Rail way stations

刀䄀䤀䰀圀䄀夀 匀吀䄀吀䤀伀一匀

䴀愀搀攀 戀礀 㨀 䴀愀栀洀漀甀搀 䄀猀栀爀愀昀 䴀漀栀洀洀攀搀 昀漀爀 䐀刀尀 䄀栀洀愀搀 一愀戀椀攀栀

INTRODUCTION

PAGE :2

Arnhem Central

BERLIN HAUPTBAHNHOF PAGE :24

RAMSES STATION PAGE :38

VSTATION COMPARISON PAGE :56

SITE ANYLSIS PAGE :58

standards and guidelines PAGE :64

CENTRAL STATION DESIGN

PAGE :12

A train station, railway station, railroad station is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight.

It generally consists of at least one trackside platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales and waiting rooms.

If a station is on a singletrack line, it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements.

INTRODUCTION

The smallest stations are most often referred to as «stops» or, in some parts of the world, as «halts» (flag stops).

Stations may be at ground level, underground, or elevated.

Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other transport modes such as buses, trams or other rapid transit systems.

Broad Green station, Liverpool,shown in 1962, opened in 1830, is theoldest station site in the world still inuse as a passenger station.

Terminology In the United States, the most common term in contemporary usage is train station.

Railway station and railroad station are less

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frequent.

In Britain and other Commonwealth countries, traditional usage favours railway station or simply station, even though train station, which is often perceived as an Americanism, is now about as common as railway station in writing railroad station is not used, railroad being obsolete there.

In British usage, the word station is commonly understood to mean a railway station unless otherwise qualified.

In North America, the term depot is used most commonly as an alternative name for depot, railway depot, and railroad depot, but also applicable for buses and other vehicles, especially in rural areas where it might be understood as a direct equivalent to stop or halt.

Outside of North America, a depot is place where buses, trains, or other vehicles are housed and maintained and fromwhich they are dispatched for service.

History The world›s first recorded railway station was

INTRODUCTION

station, along with thecompound forms train

The Mount on theOystermouth Railway (later to be known as the Swansea and Mumbles) in Swansea, Wales, which began passenger service in 1807.

The twostorey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, which survives as a museum, first saw passenger service as the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on 22 May 1830.

The oldest terminal station in the world was Crown Street railway station in Liverpool, built in 1830, on the Liverpool to Manchester line.

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As the first train on the LiverpoolManchester line left Liverpool the station is slightly older than the Manchester terminal at Liverpool Road.

The station was the first to incorporate a train shed.

The station was demolished in 1836 as the Liverpool terminal station moved to Lime Street railway station. Crown Street station was converted to a goodsstation terminal.

The first stations had little in the way of buildings or amenities. The first stations in the modern sense were on the Liverpool and

INTRODUCTION

Manchester Railway, opened in 1830.

Manchester›s Liverpool Road Station, the second oldest terminal station in the world, and the only surviving station, is preserved as part of the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester.

It resembles a row of Georgian houses. Early stations were sometimes built with both passenger and goods facilities, though some railway lines were goodsonly or passengeronly, and if a line was dualpurpose there would often be a goods depot apart from the passenger station.

Opened in 2006, Berlin Hauptbahnhof is a large station at the crossing point of two major railways and features modern, abstract architecture. Berlin used to have a ring of terminus stations, similar to London and Paris, but these were gradually replaced with through stations over the period of 1952–1882.

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Grand Central Terminal in New York City is the world›s largest station by number of platforms, having 67tracks on two levels.

Dualpurpose stations can sometimes still facilities are restricted to major stations. In rural and remote communities across Canada and the United States, passengers wanting to board the train had to flag the train down in order for it to stop.

Such stations were known as «flag stops» or «flag stations».

Many stations date from the 19th century and reflect the grandiose architecture of the time, lending prestige to the city as well as to railway operations.

INTRODUCTION

be found today, though in many cases goods

Countries where railways arrived later may still have such architecture, as later stations often imitated 19thcentury styles.

Various forms of architecture have been used in the construction of stations, from those boasting grand, intricate, Baroqueor Gothicstyle edifices, to plainer utilitarian or modernist styles.

Stations in Europe tended to follow British designs and were in some countries, like Italy, financed by British railway companies Stations built more recently often have a similar feel to airports, with a simple,

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abstract style. Examples of modern stations include those on newer highspeed rail networks, such as the Shinkansen in Japan, TGV lines in France and ICE lines in Germany Station facilities Stations usually have staffed ticket sales offices, automated ticket machines, or both, although on some lines tickets are sold on board the trains.

Many stations include a shop or convenience store.

Larger stations usuallyhave fastfood or

INTRODUCTION

restaurant facilities. In some countries, stations may also have a bar or pub.

Other station facilities may include: toilets, leftluggage, lostandfound, departures and arrivals boards, luggage carts, waiting rooms, taxi ranks, bus bays and even car parks.

Larger or manned stations tend to have a greater range of facilities including also a station security office.

A basic station might only have platforms, though it may still be distinguished from a halt, a stopping or halting place that may not even have platforms.

In many African and South American countries, and in many places in India, stations are used as a place for public markets and other informal businesses.

This is especially true on tourist routes or stations near tourist destinations.

As well as providing services for passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and rolling stock depots (usually with facilities for storing and refuelling rolling stock and carrying

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out minor repair jobs).

Configurations of stations In addition to the basic configuration of a station, various features set certain types of station apart.

The first is the level of the tracks.

Stations are often sited where a road crosses the railway: unless the crossing is a level crossing, the road and railway will be at different levels.

The platforms will often be raised or lowered relative to the station entrance: the station buildings may be on either level, or both. entrance and platforms are on the same level, is also common, but is perhaps rarer in urban areas, except when the station is a terminus.

Elevated stations are more common, not including metro stations.

Stations located at level crossings can be problematic if the train blocks the roadway while it stops, causing road traffic to wait for an extended period of time.

Occasionally, a station serves two or more railway lines at differing levels.

INTRODUCTION

The other arrangement, where the station

This may be due to the station›s position at a point where two lines cross (example: Berlin Hauptbahnhof), or may be to provide separate station capacity for two types of service, such as intercity and suburban (examples: ParisGare de Lyon and Philadelphia›s 30th Street Station), or for two different destinations.

Stations may also be classified according to the layout of the platforms.

Apart from singletracklines, the most basic arrangement is a pair of tracks for the two directions there is then a basic choice of an island platform between, or two separate

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platforms outside, the tracks.

With more tracks, the possibilities expand.

Some stations have unusual platform layouts due to space constraints of the station location, or the alignment of the tracks.

Examples include staggered platforms, such as at Tutbury and Hatton railway station on the Derby –Crewe line, and curved platforms, such as Cheadle Hulme railway station on the Macclesfield to Manchester Line.

Triangular stations also exist where two lines

INTRODUCTION

form a threeway junction and platforms are built on all three sides Tracks In a station, there are different types of tracks to serve different purposes.

A station may also have a passing loop with a loop line that comes off the straight main line and merge back to the main line on the other end by railroad switches to allow trains to pass.

A track with a spot at the station to board and disembark trains is called station track or house track regardless of whether it is a main line or loop line.

If such track is served by a platform, the track may be called platform track. A loop line without a platform which is used to allow a train to clear the main line at the station only, it is called passing track.

A track at the station without a platform which is used for trains to pass the station without stopping is called through track.

There may be other sidings at the station which are lower speed tracks for other purposes. A maintenance track or a maintenance siding, usually connected to a passing track, is used for

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parking maintenance equipment, trains not in service, autoracks or sleepers. A refuge track is a deadend siding that is connected to a station track as a temporary storage of a disabled train.

Accessibility Accessibility for people with disabilities is mandated by law in some countries.

Considerations include: elevator or ramp access to all platforms, matching platform height to train floors, making wheelchair lifts available when platforms do not match vehicle floors, station announcements, and safety measures such as tactile marking of platform edges.

Train station classification 1st according to the function •

Passenger station

The passenger station supports every services even it’s a manor or not as ticket reservation, waiting area , stores ‘ miner branch of banks , reservation offices .

This station can be combined with other public stations ,ports , airports and subway •

INTRODUCTION

accessible toilets and pay phones, audible

Loading stations

It used for several functions as carriage detection, maintenance, and sorting •

Sorting station

It’s a station used for detaching loading trains and reattaching it with many forms .

It’s usually be near the industrial and commercial zones •

examination station

its for examining the efficiency of the train and the carriage and linking it with the train’s net lines .

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2nd according to its location in the trains net lines •

end line station

trains arrive and leave from one direction •

Intermediate station

Trains arrive and leave from many directions •

Linking intermediate station

Its like the intermediate station and it includes

INTRODUCTION

linking the primary lines with the secondary line

Features for presence the station inside the city 1.

Suitable for passengers and goods

transportation 2. Security 3.

Power consumption

4. Tourism 5.

Easy to navigate

6.

Provides time

7.

Low cost

The connection between the station and the surrounded areas We must know that the train station works as a gate to the city and to it’s streets and it’s public transportation , not just a functional place .

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between the station, the surrounding companion and the surrounding area A.

The station

It includes all the component inside the station from Infrastructure to the bus stope zone and green area B.

surrounding companion

most of this companion supports the train station in many ways as stores , malls ,hotels , C.

surrounding area

INTRODUCTION

In this figure we will present the connection

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Arnhem Central Transfer Terminal / UNStudio 14

Architects :UNStudio Location :Stationsplein, Arnhem, Netherlands Area :21750.0 sqm Project :Year2015 The station is the result of an ambitious -20 year project – master planned by UNStudio – to redevelop the wider station area; the largest post-war development in Arnhem.

Backed by the Dutch government, this transfer hub rewrites the rulebook on train stations and is the most complex of its type

The station is the result of an ambitious -20 year project – master planned by UNStudio – to redevelop the wider station area; the largest post-war development in Arnhem. Backed by the Dutch government, this transfer hub rewrites the rulebook on train stations and is

INTRODUCTION

the most complex of its type

The station will become the new ‘front door’ of the city, embracing the spirit of travel, and is expected to establish Arnhem as an important node between Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The new terminal houses commercial areas, and a conference centre and provides links to the nearby office plaza, city centre, underground parking garage and the Park Sonsbeek. The area around the station will become a place in of itself, with 160,000m2 of offices, shops and a cinema complex.

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STRUCTURE

The structure of the roof and twisting column was only made possible by abandoning traditional construction methods and materials; much lighter steel replaced concrete – originally intended for the station – and was constructed using boat building techniques on a scale never before attempted.

Legenda 1 cv –terminal 2 shops 3 Fietsonstalling 4 Under ground park 5 Wilemstunnel 6 Offices 7 utrechtsestreet

8 bakon 9 nieuwe stationstreet 10 tracks 11 park lost A. front twist B. fep C. v-shaft D. trampet

Delivery of such a complex and lengthy project on time, on budget and without design compromise required the courage and determination of both the client, ProRail B.V. and the architects. It is also the result of an exceptional collaborative endeavour by the key stakeholders, ProRail, Contractor Combination Ballast Nedam – BAM, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Arnhem City Council

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a space without columns was produced, forming an architectural expression designed around the ways people will intuitively use the space. The station works on international, national and regional levels, allowing passengers to move between

STRUCTURE

Working with structural engineers Arup,

cities intuitively and with ease. This project is part of a countrywide railway upgrade that will see new stations in Rotterdam, Delft, The Hague, Breda and Utrecht.

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UNDER GOUND LEVEL17.4 legenda biscycle storage under ground parcking garage

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GOUND LEVEL20.4 legenda under ground public garage biscycle storag public transport terminal bus square

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GOUND LEVEL24.5

legenda bus square (local buses) platform tunnel public transport terminal bus terminal(reginal buses) shops

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UPPER LEVEL 32.5 legenda bus square (local buses) platform (platform roofs) public transport terminal office tower horizontal office

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GOUND LEVEL24.5 22

legenda platform (tunnel) platform (platform roof) uneder ground garage public transport area bicycle parking horizontzl offices

Integrating the naturally sloping landscape distinctive to Arnhem, UNStudio conceived the Transfer Terminal as a flowing, utilitarian landscape of different functions stacked up to four storeys above ground and two below. The key space is the 5,355m2 main Transfer Hall, topped with a dynamic,

In 2001, Arnhem Central acquired the status from the Dutch Government as of one of the ‘New Key Projects’ (station areas of national importance).

These stations should function as catalysts for urban renewal and economic growth. It is anticipated that the new Transfer Terminal, which replaces a 1950s

SITE ANLYSIS

undulating roof form

train station, will facilitate economic growth by enabling a vastly increased daily passenger flow to the city of 110,000 commuters per day in 2020

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24

space program for the station

GOUND LEVEL24.5

GOUND LEVEL20.4

UNDER GOUND LEVEL17.4

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BERLIN HAUPTBAHNHOF

OVERVIEW : Largest crossing station in europe Platforms:14 No of trains : 1,500 domestic and international trains.

Year(s) of design: 1993 Opened : 26 May 2006 Architect: Meinhard von Gerkan Location:Berlin State : erlin Country : Germany

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INTRODUCTION

The mega Berlin Train Station, Berlin Hauptbahnhof, architect Meinhard von Gerkanand JĂźrgenHillmer, the STUDIO HAMBURG Gerkan, Marg& Partners, is capable of receiving more than 1,500daily trains and 25,000passengers. Its construction lasted ten years have meant that some conflicts between the German rail company Deutsche Bahnand the architect, in deciding to first shorten the time of execution of the work by modifying the project. It shortened the cover of the station at 100 meters and the lower floors that serve as the underground heat exchanger to be covered, causing no daylight arrived as planned in the initial project. of 110,000 commuters per day in 2020

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CONSTRUCTION

Construction The construction of the new Berlin Hauptbahnhofis a masterpiece of logistics.

While conducting the excavations, groundwater levels were constantly monitored by monitors at once that they were going up the bridges and 1.5 million cubic meters of earth were removed in barges, which otherwise would have required a convoy 1300 trucks miles long.

A complex part of the construction was related to the foundation, as the building rests on a sandy soil on the banks of the river Spree. To overcome this difficulty concrete ponds were constructed

at a depth of 25 meters that were filled with groundwater.

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CONCEPT : For architects of Hamburg Gerkan, Marg& Partners, the determinant of the architecture was developed to emphasize the importance of the new Berlin HauptbahnhofÂť-LehrterBahnhofcrossing point in an increasingly integrated Europe.

The lobby of the station is framed by two curved structures 46 feet high trying to highlight the scale crossing point between Europe and link the east and west.

SPACES : Of its 175,000meters square 21,000are intended

CONCEPT AND SPACES

of the place, the importance of the station as a

for rail transport, occupying two levels and has 14platforms, 15,000square meters are intended for shops and restaurants, office space 50,000buildings and 5,500bridge functional purposes of the railway. The platforms are spread over an area of 32,000square meters and the garage area occupies about 25,000square meters

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CONCEPT AND SPACES

BUILDING BRIDGE The two buildings of the station bridge are divided into two distinct functional areas. The areas for commercial uses, restaurants and service for rail users who occupy the lower levels and areas of 50 000 m² offices occupy nine of the ten floors of these buildings. They are functional and adaptable offices as required, by contacting the different spaces by stairs

CENTRAL NAVE Between two frames is the central nave that houses the station platforms, 430 meters long, oriented in the direction east -west, covered by a huge glass dome and light that extends over 321 meters The building with north-south orientation of 45 meters wide and 159 long, are situated between the two blocks of buildings and covered by a barrel vault, filigree and glass.

From the standpoint of architecture and urban planning, these structures, called building bridges form a unit with the glass vessels of the train station.

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SHOPPING CENTER With its generous empty three floors of shops and restaurants between the two levels of terraces, the station also became the commercial and business

CONCEPT AND SPACES

centerof the future neighborhoodaround the station

FAÇADE PORTIONS : The large and bright area, was designed using a structure that uses space grids braced by cable networks. These grids allow free surfaces and extraordinarily transparent as glass directly, or whether the supporting structure and the glazing support are the same.

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ZOCALO: The station relies on a cruciform base, which simultaneously integrates the dominant diagonal blocks of buildings. The rectangular socket is accessible from all four sides by stairways and offers great public spaces to a height of 4.43 m above street

CONCEPT AND SPACES

level, clearly separate from the areas of circulation.

LOBBY: The entrance hall has a glass roof that connects to the bridge that has buildings on the sides, serving outside the supporting structure the same as support beams in the shape of a fish›s belly, with 70 ,4 meters high on which rests the glass dome of the roof

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THE GLASS roof Roof OF the new station in Berlin is a high-tech construction of the modern era. The roof running east to west from the station and covering the new commuter rail bridges was designed with CAD and advanced processing techniques The undersides of the last two floors are designed as cross vaults in order to create high quality spaces.

VENTILATION TOWER Visible for miles, the four exhaust pipes rise well above the roof of the Hauptbahnhof, New Berlin, as are its tallest structure.

Its underground part sinks about 20 meters below ground level, with a reinforced concrete structure from which emerges another steel with 60 meters high, which have been invested 250 tonnes of gold.

Deutsche Bahn›slogo on each side of the vent pipe can be clearly seen through a wide area of central Berlin.

CONCEPT AND SPACES

LOBBY: The entrance hall has a glass roof that connects to the bridge that has buildings on the sides, serving outside the supporting structure the same as support beams in the shape of a fish›s belly, with ,4 70 meters high on which rests the glass dome of the roof.

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LOCATION AND SITE ANYLSISI

THIS STATION IS GEOGRAPHICALLY VERY CENTRAL TO BERLIN AND HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO SERVE ALL BERLINERS AND TOURISTS.

1

2 4

3

1)THE STATION ALLOWS THE TRAVELLER TO VIEW FROM THE PLATFORM A GENERAL VIEW OF THE CITY CENTRE AS FROM THE EDGE OF THE PLATFORM A VIEW OF THE NEEDLE TOWER, AS WELL AS THE REICHSTAG AND RIVER CAN BE SEEN WHICH ARE FEATURES THAT ARE A FOCAL POINT FOR THE CITY 2)STANDS OUT FROM THE WHOLE CONTEXT, THE AREA IS A CLEAR GATEWAY, THUS REGARDING THE WHOLE AREA AS A HUB FOR BERLIN CITY

3)NO SHOPS, RESTAURANTS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN THE IMMEDIATE AREA OUTSIDE HAUPTBAHNHOF STATION ,ALL THE SHOPS AND RESTAURANTS ARE INSIDE THE STATION 4)THE AREA IS SURROUNDED BY ROADS THAT LEAD TO MOTORWAYS, AND WITH NO EVIDENCE OF LOCAL BUSINESSES OR IT BEING A RESIDENTIAL AREA, IT CAN BE SAID THAT THE AREA PURELY SERVES THE PURPOSE OF ACTING AS A GATEWAY AND A TRANSPORT NETWORK.

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3D SECTIONS

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PROJECT PLANS

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PROJECT PLANS

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space program for berlien station

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PROJECT PLANS

RAMSES TRAIN STATION

OVERVIEW : CENTRAL STATION IN CAIRO Platforms:24 Year(s) of design: SINCE 1852 (IT IS THE 1ST TRAIN STATION IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE 2ND STATION IN THE WORLD) AREA : OVER THAN 23 ARCES Architect: ADWAN BATSY Location:CAIRO Country : EGYPT The original railway station was built as the terminal of the first rail link from Alexandria to Cairo in 1856. The current building was erected in 1892 and upgraded in 1955. As of January 2001 it was undergoing a major modernisation.

In early 2011, following the Egyptian Uprising, Ramses station was fully upgraded and air conditioned with new marble flooring across the station and the addition of escalators.

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Existing Transport Services Ramses station is one of the most important public transport stations in Cairo, as it involves the main ENR station and a number of different modes services. A number of transport facilities exist within Ramses Square,the ENR station is directly linked on the CTA bus terminal, the terminus of Heliopolis Metro, elevated pedestrian walkways and entrances to the underground Cairo Metro (Mubarak Station, Metro Lines 1 and 2). Major road facilities within the square include Ramses street and the

ramses trainstation

INTRODUCTION

elevated 6 th of October Expressway.

CTA bus terminal heliopolis terminus metro entance

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Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station

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Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station Area Traffic and pedestrian circulation: In principle, Ramses station has the necessary infrastructure and structure to operate as an intermodal terminal, Railway, metro, tramway, bus and shared taxis are linked via the elevated pedestrian way and via the metro passage.

However, major traffic problems occur near the terminal and even further on Ramses Road next to the tramway terminus, Ramses railway terminal has huge problems at the entrance and exit points. Traffic wanting to reach the terminal needs to cross the access ramp toward 6th of October expressway and gets blocked at the entrance hindering other traffic on the street.

Arriving traffic via the small street in front of the NAT building (minibuses and shared taxis) gets stuck and starts unloading its passengers at that point or at any free space around the removed statue. In particular shared taxis use the road in front of the railway terminal to avoid entering the terminal. This chaotic situation negatively affects traffic on all access points and hinders through-traffic.

from one mode to another need to search their next shared taxi or minibus ride because a large number of the shared taxi do not use the designated terminal, adding to the already problematic situation outside the terminal.

Mini busses and shared taxis further crowd the streets and the terminal to transport the people to and from this area. This concentration of traffic and persons generates huge congestion and the problem is further aggravated by the traffic and pedestrian behaviour and by the illegal merchants selling their products in the middle of traffic.

Both the entrance and the exit of Ramses terminal are fully congested, making the traffic inside the terminal difficult if not impossible.

The problems are not only a consequence of the situation outside the terminal, but are even more so caused by the chaotic behaviour of taxis and private vehicles that load and unload passengers in the terminal area.

Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station

At the same time, people wanting to change

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Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station

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The situation of the Egyptian National Railway (ENR) station: The ENR station at Ramses square is Cairo›s major railway terminal and is of a high relative importance for the whole country of Egypt.

However the station buildings and platforms need upgrading in many aspects. The station has got 24 platforms of varying lengths and breadths. Many of the platforms need to be extended and widened. Ticket desks are insufficient in number. Seats and shelters are insufficient and need modernization. Messages revealed through the announcing systems are not clear. Toilets and cafes need renovation.

Information displays and orientation signage are insufficient and need modernization.

Parking area is insufficient while the entire road section in front of the terminal is used by taxi and private cars for loading and unloading zones. More space for Kiss and ride facilities need to be provided. The status of the tunnels crossing under the platforms are good in respect of lighting and ventilation and also with respect to the materials used in walls ceilings and floorings

intermodality strategies for improved linkage between the different transport modes. A deficiency in the design for pedestrian safety and convenience is notable in the station.

The environmental strategies are ignored.

Equity and economic development polices and strategies are not adopted. The existing situation could be upgraded to enable the station to function effectively as the main railway terminal for the whole Egyptian country. This requires the application of the design guidelines which has been highlighted in this paper. The improvements aimed to improve modal connectivity, enhancing the environmental performance of the structures of the stations, improving the walking environment and enhancing the vitality of the station, thus achieving the sustainability goals. Strategies to be applied for Sustainability of Cairo intermodal stations would be summarized as follows: A. To improve mobility by designing stations to accommodate and enhance pedestrian movement, mobility of the impaired and improve vehicular travel.

- Maintain and improve station plazas to connect bus services rail commuter rail and taxi services and pedestrian routes..

- Maintain and improve park and ride lots.

- Study improved access and rail improvements within the terminal area B. To improve safety for all users and enhance passenger convenience. directional information to travelers.

- Implementing travel calming measures where

Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station

Ramses intermodal station does not satisfy the

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Problems of Present Situation of Ramses Intermodal Station

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appropriate - Redesign curb cuts and improve sidewalk conditions to facilitate movement of wheelchair-assisted travelers. Utilize the most effective crosswalks designs based on industry research.

Urban parking garages should have ground floor retail, to create more walkable environments.

- Treating Transportation corridors through the intermodal area as greenways that have the appearance of parkways and boulevards.

C. To improve air and water quality and to conserve energy and water and material resources - Managing vegetation for multiple objectives: safety, air and water Quality, noise reduction, community aesthetics, and natural habitat values.

- Adopting a station building form that responds in direct fashion to the physics of air movement, and to the practicalities of lighting both natural and artificial - Reuse of existing station buildings and choosing building materials with low impact during their life cycles and of high durability

SITE ANLYSIS

STREET LEADS TO RAMSES STATION

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SITE ANLYSIS

existing fabric programmatic anlysisi

alshohada metro station under ground the ramses station

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SITE ANLYSIS

PLANS AND SECTIONS LAY OUT

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51

PLANS AND SECTIONS

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PLANS AND SECTIONS

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PLANS AND SECTIONS

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ELEVE.AND SEC.

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ELEVE.AND SEC.

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zonning and bubl digram

secand floor

theird floor

zonning and bubl digram

first floor

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comparison between the three stations

Arnhem Central comparison Transfer Terminal / between UNStudio the three stations

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PROJECT YEAR AND NUMBER OF PLATFORM

21750.0 sqm 4platform Project :Year2015

The structure of the roof and twisting column was only made possible by

structure

bubl digram

abandoning traditional construction methods and materials; much lighter steel replaced concrete – originally intended for the station – and was constructed using boat building techniques on a scale never before attempted

RAMSES TRAIN STATION

Largest crossing station in europe Platforms:14 175,000meters square

OVER THAN 23 ARCES 24 PLATFORM BUILT SINCE 1856

The two buildings of the station bridge

the station buildings and

are divided into two distinct functional

platforms need upgrading in

areas. The areas for commercial uses, restaurants and service for rail users who occupy the lower levels and areas of 000 50

many aspects. The station has got 24 platforms of varying

m² offices occupy nine of the ten floors of

lengths and breadths. Many

these buildings. They are functional and

of the platforms need to be

adaptable offices as required, by contacting

extended and widened‫رر‬

the different spaces by stairs

comparison between the three stations

BERLIN BERLIN HAUPTBAHNHOF

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SITE ANLYSIS 60

THE SITE PROJEVT LOCATED IN 6TH OCTOBER CITY IN EGYPT

the site area is 204000m2

Commercial and recreational places hospitals and healthcare facilitys hiegher educitinal facilitys site projects cairo alwahat highway

SITE ANLYSIS

(48.5 arces)

26th of july curridor

6th october has multible universities and academic institute that need terminal facilities to be reached

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urban development in 6th ocotber

SITE ANLYSIS

city network

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Stereographic Diagram Location: CAIRO, EGY

Sun Position: -179.0°, Stereographic Diagram

63.9° Location: CAIRO, EGY HSA: -4.0°, VSA: 64.0° Sun Position: -179.0°, 63.9° HSA: -4.0°, VSA: 64.0° © W e a th e r © W e a th e r T o o l

N

345° N

345°

T ool

15°

15°

30

330°

30°

330° 10°

10° 45°

315° 20°

315° 20°

30° 60°

300° 40°

1st Jul

1st Jun 50°

300°

1st May 285°

75°

70°

1st Jun

1st Apr

30°

1st Aug

60°

1st Sep

40°

90°

50°

80°

270°

1st Oct

1st May 285°

1st Mar

60° 1st105° Nov

255° 1st Feb 1st Jan

1st Dec 17

1st Apr 15

16

240°

14

13

11

12

10

9

80°

7

8

70°

120°

270° 135°

225°

1st Mar

150°

Time: 12:00 Date: 1st April Dotted lines: July-December.

Optimum Orientation

195°

255°

Location: CAIRO, EGY

Orientation based on average daily incident radiation on a vertical surface.

Underheated Stress: 78.5 Overheated Stress: 958.9 Compromise: 185.0°

180°

165°

N

345° 330°

1st Jan

© W e a th e r T o o l Optimum Orientation

345° 240°

Location: CAIRO, EGY

Orientation based on average daily incident radiation on a vertical surface.

Underheated Stress: 78.5 Overheated Stress: 958.9 Compromise: 185.0°

15°

kWh/m²

1st Feb

17

N

315° kWh/m²

330°

15

15°

14

2.40

13

12

Best

2.10

30°

2.70

© W e a th e r T o o l

30°

2.70

16

Worst

2.40

1.80

45°

315° 2.10

300°

225°

1.50

1.80 300°

60°

1.50

1.20

1.20

Time: 12:00 Date: 1st April Dotted lines: July-December.

0.90

210°

0.90

285°

285°

75°

0.60

0.60

195°

0.30

180°

0.30 90°

270°

270°

SITE ANLYSIS

210°

11

10

9 45°

150

165°

95.0°

105°

255°

255°

240°

120°

135°

225°

Avg. Daily Radiation at -175.0° Entire Year: 1.44 kWh/ m² Underheated: 2.11 kWh/ m² Overheated: 0.65 kWh/ m²

210°

240°

150° 195° Compromise: 185.0° 180°

165°

Annual Average Underheated Period Overheated Period

225°

Avg. Daily Radiation at -175.0° Entire Year: 1.44 kWh/ m² Underheated: 2.11 kWh/ m² Overheated: 0.65 kWh/ m²

135°

150°

210° 195° Compromise: 185.0° 180°

165°

Annu Unde Over

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Psychrometric Chart

Psychrometric Chart Location: CAIRO, EGY Location: CAIRO, EGY Frequency: to 31st December Frequency: 1st January1st to 31stJanuary December Weekday Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekday Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekend Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Barometric Pressure: Times: 101.36 kPa 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekend © W e a th e r T o o l Barometric Pressure: 101.36 kPa

AH

© W e a th e r T o o l

30

25

20

15

10

5 Comfort

SITE ANLYSIS

DBT(°C)

5

10

15

20

25

30

Prevailing W inds

35

40

45

50

50 km/h

Wind Frequency (Hrs)

Location: CAIRO, EGY (30.1°, 31.4°)

40 km/h

D a te : 1 st Ja n u a ry - 3 1 st D e c e mb e r T ime : 0 0 :0 0 - 2 4 :0 0 © W e a th e r T o o l Prevailing W inds

30 km/h

50 km/h

Wind Frequency (Hrs)

Location: CAIRO, EGY (30.1°, 31.4°)

D a te : 1 st Ja n u a ry - 3 1 st D e c e mb e r T ime : 0 0 :0 0 - 2 4 :0 0 © W e a th e r T o o l

DBT(°C)

40 km/h

5

30 km/h 20 km/h

10

hrs 607+ 546 485 424 364 303 242 182 121 <60

10 km/h

50 km/h

15

20 km/h

40 km/h

30 km/h 20 km/h

40 km/h

20

30 km/h 20 km/h

10 km/h

25

°C 45+ 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 <0

10 km/h

Average Wind Temperatures

Wind Frequency (Hrs)

50 km/h

Comfort

hrs 607+ 546 485 424 364 303 242 182 121 <60

50 km/h

% 95+ 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 <5

40 km/h

30 km/h 20 km/h

mm 1.0+ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 <0.1

10 km/h

10 km/h

Wind Frequency (Hrs)

50 km/h Average Rainfall (mm)

Average Relative Humidity

40 km/h

30 km/h

64

20 km/h

% 95+ 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 <5

30

35

thestation will serve the west part of egypt to pass on the five oasis alfaiyom ,farafra ,dakhla

percentage of population : 70%

SITE ANLYSIS

and kharga the it stops in aswan

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Passenger space planning Space planning, is based upon passenger density and the concept of ‘levels of service’.

The table below shows the correlation

Station planning standards and guidelines

between ‘levels of service’ and the quality of the passenger’s space.

The methods that follow produce sufficient space to allow free flow of passengers through public areas and to give reasonable comfort in waiting areas.

The levels of service specified in the standard provide adequate levels of comfort without making stations uneconomically large.

Standard – General Space for normal operations in stations shall be planned to: a) Minimise congestion

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b) Be resilient to train service disruption and surges in demand c) Provide sufficient non-passenger space to enable staff to function efficiently Station size shall be determined by the

eg ticket purchase, retailing, passage through the gateline, wayfinding, access to and from platforms, waiting for trains, boarding and alighting from trains and staff accommodation.

Station planning shall ensure that obvious routes with minimum travel distances, which are free from obstructions, have good lines of sight and avoid dead ends and hiding places.

New stations shall be designed to ensure that passengers with reduced mobility can move between street and train via step-free routes between levels, which comprise of lifts, ramps and level access between platform and trains.

Standard â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Passenger flow data The calculations for station areas shall use the average flow per minute that shall be derived from the peak 15 minutes flow. UTS gates are the exception, which shall be designed to cater for the average flow per minute derived from the peak five minute flow (see relevant section below). LU Passenger demand queries can be sent to rods&countsqueries@tfl.gov.uk

Station planning standards and guidelines

space requirements of all activities,

In the absence of observed data should peak 15 minute passenger flow data be unavailable

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(eg for a new station), the factors from the following table shall be applied to the flow for the shortest peak period available (either peak three hours or peak hour) to give the peak

Station planning standards and guidelines

flows in the shorter periods. Hence:

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Passenger areas derived from methodologies contained in this document shall be the net areas available after allowing for the requirements of amenities and facilities as specified in other relevant Category 1 Standards.

Platforms â&#x20AC;&#x201C; platform design

It is permitted for the width of the platform to be variable on the whole length of the platform.

The minimum width of the platform without obstacles shall be the width of the danger area plus the width of two opposing freeways

taper to 900 mm at the platform ends.

It is permitted to have obstacles inside this freeway of 1600 mm. Equipment required for the signalling system and safety equipment shall not be considered as obstacles in this clause. The minimum distance from obstacles to the danger area shall be according to the following table

If the distance between two small obstacles is less than 2.4 metres measured parallel to the platform edge they shall be considered as one large obstacle.

Within this minimum distance from a large obstacle to the danger area it is permitted to

Station planning standards and guidelines

of 800 mm (1600 mm). This dimension may

have additional small obstacles as long as the requirements for small obstacles (minimum

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distance to danger area and minimum distance to next small obstacle) are met.

If there are auxiliary facilities on board trains, or on the platform, to allow wheelchair users to board or alight from trains, a free space

Station planning standards and guidelines

(no obstacles) of 1500 mm from the edge of the facility towards the direction where the wheelchair boards/lands at/to shall be provided where such facilities are likely to be used. A new station shall meet this requirement for all trains that are planned to stop at the platform.

The danger area of a platform commences at the rail side edge of the platform and is defined as the area where passengers are not allowed to stand when trains are passing or arriving The illuminance level of the external areas of the station shall be sufficient to facilitate way finding and to highlight the changes of level, doors and entrances.

The boundary of the danger area, furthest from the rail side edge of the platform, shall have a visual marking and tactile walking surface indicators.

The visual marking shall be a contrasting, slipresistant, warning line with a minimum width of 100 mm Ticket sales points â&#x20AC;&#x201C; booking offices, information and customer-service desks

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information desks and customer assistance points (thelast figer ) are provided along the obstaclefree route, a minimum of one desk shall be accessible to a wheelchair user and to people of small stature and a minimum of one desk shall be fitted with an induction loop system for hearing assistance.

If there is a glass barrier between the passenger and sales person at the ticket counter, this shall either be removable or, if not removable, an intercom system shall be fitted. Any such glass barrier shall consist of clear glass.

If electronic devices are fitted that display pricing information to the sales person, such devices shall also be fitted that display the price to the person purchasing the ticket

Station planning standards and guidelines

Where manual ticket sales counters,

Seating, waiting rooms and shelters

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On each platform where passengers are allowed to wait for trains and at every waiting area, there shall be a minimum of one area fitted with seating facilities and a space for a wheelchair. When this area is weather protected, it shall be accessible by a

Station planning standards and guidelines

wheelchair user.

Within the station confines, furniture and freestanding devices (including cantilevered and suspended items) shall be positioned where they do not obstruct blind or visually impaired people, or they shall be detectable by a person using a long cane. All items of furniture and free-standing devices at stations shall contrast with their background, and have rounded edges.

Crossing the track

Level track crossings in stations are permitted to be used as part of a step-free route or of an obstacle-free route according to National

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Rules.

If level track crossings are used as parts of step-free routes in addition to other routes, they shall: – have a minimum width of 1200 mm (less than 10 metres in length) or 1600 mm (10 metres or

– have moderate slopes; a steep gradient is only allowed for ramps on short distances – be designed so that the smallest wheel of a wheelchair, as defined in PRM TSI Appendix M, cannot be trapped within the crossing surface and the rail – where accesses to level crossings are equipped with safety chicanes in order to prevent people from unintended/uncontrolled crossing of the tracks, the minimum width of the walkways in the chicane can be less than 1200 mm with a minimum of 900 mm; it shall be sufficient for a wheelchair user to manoeuvre.

If level track crossings are used as parts of obstacle-free routes, and are the only option forall passengers, they shall – meet all specifications above, – have visual and tactile markings to identify the beginning and the end of the crossing surface.

– be supervised, or, on the basis of national rules, equipment for a safe crossing of blind or visually impaired people shall be provided

Station planning standards and guidelines

more in length)

and/or the level crossing shall be operated for a safe crossing of visually impaired people

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If any of the above requirements cannot be met,the level track crossing shall not be considered part of a step-free route or of an obstacle-free route.

Where supervised level track crossing is permitted, operating rules shall be

Station planning standards and guidelines

implemented to ensure that staff at supervised level track crossings give appropriate assistance to PRM, including indication of when it is safe to cross the track

Connecting transport

Obstacle-free routes shall be provided that interconnect the following public areas of the infrastructure if provided: • stopping points for other connecting modes of transport within the station confines (for example, taxi, bus, tram, metro, ferry etc.); • car parks; • accessible entrances and exits; • information desks; • visual and audible information systems; • ticketing facilities; • customer assistance; • waiting areas; • toilet facilities; and • platforms.

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Where a station-specific parking area exists, there shall be sufficient and adapted parking spaces reserved for PRM eligible to utilise them as in the last figer) at the nearest practicable position, within the parking area, to an accessible entrance.

The European TSI requirement is that UK national standards are followed to ensure consistency across the UK. Therefore, the national standards below must be followed Car parking â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dimensions and number of spaces

Station planning standards and guidelines

Car parking â&#x20AC;&#x201C; general and location

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Station planning standards and guidelines

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Station planning standards and guidelines

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Station planning standards and guidelines

-Station planning standards and guidelines 2012 edition -Design Standards for Accessible Railway Stations Version 04 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Valid from 20 March 2015 -BERLIN HAUPTBAHNHOF ANUSHPRA SINGH A/2009/2155 | PRASHANT KUMAR A/2009/2160 SNEHALATA A/2009/2150 -16745428Structure-as-Architecture -The Architecture of Stations and Terminals -cairo university faculty of engineering architecture department -Intermodal Stations: A Guide to Sustainable Design Ola Mohamed Emad El Din Bakry Farouk Department of Architecture, Ain-shams University, Cairo, Egypt

REFRANCES

Dr.Yasser Mansour, Dr. Ruby Morcos, Dr. Ghada

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