Reviving Linnahall - Book #2 - Design

Reviving Linnahall

Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour Summarized account Maiu Hirtentreu DESIGN

Master studies and the thesis project supported by: The Cultural Endowment of Estonia The Archimedes Foundation and the Ministry of Education and Research of Estonia

Summarized account

Reviving Linnahall Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour

Maiu Hirtentreu maiu.hi@gmail.com +372 58 141 740 Student nr: 307781 Kasper Guldager Jørgensen kgj@3xn.dk Studio Regenerative Architecture Aarhus School of Architecture Thesis project spring 2014

info

tutor studio content

Index

Book #1 RESEARCH

Book #2 DESIGN

What’s the story? 4

History & background

What is Linnahall?

10 Photos of Linnahall when it was just opened 16

Existing building & landscape Site parameters 20 Photos of Linnahall 22 Zoning of the existing building

28

Site analysis Location 34 Climate in Tallinn 35 Surroundings & nearby 36 Programmatic segmentation Connectivity 42

40

Case studies High Line Park 46 Superkilen public park Parc De La Villette

Book #3 PROCESS

48 52

Intentions Goal 10 Investigations 13 Proposal 14

Design

Programme 18 Overall design strategys Design strategies 21 Design parameters Layer characteristics Red pier - a shortcut Green path - slow track Yellow river - fast track Site plan 32

20 23 24 24 26 28

Exit

Reflection 38 Existing programme 40 New programme with existing Master CV 43 List of Bibliography 44

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Intentions

Goal

URBAN MAGNET new public space at the Linnahall that creates urban landscape, outdoor activities and reclaims the waterfront

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Reviving Linnahall

Intentions

Goal

Intention: creating urban landscape Adding new layers to the existing, that will give a mix between the old and the new Intention: creating outdoor activities Adding new public programme to the existing building (concert hall/iceskating hall)

Intention: reclaiming the waterfront Reconnecting Linnahall’s promenade with the waterfront and adding additional water elements

Intentions

Reviving Linnahall

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Investigations

“Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and liveable communities. Socially sustainable communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and provide a good quality of life.”

Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS)

“A process for creating sustainable, successful places that promote wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live and work. Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design of the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life, social amenities, systems for citizen engagement and space for people and places to evolve.” ”Designing for social sustainability”

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Reviving Linnahall

Intentions

Investigations

People attract people People need spaces for walking, places for staying Walking

Seeing

Standing

Hearing

Sitting

Talking

Key points that attract people to stay: Sitting places

Food

Sun (sun-traps)

Stairs (few steps to brake the common walking pattern)

Wind (absence of wind & drafts) Trees / greenery (to be close to the nature) Water (to touch / the sound)

Show to look at (something to attract the attention: people, retailing-stores) Toilets

Urban space should offer choices where to be In the sun

Alone

In the shade

In the centre of attention

In groups

In private zones

Ideas are taken from the books: ”The social life of small urban spaces”, William H. White, 2010 and ”Life between the buildings. Using public space”, Jan Gehl, 2010

Intentions

Reviving Linnahall

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Proposal New connections N

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Reopen the promenade to the sea (heliport breaks the walking flow)

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New connection over the landscape that connects Cultural Kilometer to the new harbour planning

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Intentions

Adding new functions to existing N

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Linnahall was built as a bridge through the industry to give back piece of coastline to pedestrians. This means that Linnahall was surrounded by industrial buildings with their huge machinery. When time passed industry moved/changed/died and left behind plots of unused land. This left Linnahall alone on the coastline. Today, with new harbour area planning, Linnahall needs to be connected with its neighbours to support the walking-flow and ensure that people will keep using this urban space.

Therefore this thesis uses the design of two main paths that will be visually atracctive and interesting also some additional connections to support the flow. e

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Every journey needs a start , middle part and the ending .

Going to Linnahall is like a journey through a various experiences, where you have visual introduction, to seize the attention. A start to build up the appertise, a middle part for taking a time to enjoy and a destination to make all this effort worth while.

The yellow will aim for visual interruption and creates a urban plaza.

Red aims for a new viewplatform and a place to rest. And blue aims for a water interruption.

Intentions

Reviving Linnahall

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Design

Programme

What this place needs?

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HOTELS SHOPS DINING

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ENTERTAINMENT

APARTMENTS OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

This project concentrates how to unify three main programmatic areas harbour bath rooftop cafe / view plarform plaza

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Reviving Linnahall

Design

Programme

MOVEMENT

Eating Walking Resting Sledging

Swimming Sunbathing Volleyball Ice-skating

Market area Water elements Outdoor gym Outdoor skatepark Picninc areas BBQ Children playground Shelters Toilet

Cafe Bridge Water elements Urban gardens Rooftop cinema Tower Shelters

Children playground Cafe/kiosk Toilet Changing room

Framed views Greenery: high/low/grass/water elements

Framed views Greenery: high/low/grass/water elements

Movable chairs Framed views Greenery: high/low/grass/sand

Accessibility: car/bike/wheelchair

Accessibility: on foot

Accessibility: car/bike/wheelchair

ACCESS EXPERIENCE

Walking Resting Merchantise Meeting people

CONSTRUCTION

Programme

Design

Reviving Linnahall

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Overall design strategies

The building = Urban landscape Consentrating the area between building and landscape Creating outdoor activities Adding layers to existing Designing for social sustaainability Social generator Creating new urban landscape Reclaiming the waterfront Conseptual proposals and more detailed proposals The project starts and ends within the perimeter of Linnahall

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Design

Design strategies N

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Three really distinct layers are superimposed to the existing landscape Ole

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Red pier marks the connection between Cultural Kilometre and new harbour design. The pier layer is lifted up from the landscape, to arouse interest from people passing by.

Yellow river is flowing over the landscape like a river. Since usually river flows fast, the aim for this layer is to pass through the landscape as fast as possible. There will not be any obstacles put on the way to slow down the pace.

Green path is added on the landscape and creates cosy corners to rest. Fragmenting the path makes the walk slower and offers many opportunities for a person to look around.

Design

Reviving Linnahall

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Reviving Linnahall

Design

Design parameters

Red pier 1

Lifted up from the landscape and it only touches the landscape as little as possible.

Green path 2

Lying on the top of the landscape.

Follows the landscape more or less.

Layers have hierarchy between each other, where yellow is on the lowest level and the red layer is on the highest level.

This means that when layers meet, green goes over the yellow and red goes over both of them.

Yellow river 3

Wraps the landscape where it is touching it.

Follows the landscape completely.

Design

Reviving Linnahall

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Layer characteristics

Red pier - a shortcut

What?

A pier and a bridge, that are forming a spacial x-shape. In the meeting point they become one.

They are not designed in a traditional way, but to serve the traditional purpose. Bridge is know as connecting two sides and in this project it connects different platforms. Pier is know for a platform to walk on and then walk back the same way and in this project from the pier and bridge meeting point you can only walk forward and then you have to walk the same way back.

They connect Cultural Kilometer with the new harbour development.

The pier hides within itself a shelter, a cafe and really highly hanging swings.

Why?

• Many new connections on the existing landscape and meaningful ending to the Culture Kilometer • New views to the city • Shelters from wind and rain • Cafe gives the opportunity to stay there longer • Elevated layer makes it noticable from futher away

How? Impressions

Red pier relates to OMA’s Parc De La Villette’s one layer that has big programmatic buildings.

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Reviving Linnahall

Bridge-part has slight inputs from Kalvebod waves, in Copenhagen. The pier is calmer with playing the landscape where it is attached.

The pier has wide swings, where at least two people can sit at the same time. The size of the swings relates to Raumlabor swing

Design

Layer characteristics Sustainability

In the middle of the x-shape, there can be red windmills that produce electricity for the cafe.

The pier flooring can be made out of photovoltaic walkable roof, that also produces electricity for the cafe. Everything extra can be given to the concert hall.

Rainwater can be harvested from the pier for the gray watercycle in the cafe.

Some extra rainwater collectors can store the water, to make fountain on a sunny day at the pier.

Materials

Reused steel can be used for the pier construction.

Design

Reused steel can be used for the urban furniture on the pier.

All the metal parts are red

Reviving Linnahall

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Layer characteristics

Green path - slow track

What?

A green path over Linnahall that makes a journey from the main entrance stairs to the harbour bath.

Green path is elevated from the existing landscape 400mm, to frame the path and give multiple seating opportunities in-between areas.

This rather low height difference gives a chance to hop on or off the path when ever you feel like.

Why?

• Green path enlivens the gray and dull Linnahall • The structure gives plenty seating possibilities • The path gives new focused views and stopping points • Path brings people closer to the nature

How? Impressions This Layer is laid on top of the existing landscape. The construction is easy to build and easy to remove, if necessary.

The Green path goes over Linnahall, creating different tensity spaces and framing chosen views like High Line in New York does.

Sustainability • Since green path is laid on top of Linnahall, this layer is designed for disassembly.

• All the plants, what are used in the green path, are permanent (perennial plants), so there isn’t any need to replant yearly everything.

• The plants used, are traditional seaside and meadow flowers. Those plants are more and more disappearing from the cities and that is why this thesis wants to bring them back to the city.

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Reviving Linnahall

Design

Materials

Stipa tenuissima

Stipa capillata

Phalaris arundinacea

Deschampsia cespitosa ‘Goldschleier’

Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’

Molinia caerulea ‘Moorhexe’

Molinia arundinacea ‘Karl Foerster’

Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’

Panicum virgatum ‘Rehbraun’

Phlomis tuberosa ‘Amazone’

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii ‘Goldsturm’

Achillea filipendulina ‘Gold Plate’

Achillea millefolium

Allium caesium

Caeruleum Allium

Anemone × hybrida

Anemone × hybrida ‘Honorine Jobert’

Eryngium giganteum ‘Silver Ghost’

Weatherproof treated wood

Design

Reviving Linnahall

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Layer characteristics

Yellow river - fast track

What?

This yellow river connects the street with the harbour. The Green path and the Yellow river are laid almost parallel, which gives a person a choice to choose the track that feels more pleasent.

The Yellow river ends at the harbour bath, where it meets with the Green path and outcome of their mix is a jumping tower for swimmers.

Yellow river floats over the ice-skating hall’s roof, where it makes a market place.

This layer is for culture and sports. Easy to pass through, without any big interruptions.

Why? • Used materials in this layer are making the ground allmost slippery proof • This layer seals the roof of Linnahall and it is easier to guide rainwater away • Playful yellow brings more life into the gray and dull landscape

How? Impressions

Yellow river has got its main ideas from Superkilen

Yellow covering floats over everything, like in the Urban Lounge in Switzerland

The idea of contradiction between form and material came from F1 track in France.

Sustainability All the materials used, are 100% recyclable.

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Reviving Linnahall

Materials

PolySoft is manufactured using a combination of flexible and durable coloured polyolefin granules and an aliphatic polyurethane binder specifically formulated to meet strict quality guidelines. PolySoft can be applied over various substrates including concrete, rubber and crushed rock.

Standard PolySoft is 8-10mm thick Polysoft is installed using a combination of flexible and durable colored polyolefin granules and an aliphatic polyurethane binder specifically formulated to meet strict quality guidelines.

•Resistant to degradation and fading, even in the harshest sunlight • Soft, comfortable and safe for bare feet, yet tough and durable • PolySoft will stay cooler underfoot than most surfacing • A high level of slip resistance • Easy to maintain, hygienic and non-toxic • PolySoft particles are 100% recyclable with 40% originating from natural sources.

• Comprehensive manufacturer’s warranty • Can be trowelled onto vertical surfaces • High chemical resistance

Reviving Linnahall

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Reviving Linnahall

Design

Construction phases

Existing fountain pool will be extended and transformed to harbour bath

rooftop cafe Concert hall will be renovated and ice rink will be Shortcut will be established transformed into indoor and rooftops will be skating hall connected

Phase 4 - Green path

Phase 5 - Yellow river

Phase 6 - Park

Green path will be built

The path will be made

Parking lots will be transformed into active (sport/ play) and passive (Picnic) park

Skating hall

Design

Concert hall

Harbour bath

Phase 3 - Red pier &

Rooftop cafe

Phase 2 - indoor

Multifunctional space

Phase 1 - harbour bath

Marina

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3

1

Site plan

2 cafe

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1

Plaza

Design

4

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Green path Harbour bath

Jumping tower

Yellow river Shelter

2

Design

4

Red pier

Reviving Linnahall

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Elevation 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

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Exit

Reflection

Reviving Linnahall Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour Thesis project is about reviving Linnahall. A building that was built when Estonia was occupied by Russia. It was built for the 22nd Moscow Olympic Games in 1980 and designed by Raine Karp and Riina Altmäe.

Linnahall is closed since 2009 due to the bad and hasty construction.

Investigations showed that inside of Linnahall is programmatically working well and therefore this thesis only states that inside needs renovation. This decision led the author of the thesis outside from the building and gave the idea to approach the building as urban landscape.

At first the author of this thesis did not know how to continue with that idea.

Some clarity came when the site was limited to outlines of existing building and segmenting of the landscape started. So, by dividing the urban landscape into three bigger areas: ice-skating hall; concert hall; harbour. And by giving every devision one main programmatic goal: market; rooftop cafe; harbour bath, the idea begun.

Next search was about how to combine the programme with each other in an interesting way. Through case studies and by consulting others an idea emerged from OMA’s Parc De La Villette by contrasting different layers. This posed the question what are the layers? After going several times around the building, The author of this thesis continued with the idea of segmenting the building even more. She found three paths that stood out: existing connection from the street to the harbour and back, and new connection between Cultural Kilometre and new harbour development.

Since the building was on the way to connect Cultural Kilometer to the new harbour planning, the best way to solve it, was to make a bridge. With the design, the bride shifted to pier and bridge stayed as a “shadow” under the pier. The existing promenade has beed divided into two and inspiration has beeb derived from Superkilen and High Line park. A twist has been added in those layers, by making the them to swap sides.

Since those two layers (Superkilen and High Line) were on the same level, some contradiction has been added. Superkilen is a man-made environment and 42

Reviving Linnahall

Exit

Reflection High Line is organic design in a controlled area. So, a man-made layer has been designed in a really organic inputs and the nature layer with really rigid, but playful system.

Since the existing landscape is quite flat comparing to nearby buildings, the site asked for a design what would catch the eye from futher. Red is noticable and the pier is raised form the landscape. Layer has been named to a Red pier.

Since the red colour is used, other colors are implemented also. Yellow for the �Superkilen layer� and named to a Yellow river. The layer of nature has been named Green path.

All layers are clearly distinquishable in the site plan and in the site. Red pier’s plan view is a wide brutal stripe what makes the connection between Cultural Kilometer and new harbour development. But actually Red pier makes a spatial x-shape, where the wide stripe from the plan view is divided into two and opposite cornes are lifted up to form the pier.

In contrast to rigid Green path and brutal straight line, Yellow river is organic and playful.

The ridgid Green path weaves over the landscape and meets with the Yellow river twice. At first close to the concert hall entrance and then in the end of the harbour bath. When different layers meet, something happens. Like in front of the concert hall, the Green path is lifted up and formes a roof for a Yellow river.

And in the end of harbour layers make a jumping tower for swimmers.

When Green path and Red pier meet, a cafe occurs. Cafe is part of the pier design, but has slightly different language than the rest of the pier. And when river meets the pier, a wind & rain shelter occurs with the same design principles.

The master thesis project is a design proposal on an urban scale, that would be really easy to implement.

Exit

Reviving Linnahall

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Existing programme

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Ice-skating hall

Reviving Linnahall

Concert

hall Marina

Exit

New programme with existing

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Harbour bath

Multifunctional space

M U LT I - F U N CT I O N A L S PAC E Exit

SWIM

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Changes in the existing landscape: • Harbour stays, but switches sides • Heliport will be removed • Existing fountain will be transformed into a harbour bath • Ice-skating hall will be transformed into skating hall • There will be new connection throug skating hall • Parking lots will be transformed into active (training/playing) and passive (picnic/ sunbathing) park •Promenade will be reconnected with the sea

Marina

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Exit

Master CV Semester 9 - autumn 2013 Studio Regenerative Architecture Project Ecological billboard (exhibition/cafe/eco store) Site North Side Festival area, Aarhus Focus C2C design / regenerative architecture Tutor Niels Nygaard + GXN

Semester 8 - spring 2013 Studio Building Design Project New Nordic Kitchen - restaurant Site Mejlgade 37, Aarhus Focus Nordic design / local materials /details Tutor Mo Michelsen Stockholm Krag

Semester 7 - autumn 2012 Studio Building Design (Studio 1B) Project Museum/Cafe/Landmark Site Glatved Gravel Pit at Djurs (Glatved Strandvej 65, Balle) Focus building design / transformation of smth industrial to architecture Tutor Niels Martin Larsen

Previous studies from Estonia, Tallinn University of Applied Sciences

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List of Bibliography • Andres Kurg. “Estonia: The Remarkable Afterlife of the Linnahall Concerthall.” In Architectural Design: EcoRedux, 76:46–53, 2006.

• Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjandus, peatoimetaja: Jaan Tamm. “Linnahall.” In 1 Entsüklopeedia Tallinn A-M, 293–95. Tallinn, 2004.

• Edited by Barbara Steiner, ”BIG, Topotek 1, Superflex: Superkilen”, 2013 • Edited by Robert Kalanten, Sven Ehmann, Sofia Borges, Mattias Hübner and Lukas Feireiss, ”Going Public, public architecture, urbanism and interventions”, 2012 • Editors: Aurora Fernandez Per, Javier Mozas, ”A+T strategy space: Landscape, Urbanism, Strategies”, 2011 •Agata Losantos, ”Urban landscape”, 2008 • Trudi Entwistle Edwin Knighton, ”Basic landscape architecture, visual communication for landscape architecture”, 2013 • Edited by Adam Richie and Randall Thomas, second edition, ”Sustainable Urban Design”, 2003 • Saffron Woodcraft with Tricia Hackett and Lucia Caistor-Arendar, ”Design for social sustainability. A framework for creating thriving new communities” • William H. Whyte, ” The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces”, 2010 • Jan Gehl, ”Life Between the Buildings. Using public space”, 2010 • Aurora Fernandez Per, Javier Arpa. “Letten Viaducts Refurbishment.” In A+t Reclaim - Remediate, Reuse, Recycle, 102–5. a+t architecture publishers, 2008. www.aplust.net.

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• Vlad, Florica. “High Line Park, New York.” Reclaming Urban Public Space in New York, May 6, 2009. http://www.80plus1. org/blog/reclaiming-urban-public-space-in-nyc.html.

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• Daily Mail. “New York’s Secret Rooftop World: Amazing Aerial Shots Give You a View of City’s Skyline as You’ve Never Seen It before.” Daily Mail Online, May 12, 2012. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2139899/New-Yorks-secret-skylineAmazing-aerial-shots-rare-glimpse-hidden-rooftop-world.html.

• Juhan Rohtla, Joel Kopli ja Koit Ojaliiv. “Lift 2011 - Helin,” n.d. http://www.lift11.ee/installatsioon/helin.html.

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Accessed March 5, 2014. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2139899/New-Yorks-secret-skyline-Amazing-aerial-shots-

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rare-glimpse-hidden-rooftop-world.html.

• OMA. “Parc De La Villette.” Parc De La Villette. Accessed February 25, 2014. http://oma.eu/projects/1982/parc-de-lavillette.

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• “Parque de La Villette.” Luis Antonio Gutiérrez & Marta Rodríguez -Grupo PFC- Parque de La Villette, February 17, 2011. http://luisantonio-grupopfc.blogspot.dk/2011/02/parque-de-la-villette.html.

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• Andres Tarto. “Üha Hallimaks Muutuv Linnahall | Older and Greyer: Tallinn’s City Concert Hall.” Kõrgemalt on Teisiti Andres Tarto Aerofotoblogi | Taevapiltnik.ee. Accessed February 24, 2014. http://www.taevapiltnik.ee/blog/2011/09/09/ uha-hallimaks-muutuv-linnahall-older-and-greyer-tallinns-city-concert-hall/.

• Anthony Gembeck. “Skatepark Design - Listen to the Skaters.” Accessed March 3, 2014. http://www.skateparkguide.com/ design_basics.html.

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