‡ ƒÊ˝$*∞rœØË˛$ ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ –ö˛Δ>Y-À$V> —øÊ˝-hÖ-^ÈΔÊˇ$. ªÍ≈ÖMÏ¸ÖVä¸, MÊ¸ÖÚ≥± ÃÍ, Ω–ö˛* ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*À M¯Á‹Ö ªÍ≈ÖMÏ¸ÖVä¸ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö Ì‹—Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, GÀ-{MÏ¸t-MÊ¸Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*À M¯Á‹Ö CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö {Á≥ôË˛≈ÑÊ¸ Á≥ØË˛$≤, Á≥Δ¯ÑÊ¸ Á≥ØË˛$≤ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*À M¯Á‹Ö sÍMÛ¸ﬁ-ÁŸØå˛ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö —ßÛ˛÷ –È◊Ï˝f≈Ö, —ßÛ˛÷ –ö˛*ΔÊˇMÊ¸Ö —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*À M¯Á‹Ö ∏Î«Øå˛ {sÙ˝yÏ˛ÖVä¸/ ∏Î«Øå˛ GMÛ¸ﬁeÖgå˝ Á‹À‡ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔÛˇså˝ Bãú {¥ÎÌ‹-MÊ¸*≈-ÁŸØå˛ Á‹${Ô≥Ö-M¯ΔÊˇ$t BßÛ˛-‘ÈÀ –Û˛$ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔÛˇså˝ Bãú {¥ÎÌ‹-MÊ¸*≈ÁŸØå˛ —øÍ-V>∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö●

●

Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ Ì‹º-IMÏ¸ ›ÎΔÊˇ£Ê˛≈Ö –ö˛Ìfl˝Ö^Û˛ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢∞ "Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ' V> –ö˛≈–ö˛-Áfl˝-«-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. D Á≥ßÊ˛-—ÃZ ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$-ôË˛$-ÀƒÙ˝$≈ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ IÌ≥Gã‹ BÔú-Á‹Δäˇ AΔˇ$$ EÖyëÕ. D –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ ÁflZßë, Δ>≈ÖMä¸ CØå˛-Ú‹µ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ fØË˛-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹ (Ih) ô¯ Á‹–ö˛*-ØË˛ÖV> EÖr$Ö®. Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔäˇØË˛$ MÛ¸–ö˛ÀÖ ΔˇÖyÛ˛‚Ê˝Â M¯Á‹Ö –ö˛*{ôË˛–Û˛$ ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$MÊ¸Ö M¯Á‹Ö 2003ÃZ Ì‹—Ì‹ ^Ë˛rtÖ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. Ì‹º-IÃZ EØË˛≤ CôË˛ΔÊˇ Δ>≈ÖMÊ¸$À$ & {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, gÍΔˇ$$Öså˝ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, yÏ˛Á≥N≈sÓ˝ y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, CØå˛-Ú‹µ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ fØË˛ΔÊˇÃå˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹, Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹, ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Ö-så˝À M¯Á‹Ö CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Δˇ–˛ØË˛*≈ Á‹»”ã‹ (IB-Δäˇ-Gã‹) ÃÙ˝ßë IÌ≥-Gã‹ MÛ¸yÊ˛Δäˇ A´®M>-ΔÊˇ$-ÀØË˛$ ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. AyÏ˛-ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹, yÏ˛Á≥N≈sÓ˝ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹, CØå˛-Ú‹µ-MÊ¸tΔäˇˇ, Á‹ªå˝ CØå˛-Ú‹µ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ Á‹ªå˝-C-Øå˛-Ú‹µ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, Úfl˝yä˛ M>∞-ı‹t-∫$Ãå˝, Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ M>∞-ı‹t-∫$Ãå˝, M>∞-ı‹t-∫$Ãå˝ ●

●

yÛ˛sÍØË˛$ ôË˛ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹ºIÃZ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$-M>-À$, A–ÈΔÊˇ$zÀ M¯Á‹Ö EôË˛¢-ΔÊˇ$”À$ ôË˛ƒÊ˝*-ΔÊˇ$-^Û˛-Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹ºI Á‹–ö˛${VÊ¸ MÊ¸ÖÁ≥N≈-r-»-MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝ {Á≥◊Í-„-MÊ¸ØË˛$ MÊ¸*yë Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-ÑÏ¸-Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹ºI –ö˛$$Q≈ MÊ¸–ö˛*Öyä˛ Ú‹Ör-ΔÊˇœ-Δˇ$$ØË˛ {›ÎtrhMä¸ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ, Ø˛så˝–ö˛ΔäˇP –ö˛*∞-r-«ÖVä¸ Ú‹Ör-ΔÊˇ$œ D ›ÎÖMÛ¸-ÜMÊ¸ Á‹–ö˛*^ÈΔÊˇ —øÍVÊ¸ Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-ÑÊ¸-◊˝ÃZ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. M¯ B«z-ØÛ˛-ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛—-fØå˛ Á‹–ö˛$ØË˛”ƒÊ˝$ —øÍVÊ¸Ö: ——´ßÊ˛ Δ>{⁄ÎtÀ yÏ˛hÌ≥À$(y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ fØË˛-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Bãú ¥˘Œã‹), Ì‹IyÏ˛ —øÍ-V>-Àô¯ Á‹–ö˛$-ØË˛”ƒÊ˝$, Á‹Áfl˝-M>Δ>À$, ——´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Œã‹ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À Á‹ßÊ˛-Á‹$fiÀÃZ ¥ÎÃüY-ØË˛yÊ˛Ö Á‹–ö˛$ØË˛”ƒÊ˝$ —øÍVÊ¸Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹ºI ∫$ÃÒ˝-sÏ˝Øå˛ {Á≥^Ë˛$-ΔÊˇ◊˝ MÊ¸*yë Á‹–ö˛$-ØË˛”ƒÊ˝$ —øÍVÊ¸Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. CÖrΔäˇ¥˘Ãå˝ —øÍVÊ¸Ö: D ƒÊ˝$*∞så˝ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∫*≈Δ¯ Ú‹{MÊ¸-sÙ˝-«-ƒÊ˝$så˝V> –ö˛≈–ö˛-Áfl˝-«-›˘¢Ö®. CÖrΔä ˇ ¥˘Ãå ˝ ô¯ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ Ì‹∫æÖ-®∞ ›Îtãú Ú‹ÃÒ˝-ÑÊ¸Øå˛ MÊ¸—$-ÁŸØå˛ ßë”Δ> ÃÙ˝ßë ¥˘ŒÁ‹$, CØå˛-MÊ¸–í˛$ sÍMä¸fi —øÍ-V>À ØË˛$Ö_ yÏ˛Á≥N≈-sÙ˝-ÁŸØå˛ ßë”Δ> ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.

GÖÌ≥MÊ¸ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ 2003ÃZ …Ï˛Œœ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœã-Ÿ-–˛$Öså˝ ƒÊ˝*Mä¸t∞ Á‹–ö˛-«Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$MÊ¸Ö M¯Á‹Ö 2003 ÃZ Ì‹—Ì‹ ^Ë˛rtÖ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t-ΔäˇV> ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$Ö-^È-À∞ øÍ—-Á‹$¢ØË˛≤ AøÊ˝≈-«¶∞ `ãú —h-ÃÒ˝ØË˛$fi MÊ¸—$-ÁŸ-ØË˛Δäˇ (MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ∞Áú* MÊ¸—$-ÁŸ-ØË˛Δäˇ) ßÊ˛Δ>Á≥#¢ ^Û˛Ì‹ Ì‹∏ÎΔÊˇ$fi ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õ. Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$MÊ¸ ¥Î≈Ø˛-Ãå˝MÏ¸ Ì‹—Ì‹ ÃÙ˝ßë —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛fi MÊ¸—$-ÁŸØå˛ ^˛OΔäˇ-Á≥-ΔÊˇfi-Øå˛V> –ö˛≈–ö˛-Áfl˝-«-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. CôË˛ΔÊˇ —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛fi MÊ¸—$-ÁŸ-ØË˛ΔÊˇ$œ, ÁflZ–í˛$ Ú‹{MÊ¸-r», {X–˛-Ø˛fiã‹ M>≈º-Ø˛så˝ Ú‹{MÊ¸-sÙ˝-«-ƒÊ˝$så˝ M>ΔÊˇ≈ßÊ˛«ÿ Á‹øÊ˝$≈-À$V> EÖyÛ˛-–ÈΔÊˇ$. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ 2013ÃZ Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$MÊ¸Ö M¯Á‹Ö MˆôË˛¢ ^Ë˛sÍt∞≤ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. MˆôË˛¢ ^Ë˛rtÖ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t«≤ ∞ƒÊ˝$-—$Ö-^Ë˛-yë-∞MÏ¸ JMÊ¸ Ú‹Δäˇa MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õ. D MÊ¸—$-sÓ˝MÏ¸ {Á≥´ßëØË˛ –ö˛$Ö{Ü A´ßÊ˛≈-ÑÊ¸$-yÏ˛V> EÖsÍΔÊˇ$. ÃZMä¸ Á‹øÊ˝ÃZ {Á≥Ü-Á≥ÑÊ¸ ØÛ˛ôË˛, Á‹${Ô≥Ö-M¯ΔÊˇ$t {Á≥´ßëØË˛ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–ö˛$*«¢ Á‹øÊ˝$≈À$. “« Á‹–ö˛*-–Û˛-‘È-∞MÏ¸ Á‹${Ô≥Ö-M¯ΔÊˇ$t {Á≥´ßëØË˛ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛$*«¢ ‡fΔÊˇ$ M>ÃÙ˝∞ Á≥ÑÊ¸ÖÃZ –ö˛$ΔˆMÊ¸ Á‹${Ô≥Ö-M¯ΔÊˇ$t ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛$*-«¢∞ AƒÊ˝$ØË˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ-Á≥#ØË˛ Á≥ÖÁ≥#-ôÈΔÊˇ$. ÃZMä¸ Á‹øÊ˝ÃZ A´®-M>-«MÊ¸ {Á≥Ü-Á≥ÑÊ¸ ØÛ˛ôË˛ ÃÙ˝ØË˛-Á≥#µyÊ˛$ AÜ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ ¥Î»t ØÈƒÊ˝$●

●

Á‹Ö∫Ö´´ßëÀ$ MÊ¸ÕW˝EÖr$Ö®. ßë∞ Á‹øÊ˝≈ ßÛ˛‘È-Àô¯ AØË˛$-Á‹Ö-´ßë- Á‹$±Ãå˝ ´ßÊ˛–ö˛‚Ê˝ ØË˛Ö A–ö˛#ôË˛$Ö®. —ßÛ˛-‘È-ÀÃZ —^È- Ì‹CJ, ßÊ˛ £Ê˛Δäˇz ΔÊˇ-◊˝MÊ¸$, —ßÛ˛÷ƒÊ˝$$ÀÚ≥O f«VÛ¸ AÖÚ≥OΔäˇ “$yÏ˛ƒÊ˝*, ßÊ˛Δ>≈-Á≥#¢MÊ¸$ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö AÖ®∏ÎΔÊˇ√Δäˇ –˛Oã‹ Á‹$¢Ö®. øÍΔÊˇôË˛ ßÛ˛‘È-∞MÓ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö- {Ú≥Ì‹y˛Öså˝ ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ ´®Ö-_ØË˛ MÛ¸Á‹$-ÀÚ≥O, øÍΔÊˇ-°-ƒÊ˝$ÀÚ≥O hƒÒ˝*{V>ÌúMä¸ bÈØË˛Ãå˝ –ö˛^Û˛a BΔ¯Á≥◊˝ÀÚ≥O CÖrΔäˇ¥˘Ãå˝ Á‹øÊ˝≈ ßÛ˛‘È-Àô¯ {Á≥ôË˛$≈-ôË˛¢-Δ>À$ fΔÊˇ$-Á≥#-ôË˛$Ö®. AßÛ˛-—-´ßÊ˛ÖV> øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ M¯Á‹Ö CÖrΔäˇ¥˘Ãå˝ Á‹øÊ˝≈ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ —ØË˛ôË˛$ÀØË˛$ Ô‹”MÊ¸«Á‹$¢Ö®. Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ Ú‹OØå˛fi ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» ØÛ˛ΔÊˇ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛MÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ ——´ßÊ˛ M¯◊ÍÃZœ ∞Á≥#-◊˝$À A¿-{¥Î-ƒÊ˝*∞≤ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ Ú‹OØå˛fi ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» AÖ®Á‹$¢Ö®. Ì‹º-Iô¯ ¥Îr$, …Ï˛Œœ ¥˘Œã‹, MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö —øÍV>À$, Δ>{⁄ÎtÀ$, Δ>{ÁŸt ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ Ú‹OØå˛fi ÃÙ˝ªZ-ΔÛˇ-r-»À$, yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi, {Ü—´ßÊ˛ ßÊ˛‚ÍÀ$, —‘Ë˝”-—-ßë≈-À-ƒÊ˝*À$, ªÍ≈ÖMÊ¸$À$ –˛$$ßÊ˛-ÃÒ˝OØË˛ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$ –ÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ {MÏ¸—$-ØË˛Ãå˝ MÛ¸Á‹$-ÀÃZ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ Ú‹OØå˛fi ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö AÖ®-Á‹$¢Ö®. AßÛ˛—´ßÊ˛ÖV> CôË˛ΔÊˇ ¥˘Œã‹ {sÒ˝O∞ÖVä¸ Á‹*P‚Ê˝ÂMÏ¸, —‘Ë˝”-—-ßë≈-À-ƒÊ˝*ÀMÏ¸, AØÛ˛MÊ¸ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” —øÍ-V>À$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö^Û˛ ªZ´ßÊ˛ØË˛, ’ÑÊ¸◊ M>ΔÊˇ≈-MÊ¸-ÃÍ-¥Î-ÃZœ MÊ¸*yë Á‹‡MÊ¸«Á‹$¢Ö®. Ú‹O∫Δäˇ ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» á yÏ˛h-rÃå˝ C–Û˛$-hÖVä¸ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ Ú‹OØå˛fi ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» B´ßÊ˛”-ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ C— Á≥∞^Û˛-›Î¢Δˇ$$. GÀ-{M>t-∞Mä¸ B´ßë-Δ>À Ù‹MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝, ∏˘Δˇ-∞fiMä¸ —‘Û˝œ-ÁŸ-◊˝ÃZ A–ö˛$À$MÊ¸$ D ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$ Á‹‡-ƒÊ˝$-Á≥-yÊ˛-ôÈΔˇ$$. Áfl˝ôË˛≈ ÃÍÖsÏ˝ ØÛ˛Δ>À$ f«-WØË˛ {Á≥ßÛ˛-‘È-∞MÏ¸ –˛„œ AMÊ¸PyÊ˛ ßÊ˛ñ‘È≈À ôË˛∞T M¯Á‹Ö D ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» Ù‹–ö˛À$ —∞-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-^Ë˛$MÊ¸$ÖsÍΔÊˇ$. CMÊ¸PyÏ˛ ∞Á≥#-◊˝$À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$tÃZ ‡f-ΔˇO –ÈÖVÊ¸*√-ÃÍÀ$, {´ßÊ˛$“-MÊ¸-ΔÊˇ◊˝, B´ßëΔ>À$ {Á≥–Û˛-‘Ë˝-Ú≥-yÊ˛-ôÈΔÊˇ$. {sÒ˝O∞ÖVä¸ yÏ˛—-fØå˛ ÃÙ˝ßë ’ÑÊ¸◊˝ —øÍVÊ¸Ö Ì‹ºI AM>-yÊ˛“$ …Ï˛Œœ –ö˛ßÊ˛™-ØË˛$ØË˛≤ Áú$h-ƒÊ˝*-ªÍßä˛ÃZ BΔÊˇÖ¿Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. Ì‹ºI AM>-yÊ˛“$ ^ÈÀ B´ßÊ˛$-∞MÊ¸ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ ’ÑÊ¸◊Í MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö. B´ßÊ˛$-∞MÊ¸ ØÛ˛ΔÊˇ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛ MˆΔÊˇMÊ¸$ —gÍqØË˛Ö, Ø˛OÁ≥#-◊Í≈ÀØË˛$ MÊ¸Õ-Ì≥-Á‹$¢Ö® D AM>-yÊ˛“$. Ì‹ºIÃZ MˆôË˛¢V> GÖÌ≥-M¸OØË˛ yÏ˛Á≥N≈sÓ˝ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ ØË˛$Ö_ M>∞ı‹t∫$Ãå˝ –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ AÖßÊ˛«MÓ¸ CMÊ¸PyÊ˛ ∏˚ÖyÛ˛-ÁŸØå˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. Ì‹ºI, Δ>{ÁŸt ¥˘Œ-Á‹$A´®-M>-ΔÊˇ$-ÀMÊ¸$, ——´ßÊ˛ —øÍ-V>À —h-ÃÒ˝Øå˛fi BÔú-Á‹ΔÊˇœMÊ¸$ MÊ¸*yë {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*-ÀÚ≥O «{Úú-ÁŸΔäˇ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ AÖ®›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. MÊ¸$yÊ˛$ Á‹øÊ˝$≈-yÏ˛V> EÖsÍΔÊˇ$. Ì‹∏Î-ΔÊˇ-Á‹$ÀØË˛$ ^Û˛Á‹$¢-ØË˛≤-Á≥#µyÊ˛$, Á≥ßÊ˛“ —ΔÊˇ-–ö˛$◊˝ ¥˜ÖßÊ˛$-ôË˛$ØË˛≤ Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ A¿-{¥Î-ƒÊ˝*-ÀØË˛$ MÊ¸*yë Ú‹Δäˇa MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ Á≥«-÷-ÕÁ‹$¢Ö®.

GÖÌ≥MÊ¸ {Á≥{MÏ¸ƒÊ˝$ Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸t«≤ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸ ^Û˛Ù‹ {Á≥{MÏ¸ƒÊ˝$ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ ÁflZÖ –ö˛$Ö{ÜôË˛” ‘ÈQÃZ –˛$$ßÊ˛-À-–ö˛#-ôË˛$Ö® ÁflZÖ –ö˛$Ö{ÜôË˛” ‘ÈQ IÌ≥-Gã‹ A´®-M>-ΔÊˇ$À gÍº-ôÈØË˛$ Ì‹ßÊ˛¶Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®, D gÍºôÈ yÏ˛¥Î-Δäˇt-–˛$Öså˝ Aãú Á≥ΔÊˇfi-ØË˛Ãå˝ —øÍ-V>-∞MÏ¸ –˛‚Ê˝ì-ôË˛$Ö®. {Á‹*PsÏ˝± ^Û˛Ì‹ Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝*-«sÓ˝, Á‹–ö˛$-{VÊ¸ôË˛, AØË˛$-øÊ˝–ö˛Ö B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ôË˛$® gÍº-ôÈØË˛$ Ì‹ßÊ˛¶Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. {Á≥´ßë∞ ØÛ˛ôË˛ñ-ôË˛”ÖÃZ Ú‹Δäˇa MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ D ı≥ΔÊˇœØË˛$ Á≥«-÷ÕÖ_, ∞ΔÊˇ~ƒÊ˝$Ö °Á‹$-Mˆ∞, Ì‹ºI y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$-M>∞MÏ¸¸ {Á≥øÊ˝$-ôÈ”-∞MÏ¸ Ì‹∏Î-ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀØË˛$ Á≥ÖÁ≥#-ôË˛$Ö®. Ú‹Δäˇa MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ ∞ΔÊˇ~ƒÊ˝$Ö HMÊ¸-{X-–ö˛ÖV> EÖr$Ö® ÃÙ˝ßë Á‹øÊ˝$≈-Àô¯ —øÙ˝-ßëÀ Ø¯r$ «M>ΔÊˇ$z ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-VÊ¸-ÀßÊ˛$. Ì‹ºI ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ A´®-M>-Δ>À$, Á≥«´®, —´ßÊ˛$À$,ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈-ôË˛À –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*À$ …Ï˛Œœ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ ¥˘Œã‹ G›Ît-ºœã-Ÿ–˛$Öså˝ ^Ë˛rtÖ 1946ÃZ ¥˜ÖßÊ˛$-Á≥-«-^ÈΔÊˇ$. D ^Ë˛rtÖ MÏ¸ÖßÊ˛, MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö Ø¯sÏ˝-Ìú-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-Øå˛ô¯ Ì‹ºI ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛^Ë˛$a. Δ>{ÁŸtÖÃZ —^È-ΔÊˇ◊˝ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*-ÀÖsÙ˝ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ Δ>{ÁŸt {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö Á‹–ö˛$√Ü EÖyëÕ. ●

●

Á‹tyÓ˛

Q–ö˛$√Ö ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 3 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

What is the average amount invested by.. Q U A N TITATIVE A PTITU DE B.Krishna Kishore Senior Faculty

IBPS PO MAINS

ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-À-i ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-À-i(-∞ãút) ªÍ≈_ÀΔäˇ, Ô≥i M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMÊ¸$ Ø¯sÏ˝-Ìú-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ —yÊ˛$-ßÊ˛À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ƒÊ˝$*i {¥˘{V>-–í˛$-À$: -ªÍ≈-_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ (ƒÊ˝*M¸fi-Á‹» yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ MÊ¸–Ë˛$*≈∞ MÛ¸ÁŸØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∞så˝-–Û˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, sÒ˝Mä¸fisÒ˝OÃå˝ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛), ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài (A¥Î-ΔˇÃå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛-ÑÊ¸Øå˛) Ô≥i {¥˘{V>-–í˛$À$: –Ë˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, –Ë˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú

AyÏ˛√-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ﬁ

A nsw ers w ith Explanation

∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝, –Ë˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ «h-ı‹â-ÁŸ-Øå˛MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: 2018 yÏ˛Ú‹Ö-∫Δäˇ 28 Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»-ÑÊ¸MÊ¸$ ôÛ˛©: 2019 fØË˛-–ö˛« 20(B®-–ÈΔÊˇÖ) –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝ : www.nift.ac.in. BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ «h-ı‹â-ÁŸØå˛ M¯Á‹Ö : https://applyadmission.net/NIFT2019/

4 ACIDS AND BASES

 3,  2018-  

ntnews.com

ntyadadri.com

Lewis acids are called..

Krupakar pendli

Centre Head Urbane junior colleges

7893774888

INTERMEDIATE s p e c i a l J U N I O R

ntnews.com

 3  2018 -  

ntyadadri.com

‘’   ? �� - I � � � �� ��  � ‘� ’ ��  �? - 1865 � ��� �  �  � �  ? -  �   ‘��’   � ��? -    ,   ( 1698-1704     ) � 1941� �   ��? - , , ,  ,              . � � �� ��  ? -    (1939),    (1942),     �  �� �� ����    ��? - 198  (16  ) � 1907� ��   �  �  �  ���  ? -      � �  � ���    �? -     � ��    � ? -   � �� ‘�� ’� �? -  ,  ,   � � �      1938�  ? -  �  �  �� �  ��  �? -   �

�

� �

�

��  � �,  �� ��  �? -   � � � � � (�   �)   �? - 1943 � ��� �� 1918� � ��� ��  ��, � � � � ? -      ‘ �’  ? -   � �� ��� � �? -   (    ) �  ��� � �  �  � ? -       ? -   � � ����  ��  42 � �  �  � �? -   �    �  � ? -   � � � �? -  (      )

� �

�

� �

�

� �

�

� �

�

��   ��   � �? -  � � � � � ��  � �  �  ? -  () 1892� ��� ��  �  � ? -    � � �� �  �, ,  �  � �? -   � ? -   .          �� � � �  ��  �? -  1940, � 8    138  �  � �? -  ��  �, � �    ? -  () ��  �    � � (  )   ?   -    �  �� � �� �� � �  �  ? -    � �� ��   �  �  ? - ,  1919�    �� � �, � � �    ��� �   �? -   ��    � � ��   ��? - 1996  , �� , ���  ,  � � �  ? -     � � � �  (  ) ��   �? -      �  ��  ���  � �,   � �? - ,   �   (1974), � (1978), � (1980)   ? -    �  , , � � � �  � �� - � - �    � ? -   � ���  �  � �? -  ,     ���     � �? -  1971�   ��   � ‘  ��.. �  ��’  � �? -    10 .. �   �  ? -     (.. 1754) �, � �, �, �  ‘�� ’ � �? -    �  �� 

�

� � �

� �

�

� �

�

� �

�

� � �

�

� ‘ �’ � �? -    �  � � �� ��  ��   �? -   ���  � �  �  1939� � � ��.  � � � �.  �? -    �� �   � ? -   () ��� �   � � ?  ,  �� � �    � ? -  ,    ��  � �   � ? -   ��-  � �   �   �.  ��    ? -  � �  ��  � ��   �� ? -   ,    ��� ��  , ��  � � � ,  ? -   , -  1936� ���  � �  ? -  �  ���   ���  �? - , ,   ��, �,  � �, � (6, 11, 12 �) ‘’    � �  �? -   ��  �      �? -    , ��, ��, �   � �� � ? -      � � �  �    ? -   � � �� ��     � � �? -   � �� � � .. 992�  �? -   � �   ��? -  ( ) � �   ? -    �         ? -  .. 9 ��     ��� � ? -   � � ��  , � �� ‘�’    �� ? -  2002� � �� � ‘� �’  �  �� ? -   ��  � �� 1999�  ? -  

    9951061289

�

� � �

�

� � �

�

� � �

�

1927�   � � �  1941� � �? -   �  �  �? -  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , , , , ,   � �� � ���  � � �� � ? -  � � ��� �� � - �   ��  � ��? -  ��  �  �  �� 1000  �   �� ? -    ��� �� ,   �� � ? -     ��    �  �  ? -  � �� � �  ��   �� ��  ��? -  ( ),  (  ) 1780� � , �� �  �� � � ��? -  ,   �� � �  ? -  ��� ? -   1925� �   � � ? -  (  ‘’)    ,   1930� �  � �  ‘� �’  �� ? -   � �� , , � � ��   ‘�’ �? -    ��  � �? -   � � �  �� � � ?   � �� � �    �  � �? -   � �  1925,  25  �  ���  �� ? -    �� ��  ��  �   ��? - 

OÐðlG‹ÜBÆŠæ hÌêÏ l Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡… l ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠæ l 3 l 2018

Ñ§ýlÅ

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

GMýS$PÐ]l °Ä¶æ$Ð]l*Ë$¯]l² §ólÖÄ¶æ$OÐðl$¯]l bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? yéMýStÆŠæ í³.Ñ.çÜ$»ê¾Æ>Ð]l# çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$

Hï³ yîlGïÜÞ ™ðlË$VýS$

bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ

{ç³™ólÅMýS…

ç³§ýlÅ VóSÄ¶æ$ Ë„ýS×êË¯]l$ ™ðlÍõ³ Ô>{çÜ¢… bèl…§ýl-

çÜ$Þ. C¨ Ðól§é…V>ÌZÏ JMýSsìæ. VýS×æº§ýl®OÐðl$…¨ bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ. VýS$Æý‡$ Ëçœ¬Ð]l#Ë MýSËÆ‡¬MýS™ø VýS×êË$ HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. VýS×êË¯]l$ çÜ*¦Ë…V> ¯éË$VýS$ Ñ«§éË$V> Ð]lÈYMýSÇ…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. 1. HM>„ýSÆý‡ VýS×êË$: 2 i) JMóS JMýSP VýS$Æý‡$Ð]l#…sôæ A¨ VýS (U) ii) JMóS JMýSP Ëçœ¬Ð]l#…sôæ A¨ Ë (I) 2. Æð‡…yýl„ý Æ>Ë VýS×êË$: 4 i) VýSËÐ]l¬ ÌôæMýS ß ç æVýS×æ… (UI) ii) VýSVýSÐ]l¬ (UU) iii) ËVýSÐ]l¬ ÌôæMýS Ð]lVýS×æ… (IU) iv) ËËÐ]l¬ (II) 3. Ð]lÊyýl„ýSÆ>Ë VýS×êË$: 8. Òsìæ¯ól O¯ðlçÜÇYMýS VýS×êË…sêÆý‡$. CÑ 8. 1) ¿¶æVýS×æ… (UII) 2) Æý‡VýS×æ… (UIU) 3) ™èlVýS×æ… (UUI) 4) çÜVýS×æ… (IIU) 5) Ä¶æ$VýS×æ… (IUU) 6) Ð]l$VýS×æ… (UUU) 7) fVýS×æ… (IUI) 8) ¯]lVýS×æ… (III) Ð]l–™é¢ÌZÏ Òsìæ {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… E…r$…¨ 4. ¯éËY„ýSÆ>Ë VýS×êË$: 3 1) ¯]lËÐ]l¬ (IIII) 2) ¯]lVýSÐ]l¬ (IIIU) 3) Ü ç ËÐ]l¬ (IIUI) çÜ*Æý‡Å VýS×êË$: 2 1) ¯]lVýS×æ… (III) 2) VýSËÐ]l¬ ÌôæMýS çßæVýS×æ… (UI) C…{§ýl VýS×êË$: 6 1) ¿¶æVýS×æ… 2) Æý‡VýS×æ… 3) ™èlVýS×æ… 4) ¯]lË… 5) ¯]lVýS… 6) Üç Ë… C…{§ýlVýS×êË$ MýS…§ýl…, ¨Óç³§ýl Ð]l…sìæ gê™èl$ÌZÏ çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×êË$ ™ólrX†, BrÐðlË¨, ïÜçÜ… Ð]l…sìæ Eç³ gê™èl$ÌZÏ C…{§ýl VýS×êË$, çÜ*Æý‡Å VýS×êË {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… E…r$…¨. Ä¶æ$† {´ëçÜË$: "B§øÅÐ]lã@ ¨Ó¡Äñæ*{´ëçÜ…' ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆ>°² Ä¶æ$† A…sêÆý‡$. Ä¶æ$†MìS Ð]lã, Ð]lyìl, ÑÆý‡† Ð]l…sìæ

3. 4.

VýS™èl…ÌZ AyìlW¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 1. ¿¶æ,Æý‡,¯]l,¿¶æ,¿¶æ,Æý‡,Ð]l A¯ól VýS×êË$…yól ç³§ýlÅ…? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³ç³ÆŠæ&2 þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 2) BrÐðlË¨ 3) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë 4)Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… 2. ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*ËÌZ BÆý‡Ð]l VýS×æ… ™èlç³µ°çÜÇV>? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³³ç ÆŠæ &2(G) þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) fVýS×æ… 2) ¯]lVýS×æ… 3) ¿¶æVýS×æ… 4) Æý‡VýS×æ… 3. "FÆý‡*Æý‡… f¯]l$ÌñæËÏ ¼^èlaÑ$yýlÆø Ä¶æ¬…yýl…-VýS$çßæËYËYÐø' Oò³ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ä¶æ$† A„ýSÆ>Ë¯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^èl…yìl? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³³ç ÆŠæ &2(G) þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) F&¼ 2) F&Ä¶æ¬… 3) F&yýl… 4) FÆø 4. ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë ç³§éÅ°MìS C¨ JMýS Ë„ýS×æ…? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³³ç ÆŠæ &2(G) þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) Ä¶æ$†Ýë¦¯]l… 14Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡… 2) {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… Ìôæ§ýl$ 3) {ç³† ´ë§ýl…ÌZ 19 A„ýSÆ>Ë$…sêÆ‡¬ 4) {ç³† ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ð]lÊyýlÐ]l VýS×æ…V> ¿¶æVýS×æ… E…r$…¨ 5. JMýSsìæ, Ð]lÊyø ´ë§éÌZÏ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> Ð]lÊyýl$ çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×êË$, Æð‡…yýl$ C…{§ýl VýS×êË$, Æð‡…yýl$, ¯éÌZY ´ë§éÌZÏ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> I§ýl$ çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×êË$…yól ç³§ýlÅ…?

ç³Æ>ÅÄ¶æ$ ç³§éË$¯é²Æ‡¬. ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Æð‡…yø A„ýSÆ>°² "{´ëçÜ' A…sêÆý‡$. Ð]l–™èl¢ ç³§éÅË$, gê™èl$Ë$ (MýS…§ýl…, ¨Óç³§ýl) Ð]l…sìæ ÐésìæÌZ {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… E…r$…¨. ™ólrX†, BrÐðlË¨, ïÜçÜ… Ð]l…sìæ ÐésìæÌZ {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… E…yýl§ýl$. {´ëçÜ Ä¶æ$†: {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… Ìôæ° ç³§éÅÌZÏ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ {´ëçÜ„ýSÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l Æð‡…yø A„ýSÆ>°MìS Ä¶æ$† ^ðlÍÏ…^èlÐ]lËíÜ¯]l A„ýSÆ>°MìS ç³MýSP¯]l$¯]l² A„ýSÆý‡…™ø Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${†° ^ðlÍÏ…^èlyé°² {´ëçÜÄ¶æ$† A…sêÆý‡$. E§é: "™ðlËÏÐéÆý‡¯]l$VýSyýl$çÜÇVöËÏÐéÆý‡$ Oò³ ™ólrX† ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ä¶æ$† ^ðlËÏÐ]lËíÜ¯]l "™ðl&Vö' A¯ól A„ýSÆ>ËMýS$ Ä¶æ$† ^ðlËÏ§ýl$. 1) a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv 2) a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv MýS¯]l$MýS {´ëÝë„ýSÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l "ËÏ' ¯éËYÐ]l VýS×æ… 3) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv Æð‡…yø A„ýSÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l "ËÏ'MýS$ Ä¶æ$† ^ðlÍÏ¯]l…§ýl$¯]l 4) a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv C¨ {´ëçÜÄ¶æ$† Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${†: ç³§ýlÅ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆ>- 5. Ô>Æý‡*ªË… ç³§ýlÅ´ë§ýl…ÌZ G°² çÜVýS×êË$…sêÆ‡¬? °MìS ´ë§ýl Ð]l$«§ýlÅ…ÌZ °È~™é„ýSÆ>°MìS OÐðl${†° 1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1 ´ësìæ…^èlyýl… Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${† A…sêÆý‡$. 6. "¯]l,f,¿¶æ,f,f,f,Æý‡'A¯ól VýS×êË$¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ…? Ð]l*¨Ç {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 1) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 2) ™èlÆý‡Ë… 3) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë 4) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… "ç³r$tVýS ±Ô¶æÓÆý‡$…yýl$ ™èl¯]l ´ëÍr¯]l$…yìl ç³#yìl_a¯]l…™èlÌZ ¨rtMýS ©¯]l §ólçßæ$Ë¯]l$ ™ólrVýSÌê- 7. ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ G°² f VýS×êË$…sêÆ‡¬? Ë¯]l gôæíÜ,Ä¶æ¬¯]l²Ð]l¬¯Œæ' Oò³ ´ë§éÌZÏ E¯]l² 1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 5 {´ëçÜ õ³Æý‡$? 8. f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. 1) {†{´ëçÜ… 2) §ýl$çÙPÆý‡ {´ëçÜ… gê¼™é&I: 3) çÜ$MýSÆý‡ {´ëçÜ… 4) §ýlÓ…§ýlÓ {´ëçÜ… a) ¿¶æ,Æý‡,¯]l,¿¶æ,¿¶æ,Æý‡,Ð]l "Ððl¯ðl²Ë ÐðlÍÏ´ëËPyýlÍ {ÐólMýS§ýl¯]l…»ôæ¯]l »ôæÇa¨b) ¯]l,f,¿¶æ,f,f,f,Æý‡ MýS$PË$¯Œæ' D ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ E¯]l² c) Ð]l$,çÜ,f,çÜ,™è ,™èl,VýSl bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? d) çÜ,¿¶æ,Æý‡,¯]l,Ð]l$,Ä¶æ$,Ð]l 1) Ô>Æý‡*ªË… 2) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë gê¼™é&II: 3) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 4) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË i) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ððl¬™èl¢… A„ýSÆ>Ë$? ii) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 1) 21 2) 20 3) 19 4) 22 iii) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. iv) Ô>Æý‡*ªË… ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…: 1) a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii a) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë b) Ô>Æý‡*ªË… c) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë d) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… 2) a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${†: 3) a-ii, b-i, c-iii, d-iv i) 11Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡… 4) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii, ii) 10Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡… 9. Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ Ð]l$VýS×æ… G¯ø² iii) 13Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡… VýS×æ…? 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 2 iv) 14Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡…

(sîæBÆŠæsîæ & 2015) 1) BrÐðlË¨ 2) ™ólrX† 3) ¨Óç³§ýl 4) MýS…§ýl… ïÜçÜ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ E…yól VýS×êË$? (sîæBÆŠæsîæ & 2015) 1) 3 C…+1 Üç *+3 C…+çÜ*.VýS×êË$ 2) 4 C…+4 C….VýS×êË$ 3) 6 C…+2 Üç *Æý‡Å VýS×êË$ 4) 2 C…+6 Üç *Æý‡Å VýS×êË$ MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ gê† ³ç §ýlÅ… H¨? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³³ç ÆŠæ &2(G) þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) ¨Óç³§ýl 2) ™ólrX† 3) BrÐðlË¨ 4) ïÜÜç … Ä¶æ¬§ýl®Ð]l$Ë$Ï° »ñæfÐéyýl Ô>çÜ¯]l…ÌZ MýS°µ…_¯]l bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³ç³ÆŠæ&2(G) þ¯Œæ 2018) 1) Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ 2) ™èlÆý‡$Ðøf 3) Ð]l$…fÈ ¨Óç³§ýl 4) ¨Óç³§ýl MýS…§ýl ç³§ýlÅ Ë„ýS×êË¯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^èl…yìl? (™ðlË…V>×æ yîlGïÜÞ & 2018) G) ¯]lË,¯]lVýS,çÜË,¿¶æ,Æý‡,™èl VýS×êË$…sêÆ‡¬ ¼) {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… E…yýl§ýl$ Üí ) ¯éË$VýS$ ´ë§éÌZÏ Ä¶æ$† °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… E…r$…¨ yìl) "fVýS×æ…' »ôæíÜ VýS×æ…V> ÐéyýlÆ>§ýl$ 1) G,íÜ 2) G,yìl 3) ¼,íÜ 4) Oò³Ð]l±²

10. E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë ç³§éÅ°MìS Ä¶æ$†Ýë¦¯]l…? (Hï³ sñæsŒæ õ³³ç ÆŠæ 3, f¯]lÐ]lÇ 2018) 1) ç³§ýlMö…yø A„ýSÆý‡… 2) ç³§ýl$¯éËYÐ]l A„ýSÆý‡… 3) ç³§ýlÐ]l A„ýSÆý‡… 4) ç³§ýlÐ]lÊyýlÐ]l A„ýSÆý‡… 11. "ç³Ð]l¯]l ™èl¯]l*k »êçßæ$Ð]l#Ë$ ´ë×ìæÄ¶æ¬VýS…º$¯]l ºsìæt HMýSOÐðl$' Oò³ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? (™ðlË…V>×æ yîlGïÜÞ & f¯]lÐ]lÇ 2018) 1) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 2) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… 3) Ô>Æý‡*ªË… 4) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë 12. Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ Ð]l–™é¢°MìS ^ðl…¨¯]l ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl… H¨? (™ðlË…V>×æ yîlGïÜÞ&f¯]lÐ]lÇ 2018) 1) ¿¶æ…yýl¯]l ÁÐ]l¬yéÆý‡¢f¯]l »ê…«§ýlÐ]l#yýl$fjÓË»ê×æ ™èl*×æMø 2) MýSËO¯ðl¯]l çÜ™èlÅ…º$ ºËMýS¯öËÏ°Ðéyýl$ Ð]l*rË ÝëÐ]l¬Ã 3) ç³NÆý‡…»ôæÆý‡$Ë »êÆý‡§ø ™èlç³çÜ$Ë… {»ZÐ]l…VýS ¯øç³Ðø 4) çœ$¯]l$yýlÐéÓyýlVýS$ ¯ólyýl$ ™éÅVýSÐ]l$Ä¶æ$ ©„ýSº*° çÜÆý‡Ó…ç³à

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 1) 1 2) 1 5) 1 6) 3 9) 2 10) 3

3) 2 7) 1 11) 4

10. ¯]l,¿¶æ,Æý‡,çÜ,f,f,VýS A¯ól VýS×êË$…yól ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…? 1) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË 2) ^èl…ç³Mý Ð]l*Ë 3) ™èlÆý‡Ë… 4) Ð]l*Í° 11. 12Ð]l A„ýSÆý‡… Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${† E¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ…? 1) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË 2) Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ 3) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… 4) ™èlÆý‡Ë… 12. MìS…¨ Ðésìæ° çÜOÆð‡¯]l {MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. gê¼™é&I: a) ¿¶æ,f,çÜ,¯]lË,VýSVýS A¯ól VýS×êË$¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ… b) Ð]lÊyýl$ C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+1 çÜ*Æý‡Å VýS×æ… E¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ… c) Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> 7 çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×êË$+1 VýS$Æý‡$Ð]l#¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ… d) 3 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+1 çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×æ…+ 3 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+1 çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×æ… E¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ… gê¼™é&II: i) ¨Óç³§ýl ii) MýS…§ýl… iii) ™èlÆý‡$Ðøf iv) E™éÞçßæ… 1) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv 2) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii 3) a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii 4) a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii 13. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… Ìôæ° ç³§ýlÅ…? 1) ¨Óç³§ýl 2) MýS…§ýl… 3) E™éÞçßæ… 4) ™ólrX† 14. Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl…ÌZ VýS×êË$? 1) 3 C…{§ýlVýS×êË$+ 1 çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×æ…+3 C…{§ýlVýS×êË$+ 1 çÜ*Æý‡ÅVýS×æ… 2) 2 C…{§ýlVýS×êË$ + 1 Üç *Æý‡ÅVýS×æ… + 2 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$ + 1 Üç *Æý‡ÅVýS×æ… 3) 4 C…+1çÜ*+4 C…+1çÜ* 4) 2 C…+2çÜ*+2 C…+2çÜ* 15. ¯]l¯]l²Ä¶æ$ Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ÌZ ´ësìæ…_¯]l Ä¶æ$† Ýë¦¯]l…? 1) 4Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 2) 3Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 3) 5Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 4) 2Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 16. ¯]l¯]l²Ä¶æ$ A¯]l…™èlÆý‡… G{Æý‡¯é¨ MýSÐ]l#Ë$ Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ÌZ ´ësìæ…_¯]l Ä¶æ$† Ýë¦¯]l…? 1) 4Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 2) 3Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 3) 5Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 4) 6Ð]l VýS×æ… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡… 17. f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. VýS×êË$: a) 1çÜ*+2C…+2çÜ*.VýS×êË$ b) 3 çÜ*.VýS×êË$+2 C….VýS×êË$ c) 6 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+2 Ü ç *.VýS×êË$ d) 2 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+1çÜ*.VýS×æ…+2 C…{§ýl VýS×êË$+1çÜ*.VýS×æ… ç³§ýlÅ ´ë§ýl… õ³Æý‡$: i) BrÐðlË¨ ii) ™ólrX† iii) Ð]l$«§éÅMýSPÆý‡ iv) ïÜçÜ… 1) a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii 2) a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii

18. 19. 20. 21.

22. 23.

24. 25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

3) a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii 4) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ C…{§ýl VýS×æ… M>°§ól¨? 1) ¿¶æVýS×æ… 2) ™èl VýS×æ… 3) Üç Ë… 4) ß ç æ VýS×æ… MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜ*Æý‡Å VýS×æ… H¨? 1) ¯]lËÐ]l¬ 2) ¯]lVýSÐ]l¬ 3) ¯]lVýS×æ… 4) çÜËÐ]l¬ "Ð]l'VýS×æ… E¯]l² Ð]l–™èl¢ç³§ýlÅ…? 1) ^èl…ç³MýSÐ]l*Ë 2) E™èlµËÐ]l*Ë 3) Ô>Æý‡*ªË… 4) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË "Ð]l$…§éÆý‡ Ð]l$MýSÆý‡…§ýl Ð]l*«§ýl$Æý‡ÅÐ]l¬¯]l§ólË$ Ð]l$«§ýl$ç³…º$ ÐøÐ]l#¯ól!Ð]l$§ýl¯]lÐ]l¬ËMýS$' Oò³ ´ë§éÌZÏ E¯]l² bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? 1) {çÜVýS¦Æý‡ 2) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË 3) ïÜçÜ… 4) Ð]l$à{çÜVýS¦Æý‡ MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {´ëçÜ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$… Ìôæ° ç³§ýlÅ…? 1) MýS…§ýl… 2) ¨Óç³§ýl 3) ™ólrX† 4) E™éÞçßæ… MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {´ëçÜ Ä¶æ$† E¯]l² ³ç §ýlÅ ´ë§ýl… H¨? 1) ¿¶æÆý‡™èl Q…yýl…º$ ^èlMýSP° ´ëyìlÄ¶æ*Ð]l# 2) íßæ…§ýl$Ð]l#Ë$ ÌôæVýS§ýl*yýlOÐðl Hyýl$a^èl$…yýl 3) í³™èl$MýS$^èl$¯é²Æý‡$ Ð]lÊ™èl$Ë$ ¼WÄ¶æ$ºsìæt 4) ™ð ËÏÐéÆý‡¯]l$ VýSyýl$çÜÇVöËÏÐéÆý‡$ "Æý‡,çÜ,f,f,¿¶æ,Æý‡' A¯ól VýS×êË$¯]l² ç³§ýlÅ…? 1) Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ… 2) Ð]l$™èl¢MøMìSË 3) Ð]l*°° 4) ¨Óç³§ýl Ð]l$™ól¢¿¶æ ç³§ýlÅ´ë§ýl…ÌZ "Ä¶æ$VýS×æ…' G¯ø² VýS×æ…? 1) 5Ð]l VýS×æ… 2) 4Ð]l VýS×æ… 3) 6Ð]l VýS×æ… 4) 3Ð]l VýS×æ… "Ñº$«§ýl f¯]l$Ë Ð]lË¯]l Ñ¯]l²…™èlMýS¯]l²…™èl ™ðlÍÄ¶æ$ Ð]l_a¯]l…™èl ™ólrç³Æý‡$™èl$' D ´ë§éÌZÏ E¯]l² bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? 1) ™ólrX† 2) BrÐðlË¨ 3) ¨Óç³§ýl 4) Ð]l$…fÈ ¨Óç³§ýl GMýS$PÐ]l °Ä¶æ$Ð]l*Ë$¯]l² §ólÖÄ¶æ$OÐðl$¯]l bèl…§ýlçÜ$Þ? 1) ¨Óç³§ýl 2) E™éÞçßæ… 3) MýS…§ýl… 4) ™èlÆý‡$Ðøf "bèl…§ø §ýlÆý‡µ×æ…' Ë„ýS×æ {VýS…£ýlMýSÆý‡¢? 1) ÐólÐ]l¬ËÐéyýl ÁÐ]l$MýSÑ 2) A¯]l…™éÐ]l*™èl$Åyýl$ 3) Ayìl§ýl… çÜ*Æý‡MýSÑ 4) Aç³µMýSÑ "A&Ä¶æ$&çßæ' A¯ól A„ýSÆ>Ë$ ç³Æý‡çÜµÆý‡… Ä¶æ$† OÐðl${†MìS ^ðlË$Ï Ä¶æ$† õ³Æý‡$? 1) Ð]lÆý‡YÄ¶æ$† 2) A¿ôæ§ýlÄ¶æ$† 3) çÜÓÆý‡Ä¶æ$† 4) çÜÆý‡çÜÄ¶æ$† {´ëçÜ Ýë¦¯]l…ÌZ MìSÏçÙtOÐðl$¯]l çÜ…Ä¶æ¬MýS¢, ¨Ó™éÓ„ýS-Æ>Ë$…sôæ §é°² H {´ëçÜ A…sêÆý‡$? 1) çÜ$MýSÆý‡ {´ëçÜ… 2) A¯]l$ {´ëçÜ… 3) §ýl$çÙPÆý‡ {´ëçÜ… 4) §ýlÓ…§ýlÓ {´ëçÜ…

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 1) 2 6) 3 11) 4 16) 1 21) 3 26) 2

2) 3 7) 2 12) 3 17) 2 22) 3 27) 3

4) 2 9) 3 14) 2 19) 3 24) 2 29) 4

Current Affairs Mobile App Updated Version

Daily, Weekly, Monthly Updates and Bit banks 4) 4 8) 1 12) 4

3) 2 8) 2 13) 4 18) 4 23) 4 28) 2

Also Find

GENERAL ESSAYS, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND JOBS

www.sakshieducation.com

SAKSHI EDUCATION

5) 3 10) 3 15) 3 20) 2 25) 3 30) 3

Ñ§ýlÅ

OÐðlG‹ÜBÆŠæ hÌêÏ l Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡… l ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠæ l 3 l 2018

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

Who is the nurse in the family? P.V. Narsireddy Director, Maximiser Institute Hyderabad.

Model Questions Directions (Q.No1- 5): Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions. Piyush, Kadir khan, Rajeev, Sunanda, Trilochan and Urvashi are six members of a family. Each one is engaged in a different profession i.e. Doctor, Lawyer, Teacher, Engineer, Nurse and Banker not necessarily in the same order. » Each one of them remains at home on a different day of the week from Monday to Saturday. » The lawyer in the family stays at home on Thursday. » Rajeev stays at home on Tuesday. » Piyush, a doctor, does not remain at home either on Wednesday or Saturday. » Sunanda is neither a lawyer nor a teacher, but she remains at home on Friday. » Kadir khan is an engineer. » Trilochan is a bank manager. 1. Who is the nurse in the family? 1) Sunanda 2) Piyush 3) Urvashi 4) Rajeev 2. Who among them stays at home on the following day on which Rajeev stays at home? 1) Kadir Khan 2) Sunanda 3) Kadir Khan or Trilochan 4) Urvashi 3. Which of the following combinations are correct? 1) Rajeev-Teacher 2) Sunanda-Nurse 3) Urvashi-Thursday 4) All are correct 4. What is the profession of Urvashi? 1) Engineer 2) Teacher 3) Lawyer 4) Doctor 5. Piyush stays at home on which day? 1) Monday 2) Tuesday 3) Saturday 4) None of these 6. In a certain code, RATIONAL is written as RTANIOLA. How would TRIBAL be written in that code? 1) TIRLBA 2) TIRALB 3) TIRABL 4) TRIALB 7. In a certain code language 'nee muk pic' means 'grave and concern', 'ill dic so' means 'every body else' and 'tur muk so' means 'body and soul'. Which of the following would mean 'every concern'? 1) ill nee 2) pic nee 3) dic pic 4) Cannot be determined 8. In a certain code language BEAT is written as YVZG, then what will be the code of MILD?

1) ONWR 3) NOWR

2) NROW 4) ONRW

Directions (Q.No.9-12): Words in capital letters in Column I are written in English small letters according to a code language in Column II. - Decode the language and find out the correct alternative for the given word in each question. Column I Column II ONE cdy TWO sgd THREE lsgyy FOUR dztg FIVE zmfy SIX rmh 9. NET 1) dys 2) cys 3) tcs 4) csd 10. FOX 1) ydh 2) dhs 3) zdh 4) zgl 11. HER 1) lgc 2) lyg 3) lgs 4) glc 12. SHE 1) rly 2) rcy 3) rsy 4) yet Directions (Q.13): Choose the analogous pair. 13. Traffic : Road 1) Roots : Tree 2) Blood : Veins 3) Car : Garage 4) Aeroplan : Aerodrome Directions (Q.14) Select the word from the choices given which exhibits the same analogy as established in the first two words 14. Painting : Artist : : Symphony : ? 1) Essayist 2) Novelist 3) Composer 4) Poet Directions (Q.15): In the following question, four pairs of words are given, out of these one pair does not bear the common relationship, choose the odd pair. 15. 1) Power : Machine 2) Oxygen : Life 3) Oil : Lamp 4) Water : Tap Directions (Q.No.16-19) In each of the following questions here is same relationship between the two terms of the left of '::' and the same relationship holds between the two terms to its right. Also, in each question, one term to the right of '::' is missing. This term is given as one of the alternatives, from the given alternatives below each question. Find out this term the given alternatives. 16. LHPQ : MGQP :: SRTP : ? 1) TQUQ 2) STQP 3) TQUO 4) QTUO 17. SLPH : HPLS :: NBAD : ? 1) ADBN 2) DABN 3) BADN 4) ADNB 18. CSAT : DTBU :: RACE : ? 1) TBFD 2) SDBF 3) SCFD 4) SBDF 19. NMLO : OOOS :: LSPH : ? 1) MUSL 2) NULS 3) NUSL 4) MUSM 20. Find the related number.

NTSE Stage - I Mental Mental Ability Ability Special also Useful for other Competitive Exams

360 180 60 15 : 600 300 100 25 :: 480 240 80 20 : ? 1) 1200 600 200 50 2) 1000 500 300 50 3) 600 200 100 20 4) 300 150 75 30 Directions (Q.No.21-22): In the following question, find the number which holds the same relationship with the third number as their between the first two numbers. 21. 7 : 64 :: 10 : ? 1) 81 2) 121 3) 49 4) 169 22. 16 : 2 : 8 : : ? : ? : 64 1) 225, 5 2) 156, 6 3) 321, 7 4) 256, 4 Directions (Q.23): Choose the odd one. 23. 1) BCD 2) NPR 3) RQP 4) HGF Directions (Q.No.24 - 26): In each of the following questions. Four numbers are given out of these, three are alike in a certain way but the one is different. Choose the one which is different from the rest three. 24. 1) 21 2) 39 3) 51 4) 83 25. 1) 372164 2) 376821 3) 318951 4) 319446 26. 1) 11 2) 13 3) 15 4) 17 Directions (Q.No.27-30) In each of the following questions, four groups of letters are given. One of these groups is different from other three. Select the correct alternative. 27. 1) CEGI 2) HJMO 3) MOQS 4) SUWY 28. 1) AFKP 2) FKPU 3) INSX 4) CGLR 29. 1) DXEY 2) AZDW 3) EVBY 4) CXGT 30. 1) MPSV 2) GJMP 3) LNSQ 4) ADGJ 31. Find the next two terms of the given series: Z, S, W, O, T, K, Q, G, ?, ? 1) O, D 2) G, D 3) O, C 4) N, C Directions (Q.No. 32 - 35) In each of the following questions, one term in the number series is wrong. Find out the wrong term. 32. 146, 74, 40, 25, 21.5, 18.75 1) 74 2) 25 3) 21.5 4) 40

33. 2, 5, 11, 23, 45, 95 1) 23 2) 95 3) 45 4) 11 34. 60, 55, 45, 35, 10 1) 55 2) 60 3) 35 4) 10 35. 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 20, 25 1) 10 2) 20 3) 14 4) 25 36. In sequence some letters are missing. Find the correct alternative to maintain the sequence. a_baac_aacba _c_ 1) abab 2) cbba 3) cbab 4) bbcb 37. How many even numbers are there in the following series of numbers, each of which is preceded by an odd number but not followed by an even number? 5, 3, 4, 8, 9, 7, 1, 6, 5, 3, 2, 9, 8, 7, 3, 5 1) One 2) Two 3) Three 4) Four 38. How many 7's are there in the following series which are preceded by 6, which is not preceded by 8? 87678675679761677 688697687 1) One 2) Two 3) Three 4) Four 39. In the following series of numbers, find out how many times 1, 3 and 7 have appeared together, 7 being in the middle and 1 and 3 on either side of 7? 29731 737713317385 71377173906 1) Three 2) Four 3) Five 4) More than five 40. How many such 4's are there in the following sequence that the sum of the immediately following two digits is greater than the sum of the immediately preceding two digits? 244547429874734521 4134448733911421 1) Seven 2) Four 3) Five 4) Two Directions (Q.No.41 - 45): Study the following information to answer the questions given below. i) Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table two on each side ii) There are three lady members and they are not seated next to each other iii) J is between L and F iv) G is between I and F v) H, a lady member, is second to the left of J vi) F, a male member, is seated opposite to E, a lady member vii) There is a lady member between F and I. 41. Who amongst the following are the three lady members? 1) G, H and J 2) E, H and J 3) E, G and J 4) None of these 42. Who amongst the following is seated between E and H? 1) F 2) G

3) J 4) None of these 43. Who amongst the following is to the immediate left of F? 1) L 2) I 3) J 4) Cannot be determined 44. How many persons are seated between K and F? 1) One 2) Two 3) Three 4) Cannot be determined 45. Which of the following is true about J? 1) Position of J cannot be determined 2) J is a male member 3) Sex of J cannot be determined 4) None of the above Directions (Q.No.46-47): On the basis of the information given below, answer the questions. Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting in a circle facing the centre. B is sitting between G and D. H is third to the left of B and second to the right of A. C is sitting between A and G. B and E are not opposite to each other. 46. Who is third to the left of D? 1) A 2) E 3) F 4) None of these 47. Which of the following statements is not true? 1) C is third to the right of D 2) A is sitting between C and F 3) D and A are sitting opposite to each other 4) E is sitting between F and D 48. In a row of boys facing the North, L is sixteenth from the left end and N is sixteenth from the right end M, who is fourth to the right of L, is fifth to the left of N in the row. How many boys are there in the row? 1) 40 2) 44 3) 42 4) 43 49. In a class of strength 60, where girls are twice that of boys. Ketan ranked seventeenth from the top. If there are 9 girls ahead of Ketan, how many boys are after him in rank? 1) 23 2) 12 3) 7 4) 3 50. In a march past, seven persons are standing in a row. Q is standing left to R but right to P. O is standing right to N and left to P. similarly, S is standing right to R and left to T. Find out who is standing in the middle? 1) P 2) Q 3) R 4) D

KEY 1) 1 6) 1 11) 2 16) 3 21) 2 26) 3 31) 4 36) 3 41) 4 46) 3

2) 3 7) 4 12) 1 17) 2 22) 4 27) 2 32) 3 37) 3 42) 4 47) 4

3) 4 8) 2 13) 2 18) 4 23) 2 28) 4 33) 3 38) 3 43) 3 48) 1

4) 3 9) 2 14) 3 19) 1 24) 4 29) 1 34) 3 39) 1 44) 3 49) 2

5) 1 10) 3 15) 4 20) 1 25) 1 30) 3 35) 2 40) 1 45) 2 50) 2