Reviving Linnahall - Book #1 - Research by Maiu Hirtentreu

Reviving Linnahall

Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour Summarized account Maiu Hirtentreu RESEARCH

Master studies and the thesis project supported by: The Cultural Endowment of Estonia The Archimedes Foundation and the Ministry of Education and Research of Estonia

Summarized account

Reviving Linnahall Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour

Maiu Hirtentreu maiu.hi@gmail.com +372 58 141 740 Student nr: 307781 Kasper Guldager JĂ¸rgensen kgj@3xn.dk Studio Regenerative Architecture Aarhus School of Architecture Thesis project spring 2014

info

tutor studio content

Intro

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the story? This building should preserve Soviet-time architecture, that otherwise would be preferred to be forgotten by Estonians. As we have the Old Town that became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League in 1285 - a mercantile and military alliance of German-dominated cities in Northern Europe. Now the medieval Old Town of Tallinn has been renovated with its glory and is a big attraction for locals and tourists. This is one era of Tallinnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s history that is happily shown to others. Next to the Old Town, at the centre of Tallinn the city has lots of other majestic buildings which are really good examples from different eras, like Linnahall from Soviet-times. Form wise in Soviet Union, architecture had to be national, but content wise, socialistic. This means that Soviet Unionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s beliefs and ideas were propagandized under the national outlook of art. This is the main reason why soviet-time art and architecture is not loved so much by Estonians. In addition to foregoing, the availability and quality of building materials and workmanship of this era were bad, new buildings looked already old-ugly and if needing restoration after completion. The same happened to Linnahall. Western world was closed to people. Independent creative thinking was forbidden. The only way to do something was to go with the flow - everything had to be socialistic and approved by the party and government. Being an artist in Soviet Union meant to obey the rules or to be exiled. Soviet Union dictated what was allowed and one had to work within so tight frames. In architecture, the buildings had to look big and palatial, making citizens feel trifling next to them. All this puts a person in a situation, where he on his own is next to nothing and it only matters when he is part of some group of people. And all this guides Estonians rather to forget this era than to present it. Since Linnahall reminds the period of Soviet Union, where freedom was limited, willingness suppressed and creativeness inhibited, it is hard for Estonians to admit that there were built some really interesting and architecturally tasteful buildings during that time. This shows that creativeness existed, even if it was hidden from the eye of law. Lately Soviet-time art is valued more and more. With this thesis, I want to revive one piece of Estonian history with a modern input, where communism and democracy are contrasted

Photo: http://www.todowallpapers.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/soldado-cccp.jpg

Project proposal

Reviving Linnahall Urban magnet at Tallinn harbour Linnahall is one piece of Soviet-time history that Estonians should preserve and introduce to others. Now this colossal building is just left to decay. Thanks to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s central location and monumentalism, Linnahall is very noticeable by visitors and locals. The building consists mainly of two parts: concert hall and ice-skating hall. Movement and work-flow wise the building is designed very well, therefore, the emphasis of this thesis is on landscape qualities and public spaces.

This project approaches the existing building as a landscape, where it deals with a transformation of Linnahall through a search what this urban space needs and a design proposal to make it a social generator. Thesis raises a question in a speciefic spot in Tallinn, what should and could be done there to give decaying place back to people.

Index

Book #1 RESEARCH

Book #2 DESIGN

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the story? 4

History & background

What is Linnahall? 10 Photos of Linnahall when it was just opened 16

Existing building & landscape Site parameters 20 Photos of Linnahall 22 Zoning of the existing building

Site analysis Location 34 Climate in Tallinn 35 Surroundings & nearby 36 Programmatic segmentation Connectivity 42

Case studies High Line Park 46 Superkilen public park Parc De La Villette

Book #3 PROCESS

48 52

Intentions Goal 10 Investigations 13 Proposal 14

Design

Programme 18 Overall design strategys Design strategies 21 Design parameters Layer characteristics Red pier - a shortcut Green path - slow track Yellow river - fast track Site plan 32

20 23 24 24 26 28

Exit

Reflection 38 Existing programme 40 New programme with existing Master CV 43 List of Bibliography 44

History &

background

Intro

What is Linnahall? Linnahall is a concert/sports venue in Tallinn, Estonia. It is situated on a poetic scenery where land meets sea, next to the harbour, just beyond the walls of the Old Town. Linnahall was designed by Raine Karp and Riina Altmäe for the 22nd Moscow Olympic Games in 1980. It’s initial name was V. I. Lenin’s Palace of Culture and Sport. This colossal building seats 4200 people to the concert hall and 3000 people in the ice hall.

From 23 of May 2009 ice hall has been closed to visitors and from 27 of December 2009 the concert venue of Linnahall has also been closed for visitors.

The venue also features a heliport, with service to Helsinki, and a small port for catamarans.1

Linnahall (city hall) should not to be confused with the primary administrative building of the municipal government (Raad) of Tallinn, sometimes referred to as the Town Hall.

1 “Linnahall,” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, February 26, 2014, http://en.wikipevdia.org/w/index.php?title=Linnahall&oldid=593740253. Accessed 24.02.2014

Reviving Linnahall

Background & history

Photos from 1976-1980, from Dimitri Burns private collection

Background & history

Reviving Linnahall

Intro The aim for the design of Linnahall was to preserve the view from the sea to the Old Town. The only limitation for the design was the railway connection to the harbour that was impossible to remove. That’s why the building was designed also as a railway bridge for pedestrians. The feeling that of a grass covered closed building was a reference to a nearby Swedish bastions. Linnahall was the only public building that was built next to the sea, during the Soviet-time. Therefore it holds relevance of cultural and public space. Linnahall got its location thanks to the biggest hotel in Tallinn in that time. Linnahall was put on the same guideline with hotel Viru to emphasise the connection with the sea. Linnahall got Grand-Prix prize from the Interarh-83 biennale, a gold medal and a grant from National Architecture Union and in 1984 Soviet Union’s national prize. After winning those prizes, Linnahall was put under the protection of cultural heritage.2 Photos of Linnahall from 1980

2 “Tallinna Linnahall,” Vikipeedia, vaba entsüklopeedia, February 24, 2014, http://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tallinna_Linnahall&oldid=3829990. Accessed 24.02.2014

Reviving Linnahall

Background & history

ยง

Ice-skating hall ~3000 seats

Concert hall ~4200 seats

Linnahall was designed to be aligned with hotel Viru and they were supposed to be connected with a promenade Background & history

Reviving Linnahall

History Linnahall is built on reclaimed land Aerial photo from the mid-1920s of the then Tallinn Power Plant, Ilmarine Factory, and Kalarand (Fishermenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s harbour)

Industry and the railway that was serving the harbour

Reviving Linnahall

Background & history

Left photo: Context model of Linnahall plan Right photo: Sketch of linnahall

Photos are taken from www.sovietmodernism.com, original photos are in Estonian architectural museum

A photo from mid 1980, when the traintracks were still being used

Background & history

Reviving Linnahall

Photos of Linnahall when it was just opened

Photos are taken from www.sovietmodernism.com

Reviving Linnahall

Background & history

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building &

landscape

Site parameters

Address: Tallinn, Mere puiestee 20, Tallinn, Estonia Area of the site: 61774 mÂ˛

400 m

Footprint of the building: 39422 mÂ˛

entrance to the concert hall

entrance to the ice-skating hall

190 m Ground floor plan

Reviving Linnahall

190 m First floor plan

Existing building

Site

Existing building

Reviving Linnahall

Photos of Linnahall

View to the concert hall entrance and rooftops (looking north)

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building

Photos of Linnahall Nort-East elevation

Nort-West elevation

Nort-East elevation

Existing building

Reviving Linnahall

Photos of Linnahall

View to the market area (looking south)

View to the railway bridge

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building

Photos of Linnahall

View to the main entrance stairs (looking north)

View to the harbour (looking north)

Existing building

Reviving Linnahall

Photos of Linnahall Inside

Right corridor after entrance doors (green desk the information desk

The information desk at the entrance

Right corridor after entrance doors (green desk the information desk

Ceiling at the entrance

The stage

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building

Photos of Linnahall

Wall betbeen concert hall and waiting area (the whole wall is lifted up during the breaks

Waiting area (stage is on left)

Wardrobe

Concert hall

Waiting area - the stage is open (wardrobe is behind the colums)

Existing building

Waiting area - the stage is shield off

Reviving Linnahall

Zoning of the existing building

HARBOUR + HELIPORT

CONCERT HALL ce ran ent

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building

ICE-SKATING HALL ce ran ent

Existing building

ce ran ent

PROMENADE

Reviving Linnahall

Linnahall has been closed since 2009

“Linnahall Concert hall would stand simultaneously as a monument to a bygone era and a sign of the beginning of a new one”

Andres Kurg (Researcher at Estonian Academy of Arts), Architectural Design: EcoRedux, “Estonia: the remarkable afterlife of the Linnahall concerthall”, 26.06.2006

Reviving Linnahall

Existing building

View from the heliort (looking south)

Existing building

Reviving Linnahall

Site analysis

Site

Location

UURITAV UURITAV ALA ALA MILJÖÖVÄÄRTUSLIKUD HOONESTUSPIIRKONNAD TLN ÜP JÄRGI Site MILJÖÖVÄÄRTUSLIKUD HOONESTUSPIIRKONNAD TLN ÜP JÄRGI Culturally and architecturally VANALINN valuable areas VANALINN Old Town TEEMAPLANEERING MILJÖÖVÄÄRTUSEGA ALADE PIIRID Closeby planned areas TEEMAPLANEERING MILJÖÖVÄÄRTUSEGA ALADE PIIRID

Reviving UURITAV ALA

Linnahall

MILJÖÖVÄÄRTUSLIKUD HOONESTUSPIIRKONNAD TLN ÜP JÄRGI

Site analysis

Site

Climate in Tallinn Kalara

nna

Kü ti

m aj

- Pa

- Ka

Kü

i tn

Va na -K

am aj

Kü

Sunlight range

ike

sun

ei tar

Pa ur-

-P

Vä

nris

r su

Sum

Kö

Vä

The climate in Tallinn is characterized by a fairly cold winter, a cool spring with little precipitation, a moderately warm summer and a long and rainy autumn. However, some summers have weeks at a stretch of temperatures around +30°C, and a warm, sunny summer can keep autumn at bay until mid-October. Average temperature in July +16,7°C Average temperature in February -4°C 1 ike-

parkla

i tn

Van

a-K

gri

ja tn

Laa

ur-

ala

ada

Kalas

ehitusplats

Jah

u tn

o tn

ehitusplats

parkla

lar

t nse

ada

Rumbi tn

parkla

Põhja

ma tn

Sada

ma tn

Suur Rannavärav

Kai tn

Mere puiestee

i tn

tee

Pikk

tü ur

äe

i tn

parkla

nnam äe

Lai

tee

Ahtri

ehitusplats Su

lev

äg

Aia tn

lev

Brook

k tn

uspla

äg im

CITY CENTER MALLS

Ahtr

i tn

Tuukr

i tn

Ahtr

parkla

i tn

Jõe tn

Aia tn

u tn

Olev

Vene tn

Gümnaa

Aida

Lai

siumi tn

tee

ies

tri

Mere puiestee

Pik

Kanuti tn Uus tn

li tn

Koo

äg

Paa

Aida tn

imä

gari

tsi tn

di tn

i tn m iu or to

Loo

tü

si tn

liiv

äe

viste

Loot

s tn

ra bo

liiv

tü ur

or ium i tn

alamaja

OLD TOWN

Põ hja

tsi tn

ala -K

Vana-K

plat gu än liiv

avärav

Väike-Rann

CENTRAL STATION

Loo

pu ies

tee

Tolli tn

Ole

HARBOUR

Sada

spordiväljak

pli

rise HARBOUR

puiest

Kotzebue tn

sun

parkla

ma tn

Sada

Põh ja pui

Niine

ter

Rumbi tn

est

ehituspl

Win

Rumbi tn

parkla

Kalas

ei ar

Win

parkla

Logi tn

ter

mängupl

at -P ur

ehituspl Su

Soo

Niine

parkla

ehitusplats

VanaKalam aja tn

Soo

1 “Practical Information,” Tallinn Tourism, accessed February 24, 2014, http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/fpage/travelplanning/practical_information. Accessed 27.01.2014

Wind directions Wind directions in Tallinn April - September

Wind directions in Tallinn October - March N

N NNW

NNW

NNE

WNW

ESE

SW SSW

SSE S

view to the city

WNW

ENE

WSW

NNE

ENE

WSW

ESE

SW SSW

SSE S

view to the

sea

wind

Site analysis

Reviving Linnahall

Site

Surroundings & nearby 4

Lennusadam (seaplane harbour)

N Patarei sadam (patarei harbour)

Kalar

Suu

Kü ti

anna

m aja

Küt

Va n

-K

ala

i tn

Küt

Pat

Va na -K

ala m

aja

i tn

Kö

Vä

ike

parkla

Laag

Jahu

-P

ata

Vanasadam (Old harbour)

i tn

Vana

ri tn

ma ja tn

ur-

-Kala

Kalasadam (fishermen’s harbour)

ei atar ur-P

-P

Väi

a tn

adam

Kalas

ehitusplats

Jah

u tn

Soo

ehitusplats

ehitusplats Soo

Kal

ehitusplats

parkla parkla

parkla

las

parkla

Soo

2 tn

Sadama

puies

Sadama

Põhja

Sadama

spordiväljak tn

Suur Rannavärav

Niine

puiestee

tee

Niine

parkla

Põhja

ehituspl

Logi tn

adam

r-P

amaja

Rumbi tn

a tn

Suu

mängupl

Vana-Kal

Rumbi tn

parkla

ehituspl

ehitusplats

Kai tn

ehitusplats

Kai tn

i tn

tee

Pikk

ies pu hja Põ

i tn

s tn

m iu bo

parkla

tn Lai

äe tee

Ahtri

ori to ra

ehitusplats

Sul

äg

Aia tn

lev

Aida tn

imäg

gari

k tn

Ahtri

ri tn

Tuuk

Kanuti tn

äg

Photos: Andres Tarto

Reviving Linnahall

Ahtri

Tuukri

parkla

Jõe tn

Medieval Old Town

Vene tn

vim

u tn

Ole

i tn

Lai

Aia tn

Gümnaasium

Tallinn occupies an area of 159.2 km2 and has a population of 430,594. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn’s Old Town is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Site analysis

Aida

Mere puiestee

1. Tallinn Old Town 2. Culture hub 3. Museum Patarei prison 4. Seaplane harbour and museum 5. Kalasadam (Fishermen’s harbour) 6. Estonian Design house 7. Energy Discovery Center 8. Tallinn New Town Hall 9. Harbour food market 10. Harbour 11. Supermarket Norde Centrum 12. Culture Kilometer 13. Linnahall Ice Rink 14. Linnahall Concert Hall 15. Linnahall Heliport & Catamaran port 16. Accessible waterfront for pedestrians tn

Tuukri

-S

Pik

Uue

lats

tri

äg

vim

Brookusp

Uus tn

tsi tn

Loo

i tn

Lootsi

rtük

i tn

nnam

Suu

iste

Paad

üki

urt

liiv

a tn

liiv

Ole

iest

tn e

Kooli

tsi tn

aja

alam

-K

aja tn

äe

Ran

Loo

Vana-Kalam

plat gu än liiv

ärav

nnav Väike-Ra

Olev

-S

Tolli tn

pli

i tn

Uus

üki

urt

äe

Mere puiestee

Kotzebue tn

Nearby Culture Kilometer

14 5

2. Cultural hub 3. Museum patarei prision 4. Seaplane harbour and museum 5. Kalasadam (Fishermen’s harbour) 14. Linnahall concert hall 17. Kalamaja park

New Culture Hub - Kavakava Culture Kilometer (kultuurikilomeeter) starts next to the Linnahall, passes the Kultuuri Katel (Tallinn Cultural Hub), continues past the historic Patarei Prison and Sea Fortress, the region’s biggest sea centre Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) and ends at the end of Kalamaja park on Tööstuse street. Culture kilometre is popular link between the Old Town and Kalamaja wooden architecture area, it brings the sea closer to the citizens and its visitors.1

1 “Culture Kilometer,” accessed February 24, 2014, http:// www.tourism.tallinn.ee/fpage/explore/attractions/kalamaja#!p_177341. Accessed 24.02.2014

Site analysis

Reviving Linnahall

Nearby Tallinn New town hall Danish architects Bjarke Ingels Group have won an international competition to design a new town hall in Tallinn, Estonia. BIG’s winning design features a cluster of administrative buildings with large panoramic windows arranged around a public square, allowing citizens to see their representatives at work. The design also includes a tower with a steeply sloping roof, the underside of which is mirrored to create a “huge democratic periscope” allowing the public to see the politicians at work in the council chamber.

City Plan 1:4000

Park

Roheline Rada

Väljak

The Public Village

Rohevöönd

Seaplane harbour and museum Renovation project by Koko architects

Reviving Linnahall

Site analysis

Nearby Winning proposal for Tallinn harbour northern area - Salto Architects

Museum patarei prison

Site analysis

Reviving Linnahall

Kala

Kü ti

rann

a tn

Site

Programmatic segmentation tn

al am aj a

-P

Va n

-K

Kü

2. Tallink Spa and Conference Hotel

3. Harbour building

4. Logistics tn

5. Tallink Express hotel

Va n

Ka l

Kü

6. Tallink Office

ike

7. Indoor market

ata r-P

-P

u Su

Vä

rei

8. Office 9. Cafe + market

Kö

10. Indoor food market 11. Catamaran port

aja

-P

14. Lucky Luke

15. Concert hall

Van a

gri

13. Heliport

ike

lam

Laa

ram of prog amount

HOTELS

16. Cafe/Estonian Design House ehitusplats 17. View platform

Jah

19. Circus square n

t hu

DINING Soo

18. Cafe

u tn

SHOPS

the

ehitusplats

20. Music tower 21. Offices 22. Apartments

ehitusplats

lar

23. Offices & Studios Shops mängupl Exhibition Wild garden Workshops Seminar rooms

APARTMENTS

ehituspl

VanaK

Soo

24. Auditorium

25. Offices 26. Fat’s Margareta Hotel

Niine

Põh ja p uie Niine

Põhja

puiest

27. Architecture center Cafe Black box spordiväljak Mock-up Recording studio Video studio

ste

ehituspl

ada

alamaj

-P

a tn

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

las

Soo

Jah

-Ka

me in th

ur-

Vä

ENTERTAINMENT

parkla

12. Yacht port

e a rea

OFFICES

28. Energy Discovery Center Offices

29. Town Hall open offices Cafe / Restaurant Rooftop platform Auditorium 30. Old Town

Kotzebue tn

Educational / retail

äe

i tn

tee

am nn 31. Fishermen’s weekly market Ra

Põ h

ja ma ala

-K

ja p

sk Ke

uie s

tee

tü ur

Accommodation

or iu to ra bo La

pla gu än liiv

ki tü ur

Reviving Linnahall

liiv

alamaja

Vana-K

Tolli tn

Site analysis

Site

12 13

31 a tn

sad

Kala

parkla

Rumbi tn

parkla

Rumbi tn

Logi tn

20 19

parkla

ma tn

Sada

27 29

ma tn

Sada

ma tn

Suur Rannav채rav

Sada

Kai tn

10 9

Mere puiestee

Kai tn

Pikk

rav

annav채

V채ike-R

Reviving Linnahall

Uu s

Site analysis Ra

parkla

Connectivity

Access by public transportation and on foot N

Lennusadam (seaplane harbour)

+ Linnahall is centrally located in Tallinn + It is close by other big attractors + It is next to people’s main moving paths + Linnahall is situated on a coastline

Patarei sadam (patarei harbour)

Kalara

Suu

Küt

i tn

nna

aja

Küt

- Kal

i tn

Pat

are

i tn

Van a Küt

i tn

Kalasadam (fishermen’s harbour)

ala a-K Van

Väi

rei -Pata Suur

ke-P

atar

Köi

Vanasadam (Old harbour)

Väi

ke-

parkla

Jahu

Laag

i tn

Vana-

Kalam

ri tn

Pat are

aja

Suur-

a tn

adam

Kalas

ehitusplats Jahu Soo

Jahu

ehitusplats

ehitusplats Soo

parkla

Kala

rann

ehitusplats

parkla

Kalas adam

tare i tn

Logi tn

r-Pa

maja

Rumbi tn

a tn

Suu

mängupl

Vana-Kala

Rumbi tn

parkla

ehituspl

Soo

parkla

Sadama

Põhja tn

puiestee

puies tee

Sadama

Põhja

ehituspl

Sadama

spordiväljak

Niine

TRAM

Kai tn

a tn

Lootsi tn

ja lama k-Ka Kes

Pikk

Põhj a puies

parkla

Lai

ste

Suu

Ahtri

Lab ora too rium i tn

rtük

i tn

ehitusplats

Paga

ri tn

Sule

vimä

Aia tn

i imäg

Ahtri

Sulev

Aida tn

tn Pikk

imäg i Olev

Lai

Vene tn

i tn

Tuukr

Tuukri

Ahtri

Nun

Accessibility by car

Gümnaasiumi

Ahtri

parkla

Tuukri

Jõe tn

Aia tn

u tn

a dam -Sa Uue

lats

Vaim

Mere puiestee

Kanuti tn

Brookusp

Uus tn

stee

Aida

CITY CENTER MALLS

ägi

vim

Ole

Kooli

Lootsi

tee

nam

Ran

tee

äe

CENTRAL STATION

liiv

amäe

Rann

ja tn

Uus

rium ora Lab

liiv

i tn rtük

too

Suu

Väike-Ran

Lootsi

i tn

Vana-Kalama

navärav

OLD TOWN Olevi

puie

Tolli tn

lats gup liiv

män

i tn

Kopl

Toom

Paa

dam -Sa Uus

i tn rtük

MAIN WALKING PATHS

nam

Ran

Suu

tee

Lai

tee

Mere puiestee

Kotzebue tn

äe

HARBOUR

Kai tn

Suur Rannavärav

Paad i tn

Niine

HARBOUR

Lennusadam (seaplane harbour)

+ Linnahall has good connection by car - Road is like a barrier between city center and harbour area

Patarei sadam (patarei harbour)

Kalara

Suu

Küt i tn

nna

aja

Küt

- Kal

i tn

Pat

are

i tn

Van Küt

i tn

Kalasadam (fishermen’s harbour)

ala a-K Van

Väi

Suur

ke-

Pat

-Pat

are

arei

i tn

Köi

Vanasadam (Old harbour)

Väi

ke-

parkla

Jahu

Laag

i tn

Vana-

Kalam

ri tn

are

aja

Suur-

Pat

a tn

adam

Kalas

ehitusplats

Jahu

ehitusplats

ehitusplats Soo

parkla

Kala

rann

ehitusplats

parkla

Kalas

i tn

Logi tn

tare

adam

r-Pa

maja

Rumbi tn

a tn

Suu

mängupl

Vana-Kala

Rumbi tn

parkla

ehituspl

Soo

parkla

Sadama

Põhja

puies

Sadama

Põhja

Sadama

spordiväljak tn

äe

Kai tn

Mere puiestee

Lai

tee

a tn

tee

Pikk

a puies

dam

Paa

Lootsi

lama

k-Ka

Kes

Põhj

-Sa

Uus

i tn

rtük

Suu

MAIN WALKING PATHS

nam

Ran

Tolli tn

Väike-Ran

parkla

Lai

tee

Olevi

ste

i tn rium

i tn

ehitusplats

Paga

Lab

ri tn

Sule

vimä

Aia tn

i tn

ora

too

tee

nam

Ran

Ahtri

rtük

gi vimä Sule

Aida tn

Ahtri

Kanuti tn

i imäg Olev

Lai

Vene tn

Ahtri

i tn

Tuukr

Tuukri

Ahtri

Gümnaasiumi

Aia tn

u tn

dam

Pikk

lats

Vaim

-Sa

Uue

Brookusp

Uus tn

Aida

Mere puiestee

CITY CENTER MALLS

ägi

vim

Ole tn

Kooli

stee

Lootsi

äe

CENTRAL STATION

Suu

liiv

amäe

Rann

ja tn

Uus

rium ora Lab

i tn

liiv

rtük

too

Suu

Vana-Kalama

navärav

OLD TOWN

Paad

i tn

tn lats gup liiv

män

i tn

Kopl

puie

HARBOUR

Kai tn

TRAM Kotzebue tn

parkla

Tuukri

Jõe tn

Main areas where to attract people Nun

Lennusadam (seaplane harbour)

+ Around Linnahall, there are three big areas from where to attract people to Linnahall: Old Town, harbour, housing area

Patarei sadam (patarei harbour)

Kalara

Suu

Küt

i tn

nna

aja

Küt

- Kal

i tn

Pat

are

i tn

Van Küt

i tn

Kalasadam (fishermen’s harbour)

ala a-K Van

Väi

Suur

ke-P

-Pata

atar

rei

Köi

Vanasadam (Old harbour)

Väi

ke-

parkla tn

Jahu

aja

Suur-

Laag

Pat

are

i tn

Vana-

Kalam

ri tn

a tn

adam

Soo

Kalas

ehitusplats

APARTMENTS

Jahu

Jahu ehitusplats

ehitusplats Soo

parkla

Kala

rann

ehitusplats

parkla

Kalas

i tn

Logi tn

tare

adam

r-Pa

maja

Rumbi tn

a tn

Suu

mängupl

Vana-Kala

Rumbi tn

parkla

ehituspl

Soo

parkla

Sadama

puies

Sadama

Põhja

Sadama

spordiväljak tn

Suur Rannavärav

Niine

puiestee

tee

ehituspl

HARBOUR

Põhja Niine

HARBOUR

Kai tn

ehitusplats ehitusplats

Kai tn

äe

Lai

tee

tn tn

nam

lama

Põhj

a tn

a puies

dam

k-Ka Kes

Lootsi

Paa

Tolli tn

Väike-Ran

Uus

Lai

tee

Olevi

Suu

Ahtri

Lab

ehitusplats

Paga

ri tn

Sule

vimä

Aia tn

i tn

ora

too

i tn

i imäg Sulev

Aida tn

Ahtri

ägi

vim

Ole

Kanuti tn

i imäg Olev

Lai

u tn

Vene tn

tn Gümnaasiumi

Vaim

i tn

Tuukr

Tuukri

Ahtri

Aida

Mere puiestee

stee

CITY CENTER MALLS

dam

Pikk

lats

-Sa Uue

Brookusp

Uus tn

Kooli

Lootsi

tee

nam

Ran

rtük

rium

i tn

ste

äe

CENTRAL STATION

liiv

amäe

Rann

parkla

Lootsi

rium ora Lab

i tn

liiv

rtük

too

Suu

ja tn Vana-Kalama

navärav

OLD TOWN

Paad

i tn

tn lats gup liiv

män

i tn

Kopl

puie

-Sa

Uus

i tn

rtük

Pikk

Ran

Suu

tee

Mere puiestee

Kotzebue tn

parkla

Tuukri

Jõe tn

Nun

Aia tn

Tallinn harbour northern area plan Toom

Lennusadam (seaplane harbour)

+”Dead” areas next to Linnahall will be developed + New development focuses on pedestrians - New development does not connect with Linnahall and with the west side of the city - Linnahall is like a fence between new development and the city

Patarei sadam (patarei harbour)

Kalara

Suu

Küt

i tn

nna

aja

Küt

- Kal

i tn

are

a ma

i tn

Pat

i tn

Van Küt

Kalasadam (fishermen’s harbour)

ala a-K Van

Väi

Suur

ke-P

-Pata

atar

rei tn

Köi

parkla

Apartments Jahu

tn ri tn

aja

Laag

Vanasadam (Old harbour)

Väi

ke-

Pat

are

i tn

VanaKalam

Suur-

a tn

adam

Kalas

ehitusplats Jahu Soo

Jahu

ehitusplats Soo

ehitusplats

parkla

Kala

rann

ehitusplats

parkla

Kalas

i tn

Logi tn

tare

adam

r-Pa

maja

Rumbi tn

a tn

Suu

mängupl

Soo

Rumbi tn

parkla

ehituspl

Vana-Kala

parkla

Sadama

puies

Sadama

Põhja

Sadama

spordiväljak tn

äe

Kai tn

tn tn Pikk

a puies Põhj

a tn

Väike-Ran

parkla

tn Lai

tee

Lab

ri tn

Sule

vimä

Aia tn

i tn

too ora

ehitusplats

Paga

i imäg

Ahtri

Sulev

Aida tn

ägi

vim

Kanuti tn

Vene tn

imäg Olev

tn Lai

Ahtri

i tn

Tuukr

Tuukri

Ahtri

Reviving Linnahall

parkla

Tuukri

Jõe tn

ne Nun

CITY CENTER MALLS

Pikk

lats

Aia tn

u tn

dam

Vaim

-Sa

Mere puiestee

Aida

Uue

Brookusp

Uus tn

Lootsi

i tn

Ahtri

rtük

rium

i tn

Paad

liiv

tee

amäe Rann

ja tn

Uus

Lab ora

i tn

liiv

rtük

too

Suu

Vana-Kalama

rium i tn

Suu

Ole

dam

lama

äe

nam

Ran

Kooli

stee

Lootsi

k-Ka

Kes

CENTRAL STATION

navärav

OLD TOWN ste

puie

Paa

Tolli tn

lats gup liiv

män

i tn

Kopl

Olevi

Toom

-Sa

MAIN WALKING PATHS

Uus

i tn

rtük

Suu

tee

Mere puiestee

Lai

tee

nam

HARBOUR

Kai tn

TRAM Kotzebue tn

Ran

Suur Rannavärav

Niine

puiestee

tee

HARBOUR

Põhja Niine

ehituspl

Gümnaasiumi

Toom

Suur Rannavärav

Niine

puiestee

tee

Lootsi

Niine

ehituspl

HARBOUR

Lootsi

Soo

Site analysis

Conclusion

Âą on the existing urban space - There is no destination point where to stay (promenade is cut off with the heliport - Culture kilometer does not have a starting/ending point - No places to sit / to rest - No wind and rain shelters - Building is dull and gray - It is not really noticeable from the street level - Inside needs restoration - Street is like a barrier - Linnahall is not well connected to nearby developments

+ Promenade is very interesting extention to the street where to walk + There is much sun access + Roof has a panoramic view over the city and the sea + Linnahall is accessible from the sea + Roofs and platforms are accessible from every side + The building inside is functionally working very well (movement flow) + Rooftops and platforms make the outdoor experience feel as a maze: different platforms are accessible from different stairs which are not connected with each other. + Water is easily accessible

Site analysis

Reviving Linnahall

Case studies

intro

High Line Park

United States of America, New York

James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2139899/New-Yorks-secret-skyline-Amazing-aerial-shots-rare-glimpse-hidden-rooftop-world.html

The High Line is a 1-mile (1.6 km) New York City linear park built on a 1.45-mile (2.33 km) section of the elevated former New York Central Railroad spur called the West Side Line, which runs along the lower west side of Manhattan; it has been redesigned and planted as an aerial greenway. A similar project in Paris, the 3-mile (4.8-kilometre) Promenade plantée, completed in 1993, was the inspiration for this project.1

1 “High Line (New York City),” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, February 24, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Line_(New_York_City)&oldid=596972160. Accessed 24.02.2014

Reviving Linnahall

Case studies

Conclusion

What is the case?

Reuse of unused railway tracks

What was it before?

Old railway connection

What is the most significant identifying feature of the case?

The park is put to untraditional place

What is the significant lesson derived from the case?

How to transform something unwanted to a loved public space. This is a different way of thinking in what to do with unused places/structures/buildings. Also how to use existing by applying new layers on it. This project shows how to revive a deserted area.

Keywords

Lifted up, reuse, new function

• untraditional place for a park • new perspective to the city • the whole design of the park has strong references to train tracks • transforming something unwanted to a loved public space

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

intro

Superkilen public park Denmark, Copenhagen BIG, Topotek 1, Superflex

Superkilen is a public park in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Designed by the arts group Superflex with the collaboration of Bjarke Ingels Group and Topotek1. The park was officially opened in June 2012.12 The project is part of an urban improvement plan coordinated by the City of Copenhagen in a partnership with Realdania. The objective is to upgrade the Nørrebro neighborhood to a high standard of urban development liable to inspire other cities and districts.3 The park is intended to celebrate diversity. Filled with objects from around the globe, it is designed as a kind of world exposition for the local inhabitants, covering over 50 nationalities, who have been able to contribute their own ideas and artifacts to the project.4 Superkilen is made up of three main areas: a red square, a black market and a green park. While the red square, painted bright red, orange and pink, focuses on recreation and modern living, the black market at the center is the classic square with a fountain where neighbors can meet, with its barbecue grills and palm trees from China. The green park, literally entirely green, has rolling hills, trees and plants suitable for picnics, sports and walking the dog.5 1 “Superkilen,” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, May 28, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superkilen&oldid=585686697. 2 “Superkilen,” Superkilen / Topotek 1 + BIG + Superflex, October 25, 2012, http://www.archdaily.com/286223/superkilen-topotek-1-big-architects-superflex/. 3 “Superkilen,” May 28, 2014. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid.

Reviving Linnahall

Case studies

intro The Red Square - market/culture/sport 6

As an extension of the sports and cultural activities at the Nørrebrohall, the Red Square is conceived as an urban extension of the internal life of the hall. A range of recreational offers and the large central square allows the local residents to meet each other through physical activity and games.    The colored surface is integrated both in terms of colors and material with the Nørrebrohall and its new main entrance, where the surface merges inside and outside in the new foyer.   Facades are incorporated visually in the project by following the color of the surface conceptually folding upwards and hereby creating a three-dimensional experience. By the large facade towards Nørrebrogade is an elevated open space, which almost like a tribune enables the visitors to enjoy the afternoon sun with a view.    In addition to the cultural and sportsfacilities, the Red Square creates the setting for an urban marketplace which attracts visitors every weekend from Copenhagen and the suburbs. Superkilen’s central marketplace is located in the area of the existing hockey field. A large area on the square is covered by a multifunctional rubber surface to enable ballgames, markets, parades, and skating rinks in winter etc. The mobile tribunes of Nørrebrohallen can be moved there for open-air movie/sports presentations. The square towards East allows outdoor service from the café inside by the future main entrance. Towards North, the visitors will enjoy basketball courts, parking spaces and an outdoor fitness area.   The red square is defined by a street in each end and building and fences along the sides. The edge is moving in and out - and we have tied the area together by connecting the surrounding given lines and edges in the big red pattern. A big red carped stretched out between all sides of the square.   Only red trees except the existing ones.

6 “SUPERFLEX/Tools/Superkilen,” accessed June 3, 2014, http://www.superflex.net/tools/superkilen.

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

intro The Black Square - urban livingroom7  Mimers Plads is the heart of the Superkilen Masterplan. This is where the locals meet around the Moroccan fountain, the Turkish bench, under the Japanese cherry-trees as the extension of the area’s patio. In weekdays, permanent tables, benches and grill facilities serve as an urban living room for backgammon, chess players etc.    The bike traffic is moved to the East side of the Square by partly solving the problem of height differences towards Midgaardsgade and enable a bike ramp between Hotherplads and the intersecting bike path connection. Towards North is a hill facing south with a view to the square and its activity.    The square can be spotted by the big, dentist neon sign from Doha, Qatar.     To protect from the street ending at the north east corner of the square and to meet the wishes from the neighbors, corner of the square is folded up creating a covered space Unlike the pattern on the red square, the white lines on Mimers Plads are all moving in straight lines from north to south, curving around the different furniture to avoid touching it. Here the pattern is highlighting the furniture instead of just being a caped under it.

The Green park - sport/play 8 Bauman once said that “sport is one of the few institutions in society, where people can still agree on the rules”. No matter where you’re from, what you believe in and which language you speak, you can always play football together. This is why a number of sports facilities are moved to the Green Park, including the existing hockey field with an integrated basketball court as it will create a natural gathering spot for local young people from Mjolnerpark and the adjacent school.   The activities of the Green Park with its soft hills and surfaces appeal to children, young people and families. A green landscape and a playground where families with children can meet for picnic, sunbathing and breaks in the grass, but also hockey tournaments, badminton games and workout between the hills.      From Tagensvej at the very north, the park is welcoming with a big rotating neon sign from USA, a big Italian chandelier and a black Osborne Bull from Costa del Sol (a wish from a Danish couple living in the area!).     The green park is turning into Mimers Plads on the top of the hill to the south. From the top of the hill you can almost overlook the entire Superkilen.

7 Ibid. 8 Ibid.

Reviving Linnahall

Case studies

Conclusion

What is the case?

Renewing and expanding already used urban space with innovative solutions

What was it before?

Former railway track cutting through Nørrebro

What is the most significant identifying feature of the case?

Method how via contrasting different programmatic layers were made a system what can be used as a basis for different parks

What is the significant lesson derived from the case?

Dividing a big area into smaller areas with different program, gives users a more clear understanding of the place and this ensures the usage of the area. This project shows how it is possible to unite different nations with a common goal

Keywords

Systematize, methodology, thinking outside of the box

• clear division of the area • different impressions on divided areas • a park for people • well connected • park celebrates diversity • big museum of daily things all over the world • outcome is really playful

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

intro

Parc De La Villette France, Paris OMA

In 1983, then-new President of France Francois Mitterrand decreed a one-stage competition for the design of a new public park to be built on the large site of former slaughterhouses in Paris. It was intended to be the largest landscaped park in Paris. 1 OMA’s design transforms the fiftyfive hectares into a post-Modern labyrinth of contrasting layers in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The layers comprise a theme-park of a new type, one un-programmed and without stereotypes, perfect for Situationst derives and children’s (of all ages) games. It is a park that would be difficult to experience the same way twice—repeat visits would each be different. We might call this park a proto- or supraurban landscape, in that its experience evokes the qualities we would want a city to have, foremost among them the ingredients of our personally selected self-invention. It is very much a people’s park, not because it caters to the lowest common denominators of expectations, but playfully challenges people to make of it what they can, each in their own way. 2

Photos of the model

The program by the city of Paris was too large for the site, leaving no space for a park. The proposed project is not for a definitive park, but for a method that - combining programmatic instability with architectural specificity - will eventually generate a park. 3 The idea comprises 5 steps: 4 1. The major programmatic components are distributed in horizontal bands across the site, creating a continuous atmosphere in its length and perpendicular, rapid change in experience. 2. Some facilities - kiosks, playgrounds, barbecue spots are distributed mathematically according to different point grids. 3. The addition of a “round forest” as architectural elements. 4. Connections 5. Superimpositions Parc De La Villette is a competition proposal what didn’t won.

1 “Parc De La Villette,” Lebbeus Woods, October 24, 2009, http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/10/24/another-rem/. Accessed 22.03.2014 2 Ibid. 3 OMA, “Parc De La Villette,” Parc De La Villette, accessed February 25, 2014, http://oma.eu/projects/1982/parc-de-la-villette. Accessed 24.02.2014 4 Ibid.

Reviving Linnahall

http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/10/24/another-rem/ http://oma.eu/projects/1982/parc-de-la-villette

Case studies

Layers

Horizontal layers Programme in relation to nature: Nature/Open-air activities/Buildings

Zoning of the area (all the with of the stripes are equal)

Confetti - Distributing small buildings (picnic tables, kiosks, refreshment bars, playgrounds) mathematically

Access and circulation

Inserting large programmatic buildings, installations

Urban alignment

All layers

Vertical Layers None of the vertical layers goes underground. Everything is added on

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

Site plan

http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.dk/2010/05/ecological-urbanism-introduction-part-1.html

Reviving Linnahall

Case studies

Conclusion

What is the case?

Transforming a former industrial area into a public space

What was it before?

Former area for slaughterhouses

What is the most significant identifying feature of the case?

Method how via contrasting different programmatic layers were made a system what can be used as a basis for different parks

What is the significant lesson derived from the case?

It is a park where organization of certain programmatic components in such a way that new cultural phenomena emerges. Superimposition could trigger new density of experience that was caused of program organization rather than forms. This is a method where on top everything looks programmatic, but from the ground it is a park what is playful and gives lots of variations of how to experience it.

Keywords

Systematize, colossal, methodology

• contrasting layers • repeated visits will all be different • a park for people • a method how to plan a park • systematization gives easy opportunities to make connections • big attractions to make the system interesting • outcome is really playful

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

Superimposing High Line to Linnahall

nsev park oort e In in f f o o r r S m a t ion L mation, p ine: (212 lease c ) 5 0 0-60 all the H HOU igh L 35 The RS High Line i s o p en fr om 7 ACC :00 E S A S M A c to 10 c e :00 P follo ss to the M win Hig g a c cess h Line is poin • Ga ts: possibl n e • 14 sevoo v i a r t t any h of th • 16t Street Street e (Elev h Str • a e t 1 e o 8 t t r ( h • 20t Street Elevator access la te su h St acce r s e m s e ) m t er 20 The 09) H Elev igh Lin a t o rs ar e is fully e loc ate wheel In d t h a t 14t chair acc be a e event h Str the H sked eet a essible. 16 t i g n o t h h d e 16th to en Street el nter via Line rea Stree c t. itsel sure pu evator if the Gan hes cap f. blic safe you ne sevoort acity, yo e t y a nd t d eleva Street st u may tor he s air s s a e ( GE f o r e v r t T y T o f the ice) only Th ING T , e park H igh L O THE m H e i n I t G e h H o d s of p can be re LINE ublic a SUB tra ched W n s p orta via the f L to AY ollow tion 8 : A/C th Aven ing / 1/2/ E to 14th ue; 3 to 14th Street; C S t / r E e B e t t U ; S 1 to 18 o 23rd S M11 t tr th St reet eet; M oW a s o 1 h 4 r i n 23rd t M34 o 9th A gton St Stree ve re to 10 t th A nue; M2 et or 9th ve 3 t n o u e 1 0th AAvenue; venu PAR K e; • Wa RULES PRO lking • H I o P I i n B c k • Thr ing ﬂow rail track T s • Sit owing o ers or pl , gravel, bj tin ants or p lants the g on ra ects • Bic High Lin ilings or yc e clim bing scoo les, skat o e t n e b r o a s n s a ( t y pa w r r d o h i rt of • Per llers are eelchair ng, skati ng, a s, mo form perm • n a b i S d t n i o t l c r i e l t e y s c • Co icitation es or am d). oote creation m p al rs, an l i ﬁ ed so • Lit mercia d t l act und, • O ering ivit ex y b c , e e p x t by c e • Dri structing p t by perm nkin entr perm it •F g a a n e e it d ing b lcohol ces or p i aths r d s or sq DOG uirre S NO ls D o T g P s to th are curr ERMITT E th e limit ently n D

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall

Superimposing Superkilen to Linnahall

Superimposing Parc De La Villette to Linnahall

Case studies

Reviving Linnahall