AGROCHEM Vol 2. No. 6 - WINTER 2012
Saam boer ons vooruit!
Loe r Spe Binne: s
Sitr iale Byla usag
Rot Remedy
Identifying & treating root rot and crown rot
Hoe nou gemaak?
Silverskurf & Swartspikkel
WEN!
ISSN 2222-9663
‘n Uitstappie na die 4-Nasie Wedstryd tussen die Bokke en die All Blacks op bladsy 27!
Vir die beste optimalisering van jou oes
1
Saa m boer ons al 21 jaar vooruit! 0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
LAEVE LD
INHOUDSOPGAWE | CONTENTS 2. Redakteursbrief
22. DISEASES & DISORDERS: Identifying and treating root rot and crown rot.
4. Geloof en hoop 6. Laeveld Nuus 8. SUKSESVERHAAL: Strongarm: ‘n Wenner teen onkruid in soja- en grondbone 12. LAEVELD COMMUNITY: Biodiversity and supporting rural development 14. PRODUCT PROFILE: Assured protection with K-Obiol® EC25
28. FUN & GAMES Games & activities for the family. Wen ‘n uitstappie na die 4-nasie toets: Bokke vs All Black 32. TRAVEL: Explore the Zulu Kingdom 36. PRODUKPROFIEL: Belt® Die optimalisering van bemarkbare gewasse met wurmbeheer 40. CLIMATE: Sustainable agriculture
16. PLAAG- EN ONKRUIDBEHEER: Silverskurf en Swartspikkel: Hoe nou gemaak?
44. RECIPES: Winning weekday dinners
20. PLAAG- EN ONKRUIDBEHEER: Die uitwissing van bankrotbos
48. YOUR HEALTH: Hazards in the home
EDITORIAL: Editor-in-Chief – Corné Liebernberg Managing Editor – Fiona Mosca Creative Director – Gwynedd Peters
IMAGES: Roger Bosch, Graeme Williams, Chris Kirchhoff (MediaClubSouthAfrica.com); Stock Xchange, Laeveld Agrochem, Knysna Tourism, iStock.
PUBLISHERS: Main Angel Publishing 462 Grysbok Street, Waterkloof Ridge Tel: 012 347 3630 Fax: 086 242 0031 e-mail: info@mainangel.co.za
PRINTED BY: Four Images Tel: 012 349 1113 Fax: 012 349 1090 www.4images.co.za
DESIGN & LAYOUT: Designlogik Art Director – Nick Hlozek e-mail: studio@designlogik.co.za CITRUS SUPPLEMENT: Liza van der Walt
CONTRIBUTORS: Phillip Venter (Zinchem), Jan Viljoen, Gerhard Verdoorn, Dr Charles Gilfillan, Glwadys Aymone Gbetibouo & Claudia Ringle.
ing: Postnet Suite 335, Private Bag x1028, Lyttelton, 0140. Unless otherwise agreed to, all contributions are the property of Laeveld Magazine, and its publishers. The editor and publisher reserve the right to alter copy and visual material as deemed necessary. The opinions expressed in Laeveld Magazine are not necessarily those of the publishers or Laeveld Agrochem, its suppliers, subsidiaries or affiliates. © Copyright by Main Angel Publishing. All rights reserved.
All editorial, business and production correspondence should be addressed to Main Angel Publish-
LAEVELD LAEVELD Winter/Winter Winter/Winter 2012 2012 -- 11
REDAKTEURSBRIEF
AGROCHEM
Beste Laeveld-kliënte en Agribonus-lede Hierdie uitgawe sluit ‘n spesiale sitrusbylaag in vir die sitrussimposium, maar glo ons, dit is ook ‘n handige en waardevolle inligtingsbundel vir enige sitrusboer om te hou. As Laeveld Agrochem is ons in die uiters gunstige posisie om vir ons kliënte die heel beste reeks sitrus oes-optimaliseringsprodukte te bied, komende van Bayer, Syngenta, DOW, Villa, Ag-chem, Philagro, Metson, Madumbi, Chempak, KlubM5 en vele meer, wat beteken ons kan ‘n volledige oplossing vir enige toestand bied. Dit is tans ‘n opwindende tyd in ons land om boer te wees. Die uitdagings is steeds daar en sal seker altyd daar wees, maar uiteindelik sien die regering en die res van die wêreld die noodsaaklikheid van volhoubare voedselsekuriteit raak. Die geld wat tans op navorsing en oesoptimaliseringsoplossings spandeer word asook al die finansies en hulpbronne wat tot ons land se beskikking gestel word, gaan almal vorentoe baat. In ons strewe om slegs die beste vir ons kliënte te bied, maar ook om seker 2 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
te maak elkeen bereik sy maksimum potentiaal, is ons gedurig besig om die mees suksesvolle boere te bestudeer, so ook al die wenners van al die verskeie “boer van die jaar” tipe kompetisies. Amper sonder uitsondering is een ding baie duidelik in almal se verklarings goeie praktyke, kwaliteit produkte en meestal ‘n bietjie ondernemingsgees is alles belangrik. Maar daar is veral twee faktore wat hierdie suksesvolle boere gewoonlik laat uitstaan: Hulle het meestal ‘n ontwrikbare geloof (en besef hul weerbaarheid in die groter prentjie) en voortspruitend daaruit gewoonlik dan ook ‘n besonder unieke verhouding met hul personeel en plaaswerkers, wat beteken lg. se volle potentiaal word ontsluit want hulle wil werk en werk nie omdat hulle moet nie. As mens dan na sulke suksesvolle boere se geloof, optimisme, karakter en selfversekerheid aan die een kant kyk; teenoor die baie dinge wat daar is om oor te kon kla, soos grondeise, plaasmoorde, die weer, stygende insetkostes, kontantvloei en jy noem dit, dan maak dinge ewe skielik baie
Redakteursbrief sin. Iemand wat werklik glo dat God die aarde, die mens en die heelal met sy miljarde sterre (slegs in ons melkweg!) gemaak het, kan mos onmoontlik nie dan ook glo dat dieselfde God wat daardie ontelbare sterre gemaak het, nie “klein” probleempies soos reën, markpryse en politiek ook kan oorwin nie. As jy dus regtig glo in die skepping behoort geen uitdaging wat oor jou pad kom ooit vir jou enige slapelose nagte te gee nie. In elk geval, ons gevolgtrekking is dus dat die boer met die positiewe lewensuitkyk, wat probleme as uitdagings beskou, wat alle mense as sy gelyke hanteer, en wat die visie het om vooruit te dink en te beplan, die een is wat jaar na jaar die
rekords sal laat spat want niks wat na sy kant gegooi word sal hom kan onderkry nie. Hy is goed voorbereid, boer met passie en geniet wat hy doen, maar hy is die sakeman waarna ons ook in ons advertensies verwys wat sy vennote reg kies, tegnologie en innovasie tot sy voordeel benut en slim beplan vir die toekoms. Ons by Laeveld is trots om sulke boere as kliënte te kan hê en SAAM deel ons in jul vreugdes en suksesse. Julle maak ons en ons land trots! Corné Liebenberg Bemarkingsbestuurder
ch ven sltdeedsAvoglstroo e a om v e m L21 jaar e ore nt oe
Laeveld Agrochem het al vir die laaste 21 jaar die grootste reeks blaarvoedings, insek-,
Vir ‘n e, swam- en onkruiddoders beskikbaar. Laeveld Agrochem versprei die bekendste, navorsingsvoll sukses le oes gedrewe maatskappye se produkte vir u absolute gemoedsrus. a optim groter en ‘n engs opbr 8 - LAEVELD WinterSaam 2012 boer ons vooruit - www.laeveld.co.za
Deel 3
vervolg op Plantseisoen, vorige uitgawe
Die Groeiseisoen... Ons het geploeg… Ons het gesaai… Daar is niks in die lewe so kragtig soos om geloof in aksie te sit nie. Om te lewe met die vertroue op wat ons hoop en die sekerheid van wat nog nie sigbaar is nie. Daar is baie mense in die lewe wat droom van ‘n hoe ‘n eindproduk moet lyk. Maar die groot kuns lê daarin om drome tot vervulling te bring. Om soos ‘n beeldhouer die hamer en die bytel in jou hande te vat en die meesterstuk uit die rots uit te kap. Dit is altyd in diè meesterstuk dat die heerlikheid van die beeldhouer na vore kom. Ek persoonlik hou die meeste van die groei seisoen of soos die Engelse dit sal stel die “nurture” seisoen. Daar vind vir die eerste keer interaksie tussen my en my boerdery plaas. Daar is lewe. Die groenigheid glinster ‘n teken van nuwe geboorte wat plaasgevind het. Pragtig! Ek het so baie moeite, tyd en bloedsweet in die oes belê en vir die eerste keer ontvang ek iets terug. Deur net my landery aan mense voor te stel kan hulle my ontmoet. Die teken van lewe. My geloof het begin lewe! Believing is seeing! Die woord “nurture” word so verduidelik: Om
te voed en te beskerm. Om te ondersteun en aan te moedig. Te beoefen en te ontwikkel, leer en op te voed. LIEFDE!!! Presies wat van ‘n ouer verwag word t.o.v. sy kind. Dit is onbeskryflik maklik om kinders te hê, maar seker die grootste uitdaging om hulle suksesvol groot te maak en in die wêreld in te stuur. Almal weet dat die wenpaal die eindbestemming is, maar Paulus skryf dat die kind van God so moet hardloop dat hy wen. Dis nie een groot besluit wat ons identifiseer as gelowiges nie, maar eerder die baie klein opeenlopende besluite wat ons voorberei om eerste oor die wenpaal van die lewe te wandel. Dieselfde kan gesê word van jou oes. Nou hang dit van jou af as “ouer” om die volle potesiaal uit jou ‘kind’ uit te haal! Die Woord sê: “Volharding is wat ons nodig het, om nadat ons die wil van God gedoen het, die belofte te verkry”. Die oes is reeds daar… voor jou oë… net nog jonk, onvolwasse en desperaat vir jou liefde! Met my oudste dogter se geboorte kry ek een van my grootste openbarings deur ‘n boekie van Dr. James Dobson oor die beginsel van om jou kinders te groei… Dit lees as volg: “Weet
www.facebook.com/LaeveldAgrochem
net een ding Pa, as jy nie jou dogter gaan grootmaak nie, iemand anders gaan, en hulle het NIE dieselfde intensies vir haar as wat jy het NIE”. Dit was net in die voorwoord! Ek het toe al gevoel asof ek die volle openbaring gekry het want deur dit deel die Here iets met my! Dan verstaan ek nou hoekom Hy die duurste prys ooit sou betaal deur Jesus Christus, om my ‘n nuwe geboorte te gee as Sy kind… Want SLEGS HY het die beste intensies vir my en KAN die volle potensiaal uit my uithaal. Hy sou deur die kruis Sy Heilige Gees aan die binnekant van my plaas, om my groot te maak want net ‘n Vader kan die heerlikheid bepaal van ‘n kind. Om te groei sonder liefde is katastrofies, maar met dit, die volharding wat elkeen nodig het om suksesvol deur die lewe te kom én nog as ‘n verteenwoordiger van God. Die klem lê op oesbeskerming! Met die regte hoeveelheid water, snoei en behandeling is die oes bloot die gevolg. Selfs Jesus was bekommerd oor die onkruid tussen Sy saad (Matt 13:24-32). Hy vergelyk ons met ‘n koringsaad, want van koring maak jy later brood. Wanneer ons reg gegroei word deur Hom en Sy Woord, sou ons opgroei om die
geestelike stapelvoedsel te wees waarmee Hy die wêreld bedien om Sy liefde bekend te stel en te bewys. Alhoewel onkruid nie die saad noodwendig doodmaak nie, verstrik dit die potensiaal van die saad en beperk dit die grond om die koring by sy volle potensiaal uit te kry! So hou die onkruid jou dan jonk en onvolwasse. Kan ek sê “ongegroei”! Die volgende gelykenis gaan verder en sê die saad wat Hy in ons saai is soos ‘n mosterdsaad… die kleinste in saad maar die grootste in potensiaal. Alles hang dus SLEGS af hoe en deur wie ons gegroei word! Daar is niemand meer in staat om jou land tot sy volheid te bring as jy self nie… Slegs jy het die hart om dit te kan doen! Geniet elke oomblik van die groeiseisoen! Gebruik die BESTE VAN JOU om die BESTE UIT JOU SAAD uit te haal sodat jy die BESTE OES kan hê! 1Kor 2:9 “Wat die oog nog nie gesien het nie, wat die oor nog nie gehoor het nie, en wat in die hart van die mens nog nie opgekom het nie, het God klaar gereed gemaak vir die wat Hom lief het”!
LAEVELD NUUS
iPAD WENNER Baie geluk aan Jan Rheeder, van Rheeder Boerdery Edms. Bpk. Hy is die gelukkige wenner van die vorige uitgawe se iPad-kompetisie. Ons is seker hy sal sy prys geweldig geniet. Onthou om vir hierdie uitgawe se kompetisie op bladsy 29 in te skryf. Dalk is jy ons volgende wenner! 6 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
jg
g
Die jgjongste nuus uit Laeveld Agrochem g
LAEVELD NUUS
LIGHTS, CAMERA... ACTION! Gedurende Juniemaand het Laeveld Agrochem die produksie begin van hul korporatiewe video, wat deur Faction Media te Brits verfilm is. Volgens Laeveld se Corné Liebenberg is hy heeltemal oortuig dat hierdie korporatiewe video ‘n onmisbare
hulpmiddel vir elkeen gaan word, veral vir gebruik op boeredae en vir die nuwe agente. Ons sê dankie aan Johan en sy span van Laeveld se Brits-depot vir hul heeldag regtsaan en rondspring… julle maak ‘n bakgaai span uit!
Krag vir die DAG
“Die wat met trane saai, sal vreugde maai.”
Psalm 126:5 LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 7
SUKSESVERHAAL
STRONGARM
‘n Wenner teen onkruid by soja- en grondbone
Strongarm 840 WG, die selektiewe onkruiddoder van Dow AgroSciences - geregistreer vir gebruik op sojaen grondbone - het sy eerste seisoen se spuit op boere se landerye met vlieënde vaandels geslaag. Boere wat dit gebruik het, het net lof vir Strongarm se deeglike werking om selfs van die hardnekkigste onkruid ontslae te raak.
S
trongarm is korrelvormig en waterdispergeerbaar. Dis aangedui vir vooropkomsbeheer in tenkmengsel met sekere grasdoders vir die beheer van eenjarige grasse, breëblaaronkruide en, onder sekere toestande, ook geeluintjies. Mnr Lourens Bibbey van Frankfort in die Vrystaat, waarskynlik die boer wat die meeste soja in Suid-Afrika plant, het vanjaar 2 700ha onder soja gehad en sê dis ‘n genade as ‘n boer ‘n produk soos Strongarm kan koop en gebruik. Op sommige lande was dit nie eens nodig om glifosaat te spuit nie, sê hy. “Strongarm is op al die lande gespuit met uitstekende onkruidbeheer. ‘n Mens kon die verskil duidelik sien waar die spuit
8 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Mnr Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences se noordelike streek (links) saam met mnr Lourens Bibbey in sy sojaland.
Wenner onkruiddoder
Mnr Danie van Wyk van Wonderfontein, Middelburg, kniel in sy pragtige stand soja. Dit is duidelik Strongarm het gesorg dat die gewas geen mededinging van onkruid het nie.
nie gespuit het nie,” sê hy. “Waar reën kort na spuit op sekere lande geval het, was dit nie nodig om die lande ook met glifosaat te spuit om laat ontkiemende onkruid te beheer nie.”
onkruidbeheer bewys en ook moeilik beheerbare onkruid soos wandelende Jood, stokroos en selfs uintjies onder sekere toestande goed onderdruk,” sê hy.
‘n Suksesvolle boeredag is in Februarie deur mnr Jan Schabort van Laeveld Agrochem op mnr Lourens Bibbey se plaas gehou waar Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences ‘n aanbieding oor Strongarm gedoen het.
Mnr Japie Grobler van Karookom, Bothaville, oud-president van AgriSA, is net so tevrede met Strongarm op sy grondbone. “Op ons groot blok is dit silwerskoon. Strongarm werk beslis,” sê hy. Sy seun Philip is die man op die land. “Ons het alles met Strongarm gespuit. Dit werk uitstekend. ’n Mens sien die verskil duidelik waar die spuit gemis het of ’n baan oorgeslaan is. Waar nie gespuit is nie en later geskoffel moes word, vertoon die grondbone baie swakker as waar gespuit is.”
“Strongarm was verlede jaar die eerste keer in die mark en was ‘n topverkoper. Dit bespaar koste omdat die boer minder glifosaat hoef te spuit en selfs glad nie as toestande gunstig is. Waar Strongarm gebruik is, het dit effektiewe
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 9
SUKSESVERHAAL
Mnr Theunis van der Westhuizen in sy sojaland (links) saam met mnr Louis Botha, van Nulandis in die Middelburg-area. Links kan ‘n mens sien hoe hoog staan die stokroos waar die spuit gemis het.
“Strongarm is ’n wenproduk,” sê mnr Zakkie Steyn van Bothaville. Hy het ’n verwerkingsaanleg op sy plaas waar grondbone onder die handelsmerk Peanut Bear gegradeer en verpak word. Hy voer keurgraadgrondbone uit na die VSA. “Iemand sê anderdag hy wens hulle wil ’n Roundup-Ready-grondboon op die mark bring. Ek dink nie dis nodig nie – ons het dan Strongarm; dit is nou die oplossing. Onkruidbeheer is net soveel beter. Wat dit merkwaardig maak, is dat dit so lank gewerk het nadat ons ontsettend baie reën gehad het. Ons het kort na spuit reën gekry en dan werk dit veral soos ’n bom. “Waar dit nie gereën het nie, kom onkruid deur. Daaraan kan jy niks doen nie. Op een plaas het die spuit leeg 10 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
geraak en deur die land gery. Daar kon ek sien hoe goed Strongarm is op wilde lusern. Selfs wandelende Jood, ’n moeilike onkruid om te bekamp, is na ons groot reën in Desember nog uitstekend beheer. Waar nie gespuit is nie, was die grondbone toegegroei onder onkruid. Ons het ook gevind die beheer van uintjies, ’n halsstarrige onkruid, is baie goed,” Mnr Wim Nel van Palmietfontein, Bothaville, is net so tevrede met Strongarm. Sy grondboonlande was nog nooit so skoon van wilde lusern nie, sê hy. Een strook land is as kontrole nie gespuit nie en daar floreer die onkruid. Mnr George Steyn van die plaas Humanskraal naby Ottosdal is ’n groot boer. Hy het Strongarm op aanbeveling van mnr Tom Wiersma van Technichem Oesbeskerming gespuit.
Wenner-onkruiddoder met pap implementebande. As die stroper die stokroos se droë stingel aftrap, bly ‘n kort stukkie stam in die grond geanker. Dit is sterk en skerp en steek deur ‘n implement se buiteband met groot vertragings om pap wiele eers te herstel.
Mnr Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences (links) en Danie du Plessis van Laeveld Agrochem (middel) saam met mnr Zakkie Steyn van Bothaville.
“Onkruidbeheer met Strongarm is baie goed. Ek het een keer gespuit en die lande is silwerskoon. Ek dink nie ’n mens kan meer sê soja is ’n pieperige gewas nie, mits lande onkruidvry is nie. Ons grootste vyand is wandelende Jood. Ander onkruiddoders maak hom nie dood, wel die ander onkruid. Dan floreer die Jood want dis net hy en die gewas wat die vog en kunsmis gebruik,” sê mnr Steyn. “Strongarm is ’n wenproduk. Die boer wen by die oes,” sê mnr Theunis van der Westhuizen van Groenkraalfontein, Middelburg, ‘n boer met baie ander ysters in die vuur. “Een van my groot probleme is wildestokroos (Hibiscus cannabinus) en daar is nie ander onkruiddoders wat stokroos by sojabone goed beheer nie. Ek het in die verlede baie probleme gehad
“Beheer van stokroos met Strongarm is dus ‘n bonus en dit word nie eens op die onkruiddoder se etiket aangedui nie. Daar is ander moeilike onkruid soos wandelende Jood en kankerroos oor op my lande maar hulle is deeglik met Strongarm beheer as jy kyk na waar die spuit gemis het,” sê hy. Mnr Danie van Wyk van Wonderfontein, Middelburg, ook ‘n kliënt van mnr Louis Botha, se plaas lê neffens die N3 op pad Laeveld toe. Hy het 100 ha soja geplant en goeie onkruidbeheer beheer met Strongarm saam met een bespuiting glifosaat gekry. Van die mooiste soja was op sy onkruidvrye lande te sien. “Dit was ‘n moeilike jaar maar Strongarm het uitstekend gewerk. Dit bespaar ook op addisionele glifosaatbespuitings,” sê hy. Strongarm 840 WG (Reg. No. L 8667). Kontak u naaste Laeveld agent vir meer inligting oor Dow AgroSciences se Strongarm 840 WG. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 11
LAEVELD COMMUNITY
Biodiversity &rural development
SUPPORTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT The links between poverty and environmental degradation in rural areas is usually easy to see - but the causes are always complex. Rural areas can be rich with untapped human and environmental potential and call for innovative, integrative approaches. The Environmental Monitoring Group The EMG’s work with rural communities aims to illustrate the value of participatory approaches that draw on inherent resources, build problem-solving capacity, and develop the base for sustainable livelihoods. At the same time their Rural Development Programme aims to develop arguments for better policy and practice that promote effective adaptation to climate variability and address land degradation while maintaining biodiversity, agricultural productivity and local livelihoods. Small-scale Farmers EMG has been working with small-scale 12 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
rooibos farmers of the Suid-Bokkeveld for some years, assisting them in accessing fair trade and organic markets. For these farmers, marginalised by apartheid and the monopoly rooibos processing industry, the higher prices obtained on the fair trade and organic markets, mean that tea-growing is no longer merely a survival strategy, but a viable farming activity. EMG provides a range of on-going support to Suid-Bokkeveld farmers organised under the Heiveld Co-operative, representing some 60 small-scale farmers and their dependents. With access to alternative trading systems comes supportive financing and training. The farmers have been able to raise capital to build their own tea-processing facility and have recently purchased their own administrative and processing facility in the village of Nieuwoudtville. As their farming activities have become more profitable, so opportunities for building sustainable farming practices have increased.
Rural Development
Adapting to Climate Change In the Suid Bokkeveld in 2003, a prolonged drought wiped out most of the small-scale farmers’ cultivated rooibos. Since then they have been engaged in a process of learning and action to enhance their resilience in the face of climatic variability. Every three months members of the community gather to share their records of the weather during the previous quarter. They discuss weather impacts and their responses to these, review long term forecasts, develop plans to adapt their farming practices and livelihood strategies and learn more about the drivers of climatic change and its effects. Farmers have modified their farming practices and have appreciated the natural adaptation of wild rooibos to increasing temperatures and drought events, recognising that husbandry of wild rooibos provides a safety net that reduces their vulnerability and conserves biodiversity at little or no additional cost. Wild Rooibos Tea The leaves and young shoots of the rooibos bush have been used by indigenous peoples of the Western Cape since pre-history to produce a healthgiving beverage known as rooibos tea. It was only in the early 1900s that the species began to be cultivated on a commercial basis. The cultivated rooibos variety is fast-
growing and high-yielding, but less resistant to pests and drought than wild varieties. Because of increasing demand, much of the specie’s natural habitat has been ploughed up and put under intensive mono-crop cultivation. There are very few areas remaining where wild tea plants can still be found (mostly in marginal and mountainous areas). Like the wild tea, small-scale coloured farmers were also limited to the more marginal areas by successive colonial and apartheid laws. Communities of smallscale rooibos farmers have been harvesting wild and cultivated rooibos for many generations, and have become the de facto guardians of the wild rooibos genetic stock. The EMG facilitated a programme of Action Research with small-farmers of the Heiveld Co-op and Wupperthal Co-op to identify, characterise and map populations of wild tea. Wild rooibos offers a potentially more reliable source of income, but farmers are keen to develop a sustainable harvesting strategy, and gain more insight into the ecology of the plant in the wild and its response to a changing climate. The importance of managing and protecting this wild genetic stock cannot be overstated, particularly as climate change may put new pressures on the cultivated variety and threaten the viability of the industry. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 13
PRODUCT PROFILE
Ea Agri rn poin bonus prod ts on a n ucts boug y ht from Laev eld
ASSURED PROTECTION 速 K-Obiol EC25 K-Obiol速 EC25 is a modern pyrethroid formulation containing deltamethrin, synergised with piperonyl butoxide for the control of all stored product insects known to infest grain and pulses. This pyrethroid formulation is an ideal alternative to organophosphorus formulations.
14 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Root Rot Protection
Up to 12 months control (Admixture) • K-Obiol® EC25 is a liquid grain protectant for the control of stored product pests including crawling insects such as grain weevils, flour beetles, grain borers, saw-toothed grain beetles, bean weevils and flying insects such as warehouse moths, rice moths, Indian meal moths and grain moths. Add 1 litre of K-Obiol® EC25 to 99 litres of water and apply this to 100 tonnes of grain for protection up to 12 months. Fabric of the building treatment (pre-harvest) • K-Obiol® EC 25 can be applied to the fabric of the building. Add up to 60ml of K-Obiol® EC25 to 5 litres of water. Refer to the label for different porous and non-porous application rates. This fabric treatment provides 2 months protection. • K-Obiol® EC25 can be used in grain silos and stores that are subsequently used for oilseed
rape storage as a fabric of the building and equipment treatment only. K-Obiol® EC25 does not have approval for use as an admixture treatment for oilseed rape. No Withholding period • On finished, manufactured product, flour and bread: no residues over the MRL are found as deltamethrin does not significantly penetrate the grain but remains on the bran. • Within hard wheat manufactured products, semolina and pasta: no residues over the MRL of deltamethrin were detected. • In malting: No residue over the MRL of deltamethrin is found in wort or beer, and therefore has no effect on beer. K-Obiol® EC25: Deltamethrin (pyrethroid) 25 g/ℓ; Piperonyl butoxide 250g/ℓ(Reg No. L4586 Act No. 36 of 1947) Please contact your nearest Laeveld Agrochem agent for more information on this product. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 15
PLAAG- & ONKRUIDBEHEER
Silverskurf
& Swartspikkel
Hoe nou gemaak? Die Suid-Afrikaanse tafel aartappelprodusent moet dikwels ‘n keuse maak tussen: Plant van saad van sy gunsteling kultivar wat met silwerskurf-swartspikkel besmet is; plant van skoon saad van ‘n ander kultivar; of plant ‘n ander gewas. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om feite rondom die silwerskurf/swartspikkelkompleks te gee sodat die produsent ‘n ingeligte besluit kan maak. Agtergrond Die simptome van silwerskurf en swartspikkel word meestal nie op ongewaste aartappels raakgesien nie. Dit verklaar waarom die siekte-kompleks wêreldwyd, en tot relatief onlangs, as minder belangrik beskou is. Die siektes word dikwels as ‘n kosmetiese siekte, of ‘n “blemish disease” beskryf. In SuidAfrika het die simptome van die siektekompleks reeds in die vroeë 1980’s tot afgradering van tafelaartappels gelei. 16 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Dit is waarskynlik te wyte aan die feit dat die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruiker lank reeds gewaste aartappels sonder enige vlekke vereis. ‘n Verdere implikasie is dat aanplantings vir saad ook nie gesertifiseer kan word nie, indien die siektes die maksimum toleransie wat die skema toelaat oorskry. Al hoe meer verslae van navorsing in die buiteland toon egter dat silwerskurfswartspikkel as ‘n belangrike siekte regoor die wêreld erken word. Die siekte-kompleks is reeds so vroeg as die 1980’s al in Suid-Afrika nagevors (Denner, 1997). Die siekte-kompleks Silwerskurf word veroorsaak deur die swam Helminthosporium solani en swartspikkel deur die swam Colletotrichum coccodes respektiewelik. Hoewel simptome van die twee siektes deur die geoefende oog onderskei kan word (Tabel 1), lyk hulle op die oog af vir
Silverskurf en Swartspikkel
baie mense dieselfde. Daarom word daar dikwels net gepraat van silwerskurf. Dit is egter meer korrek om van silwerskurfswartspikkel te praat. Hoewel die siektes afsonderlik op knolle kan voorkom, kom hulle ook in kombinasie voor omdat die toestande vir siekte-ontwikkeling baie ooreenstem. Silwerskurf en swartspikkel ontwikkel albei by temperature tussen 20 – 30oC. Vogtige omgewingstoestande speel ‘n uiters belangrike rol by siekteontwikkeling van albei patogene. Indien plante onder stres verkeer kan dit ook bevorderlik vir siekte-ontwikkeling wees. Die spore van veral silwerskurf word maklik deur lugstrome versprei. Hierdie feit is veral belangrik by siekteontwikkeling en -verspreiding tydens opberging. Skoon saad wat saam met
besmette saad opgeberg word kan maklik op die manier besmet raak. Knolle kan enige tyd na oes, tydens hantering of gedurende opberging besmet raak. Tydens die groeiseisoen vind infeksie deur albei patogene reeds vanaf blomstadium plaas. Die mees kritieke tyd vir infeksie is gewoonlik die laaste 2 na 3 weke van die groeiseisoen. Hoe langer die knolle na loofafsterwing in die grond lê hoe hoër word die besmettingsvlakke. Infeksie deur beide silwerskurf en swartspikkel word meestal beperk tot die buitenste lagie van ‘n knol, net onder die skil (periderm). In die geval van silwerskurf veroorsaak infeksie dat die skil losgemaak word van die onderliggende weefsel, daarom die LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 17
PLAAG- & ONKRUIDBEHEER kan tot standprobleme lei. Daar ontstaan ook skeurtjies in die skil wat ideale omstandighede vir besmetting van bv. siektes soos sagtevrot en Fusarium spp. skep.
Bo: Aartappel met silverskurf
silweragtige voorkoms. In die geval van swartspikkel kan die kleur van die letsels varieer van ligbruin tot donkerbruin. Wat is die effek van beide siektes op saadkwaliteit, stand en opbrengs? Silwerskurf en swartspikkel kom net onder die skil van knolle voor en infeksie lei tot die beskadiging daarvan. As gevolg van die beskadiging van die skil raak dit deurlaatbaar wat tot vogverlies van knolle lei. Indien vogverlies plaasvind tydens opberging word die knolle ‘pap’ en beïnvloed dit die fisiologiese houvermoë van die knolle. Die plant van dié saad
18 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Hierdie sekondêre infeksies kan reeds voor plant tot verrotting lei. Besmette saad kan onder gunstige omstandighede ‘n goeie stand en opbrengs lewer. Die risiko bestaan egter dat die siektes na die nageslagknolle oorgedra kan word. Wat kan ek doen as besmette saad wel geplant moet word? • Behandel saad met ‘n geregistreerde swamdoder. • Sorg dat groeitoestande so optimaal moontlik gehou word. Omdat infeksie van die saad en/of grond na dogter knolle, veral laat in die grondseisoen plaasvind, moet daar geoes word sodra dit prakties moontlik
Silverskurf en Swartspikkel
Bo: Aartappel met swartspikkel
is. Moenie aartappels in die grond stoor nie, dit sal siekte-ontwikkeling/uitbreiding bevorder. Monitor die teenwoordigheid vir beide siektes weekliks, veral die laaste vier weke van die groeiseisoen asook na loof afsterwing. Hoe beperk ek besmetting van grond? • Moet nie saad wat met swartspikkel besmet is, in waardevolle nuwe grond plant nie. • Ken die geskiedenis van die land. Die swartspikkel patogeen kan tot 8 jaar in grond oorleef. • Gewasrotasie moet nie minder as 4 jaar wees nie. • Vermy die plant van alternatiewe gashere (bv. tamaties) in ‘n gewasrotasie met aartappels. • Beheer gasheer-onkruide.
•
• Geen chemiese opvolg behandelings gedurende die groeiseisoen is beskikbaar om verdere siekte-ontwikkeling wat mag ontstaan te beheer nie. • Geen produkte is geregistreer vir die beheer van C. coccodes in die grond nie. • Groot aanplantings lei daar toe dat knolle nie tydig geoes kan word nie. Die tydige oes van knolle is een vandie belangrikste beheerpraktyke waar beide siektes ‘n probleem is.
Skrywer: Dr. Fienie Niederwieser, Aartappels Suid-Afrika en dr. Freddie Denner, Agchem Africa. Oorspronklik in Chips gepubliseer, die amptelike tydskrif van die Aartappels Suid-Afrika. Verwysings: Denner, FDN, 1997. Black dot and silver scurf of potatoes in South Africa - PhD tesis, Universiteit van Pretoria. Denner, FDN, 2006.Geïntegreerde beheer van silwerskurf en antraknose op aartappels. Chips Vol 20 no 4. Beskikbaar op www.potatoes.co.za/research/chips Nortje, PF. 2001. Hantering van silwerskurf en antraknose in die sertifiseringskema. Chips vol 15 no 6.Beskikbaar op www. potatoes.co.za/research/chips
Waarom presteer behandelde knolle soms swakker as wat verwag word? • Swamdoderprodukte van saadaartappels is slegs geregistreer as ‘n na oes of voor plant behandeling.
Danaher, J & Hilton, A. 2005.Prediction and manipulation of black dot development in potato crops. Project report 2005/2. British Potato Council. Hamm, PB., Johnson, DA; Miller, JS; Olsen, & Nolte, P. 2007. Silver scurf management in potatoes. A Pacific Northwest extension Publication.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 19
PLAAG- & ONKRUIDBEHEER
Die uitwissing van
BANKROTBOS Dit betaal om te betaal om bankrotbos uit te roei, sê die boere.
D
it is betalend vir die boer om te betaal om bankrotbos op ‘n plaas uit te roei as die wins aan drakrag van die veld teen die koste van bestryding opgeweeg word, sê ‘n beesboer van die distrik Vredefort in die Vrystaat. “As ‘n mens suiwer na die ekonomie van die saak kyk, maak dit absoluut sin. Dit sal my so drie jaar neem om my uitleg te herwin,” sê dr Chris Reinecke. “Daarna is opvolgwerk nodig om bossies wat wel weer opkom, summier uit te roei.” Dr Reinecke het ‘n doktorsgraad in Chemie en was vroeër hoof van ‘n groot korporatiewe maatskappy. Hy boer op Reitzbrug in die distrik Vredefort. Die plase waar hy die bankrotbossie, ook bekend as vaalbos en slangbos (Seriphium
20 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Die verskil tussen die bankrot(bos)kant en die gerehabiliteerde kant is baie duidelik te sien.
vulgaris), bestry het, is Leeukop en Modderfontein – sowat 365 ha. Hy benader die saak wetenskaplik, het die ekonomie van die onderneming fyn uitgewerk en mnr Chris Richter van Terracare Vegetation Consultants, ‘n spesialisfirma van Bloemfontein, geraadpleeg.
Bankrotbos se pryse amper R100 000 hoër omset gee en sowat R70 000 aan netto wins. “Die lugtoediening het my sowat R200 000 gekos. As dié koste gedelg is, hou die wins nie op nie. Verdwaalde bankrotbos wat weer groei, moet gemonitor en met handtoediening bestry word,” sê dr Reinecke. “As ‘n mens vandag onder die dooie bossie kyk, sien jy hoe polle gras hervestig; ‘n pragtige gesig. Ek sit met grond wat R10 000/ha kos. As ek te suinig is om sowat R365/ha te betaal om my veld se drakrag te verhoog, is dit dom ekonomie. Tegelyk vrek ander bome, selfs bloekom, en sommige indringerplante ook.” ‘n Welkome gesig van gesonde weiding! Mnr Chris Richter, ‘n deskundige op die gebied van die beheer van bankrotbos, wys na ‘n dooie bankrotbossie in Mnr Louis van Vuuren se veld.
Mnr Leon van Vuuren van Shumbas Valley tussen Parys en Fochville in die distrik
“Ons het lugtoediening gebruik en dit is binne so drie uur afgehandel. Trekkerbespuiting sou seker drie maande geneem het gepaard met baie probleme en intensiewe arbeid. Op ou lande kan ‘n trekker nog werk maar nie in klipperige veld soos myne nie. Die plase was erg besmet en die drakrag waarskynlik helfte van die potensiaal. “Waarom betaal dit om te betaal om bankrotbos te bestry? Ek sou op hierdie stuk grond omtrent 70 beeste kon aanhou; met bankrotbos kan dit net 35 dra. Ek kan nou nog 35 koeie aanhou en met my kalfpersentasie van 70% beteken dit 25 meer kalwers per jaar, wat teen vandag
Dr Chris Reinecke en mnr Chris Richter van Terra Care midde in die dooie bankrotbos wat deur die vee platgetrap word of self omval en terugkeer na die grond. Die nuwe weiding wat deurkom, is duidelik te sien.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 21
PLAAG- & ONKRUIDBEHEER
Anderkant die draad tier die bankrotbos! Mnre Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences en Louis van Vuuren, wildboer van Vredefort, kyk na ‘n stewige groen stand van die indringerplant op ‘n buurplaas. Teen die draad is dit duidelik dat die bossie behandel is en gevrek het. Voortdurende opvolgwerk is nodig om verdwaalde plante uit te roei.
Potchefstroom is uitsluitlik ‘n deeltydse wildboer en was maar anderhalfjaar op die plaas toe hy teen die bankrotbos opgetree het. Hy het ook Chris Richter se deskundige kennis gebruik maar met die hand bestry omdat hy nie natuurlike bome en struike wou uitroei nie. Hy het baie beboste randjiesveld. Sewe maande na behandeling sê hy: “Daar is net ‘n ontsaglike verskil. Selfs harpuisbos, ‘n moeilike kalant, word goed beheer. Ek maak nou meer waterpunte. Die wild benut die veld om die nuwe drinkplek. Waar hulle wei, trap hulle die dooie bankrotbos plat en vreet die gras wat opkom. Jy kan sien die gras se toppe is afgewei. Ek kry die wild nou oor ‘n baie 22 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
groter deel van die plaas. “Ek het so 600 stuks wild op die plaas en skat ek sal vorentoe so 900 op dieselfde grond kan laat wei,” sê mnr Van Vuuren. Hy bedryf ook ‘n massavervoeronderneming. Mnr André de Beer, wat ‘n staalonderneming in Potchefstroom bedryf, boer deeltyds met beeste op die plaas Modderdam in die Vredefortdistrik. Chris Richter het vier jaar gelede op sy plaas gespuit en verlede jaar opvolgwerk gedoen. Die bestryding is met hande-arbeid gedoen omdat André as beesboer nie die nodige implemente het nie. “’n Mens moet opvolg,” sê mnr De Beer. “Ek dink daar bly maar saad agter wat mettertyd ontkiem. Ek meen ek het 85% gras bygekry. Kostegewys was
Bankrotbos
Mnr André de Beer van Modderfontein, Vredefort, staan in sy weikamp by ‘n verdwaalde bankrotbossie wat opgekom het.
Mnr Louis van Vuuren meen hy sal ‘n derde meer wild op sy plaas kan laat wei nadat die bankrotbos onder beheer gebring is.
dit die moeite werd want die drakrag het verhoog en ek kan seker tussen 60 en 70 meer beeste op die plaas aanhou. Ek maak nog steeds kampe en sal dan moontlik selfs nog meer beeste kan laat wei.
sê in die gevalle hierbo is Molopo 200 GG Reg. No. L6111 uit die lug toegedien en waar dit met hande-arbeid gedoen is, is Molopo 500 SC Reg. No. L 5854 gebruik. Albei produkte van Dow AgroSciences is geregistreer ingevolge Wet No. 36 van 1947.
“Dit is nodig om opvolgwerk te doen as bestryding met hande-arbeid gedoen word omdat dit maklik is om in ‘n digte stand enkele bankrotbosplante oor te slaan. As jy besin oor wat in vier jaar hier gebeur het, is dit ongelooflik,” sê hy. “Dit betaal beslis om die bankrotbossie uit te roei.” Chris Richter is ‘n weidingsekoloog en probleemplantspesialis wat op die chemiese bestryding van indringerplante soos bankrotbos/slangbos konsentreer. Hy
Hy sê sukses met bestryding van bankrotbos hang af van ‘n paar faktore : • korrekte geregistreerde produk; • korrekte konsentrasie en dosis; • korrekte tyd van toediening; • metode van aanwending (vliegtuig/ trekkerspuit/hande-arbeid); en • goeie toesig en beheer tydens toediening. Laeveld help graag met die bestryding van bankrotbossie. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 23
DISEASES & DISORDERS
Rot Remedy identifying& treating root rot and crown rot Root Rot Identification Common root rot is a serious disease of wheat, barley, and oats. Infected plants tend to produce fewer tillers with smaller and fewer seeds per head. This disease is caused by a complex of soil-borne fungi. The spores germinate in the soil. Seedlings become infected following germination. Spores are produced on diseased tissue and are spread by wind, water, cultivation, and infected seeds.
Symptoms: Look for brown discolouration of stem bases, roots, crowns, and lower leaf sheaths. Infected plants are generally shorter and produce fewer stems and grains per head. At times, plants appear bleached and dead. Root rot may be tolerated by the plant with no above ground symptoms, as long as sufficient new roots are generated.
Patchy emergence is usually the first indication that damage has occurred. Infections start on the roots and subcrown internodes and move to the leaves. Seedlings may die before or soon after emergence even though they only show slight damage.
Treatment & Prevention Avoid soil compaction. Turning under stubble may help to reduce infection levels. Apply adequate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to encourage vigorous root and shoot growth to enable plants to resist or tolerate infection.
Drought and warm weather cause more severe infections. Nutritional stress can also favour infection.
Under cooler temperatures, delayed seeding and proper seeding depths promote uniform germination and
24 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Rot Remedies
emergence to reduce infection. Avoid growing continuous wheat or continuous barley. Rotation with non-cereal crops and control of grassy weeds will reduce inoculum levels. Commercial seed treatment fungicides that prevent seed decay also provide some protection against post-emergence infections. Crown & Foot Rot Identification Crown rot is a disease which affects many different types of plants, including fruits, shrubs and trees. Plants afflicted with this disease experience rot around their stems, in the area where the stem joins the root. Several different organisms can cause crown rot. One of the most famous is Phytophthora, an organism which is often mistakenly referred to as a fungus, although it is actually a protist. Fusarium fungi can also cause crown rot, as can several other fungal species, and sometimes the condition is linked to bacteria or nematodes. Symptoms The first symptom noticed is usually wilting of the leaves. Within several days, the entire plant wilts and dies. If the soil is removed from around the base of the plant, a very distinct
necrotic rot of the crown and the upper portion of the taproot is evident. The rot develops first as a light-coloured, water-soaked area, which becomes progressively darker. It begins in the cortex of the root, causes cortex tissue to slough off, and eventually destroys all of the tissue except the fibrous vascular strands. The main and lower portions of the taproot are not affected, except under extremely wet conditions. Likewise, the stem is not affected, except for the lower 2–4 cm immediately above the soil line. Treatment & Prevention Prevention of crown rot starts with using good quality, sterile soil for new plantings, so that plant pathogens cannot be passed around. Plants should also be given a stable supply of water which meets their needs, and farmers should avoid over watering or allowing plants to dry out totally, as these conditions can promote the growth of unwanted organisms in the soil. Because the fungus survives in the soil for only 2–3 years, a 4-year rotation is usually adequate for disease control. Planting fungicide-treated seed is also effective in reducing the incidence of disease initiated from infected seed. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 25
GAMES & ACTIVITIES SUDOKU EASY
PUZZLE time
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Games & Activities for the Family
*Terme & voorvaardes van toepassing. Kompetisie sluit einde Julie .
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 27
A MOST ALLURING NEW PRODUCT
chempac
MAIZE STALK BORER LURE A Pheromone attractant designed to lure the male Maize Stalk Borer moths to the Chempac Yellow Delta Trap. Placement of Yellow Delta Trap 1. One trap per 5ha. 2. Place the trap towards the highest point of the plant. 3. Ensure that there are no leaves near the trap openings. 4. Prevent sun from shining into the trap. 5. Place towards the center of the land. 6. Place 2/3 up against a slope. Placement of pheromone in Delta Trap 1. Use a paper clip, to which the pheromone emitter is attached. 2. Push the paper clip through the Delta Trap
Egg stage
so that the emitter in positioned towards the middle of the trap. (When handling the pheromone emitter be careful not to let it touch the side of the trap, as this may impact negatively on its catching potential.) Monitoring Guidelines • Monitoring should commence in November. • Traps should be replaced and recorded on a weekly basis. • Approximately 4 to 6 weeks after crop emergence, weekly physical inspections should be conducted on leaves, stem and developing heads. • Pheromone should be replaced every six weeks.
Larval stage
Adult stage
Lowveld Agrochem -Together cultivating your success
0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Identification of Maize Stalk Borer • Adult stage: In their adult stage moths generally have dark brown, patterned forewings and white to grey-brown hind wings. Adult moths are nocturnal and have a wing span of 25 to 40 mm. Females are generally slightly larger than males. Females usually mate on the night of emergence and will oviposit on the subsequent 3 to 4 nights. Females lay eggs in batches of 100 to 200. Each female can lay up to 1000 eggs in a lifetime. Adults have an area of dispersal of up to 1.6 km and occasionally further. •
•
Egg stage: Eggs are light yellow in colour, spherical, and approximately 1mm in diameter. Eggs are characterised by approximately 70 radial ridges on the upper surface and are laid in a single column on the stem under leaf sheaths. Eggs hatch after about 10 days. Larval stage: Young larvae are generally dark brown, purple or black in colour. They migrate to the whorl to feed. There are usually 6 larval instars although 8 are possible in unfavourable conditions. Instars burrow into the stem and feed on the central stem tissue. Typically only one larva is found per stem, as larvae are cannibalistic. Later, in-
Affected host plant
stars are creamy-white with a grey or pink tint. Mature larvae can be up to 40mm in length and have small black spots along the length of the body. Larvae mature in about 35 days and pupate within the stem. Prior to pupating, larvae cut a small hole in the stem, which enables the adult moth to emerge. •
Pupae stage: Pupae are generally 25mm in length and shiny yellow brown to dark brown in colour. Males are usually smaller than females. Pupae are found in galleries within the stem and have a pair of plain spines located on the terminal cremaster. The pupae stage lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.
Usually 2 to 3 generations occur during the growing season. Often, eggs from the 2nd or 3rd generation are laid around the ears and emerging larvae then cause extensive damage to young kernels before burrowing into the stalks. In favourable conditions, the life cycle can take 7 or 8 weeks. Host Plants Maize, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, and various thick-stemmed grasses such as Napier and Sudan grass.
Ea Agri rn poin bonus prod ts on a n ucts boug y ht from Laev eld
Find your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909 LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012
- 1
TRAVEL
Explore the
Zulu Kingdom
KZN at Play
Situated along the east coast of South Africa, the Zulu Kingdom boasts a coastline over 600km in length, bathed by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. Not surprisingly, travellers and tourists alike flock to its shores year-round to soak up the sun, swim in its seas and experience the vibe and culture that defines the province.
D
urban, known as eThekwini to the local Zulu population, forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and is the largest city in KwaZulu-Natal. Durban is a sophisticated cosmopolitan city of over three million people - a city where east meets west - a city beneath which beats the pulse of Africa – a city known as the home of Africa’s best managed, busiest port. Its an an exciting city in which to play, shop, experience the nightlife and relax. This city is home to the world-class International Convention Centre Durban, which has hosted a historic line-up of events including conferences of a global scale.
30 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Leisure facilities abound in Durban… Visit uShaka Marine World, Wilson’s Wharf on the Victoria Embankment and the nearby BAT Centre. Enjoy fine and traditional dining, entertainment and shopping in scenic surroundings or shop till you drop in the city’s ulta-modern shopping malls. Grey Street and the Warwick Triangle boast vibrant local’s shops and markets and Durban’s unique beachfront stalls sell traditional arts and crafts, known the world over. Enjoy the excellent entertainment on offer at the city’s theatres and clubs or take a township tour. If it’s peace and sheer beauty you are after, head off towards Durban’s nature sanctuaries or parks. Sail,
Discover KwaZulu-Natal
swim, run, and play tennis or, alternatively stroll along or relax on the sun-drenched beaches watching the world go by. Experience Zululand The sheer majesty of Zululand will take your breath away. Under the hot African sun, the cobalt blue Indian Ocean, mangrove swamps and limpid lagoons give way to rolling green hills and indigenous forests which shimmer in the distance before they reach the Drakensberg Mountains. While you are in Zululand, enjoy the welcoming wide smiles extended to you by the local people. Enjoy the comfortable accommodation in major towns, game
lodges, to seashore cottages, Zulu homes or floating lake chalets. Zululand teems with private and provincial game reserves which offer game-watching facilities as well as hiking and nature trails. But it is probably ‘the Zulu experience’ which will linger in your mind long after you have left Zululand. Take an ox wagon to Zulu villages of bee-hive huts and experience traditional Zulu hospitality, or a rural wedding ceremony, and if you wish, visit a sangoma (traditional healer). You cannot leave without a visit to Ulundi, the site of the final battle fought in the Anglo-Zulu war. Nearby, Zulu kings lie buried in the Emakhosini Valley. In total contrast are the township tours showcasing LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 31
TRAVEL
modern Zulu life including taverns, shebeens and traditional medicine shops. Further inland lie tea plantations, cattle ranches and pretty, historical towns such as Vryheid and Paulpietersburg where you can relax in the therapeutic sulphur springs. The People An ethnically diverse people populate KwaZulu-Natal, which is home to the proud Zulu nation who ruled this territory with prowess and skill, and whose cultural influence remains strongly evident. The English speaking residents are largely descendants of European settlers and missionaries, originating from many world regions, and each group displays interesting traditions. 32 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
The Indian population is the largest community outside India itself and their influence on cuisine, religion and lifestyles is colourfully evident in stores, events, restaurants and cultural institutions. This assortment of citizens creates a vibrant population united in their friendliness, generosity of spirit and welcoming nature. They may appear laid-back as a result of the relaxed lifestyle but are founders and hosts of many worldleading institutions and facilities. The locals don’t care why you came, but that you chose their home as your getaway, and no matter where in the province you choose to lay your head, you can be sure to be made welcome.
Discover KwaZulu Natal
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
PRODUKPROFIEL
Die
Optimalisering van bemarkbare gewasse
met wurmbeheer
BELTÂŽ is onlangs deur Bayer CropScience teen Ruitrugmot, Landmeterwurm, Amerikaanse Bolwurm en Aartappelmot onderskeidelik op tamaties, kool en aartappels geregistreer.
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it bied groenteprodusente die geleentheid om Lepidoptera-plae te beheer deur die vreetskade op groente te beperk of onmiddellik te stop. Die lae dosis van aktief per hektaar, en die teikenspesifieke spektrum maak die produk uiters gunstig teenoor die omgewing en voordelige insekte. Stop vreetskade onmiddellik BELTŽ veroorsaak spiersametrekkings in die teiken-insek wat lei tot vinnige staking van voeding, gevolg deur verlamming en uiteindelike dood van die larwe kort daarna. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat die skade aan die bemarkbare gewas drasties verminder word deur dat die voeding vinnig gestop word. ‘n Groter gedeelte van die oes kan sodoende bemark word. Minimale impak op voordelige insekte
34 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Met Belt behandel
Sonder Belt se behandeling
Optimale Wurmbeheer
BELT® -behandeling (links), in vergelyking met onbehandelde plante (regs), op tamaties bied meer bemarkbare vrugte.
BELT is spesifiek ontwerp vir die beheer van Lepidoptera insekspesies. Dit beteken dat die impak op ander voordelige organismes dus minimaal is en insekte soos rooi spinmyt se getalle beperk word.
Ton/ha
Klas 1
Klas 1
Kort onthoudingsperiode Die voordelige toksikologiese profiel van BELT gee ‘n verdere voordeel van kort onthoudings- periodes soos hieronder gelys. • • •
Tamaties Kool Aartappels
1 Dag 3 Dae 14 Dae
Reënvas In nat toestande kleef BELT aan die plant binne een tot twee ure na toediening en bied uitstekende translaminêre beheer. Die kombinasie van reënvastheid, die minimale effek op voordelige organismes en die vinnige staking van vreetskade bied aan groenteprodusente ‘n ideale
Klas 2 Klas 2
Onbehandeld
Standaard
BELT 480 SC @ 15ml/100l water
middel om meer bemarkbare groentes te bemark. Die voordeel van BELT word hierbo geïllustreer waar ‘n proef gedoen is met BELT in ‘n spuitprogram op tamaties. Laeveld is die trotse verspreider van Belt. BELT®: Flubendiamied 480SC; Registrasie no. 8860 Wet 36 van 1947.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 35
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CLIMATE KLIMAAT
Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable agriculture is the practice of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment.
38 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Sustainability
It has been defined as an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will last over the long term: • •
•
• •
S atisfy human food and fibre needs. Enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends. Make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls. Sustain the economic viability of farm operations. Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.
Farming and Natural Resources Sustainability can be understood as an ecosystem approach to agriculture. Practices that can cause long-term damage to soil include excessive tillage (leading to erosion) and irrigation without adequate drainage (leading to salinisation). Long-term experiments have provided some of the best data on how various practices affect soil properties essential to sustainability. Certain countries even have agencies or organisations which specialise in providing technical
and financial assistance for those interested in pursuing natural resource conservation and production agriculture as compatible goals. The most important factors for an individual site are sun, air, soil and water. Of the four, water and soil quality and quantity are most amenable to human intervention through time and labour. Although air and sunlight are available everywhere on Earth, crops also depend on soil nutrients and the availability of water. When farmers grow and harvest crops, they remove some of these nutrients from the soil. Without replenishment, land suffers from nutrient depletion and becomes either unusable or suffers from reduced yields. Sustainable agriculture depends on replenishing the soil while minimising the use of non-renewable resources, such as natural gas (used in converting atmospheric nitrogen into synthetic fertiliser), or mineral ores (e.g., phosphate). Possible sources of nitrogen that would, in principle, be available indefinitely, include: 1. Recycling crop waste and livestock or treated human manure, 2. Growing legume crops and forages LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 39
CLIMATE KLIMAAT
that form symbioses with nitrogenfixing bacteria called rhizobia, 3. Industrial production of nitrogen by the Haber Process uses hydrogen, which is currently derived from natural gas, (but this hydrogen could instead be made by electrolysis of water using electricity (perhaps from solar cells or windmills) or 4. Genetically engineering (nonlegume) crops to form nitrogenfixing symbioses or fix nitrogen without microbial symbionts. Although proposed during the 1970s, the last option has only recently become feasible. Sustainable options for replacing other nutrient inputs (phosphorus, potassium, etc.) are more limited. More realistic, and often overlooked, options include long-term crop rotations, returning to natural cycles that annually flood cultivated lands (returning lost nutrients indefinitely) such as the Flooding of the Nile, the long-term use of biochar, and use of crop and livestock landraces that are adapted to less than ideal conditions such as pests, drought, or lack of nutrients. Crops that require high levels of soil nutrients can be cultivated in a more sustainable manner if certain fertiliser management practices are adhered to. 40 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Above: Sustainable agricultural techniques include water conservation.
Water In some areas, sufficient rainfall is available for crop growth, but many other areas require irrigation. For irrigation systems to be sustainable they require proper management (to avoid salinisation) and must not use more water from their source than is naturally replenished, otherwise the water source becomes, in effect, a nonrenewable resource. Improvements in water well drilling technology and submersible pumps combined with the development of drip irrigation and low pressure pivots have made it possible to regularly achieve high crop yields where reliance on rainfall alone previously made this level of success unpredictable. However, this progress has come at a price, in that in many areas where this has occurred the water is being used at a greater
Sustainability rate than its rate of recharge. Soil Erosion Soil erosion is fast becoming one of the world’s greatest problems. It is estimated that more than a thousand million tonnes of southern Africa’s soil are eroded every year. Experts predict that crop yields will be halved within thirty to fifty years if erosion continues at present rates. Soil erosion is not unique to Africa but is occurring worldwide. The phenomenon is being called Peak Soil as present large scale factory
farming techniques are jeopardising humanity’s ability to grow food in the present and in the future. Without efforts to improve soil management practices, the availability of arable soil will become increasingly problematic. Some Soil Management techniques 1. No-till farming 2. Keyline design 3. Growing wind breaks to hold the soil 4. Incorporating organic matter back into fields 5. Protecting soil from water runoff.
Above: An example of drip irrigation
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 41
Marinure DS ®
SEEWIERBLAARBESPUITING Aangedui vir optimale; • Gewas Gesondheid • Wortelontwikkeling en gewasvestiging • Opbrengs en winste • Stresverligting – droogtetoestande, versuiptoestande, stres agv versouting van koue stres en onkruiddoder stres. • Voedingsvlakke Algemeen • Marinure® DS is mengbaar met die meeste insekdoders, swamdoders, makro (N, P, and K) en mikro-element produkte. • Indien twyfel bestaan, is dit raadsaam om die mengbaarheid te bepaal deur
Earn Agribonus points on ANY product bought from Lowveld
•
•
• • • •
eers klein hoeveelhede te meng of kontak u naaste verteenwoordiger. Marinure® DS is geskik vir alle soorte bespuiting en besproeiingsisteme asook lugbespuiting. Marinure® DS behoort toegedien te word na enige stremmingstoestande om die herstelvermoë van die plant te stimuleer. Hou houer toe. Aanbevole bergings temperatuur is onder 40ºC. Vermy bevriesing van produk. Moenie opgeloste mengsels berg nie.
Marinure® DS contains Phosporic acid <1% Reg np. L3812 (Act no. 36 of 1947.) Handle with care.
Lowveld Agrochem -Together cultivating your success
0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
MarinureÂŽ DS is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;n Seewier bevattende blaarvoeding met bygevoegde mikro-elemente. Aangedui vir optimale:
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Find your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
RECIPES RESEPTE
Winning dinners for the
Work-week Baked Macaroni & Cheese Ingredients • 500g macaroni • 30 ml olive oil • 1 onion, chopped • 4 cloves garlic, crushed • 300g smoked ham or bacon, cubed • 5ml paprika • 500ml white sauce • 200g Cheddar Cheese Method 1. Heat the oven to 180ºC. 2. Cook macaroni as per packet 3. Meanwhile, heat olive oil in a large frying pan. 4. Sauté the onion, garlic and ham/bacon together until lightly browned. 5. Add the paprika and cook for another 5 minutes. 6. Drain the pasta and return to the saucepan. 7. Add the ham and vegetable mixture 44 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
to the pasta and mix thoroughly. 8. A dd the white sauce to the pasta and toss. 9. Transfer the pasta into a large ovenproof dish and sprinkle with cheddar cheese. 10. Bake for 40 minutes, remove from oven and serve immediately. White Sauce: • 60 ml (4 Tbsps) salted butter • 60 ml (4 Tbsps) flour • 500 ml (2 cups) full cream milk • 2 gratings of nutmeg, salt and pepper Method 1. Melt the butter in a saucepan. 2. Stir in the flour and whisk in the milk. 3. Let it boil for 2 minutes. 4. Season with salt and pepper and nutmeg and remove from heat
Watertand Werksweek
Chicken a la King Ingredients 30 ml Sunflower Oil • • 500 g Chicken Fillet Strips • ½ Onion Finely sliced • 1 Green Pepper Finely sliced • 1 Red Pepper Finely sliced • 5 ml Garlic Salt • 45 ml Cake Flour • 180 ml Cream • 100 ml Chicken Stock • 5 ml Mixed Herbs • 125 g Button Mushrooms Sliced • Salt and pepper to taste Method 1. Heat 15ml of the oil in a large heavy based saucepan 2. Sauté vegetables 3. Sprinkle the flour over then add the cream, chicken stock and herbs and chicken, stir well and allow to simmer for 10 minutes 4. Season with salt and pepper to taste 5. Serve immediately with rice
Seafood Paella Ingredients • 75 ml Olive Oil • 1 Small Onion finely chopped • 2-3 Cloves Garlic crushed • 2 Skinless Chicken Breasts cut in large chunks • 1 Green Pepper sliced • 1 Red Pepper sliced • 15 ml Portuguese Chicken Seasoning • 1 x 410 g Tin Tomatoes • 10 ml Sugar • 500 ml Long Grain Rice • 6 cups Water • 1 Chicken Stock Cube • 5 ml Turmeric • 12 Large Mussels (in shells) • 2 Fillets of white fish such as hake • 300 g cleaned prawns Method 1. Sauté onion and garlic in olive oil until onion become transparent. 2. Add chicken and peppers and Robertsons Portuguese Chicken Seasoning cook stirring for a minute. Add tomatoes and sugar and bring 3. to the boil, simmer uncovered until almost all the liquid has evaporated. Stir in rice, water, stock cube, and 4. turmeric. Stir until boiling and then simmer covered for about 10 -15 minutes. Stir in mussels, top with fish and prawns. Cover and simmer for about 5 min5. utes or until fish and prawns are cooked. Gently stir the fish and prawns through the rice and serve. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 45
RECIPES RESEPTE Classic Lasange Ingredients • 30 ml oil • 1 ml large onion chopped • 500 g minced meat • 5 ml mixed dried herbs • 110 g tomato paste • 1 Can whole tomatoes chopped • Salt and pepper to taste • 250 g instant lasagne sheets • Grated cheese to sprinkle For Cheese Sauce: • 60 ml margarine • 60 ml flour • 625 ml milk • 2.5 ml nutmeg • Salt and pepper to taste • 250 ml grated cheddar cheese • 1 egg Method 1. Heat the oil and fry onion. Add the
46 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
2. 3.
4.
5. 6.
minced meat, herbs, tomato paste and tomatoes. Stir well and cook slowly until meat is cooked through (about 15 minutes). Arrange the meat, pasta and cheese sauce (see below) in alternate layers in a greased baking dish. Repeat until all ingredients are used up, ending with a layer of cheese sauce. Allow to stand for about 1 hour before cooking. Sprinkle a little cheese on top and bake for 40 minutes in a hot oven (200ºC).
Cheese Sauce: 1. Melt margarine, and then stir in the flour. Gradually add the milk, stirring until sauce thickens. 2. Add Nutmeg, cheese and seasoning and allow to cool slightly. Stir in beaten egg.
Watertand Werksweek Old Fashioned Chicken Pie Ingredients • 2 rolls puff pastry • 6 chicken breasts (cubed and cooked) • 1 can button mushroom • 1 can corn kernel • 200 grams feta cheese • 100 grams margarine • 2 packets mushroom soup • 2 cups milk • 2 cups cream Method 1. Prepare 1 roll puff pastry and lay into large pie dish/pan. 2. Mix the mushrooms, whole corn, feta cheese and chicken in a bowl. 3. Melt the margarine, and add the mushroom soup and stir well until dissolved. 4. Add milk and cream to the soup
mixture, and bring to the boil. 5. Remove from the heat. 6. Mix the sauce and the chicken mixture together, and spoon into prepared pie dishes. Cover with the last roll of prepared 7. puff pastry. Cook for 1 hour at 180ºC. 8. Tasty Bacon Frittata Ingredients • 2 Tbls olive oil • 1 onion finely chopped • 1 cup of mixed peppers chopped • 100 g bacon chopped • 4 medium potatoes peeled, par boiled and sliced • 2 eggs lightly beaten • A handful of parsley chopped, for garnish. Method 1. Heat a medium sized nonstick frying pan. Add oil and stir fry onions, peppers and bacon for 5 min. 2. Stir through the sliced potatoes, and eggs, then flatten the surface with the back of a wooden spoon. 3. Sprinkle over the cheese. Turn down the heat & allow to cook gently for 5 min. 4. Heat grill and place the pan under the grill to melt the cheese. 5. Allow to cool slightly before cutting into wedges. LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 47
HEALTH & SAFETY
HAZARDS@ HOME Firstly you will need to sort your household goods into corrosive, toxic and reactive products and then ensure that you read the storage labels before decide to store them all in the same place. Handy tips on storage and usage of household hazards • Identifying and sorting the products in your household is the first step to acting responsibly with chemicals and potentially harmful acids under your control. • Practise a responsible storage regime. Store products that can be harmful or omit fumes in a well-ventilated area and ensure that lids are sealed. Store incompatible products separately. • Temperature control is important. Containers for flammable products bulge if left in high temperatures, and liquid materials expand if they freeze, causing the containers to burst. • Keep all chemicals and cleaning contents in their original containers. This way you can always identify what it is, what the cautions are and how to use and store it. If you have to decant a hazardous product, practise safety first and ensure that it is stored in a clean container of exact packaging materials and label effectively with all the necessary warning indicators.
• Keep household cleaners and other hazardous goods out of reach, especially when you have inquisitive little ones around. • Do not store your household hazards close to food sources, especially your pets’ food, as trace amounts of poisons or corrosive acids can potentially be life threatening to our animal friends. • Use household products sparingly – it will not only save you money. Never pour pesticides or household chemicals down the drain, into the toilet or storm water drains, rivers or dams. As there are no facilities for the disposal of toxic or hazardous waste in South Africa, the best option is to dispose of them into your municipal rubbish bin. • Experiment with safer alternatives; take a look at these household items: Baking soda cleans ovens, deodorises, softens water and is a good scourer for greasy surfaces and plates. Borax also cleans, deodorises, disinfects and softens water; it even repels cockroaches. Baby powder and ground cloves repel ants, and white vinegar can be used as a toilet and window cleaner. Mix it with a little baking soda and you have an effective drain cleaner. Essential oils (extracted from herbs) and fresh or dried herbs are excellent toilet fresheners.
POISON CENTRE TELEPHONE NUMBER: 0800 333 444. For advice on cases of human poisoning contact the Poison Information Centre: Johannesburg 011 642 2417 or Bloemfontein 051 475 353 or Cape Town 021 689 5227
48 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Laeveld Agrochem Sitrus Simposium 2012
Vir die totale beskerming van jou sitrusoes Saam boer ons vooruit!
Citrus Symposium 2012 Lowveld Agrochem is proud to be involved again in the CRI’s Symposium in this our 21st year of existence. Once again we have demonstrated our support of the event and for the South African citrus industry, by our sponsorship. This is but a part of the role we have played over the years. We have supplied quality registered products for over 2 decades now which have afforded the South African citrus farmer peace of mind. For the first time we are Gold sponsors and we invite all symposium delegates to visit our display area where our product range may be viewed. We together with some of our important Supply partners would welcome the opportunity to discuss any citrus matters.
Lowveld Agrochem (LAC)
Wth more than 80 agents and 30 depots based in the primary growing regions, LAC now 21 years in existence, has the strongest and most complete range of citrus crop protection chemical and biological solutions as well as the best nutritional range of products in South Africa. Experienced and qualified agents assist you with monitoring, as well as nutritional and pest & disease programs, to achieve optimum packouts.
Symposium Partners
In our display area you will find information and demonstrations from our Conference partners Agworld, Chempac and Madumbi Sustainable Agriculture. Agworld have a complete software program (Data into Profit), which is ideally suited to helping the farmer and his supplier manage his programs and budgets. Chempac are the leading supplier of monitoring aids, traps and pheromones into the South African agricultural market. The novel False Coddling Moth (FCM) mating disrupter, Checkmate will soon be the first FCM control option to have an aerial registration. Madumbi boast the finest biological solutions available to the RSA market. Together with their Swiss partner Andermatt, who are the world leaders in virus technology, they have offered the best virusses to the market. This is demonstrated by Cryptex which demonstrates superior formulation technology, UV protection, shelf life and efficacy. This is proven by results,(the registration has been submitted) where Cryptex is sprayed without molasses.
Multinational and other partners
LAC has a proud assosciation with the world’s foremost Multinational Agrochemical companies. We
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are Syngenta’s, Bayer Crop Science and Dow Agricultural Science’s largest South African distributor in our region of operation. Additionally we boast a proud business partnership with other formidable companies such as Makteshim Agan, Villa Crop Protection, Klub M5, Monsanto, Nufarm, Philagro, and H&R GSP who supplies our mineral oils. Our nutritional range is made up of AgChem Africa’s excellent foliar feeds and is complimented by Metson Manufacturings’ seaweed range.
Citrus Spray Program LAC is able to offer the most comprehensive citrus pest, disease and nutritional program to growers. This is backed up by outstanding service and technical support. Bayer Crop Science’s excellent insecticides are the basis of a successful program. Proven successes over the last few seasons with Movento and Confidor/ Provado give growers confidence for the season. New research has shown synergy between these 2 different active ingredients whereby all sucking insects and mites are well controlled. Additionally thrip and mealybug populations are kept at low levels. Dow Agricultural Science’s citrus chemicals allow a new approach in the flowering period, a light cover spray with Delegate which controls thrips and Bollworm frees up spray machinery, allowing quicker completion of the spray cycles. This spray is generally followed by a full cover spray with Dursban WG and Dithane which targets mealybug and blackspot but has good efficacy against other pests such as thrips. This new concept means one fewer full cover spray and significant savings as well as better timing against mealybug crawlers. Dursban WG is one of the few remaining organo phosphates
Saam boer ons vooruit!
Vedien Agribonuspunte op alle produkte in hierdie boekie genoem en wat deur Laeveld Agrochem aangekoop word that allow the flexibility of spraying after 90% petal drop, (it has a 60 day witholding period for all markets). Further thripicide options include Mesurol or Dicarsol and sugar as a bait spray, or Calypso, Rossi, Savage or Klartan. This in turn relieves some of the selection pressures that have been put on Abamectin in the program. Sanamectin or Biomectin can now be utilized in a responsible fashion allowing other chemistry, (especially Movento and Delegate), to take care of supposed resistant insects. The blackspot program is completed by the choice of Flint or Ortiva with Dithane in the spraytank, allowing a 6 week spray interval. Fruit size issues are adressed either by Corasil P which normally increases fruit sizes by one or two counts, or by the improvement of root health and growth stimulation with seaweed extracts such as Marinure or Ecklomax. Of importance is to ensure that a good crop is set by using Pro Gibb or Falgro. This makes the choice of Corasil P an obvious one as returns are in the region of 5 to 10:1 as a result of the increased yield and the number of desirable fruit class cartons for export. The False Coddling moth program is made up of the extremely succesful combination of Cryptex and Checkmate. Feedback over a number of seasons from growers who have utilized the program show no rejections overseas and even reports of far less fallen fruit meaning easier sanitation. There are no gaps in the LAC citrus range, budmite is well controlled by Mitigate and fruitfly is taken care of by GF 120. We sell a range of rootcare products, the mainstay is Syngenta’s Ridomil Gold. We have many other product options which have not been mentioned in this short introduction. Please feel welcome to come and discuss these combinations or other queries with us at our display area. Sincerely The Lowveld Agrochem team
Laeveld Agrochem strewe daarna om met uitstekende produkte en kennis maksimum winste vir sy kliënte te behaal. Laeveld Agrochem is in 1991 gestig, en die bestuurspan het gesamentlik reeds meer as 150 jaar ondervinding in die oesbeskermingsbedryf. Laeveld Agrochem ondersteun die boerin elke stap van die boerdery en bied toegang tot ‘n formidabele chemiese arsenaal van onkruidswam- en insekdoders, asook blaarvoedings-, grondverrykings- en biologiese produkte. Laeveld Agrochem bestaan uit 31 volwaardige handelstakke wat strategies in die kern landbougebiede geleë is. Laeveld Agrochem is reeds 21 jaar aktief in landbou en ploeg ook baie terug in die gemeenskap. Hulle glo nie in kitsoplossings of kortpaaie nie en stap die hele pad saam met hulle kliënte, want langtermynverhoudings word gebou. Hulle omvattende produkreeks stel kliënte in staat om die beste moontlike keuses te maak. Laeveld Agrochem het ‘n uitstekende logistieke netwerk wat verseker dat meeste produkte binne ‘n dag of twee by hulle kliënt kan wees. Laeveld Agrochem glo dat hulle beste wapen, die uiters goed opgeleide en hoogs gekwalifiseerde oes-beskermings-spesialiste is, wat met hul kennis en raad ‘n oes se maksimum potentiaal kan verwesenlik. Ons glo dat die onvoorwaardelike ondersteuning wat ons reeds vir 21 jaar van meeste van ons suksesvolle kliënte ontvang, is ‘n bewys is van die onmisbare waarde wat hulle aan ons dienste en produkte heg. Beproef Laeveld Agrochem gerus, u verwagtinge sal oortref word.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za of 012 998 5909
3
MOVENTO® Uitstekende Dopluisbeheer Die Suid-Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf is die tweede grootste uitvoerder van vars sitrus in die wêreld naas Spanje. Dit alleen is ’n merkwaardige prestasie aangesien Suid-Afrika maar die 14de plek in globale sitrusproduksie bekleë. ’n Totaal van 64 persent van alle sitrus in SuidAfrika is bestem vir die uitvoermark, dus is die suksesvolle produksie van bemarkbare vrugte vir die uitvoermark van kardinale belang vir die Suid-Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf. Daar is verskeie faktore wat die bemarkbaarheid van uitvoervrugte kan beïnvloed waarvan insekskade een van die belangrikste is. Heelwat plaagbeheermiddels is beskikbaar om verskeie insekprobleme aan te spreek, maar onoordeelkundige gebruik kan lei tot sekondêre pes uitbrake en onaanvaarbare residuvlakke wat die bemarkbaarheid van die vrugte kan beïnvloed. Die keuse van plaagmiddels moet so gekies word dat dit ’n minimale negatiewe impak op die bemarkbaarheid van die vrugte het. Movento® (spirotetramat) is so ’n produk en word wêreldwyd erken as ’n leier produk wat nie die bemarkbaarheid van vrugte negatief beïnvloed nie.
Movento® bied die sitrusprodusent en uitvoerder die geleentheid om ’n produk te gebruik met uitstekende dopluisbeheer (Fig 1) wat hoë gehalte opbrengste verseker. Verder het dit ‘n minimale impak op voordelige insekte (Fig 2). Aangesien Movento® tot die groep middels van die tetramiese sure behoort is dit die ideale produk om in ’n weerstandstrategie te gebruik indien weerstand vermoed word. Die toediening van Movento® kan enige tyd plaasvind sodra dopluiskruiperbeweging waargeneem word. Dit laat die gebruiker van Movento® toe om ’n pasmaak spuitprogram te beplan sonder enige addisionele trekkerbeweging in die boord. Omgewingsversoenbare oplossing
Figuur 1: Uitstekende beheer teen dopluis met Movento® met hoë infestasie dopluis
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Figuur 2: Movento® - die omgewingsversoenbare oplossing vir dopluisbeheer in sitrus
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op Movento deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Movento® is ’n blaarbespuiting (Fig 3) wat bestuur en gemak van ‘n spuitprogram bevorder. Die impak op die omgewing is ook minimaal deurdat daar minder aktief per ha toegedien word as van die ander produkte wat teen dopluis gebruik word. Die toksologiese profiel van Movento® is van so ’n aard dat dit selfs goedgekeur is vir gebruik op vrugte/ groente bestem vir babavoedsel in die VSA.
Hierdie tendens kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die verminderde impak wat Movento® het op voordelige insekte wat ’n rol speel in die biologiese beheer van die ander peste. Die Movento® program was ook R1000 per hektaar goedkoper waar die verskil tussen die twee programme toegeskryf kan word aan addisionele behandelings om sekondêre peste soos myte te beheer.
Die keuse van Movento® as ‘n besigheidsbesluit is onder kommersiële boorde bewys gedurende die afgelope seisoen. Ter illustrasie hiervan is 2.63% beter uitpak verkry in die Movento® behandelings as in blokke met ‘n alternatiewe dopluisbeheerprogram (Fig 4). Die beter uitpak was nie alleen as gevolg van ’n verlaging in uitskot weens dopluisskade nie maar ook laer witluis- en blaaspootjieuitskotte.
Die finansiële effek van die gebruik van Movento® kan met die volgende aannames bereken word:
Figuur 3: Movento® ‘n pasmaak toediening in bestaande spuitprogram
Figuur 4: Vergelyking in uitskot persentasies tussen Movento® en alternatiewe dopluisprogram
Aantal uitvoerkartonne per hektaar 1600
% Ekstra Addisionele verhoogde uitvoer- inkomste uitpak kartonne @ R50 / karton 2.63
Laeveld Agrochem bied die grootste reeks oesbeskermingsprodukte
42
R 2 100
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Die gebruik van Movento® as dopluisbeheerstrategie het nie net ‘n hoër uitpak verseker nie maar was aan die einde van die seisoen ook koste-effektief. Cobus Rabie van die plaas Goudmyn in die Robertson-vallei het dieselfde ondervind in ’n Clem-late boord waar daar ’n hoë voorkoms van dopluis, sitrusrooimyt en witluis was. Hy het besluit om vier blokke van 540 bome met verskillende programme te behandel en die effektiwiteit en koste van die programme te vergelyk. Aan die einde van die seisoen moes tussen 2 en 4 addisionele toedienings gedoen word vergeleke met die Movento® boorde. Die addisionele behandelings het die koste van die alternatiewe programme duurder gemaak as die van Movento®. “Without a doubt, the Movento® application had the most successful result,” says Cobus.
Dopluis op boomstam
“This chemical is strictly for the control of Red Scale but in addition it also controlled the big problem that we have with Citrus Red Mite (please note that the regitration for red mite is still pending) in that block very successfully and I did not have to spend time and money to follow up with further sprays for these pests. This had been like a new broom and has eliminated a range of pests simultaneously.” Die getuigskrif is ‘n bewys dat Movento® nie net uitstekende beheer teen dopluis bied nie - dit bied die sitrusprodusent ‘n pasmaak produk met ‘n omgewingsversoenbare oplossing met geen kruisweerstand teen bestaande chemie nie. Kontak jou naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent vir meer inligting oor Movento® en Dopluisbeheer.
Gesonde resultate Movento® bevat Spirotetramat (Tetramiese suur) Reg. nr L8559, Wet Nr 36 van 1947 Movento® is ‘n handelsmerk van Bayer cropScience AG, Duitsland Bayer (Edms.) Bpk. Reg. no. 1968/011192/07 Posbus 143, Isando. Tel 011 9215252
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Verdien AgriBonuspunte op Movento deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van Bayer CropScience se puik reeks produkte
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Só kan lemoene gesond bly Kenner gee raad aan sitrusboere
Ben Pretorius Oorspronklik gepubliseer in Beeld Landboufokus
Boere dra dikwels die meeste skuld vir die siektes wat sitrusvrugte opdoen. Só sê mnr. Keith Lesar, ’n plantpatoloog van Citrus Research International (CRI). Van die meer as vyf miljoen kartonne sitrus wat per jaar uitgevoer is, is 1,5 miljoen afgekeur weens letsels of verrotting. “Ons kry ál meer siektes op ons sitrus. Siektes wat jare laas kop uitgesteek het, doen nou weer die ronde,” sê Lesar. Volgens hom word goeie boordpraktyke nie meer gevolg nie en lyk dit boonop of die verkeerde toediening van swamdoders veroorsaak dat swamme nou ’n weerstand teen dié middels opgebou het. Die boer kan nie ‘siek’ lemoene pakhuis toe neem en dan verwag dat die pakhuis hulle sal regdokter nie. “Die pakhuis is nie ’n hospitaal vir siek lemoene nie,” sê Lesar. ’n Paar faktore veroorsaak ‘siek’ lemoene. Daar is byvoorbeeld steeds boere wat lemoene wat afgeval het, bloot opkerf en net so in die boord los. Lemoene moet uit die boord verwyder word, opgekerf en so gou as moontlik in die son gedroog word.
Boere word aangeraai om die kleurstof Indigo Carmine te gebruik om te kyk hoeveel beserings op hul vrugte is. Dooie takke moet ook uit bome gesny en dan uit die boorde verwyder word omdat antraknose en diplodia op dooie hout voorkom. Ná goeie reën kan dit gebeur dat Phytophthora of bruinvrot sy kop uitsteek. Dit word veroorsaak deur ’n patogeen wat in die grond bly. Reën tref die grond en spat op en die patogeen kry vatplek aan dié lemoene wat laag hang. Onopgeleide werkers klim dan met besmette skoene in die bome en versprei die siekte só. Voorkomende spuitstowwe word aanbeveel. Lesar vertel van ’n boer in KwaZulu-Natal wat R30 miljoen se skade só opgedoen het.
In die verlede is ’n spesiale span werkers as plukkers opgelei, maar deesdae, met ’n minimum loon in werking, word van huurarbeiders gebruik gemaak wat betaal word vir elke sakkie wat hulle pluk. Hulle hanteer nie die lemoene met genoeg sorg nie en die lemoene doen plukbeserings en kneusplekke op. Sodoende kry siektes soos die wondpatogene, blou- en groenskimmel en suurvrot asook die latente patogene soos antraknose ’n vatplek.
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Vrugte word in ‘n bad in gestort waar enige oorskot sand, blare en vuil afgewas is.
Laeveld Agrochem verseker gesonde oeste
Die patogeen is veel meer vernietigend as blou- en groenskimmel en steek sy kop eers uit as die lemoene oorsee is.
Lesar meen ook dat ’n spesiale tenk langs die swamdoderbad geplaas moet word met ’n mengsel swamdoders van volle sterkte.
Met ’n onopgeleide plukspan stuur boere ’n ‘smartie-boks’ van vrugte – met verskillende kleure in die rypwordstadium – na die pakhuis. Die gevolg is dat vrugte te lank in die ontgroeningskamer bly en dat dit nadelig is vir dié vrugte wat ryper is as die res.
Die swamdoderbad verloor in die voerbandproses water en dit kan dan deur die tenk aangevul word.
Suid-Afrika voer tussen 70 en 75 miljoen kartonne uit. Daar word verwag dat sitrusboere oor ’n paar jaar meer as 100 miljoen kartonne gaan uitvoer, sê Lesar. Lemoene beweeg teen ’n geweldige tempo deur pakhuise en dit bring mee dat lemoene nie minstens 30 sekondes in die swamdoderbaddens lê nie. “Ons wil kwantiteit vir kwaliteit verruil,” sê Lesar. Pakhuise behoort daagliks met ’n ontsmettingsmiddel ontsmet te word. Die uitskotvrugte wat met swamdoder behandel is, mag nie in ’n krat eenkant in die pakhuis staan totdat die krat vol is voordat dit uit die pakhuis verwyder word nie.
Vrugte wat nie voldoen aan die standaarde nie word verwyder.
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‘n innoverende alternatief vir die beheer van valskodlingmot
Checkmate FCM-F is 'n Feromoonbevattende kapsule suspensie formulasie vir die beheer van valskodlingmot in sitrusboorde deur paringsontwrigting
Checkmate FCM-F
is ’n unieke vloeibare formulasie waarin geslagsferomoon van valskodling= mot in mikrokapsules voorkom. is stabiel by kamertemperatuur vir 2 jaar. kan met enige standaard spruitapparaat toegedien word maar afloop moet tot die minimum beperk word. kan met meganiese vrugtevlieg lokaas toedieners toegedien word. kan met vrugtevlieglokmiddels gemeng word. Feromoongevulde mikro moet teen ’n minimum van 110 m per toediening kapsules per ha toegedien word, afgesien van die tipe spuitapparaat wat gebruik word. Moet toegedien word voor die eerste valskodlingmotvlugpiek en daarna elke 21 tot 28 dae opgevolg word. is uiters doeltreffend onder lae valskodlingmotdruk maar behoort in hoëdruk situasies deel te vorm van ’n geïntegreerde beheerprogram. moet gebruik word op ’n minimum area van 5 hektaar.
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Sitrusprodusente se keuse vir swartvlekbeheer Produsente vir die sitrus-uitvoermark gebruik Ortiva, dié strobilurien vir swartvlekbeheer waar streng fitosanitêre regulasies oorkom moet word. Ortiva® verleen buigbaarheid aan ‘n voorkomende spuitprogram omdat asoksistrobien oor unieke verspreidings eienskappe in die gasheer beskik. Drie-ledige beskerming met kontak, translaminêre en akropetaal-sistemiese aksies verseker langdurige werking. Buiten vir betroubare beheer van sitrusswartvlek, bied Ortiva® van die gunstigste maksimum residulimiete vir strobiluriene om meer gemoedsrus te verseker.
LEES DiE EtiKEt vir vOLLEDiGE BESONDErHEDE Ortiva® bevat asoksistrobien (Wet nr. 36 van 1947, Reg. nr. L5968). VERSIGTIG. Ortiva® is die geregistreerde handelsmerk van die Syngenta Groep Maatskappy. Syngenta Suid-Afrika (Edms) Beperk, Privaatsak X60, Halfway House, 1685. Tel. (011) 541 4000. www.syngenta.co.za © Syngenta Ag, 2000. Kopiereg van die dokument is voorbehou. Alle ongemagtigde vermeerdering word verbied.
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Power Up: Die perfekte byvoegmiddel vir glifosaat! Gerhard Henning, Areabestuurder, AgChem Afrika Na intensiewe navorsing op glifosaat is harde spuitwater as ‘n primêre knelpunt geïdentifiseer. Power-Up is ‘n vloeibare byvoegmiddel vir gebruik saam met glifosaat, wat ook spesifieke benatter/verspreiders, herbenattingsmiddels asook ‘n versuringsisteem bevat wat die halfleeftyd van glifosaat verleng en die optimale toestande daarstel vir effektiewe onkruidbeheer Power-Up word gebruik om die negatiewe effek van die 2+ en 3+ metaal ione op die glifosaat te elimineer. Die ammoniumsulfaat dissosieer na ‘n positief gelaaide ioon- NH4+ en ‘n negatief gelaaide ioon- SO42- sodra dit in die water gegooi word. Die ammonium ione word dan aangetrek deur die negatiewe lading van die glifosaat molekuul. Die glifosaat molekuul het ‘n sterker aantrekking vir kalsium ione. Die sulfaat ioon bind met die kalsium ione en sal ‘n onoplosbare presipitaat vorm naamlik CaSO4. Dit is dus belangrik dat die Power Up eerste in die spuitwater gegooi word om die waterkwaliteit te verbeter en te stabiliseer voordat die glifosaat bygevoeg word.
ione beter geblok word as ander. Kalsium reageer beter met sulfaat as bv yster. Swak sure soos glifosaat dissosieer gedeeltelik sodra dit in water gegooi word en gevolglik sal ‘n gedeelte van die onkruiddoder molekules dissosieer en die ander nie. Die wat dan nie gedissosieer het nie word makliker deur die plante opgeneem. Gedissosieerde molekules het dan ‘n negatiewe lading wat veroorsaak dat die molekuul met ander positiewe katione kan bind wat die opname daarvan kan benadeel of selfs bevoordeel. Power-Up bevat swaelsuur wat die versuringsaksie tot gevolg het. Die hoë konsentrasie spesifieke benatters in Power-Up verseker nie alleen die kontak tussen glifosaat en die plantoppervlak nie, maar ook die kontak oppervlak vir optimale opname. Glifosaat se hoë soutindeks veroorsaak dat die gewone tipe benatters se benattingsaksie nie effektief is nie. Power-Up bevat die regte benatter wat die sout kan weerstaan en die kardinale benattingsaksie behou. Produkte kan slegs opgeneem word as dit in oplossing is.
Hierdeur sal die sulfaat eerste met die metale bind en die ione inaktiveer en sodoende sal die ammonium met die glifosaat bind. Indien die regte dosis van Power-Up gebruik word, word genoegsame ammoniumsulfaat bygevoeg om die glifosaat molekuul te omring en te beskerm teen die metaal ione. Die sulfaat het egter beperkings deurdat sekere metaal
Slegs Glifosaat
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Die effektiwiteit van glifosaat word grootliks toegeskryf aan die suksesvolle opname daarvan. Dit is belangrik om die druppel so lank as moontlik nat te hou op die blaar vir optimale opname. Power-Up bevat herbenattingsmiddels wat die druppel langer nat hou. Indien die druppel uitdroog sal dit tydens periodes van hoĂŤ lugvogtigheid weer herbenat en verdere opname verseker. Deur Power-Up by die spuitmengsel te voeg word die beskikbare hoeveelheid glifosaat wat opgeneem en getranslokeer word binne die plant verhoog. Die werking van die produk word verbeter en moontlike hergroei van die onkruid dramaties verminder. Power-Up het â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;n voordelige of neutrale uitwerking op die effektiwiteit, opneembaarheid en translokasie van glifosaat. Teen aanbevole dosisse sal dit die werking van glifosaat verhoog.
Glifosaat plus Power-Up SL Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za
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Verdien AgriBonuspunte op alle produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
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Export Industry
Increasing demand for SA citrus in the USA Consumer demand for South African summer citrus has been increasing as the citrus is recognised as a sweet, delicious and nutritious staple to the summer menus and meals. Clementines and navel oranges from South Africa arrived during June at the Gloucester Terminal in Gloucester City, NJ, on the refrigerated vessel, Iberian Reefer, with 2,621 pallets of citrus comprised of 1,096 pallets of clementines and 1,525 pallets of Navel oranges. The fruit will be distributed to supermarkets and other retail stores across the United States. The ship’s arrival marked the official beginning of the 13th season of shipments of South African Summer Citrus to the U.S. The program began in 1999 with 50 tons and last year, exports to the U.S. exceeded 41,000 tons. A vessel with citrus from South Africa arrives in the U.S. every 10-12 days to assure best quality fruit is fresh and available in the market place. Growers expect consumers will be especially pleased with the taste, texture and overall eat-
ing quality of this season’s crop. There is a very large quantity of citrus on the trees and weather and growing conditions have been ideal to increase the fruit’s brix or sweetness levels. Cooler weather has turned the fruit a brilliant orange colour that appeals to consumers. “We expect to see continued growth in our exports to meet the increasing U.S. demand for our excellent quality of citrus products,” said Suhanra Conradie, CEO of the Western Cape Citrus Producers Forum (WCCPF) “Clementines comprise the larger percentage of early season shipments, followed by Navel Cara Cara, and Midknight oranges. A small quantity of Star Ruby grapefruit also will ship to the U.S.” South African Citrus will continue through October with an expected +/- 46,000 tons expected this season. The WCCPF is a consortium of 350 growers approved to export their citrus to the U.S. With a keen awareness of U.S. consumers’ demand for safe, healthy food choices, the citrus is inspected multiple times. It is inspected at the pack houses in South Africa, inspected in Cape Town prior to loading onto the vessel, and again on arrival in the U.S. “Because our fruit is maintained at cold temperatures close to - 0.55° C or 33°F during shipment, it does not require chemical fumigation on arrival as does citrus from other southern hemisphere countries,” said Ms. Conradie. “This cold shipment extends the shelf life of the fruit and further and more importantly, avoids the need to apply unnecessary chemicals to the fruit.”
Citrus at market
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Word deel van Laeveld Agrochem se wenspan
During May, a small number of pallets arrived on container vessels carrying mostly Clementines and a few pallets of navel oranges. The container vessels are intended to meet the growing early season demand for South African citrus. “The fruit takes times to ripen and achieve the high level of sweetness U.S. consumers prefer. Only small amounts of fruit are available and are shipped early in the season on containers,” said Ms. Conradie. The marketing initiatives of South African summer citrus have continued to increase. This season an increase of in-store promotions that include grower visits are planned, new recipes have been created and include both standard, vegetarian and vegan options. The WCCPF’s relationship with Youth Soccer has expanded with participation at various regional and national tournaments across the U.S., and the creation of the first Summer Citrus Soccer Star Award is to be presented to Youth Soccer select players.
South African citrus sold in the United States comes primarily from the region near Citrusdal about two hours northwest of Cape Town, the Northern Cape near Kimberly, and the northwest along the Orange River, near Upington. Next to Spain, South Africa is the second largest exporter of citrus in the world, producing 60% of all citrus fruits grown in the Southern Hemisphere. Other than the United States, South Africa’s primary export markets include the European Union, Far East, Middle East, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the rest of Africa. The WCCPF facilitates logistical, marketing and sales support coordination of products for its members. Its mission is to maintain and expand its role as the preferred supplier in the U.S. and throughout the world, and continue to be a reliable supplier of safe summer citrus for the U.S. and all global markets.
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Your Partner in Sustainable Solutions The No. 1 Virus for FCM Control Cryptex An advanced granulovirus for the biological reduction of False Codling Moth larvae (FCM) Cryptophlebia leucotreta. The market leader in virus control the only FCM virus product registered for application without the aid of feeding stimulants.
More BioManagement Solutions. Quality biological products for your IPM strategy.
Bolldex A nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) SC formulation for the biological reduction of African bollworm (ABW) Helicoverpa armigera larvae.
Eco-Bb unique, easy to use oil formulation Beauveria bassiana for control of a wide range of insect pests.
AgriSil Liquid Silica specially formulated for agricultural use. Silica is known to assist with tolerance to pests, disease and a variety of environmental stress factors and should form an integral part of any IPM program.
Solutions for building a healthy root system. A healthy, biologically active root zone is vitally important for a healthy plant.
Eco-T Trichoderma harzianum, a powerful beneficial micro-organism that will establish a symbiotic relationship with root systems providing protection and stimulating healthy root growth. An investment for the life of you crop.
RhizoVital Highly concentrated liquid formulation of the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for the development and maintenance of healthy root systems with an improved tolerance to stess and disease.
tel. 086 104 2527
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www.madumbi.co.za
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fax. 086 616 2527
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van Madumbi se puik reeks biologiese produkte
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New Business Development
Citrus Farming: The Constraints and Opportunities A world without oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit would be unthinkable. That is exactly why world citrus production continues to grow, averaging more than 100 tons every year. Citrus is a major international commercial fruit crop that is widely consumed both as fresh fruit or juice on a global scale. Its worldwide demand is attributed to its high Vitamin C and antioxidant content. More cultivated land in environmentally hospitable climates plus society’s passion for the foods, drinks and medicinal properties found under the colourful skin of citrus fruit make this a viable enterprise for anyone wishing to grow a new business. Although the industry offers many opportunities it is not without its constraints.
Opportunities: • The industry is not highly competitive between provinces, since each province has specific citrus that can be grown in that area due to land and climatic conditions.
• There are barriers to entry, for other provinces attempting to infiltrate the citrus market, which is exclusively grown in Cacadu. • Research activities are underway to improve fruit sizes that comply with all regulations. • By increasing the water transferred from the Orange River; the Sunday’s River catchment areas provide further oppotunities for citrus production and other high value horticultural production (vegetables, flowers and exotic fruit). • The climate within the CDM is advantgeous as it permits growers to diversify their range of products and hence increase the length of their picking season. • Investors or new citrus producers have the advantage of being able to access the SRCC’s three pack-houses which are certified according to a well-recognized global food standard (BRC – Global Food Standard, HACCP, etc.). • Access to the SRCC Technical Department, which has been closely involved with various disease prediction modules, enabling them to make scientific decisions about spraying methods and timing schedules. • Organic farming methods or niche citrus markets.
Northern Cape province orange orchard in the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme region
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Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
Key constraints:
Success factors
• • • • •
Tree spacing Tree spacing has a direct impact on production (tons/ha), orchards with a 660 per hectare or more can be classified as high-density spacing, while anything less than that is classified as conventional spacing.
The intensive nature of citrus farming is in some instances resulting in the destruction of many natural ecological processes. In order to tap into the international market, there are strict entry level quality standards to meet before the exporting process can begin. Capital costs are significant; however the profit gained is substantial once production is started. The production and maturing of the fruit takes several years, therefore it is not an immediate process. Fruit sizes have been decreasing as a result of climatic changes experienced over the last two years as well as a lack of maintnance and care of trees.
Tree age Tree age plays a vital role in determining the value of a farm, most cultivars start to bear in year three, although in hotter climates it can be earlier and in colder climates a year later. Lemons also start a year earlier because of the fruit’s vigorous growth habit. The lifespan of citrus trees varies for different cultivar varieties. Soil requirements Soil preparation is essential to optimize citrus production, therefore the ideal chemical soil requirements are: • 15% - 25% clay percentage (above 30% is marginal) • The pH (H2O) should be between 6,5 and 7,5 • No salts in the top 50 cm
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DICARZOL®
DICARZOL® vir die beheer van blaaspootjie in sitrus.
DICARZOL® word reeds vir baie jare as die standaard produk beskou deur sitrusboere vir die beheer van blaaspootjie en wel om die volgende redes.
DICARZOL bied ’n lae risiko van bestandheid. Die rede hiervoor is die feit dat dit ’n dubbele meganisme van werking het. Dit beteken dat die formetanaat molekule in werklikheid twee verskillende meganismes van werking bied: Een as karbamaat en die ander as formamidien. Indien blaaspootjies bestand sou raak teen die een meganisme van werking, bly die ander meganisme nogsteeds doeltreffend. Dit word in die volgende diagram geillustreer:
O CH3NH–C–O–
N=CHN(CH3)2
Posisie van karbamaat aktiwiteit Karbamate word geklassifiseer onder IRAC insekdoder groepkode 1a. Dit inhibeer cholinesterase en vergiftig dus die sentrale senustelsel. AS FORMAMIDIEN: O CH3NH–C–O– =
DICARZOL het van die langste nawerking van al die produkte geregistreer vir die beheer van blaaspootjie. Tipiese lengte van beheer wat verkry word is 4 – 6 weke. Dit gee aanleiding tot die feit dat DICARZOL die laagste prys per week van beheer bied as enige van die kompeterende produkte. Ander geregistreerde produkte kos tussen 32% en 300% meer per week van beheer, alhoewel die prys van die kompeterende produkte per 100 liter water op die oog af laer is as die van DICARZOL.
AS KARBAMAAT: =
DICARZOL het die vinnigste uitklop-aksie van al die geregistreerde produkte teen blaaspootjie. Blaaspootjies raak onaktief binne enkele ure na toediening en voed nie meer nie. DICARZOL is dus die produk wat by uitstek geskik is om ’n hoë besmetting van blaaspootjie blitsvinnig onder beheer te bring.
N=CHN(CH3)2
Posisie van formamidien aktiwitiet Formamidien word geklassifiseer onder IRAC insekdoder groepkode 19. Dit inhibeer die ensiem mono-amien oksidase, die neurotransmitters norepinephrien en serotonien word aangeval en blaaspootjie word onaktief en gaan dood. Karbamaatbestande insekte word 100% beheer deur Formamidien en vice versa. DICARZOL is beskikbaar in ’n maklikvernietigbare verpakking. Geen plastiek word in die verpakking gebruik nie.
® Geregistreerde handelsmerk van Gowan Comercio Internacionale Servicos Limitada Reg. Nr. L 4685 (Wet Nr. 36 van 1947) *Aktiewe bestanddeel: Formetanaat (karbamaat)
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Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
Moenie met jou oes dobbel nie!
U W itv ee e r b rk es oo kik p v ba ir ar 20 in 10 20 13
Gebruik Confidor 70 WG * As sitrusboer het jy meer as genoeg uitdagings, soos die weer, wat heeltemal buite jou beheer is. Moet dus nie vir jouself nog onnodige probleme en bekommernisse skep met sake waaroor jy wel beheer het nie. Gebruik die bekende hansdelsmerke wat jy ken en vertrou, en wat hul doeltreffendheid deur en deur oor die jare bewys het. Goedkoop oplossings het produsente vanjaar baie geld gekos.
Jy het hard gewerk en baie insetkostes gehad, maak nou met slim keuses seker jy behaal die maksimum oes, en die beste moontlike kwaliteit uitvoergewas. Gebruik Bayer Crop-Science se Confidor 70 WG. Confidor word al 19 jaar lank suksesvol deur Laeveld Agrochem bemark. Vir totale gemoedsrus gebruik Confidor, die noodsaaklike en betroubare produk vir alle sitrus uitvoerders. * Aktiewe bestandeel Imidacloprid Registrasie Nr. L7240 (Wet Nr. 36 van 1947)
Bayer (Edms.) Bpk. Reg. no. 1968/011192/07 Posbus 143, Isando. Tel 011 9215252
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Waterkwaliteit in plaagbeheer
Een van die belangrikste aspekte by plaagbeheer is dat die effektiwiteit van ‘n plaagdoder hoofsaaklik bepaal word deur die gehalte of kwaltiteit van spuitwater. “Die water wat in die spuittenk gebruik word dien hoofsaaklik as draer van plaagdoders wat op gewasse gespuit word. Die kwaliteit van hierdie spuitwater is bo alle twyfel grootliks verantwoordelik vir die doeltreffendheid van die plaagdoder wat toegedien word,” sê mnr. Hennie du Plessis van Ag-Chem Africa.
Die fisiese gehalte van water word beïnvloed deur die teenwoordigheid van troebelheid, alge, organiese materiaal en slik. Met chemiese gehalte word daar onder meer verwys na water se suurheidsgraad (pH) en konsentrasie opgeloste soute daarin , wat weer na die hardheid en alkaliniteit verwys.
Hoewel meeste vervaardigers van plaagdoders daarteen waarsku dat water van swak gehalte nie gebruik moet word nie, plaas sommige produsente dikwels die blaam op die plaagdoders indien die werking daarvan nie na wense is nie.
Baie produkte se werking word nadelig deur die fisiese gehalte van die spuitwater beïnvloed. Die aktiewe bestanddeel glifosaat dien as sprekende voorbeeld hiervan. Wat die spuitwater se chemiese gehalte betref, is dit so dat die meerderheid van plaagdoders se doeltreffendheid daardeur beïnvloed word.
Wanneer daar van watergehalte of kwaliteit gepraat word, word daar normaalweg na die fisiese en chemiese gehalte daarvan verwys.
In hierdie opsig is dit hoofsaaklik weens die pH en opgeloste soute in die spuitwater, sê hy. Die doeltreffendheid van die meeste plaagdoders is optimaal by ʼn spuitwater pH van ongeveer 5. Daar is egter produkte wat ʼn laer pH van byvoorbeeld 3 verkies, terwyl ander ten beste in spuitwater met ʼn neutrale pH van 7 presteer. Wanneer ʼn plaagdoder in ʼn spuittenk met water gevoeg word, en die pH van die water is te hoog of te laag, vind hidroliese (afbraak) van die aktiewe bestanddeel in die plaagdoder plaas. Dit beteken dat die aktiewe bestanddeel chemies begin verander, en nie meer dieselfde as die oorspronklike aktiewe bestanddeel is nie. Die tempo van hierdie proses is ʼn
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Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
direkte gevolg van die water se pH en hidrolise kan dus die plaagdoder se doeltreffendheid verminder of die werking daarvan selfs in geheel inaktiveer. So kan weerstandbiedendheid van insekte, swamme, bakterieë of onkruide onstaan. ʼn Groot aantal aktiewe bestanddele is ook baie sensitief vir die teenwoordigheid van opgeloste soute in spuitwater. Plaagdoders wat in sout vorm geformuleer is, is meer sensitief vir opgeloste soute in spuitwater. Opgeloste soute kan met die aktiewe bestanddeel reageer sodat dit hetsy aktiwiteit verloor of onoplosbaar raak of nie deur die plant geabsorbeer word nie. Hierdie verskynsels staan as sout antagonisme teenoor die plaagdoder bekend. Die konsentrasie opgeloste soute in spuitwater word uitgedruk in mg/ℓ en kan onder meer met ʼn elektriese geleidingsmeter (EC meter) bepaal word. Hoe meer opgeloste soute in die spuitwater is, hoe hoër is die EC, en gevolglik meer nadelig is dit teenoor die aktiewe bestanddeel in die plaagdoder.
Met die beskikbaarheid van die produk AquaRight is dit egter vir produsente moontlik om die gehalte van spuitwater nommerpas reg te stel sodat hidrolise óf soutantagonisme nie langer ’n probleem hoef te wees nie. Daar is drie weergawes in die produkreeks wat spuitwater respektiewelik by pH 3, 5 en 7 buffer. Hierdie voorafgekose pH word behou en verander nie wanneer plaagdoders by die spuitwater gevoeg word nie. Die produkte bevat ook sekwestreringsmiddels wat skadelike opgeloste soute in die spuitwater onaktief maak, terwyl dit as bonus, benatters en herbenatters bevat wat blaarbedekking verbeter en dus opname van die plaagdoder bevorder. “Die gebruik van die Aqua-Right produkreeks is maklik en bevorder die doeltreffendeheid van plaagdoders se werking om sodoende insetkoste te verlaag en gewasproduksie te bevorder,” aldus Du Plessis.
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Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van DowAgrcoSciences se produkte
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Voedingstekortsimptome by sitrus AgChem Africa & Laeveld Agrochem
INLEIDING
MAKRO-ELEMENTE
‘n Verskeidenheid van voedingstekorte kom by sitrus voor. Visuele voedingstekortsimptome van beide makro- en mikro-elemente is al regoor Suid Afrika in sitrus produserende gebiede waargeneem.
STIKSTOF (N) • Simptome eerste op oudste blare. • Egalige vergeling van blare en later oor hele boom.
Hierdie tekorte word gewoonlik uitgeken as kenmerkende simptome op die blare, vrugte of takke van sitrus. Visuele simptoomidentifikasie word reeds in verskeie lande gebruik om voedingstekorte uit te ken en op te hef deur toediening van enkel element-produkte, hetsy deur blaarvoeding of grondtoediening. Hier volg van die belangrikste tekortsimptome.
Figuur 1. N tekort by sitrus. Gesonde blaar links bo.
Figuur 2. Verskillende grade van N-tekort by sitrus. Gesonde blaar links.
Regstelling: • Basiese bemesting regkry. • Blaarvoed met Voema Vegetative NT of lae biuret ureum. • Indien Kalium laag, blaarvoed met Voema Flower & Fruit NT.
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Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
Voedingstekortsimptome by sitrus
KALIUM (K) • Simptome kom voor op blare en by vrugte. • Blaarsimptome is gewoonlik ‘n vergeling of verbronsing vanaf die blaarrande. Met volgehoue tekorte verbruin die letsels (nekrose) en lyk soms soos chemiese brand.
MAGNESIUM (Mg) • Simptome kom eerste voor op volwasse blare naaste aan vrugte. • Dit lyk dan soos ‘n omgekeerde “V” vanaf die blaarsteel en is kenmerkend van Mg tekort. (Fig. 5).
Figuur 3. K tekortsimptome in die begin stadium.
Figuur 5: Mg-tekortsimptome op sitrusblare. Let op die “V” vorm van vergeling, met die groen basis.
Regstelling: • Kry basiese bemesting reg • Blaarvoed met Mag-Pro, Gluco Mag of met Ultra Mag
Figuur 4: Vruggrootte negatief beinvloed deur K-tekorte (normale vrug links).
Regstelling: • Basiese bemesting regkry. • Blaarvoed met Only K, Gluco K of Voema Flower & Fruit NT.
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MIKRO-ELEMENTE YSTER (Fe) • Fe – tekorte kom baie algemeen voor in sitrusproduserende gebiede. • Simptome op blare is ‘n vergeling van die blaar met duidelike groen hoof- en synerwe (tussen-nerf-chlorose). • Hierdie simptome kom hoofsaaklik op jong groei voor, maar kan in ernstige gevalle ook op ouer blare waargeneem word. • Kom gewoonlik voor op alkaliese gronde (pH >7).
SINK (Zn) • Zn-tekorte lyk baie soos dié van Fe, deurdat jong blare vergeel en die hoof- en synerwe groen bly (Fig. 7a) • Zn-tekorte kom gewoonlik voor op jong blare. Blare bly gewoonlik klein (Fig. 7b). • Internodes op nuwe groei verkort. • Abnormale seldeling in die vrugskil kan “duikvlekke” of “rind pitting”, olieselbeskadiging en selfs kraakskil teweegbring.
Figuur 6: Fe-tekortsimptome op sitrusblare.
Figuur 7a:Tussen-nerf-vergeling van Zn-tekorte op sitrus.
Regstelling: • Kry basiese bemesting reg, ook grond pH • Blaarvoed met Iron-Pro, Fe EDTA, of met Fe EDDHA
Figuur 7b:Klein blare met tussen-nerf vergeling wat tipies is van Zn-tekorte op sitrus.
Fotos geneem deur: H.du Plessis, C. van Ginkel & E. de Beer.
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Regstelling: • Basiese bemesting regkry, asook pH van die grond • Blaarvoed met Zinc-Pro, of Zn EDTA
Laeveld Agrochem bied die grootste reeks oes-beskermingsprodukte vir sitrus
MANGAAN (Mn) • Soos by Fe- en Zn-tekorte word Mn-tekorte gekenmerk deur tussennerf-vergeling van jong blare. • Tekortsimptome van hierdie drie elemente kan dus maklik met mekaar verwar word. • In die beginstadium kom dit voor as ‘n groen “mottling” (Fig. 8a). • Mn-tekort is soms ‘n aanduiding van ’n lae grondtemperature en/of versuiptoestande.
KOPER (Cu) • In teenstelling met meeste ander mikro-elemente word Cu tekortsimptome nie met vergeling van blare (chlorose) geassosieer nie. Inteendeel, blare vertoon abnormaal groot en gesond met ‘n normale kleur (Fig. 9) • Takkies en lote geneig om “S”–vormig te groei.
Figuur 8: Tussen-nerf-chlorose met groen nerwe agv Mn-tekort. (a). Beginstadium
Figuur 9: Abnormale groot blaar agv Cu-tekort by sitrus.
Regstelling: • Basiese bemesting regkry, asook pH van grond • Blaarvoed met Cop-Pro of met Cu- EDTA
en (b) volgehoue tekort.
Regstelling: • Basiese bemesting regkry, asook pH van die grond • Blaarvoed met Man-Pro of met Mn-EDTA
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Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS Louis Pieter van Jaarsveld
To evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, 3-times before harvest, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard. Date: 14 August 2009 Evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Aim
To evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, three-times before harvest, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Material and Methods of
2 Applications by: evaluation Material and Methods evaluation Willem van de of Pypenkamp Evaluation and reporting by: was conducted thecultivar Letsitele The trial Louis was conducted in the Letsitele The area,trial Limpopo province,inon Pieter van Jaarsveld area, Limpopo province, on cultivar Valencia in a commercial citrus orchard. Marinure® DS / Trace was applied as aVaClient: Sunlab lencia in a commercial citrus orchard. medium toBosveld full cover spray (5000 ℓ / ha) with a commercial citrus sprayer or as a Site: Sitrus, Letsitele, DSat/ two Trace wasintervals. applied as soil drench, at fruitProvince, set followed byAfrica two moreMarinure® applications week A a Limpopo South medium to full cover spray (5000 l / ha) replicate consisted Crop: Valencia of three row blocks, with ten trees per row, and replicated with a commercial citrus sprayer or as a Date:times Oct to August 2009 three in2008 a randomised block design. Data was collected at harvest on four soil drench, at fruit set followed by two
randomly selected data trees per replicates, a total of 12 data trees per treatment. Treatment, application dates and dosages are depicted in Table 1. Table 1. Treatments and dosages applied on citrus in a commercial orchard in the Letsitele area. Treatment Treatment Application dates Application Dosage number description Method (ℓ / ha) 17th of Nov, 26th of Nov 1 Marinure DS Soil drench 1 and 16th of Dec 2008 th th 17 of Nov, 26 of Nov 2 Marinure DS Soil drench 1 and 16th of Dec 2008 th th Marinure 6 of Jan , 16 of Jan and 2 Foliar spray 6 Trace 28th of Jan 2009 Untreated 3 control * Nov = November, Dec = December, Jan = January
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The effect of treatments on yield was determined at harvest by striping the four data trees for each of the 3 replicates per program on the 3rd of August 2009. Yield was determined for each program by weighing fruit from each data tree separately. A representative sub-sample was taken, consisting of approximately 20 kg fruit for each of the 12 data trees per treatment, pooled, and then sized with a commercial “rope-and-roller” sizer at Bosveld Citrusverseker packhouse Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid kwaliteitto determine the effect on fruit size.
data trees for each of the three replicates more applications at two week intervals. per program on the 3rd of August 2009. A replicate consisted of three row blocks, Yield was determined for each program with ten trees per row, and replicated by weighing fruit from each data tree three times in a randomised block design. separately. A representative sub-sample Data was collected at harvest on four ranwas taken, consisting of approximately domly selected data trees per replicates, a 20 kg fruit for each of the 12 data trees 3 total of 12 data trees per treatment. Treatper treatment, pooled, and then sized ment, application dates and dosages are Results with are a commercial “rope-and-roller” depicted in Table 1. fruit sizes of each treatment Yield results and depicted in Table 2 and 3 sizer and 3 at Bosveld Citrus packhouse to determine Figure 1 and 2. Results the effect on fruit size. The effect of treatments on yield was deYield and fruit of each treatment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and termined harvest by sizes striping the four Tableresults 2.atAverage fruit size distribution in percentage
Figure 1 and 2. Treatment
Fruit size distribution in percentage 125 105 88 in percentage 72 64 56 48 40 Table 2. Average fruit size distribution 1 Treatment Marinure 0.16 4.51 Fruit size distribution in percentage 5.24 26.95 19.04 16.10 17.36 10.59 DS a a b b 125 105 88 72 64 56 48 40 2 Marinure 0.68 10.14 9.66 42.06 18.49 12.26 6.04 0.53 1 Marinure 0.16 4.51 5.24 26.95 19.04 16.10 17.36 10.59 DS /Trace ab b a a DS a a b b 3 Control 0.44 10.98 10.10 36.13 18.21 12.63 9.18 1.26 2 Marinure 0.68 10.14 9.66 42.06 18.49 12.26 6.04 0.53 b ab ab a DS /Trace ab b a a *Percentages in the same column followed by different alphabetical letter differ significantly. No alphabetical letter 3 in Control 10.10 36.13 18.21 12.63 9.18 1.26 the same column0.44 indicates no10.98 significant differences. b ab ab a *Percentages in the same column followed by different alphabetical letter differ significantly. No alphabetical letter in the same column indicates no significant differences.
PO Box 416, Letsitele, 0885 ● Tel (015) 345-1227 ● Fax (015) 345 1840 ● E-Mail: qms_agri@telk
QMS Reference: 09QR29 Client Reference: Izak Date: 14 August 2009
Evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or s yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Applications by: Willem van de Pypenkamp
Evaluation and reporting by: Louis Pieter van Jaarsveld
Client: Sunlab
Site: Bosveld Sitrus, Letsitele, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution in percentage
Crop: Valencia
Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per tree Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution in percentageDate: Oct 2008 to August 2009 Treatment Weight per tree (kg) Earn Agribonuspoints on all Marinure Ds purchaces from Lowveld Agrochem 33 1 Marinure DS Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per190.7 ab tree Aim To evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a folia 2 Marinure DS / Trace 207.1 a
Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS
Analysis of variance was done on the yield and fruit size distribution of the Valencia fruit. Differences between means were determined with the LSD test at a 5% level of significance, using Statistica 8.0 Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution by Statsoft.
Results
Yield results and fruit sizes of each treatment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and Figure 1 and 2.
in percentage
Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per tree Treatment Weight per tree (kg) 1 Marinure DS 190.7 ab 2 Marinure DS / Trace 207.1 a 3 Control 186.8 b *Mean yield per tree followed by different alphabetical letter indicates significant differences. The Marinure DS and Marinure Trace treatment combination yielded the best average fruit weight per tree (207.1 kg), which was statistically better than the untreated control (186.8 kg). The weights of fruit in the Marinure DS treatment (190.7 kg) were also more than the weight in the control treatment, but not statistically so (Table 3 & Figure 2). Statistically there were significant differences in the fruit size distribution of sizes 105, 72, 48 and 40. The Marinure DS treatment had a lower percen-tage of smaller harvested fruit (size 105) and a greater percentage of larger harvested fruit (size 48 and 40) compared to the untreated control’s and Marinure DS/ Trace treatments fruit size distribution.
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The Marinure DS treatment had statistically more fruit in the 48 (17.36%) and 40 (10.59%) size than any of the other two treatments (Marinure DS/Trace, 6.04% and 0.53 %; untreated control 9.18 % and 1.26%)(Table 2 & Figure 1).
Discussion
The Marinure DS and Marinure Trace treatment combination increased the average fruit weight per tree. The Marinure DS treatment increased the average size of the fruit on the trees.
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Laeveld Agrochem verseker winsgewende oeste
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Sitrusprodukte wat werk Philagro se bewese reeks sitrusprodukte verseker topgehalte uitvoervrugte. Rugby 10 ME of Rugby 10 G • Los die probleem van aalwurms in sitrus op. Nemesis • Doen sy reputasie gestand wat rooi- en mosseldopluisbeheer betref. • Die enigste piriproksifen wat in Japan en in die VSA geregistreer is. Meothrin • Laat blaaspote en valskodlingmot die aftog blaas, terwyl rooimyt en bolwurm wat teenwoordig is tydens bespuitings vir die blaaspote en valskodlingmot, ook beheer sal word. DiPel DF en Florbac WG • Sal bladroller en lemoenvlinderlarwes effektief beheer sonder om die nie-teikeninsekte te benadeel. ProGibb 4 % of ProGibb 40 % • Sal vrugset verbeter en kraakskil verminder. Impact beskerm nawels teen nawelentverrotting Sumimax WP • Beheer sekere grasse en breëblaaronkruide, en kan in tenkmengsels met glifosaat of parakwat toegedien word om bestaande onkruide te dood. Aurora 40 WG sal, in 'n tenkmengsel met glifosaat, moeilike breëblaaronkruide soos skraalhans, beheer. Praat gerus met jou naste Philagro-agent oor betroubare sitrusprodukte wat werk.
Tindrum 10/112
Philagro Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk Reg nr: 1998/010658/07 Posbus 36213 Menlopark 0102 Pretoria Tel: (012) 348 8808 Somerset Wes Tel: (021) 851 4163 www.philagrosa.co.za
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PRODUKTE WAT WERK VAN MENSE WAT OMGEE
Raadpleeg die etiket vir volledige besonderhede. Rugby 10 ME, reg nr. L 6368, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat kadusafos, giftig. Rugby 10 G, reg nr. L 4110, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat kadusafos, skadelik. Nemesis. reg nr. L 7099, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat piriproksifen, versigtig. Meothrin, reg nr. L 6385, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat fenpropatrien, giftig. ProGibb 4%, reg nr. L 5118, Wet nr. 36 van1947, bevat gibberelliene, versigtig. ProGibb 40%, reg nr. L 6777 Wet 36 van 1947, bevat gibberelliene, versigtig. DiPel DF, reg nr. L 6441, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, versigtig. Florbac WG, reg nr. L 5531, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, versigtig. Sumimax WP, reg nr. L 6358 , Wet nr. 36 van1947, bevat flumioksasien. Impact, reg nr. L 4088, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat flutriafol, versigtig. Aurora 40 WG, reg nr. L 6794, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat karfentrasoonetiel, versigtig. Rugby en Aurora is die gergistreerde handelsmerke van FMC Corporation, VSA. Nemesis, Meothrin en Sumimax is die geregistreerde handelsmerke van Sumitomo Chemicals Co, Japan. Progibb, Florbac en DiPel is die gergistreerde handelsmerke van die Valent Bioscience Corporation, VSA. Impact is die geregistreerde handelsmerk van Cheminova, Denemarke.
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
C
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CM
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Laeveld Agrochem
for peace of mind
Laeveld Agrochem has the largest range of foliar feeds, insecticides, fungicides, pesticides, herbicides and biological products available. Laeveld Agrochem distributes the best known, research-driven companiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; products for your absolute peace of mind.
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Wonderful Citrus Recipes Orange Cake
Ingredients: • 1 large orange, pips removed • 120 g butter • 200 g (250 ml) white sugar • 3 eggs • 280 g (500 ml) cake flour • 5 ml baking powder • 2 ml salt • 5 ml bicarbonate of soda • 125 ml warm milk • 100 g pecan nuts, chopped For the syrup: • 100 g (125 ml) white sugar • 125 ml orange juice
Method:
1. Preheat oven to 180ºC. 2. Chop the orange in a food processor or very finely with a knife. 3. Cream the butter and sugar and add the eggs one at a time. 4. Add the chopped orange and raisin mixture to the butter mixture. 5. Add the sifted flour, baking powder and salt. 6. Dissolve the bicarbonate of soda in the warm milk, and add to the flour mixture. 7. Add the chopped nuts and mix well. 8. Spoon into a greased 24 cm ring pan and bake for 60 minutes or until done. 9. Remove from oven. 10. Leave to cool in pan for 5 minutes and turn out onto a wire rack. Syrup: Boil orange juice and sugar together for 5 minutes. Spoon syrup over cake.
Lemon and Thyme Roast chicken
Ingredients: • 2 whole chickens For the brine: • 2l water • 60 ml salt • a few sprigs of thyme For the herb butter: • 125g butter - room temperature • 1 tbsp fresh thyme - use only the leaves, remove it from the woody stems • Zest of 1 lemon - keep lemon and place one half in each chicken’s cavity • 1 clove garlic - crushed • salt and pepper
Method:
1. Brine: Pour the water and all other ingredients into a stainless steel or glass bowl and leave the chickens to brine for at least 1 hour, but not more than 4 hours. Remove chickens from the brine, rinse under clean water and pat dry with kitchen towelling. 2. Herb butter: Mix all the ingredients and stuff underneath the chicken’s skin, especially over the dry breast and leg areas. 3. Preheat oven to 170°C. Place the chickens on a roasting rack inside a roasting tray and roast chickens for about 90 minutes or until the leg feels lose and comes away from the body of the chicken when you pull it. For the last 5-10 minutes of cooking time, sprinkle a little Maldon salt over the chickens and roast again.
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