Hyla herpetological bulletin 2012_2 by Marija Kuljeric

Vol. 2012., No 2., prosinac 2012.

herpetological bulletin

Hrvatsko herpetološko društvo

Hyla herpetološki bilten herpetological bulletin Vol. 2012., No .

urednik/editor: Dušan Jelić

Hrvatsko herpetološko društvo - HYLA Croatian Herpetological Society - HYLA

Zagreb, SURVLQDF 2012.

Impressum HYLA, HERPETOLOGICAL BULLETIN Ključni naslov: Hyla (Zagreb) Skraćeni ključni naslov: Hyla (Zagreb) Naslovna fotografija: Rana arvalis (B. Horvatić) Izdavač/Publisher: Hrvatsko herpetološko društvo - HYLA Croatian Herpetological Society - HYLA I. Breznička 5a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia Urednik/Editor: Dušan Jelić, prof. biol. jelic.dusan@gmail.com Urednički odbor/Editorial board: Dušan Jelić, Croatia dr. sc. Ljiljana Tomović, Serbia dr. sc. Tomislav Bogdanović, Croatia Ivona Burić, Croatia ISSN: 1848-2007

Sadržaj: Contents: O HHD HYLA …………………………………………………………............................……………

About HHD HYLA …………………………………………………………............................………

LAUŠ, B., JELIĆ, D., BURIĆ, I., KOLARIĆ, A., KOREN, T. - Distribution and Conservation of Batrachofauna and Herpetofauna of the Zrmanja River catchment area ......…….…........... 3 Distribucija i zaštita faune vodozemaca i gmazova slivnog područja rijeke Zrmanje ..…............................................................……..................................................................... 3 KOREN, T., ČRNE, M., KOPRIVNIKAR, N., TRKOV, D., DRAŠLER, K., JELIĆ, D. - Contribution to the herpetofauna (Amphibia & Reptilia) of lower Neretva River (Croatia & Bosnia and Herzegovina) ……………….........................................................…….....................…….… 19 Prilog poznavanju herpetofaune (Amphibia & Reptilia) donjeg dijela rijeke Neretve (Hrvatska i Bosna i Hercegovina) ………………………..................................................…………...….. 19 ŠUKALO, G., ĐORĐEVIĆ, S., DMITROVIĆ, D., TOMOVIĆ, LJ. – Introduced fish Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur, 1819): hazard to the Grass snake, Natrix natrix (Laurenti, 1768) ……………………. 41 Introducirana vrsta Ameiurus nebulosus (Le Sueur, 1819): opasnost za bjeloušku, Natrix natrix (Laurenti, 1768) ……………………….………………………………...........................…….. 41 LAUŠ, B., BURIĆ, I. - Colour abnormalities in Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768) in Croatia .….

Neuobičajena obojenja kod Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768) u Hrvatskoj ……...…….

LISIČIĆ, D., POČANIĆ, P., LOVRIĆ, V., DEREŽANIN, L., TADIĆ, Z. – A case of cannibalism in European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus apodus .......................................................................................... 45 Slučaj kanibalizma kod blavora, Pseudopus apodus ……...............................................….

SUČIĆ, I., TRAPP, B., ZADRAVEC, M., ŠUKALO, G., JELIĆ, D. - Yellow spotted belly in Fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Central Croatia) …………......….……........…. 47 Žute pjege na trbuhu kod pjegavog daždevnjaka, Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) .…………….....………….………....................................................................................…. 47 MIHALIĆ, I. – Analysis of Prevalence and Characteristics of Venomous Snakebites in Croatia ....

Analiza pojavnosti i značajki ugriza zmija otrovnica u Hrvatskoj ….........................…..….

Upute autorima ………………………………………………………………............................……

Author guidelines …………………………………………………………..........................……….

Popisni list za kartiranje herpetofaune Republike Hrvatske …....…………........................………

O HHD – HYLA Hrvatsko herpetološko društvo – Hyla osnovano je 1997. godine pod imenom "Društvo za zaštitu i proučavanje vodozemaca i gmazova Hrvatske-Hyla". Osnovano je od strane biologa i zaljubljenika u vodozemce i gmazove zbog potrebe zaštite ovih životinja koje su često i bezrazložno proganjane i ubijane. Također se pojavila potreba za zaštitom ekosustava i mnogih staništa na kojima obitavaju ove, ali i ostale skupine životinja. Društvo je 2004. preimenovano u današnji naziv te sa razvila unutrašnja infrastruktura u vidu web stranice (www.hyla.hr) i mailing liste koje održavaju povezanost članova i mreže regionalnih i lokalnih udruga i organizacija partnera. Društvo je registrirano kao strukovna organizacija te je većina članova biološke struke. Međutim, otvoreni smo za sve koje zanima zaštita i proučavanje hrvatske herpetofaune (vodozemaca i gmazova) i staništa. HHD-Hyla je punopravna članica IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), najstarije i najveće međunarodne mreže za zaštitu prirode koja pod svojim okriljem okuplja više od 1000 članica - nevladinih i državnih organizacija - u više od 160 zemalja širom svijeta. HHD-Hyla je od 2012. članica udruženja udruga Hrvatski institut za biološku raznolikost HIB zajedno sa svojim partnerima Udrugom za biološka istraživanja – BIOM, Hrvatskim društvom za biološka istraživanja HDBI i Hrvatskim mirmekološkim društvom HMD. Projekti i aktivnosti usmjereni su na istraživanja te zaštitu vrsta i staništa, edukaciju lokalnog stanovništva i šire javnosti (u sklopu projekata ali i zasebna predavanja i radionice), edukaciju studenata te izdavanje publikacija i ostalog edukativnog materijala. Društvo je aktivno na nacionalnoj razini te provodimo projekte u raznim dijelovima Hrvatske uz suradnju s državnim i lokalnim institucijama, udrugama, stručnjacima u zemlji i inozemstvu, školama te lokalnim stanovništvom. VODSTVO DRUŠTVA Djelatnici Dušan Jelić (direktor), Ivona Burić, Ana Štih Upravni odbor

Nadzorni odbor

Boris Lauš – predsjednk

Dragica Šalamon

Ivona Burić – dopredsjednica

dr. sc. Krunoslav Brčić-Kostić

Marija Kuljerić - tajnik

Dean Karaica

Mila Lončar Petra Svoboda KONTAKT Poštanski pretinac: I. breznička 5a, 10 000 Zagreb

e-mail: info@hhdhyla.hr

Telefon: 098 - 608099 (Dušan Jelić)

095 - 1998001 (Ivona Burić)

About HHD - HYLA Croatian Herpetological Society - Hyla was founded in 1997 under the name "Society for the protection and study of amphibians and reptiles in Croatia-Hyla". It was established by the biologists and nature enthusiasts because of the need to protect amphibians and reptiles which are often unduly persecuted and killed. The need for protection of ecosystems and many habitats, on which this and other groups of animals reside, also occured. In 2004 Society was renamed to its present name and we developed an infrastructure, web site (www.hyla.hr) and mailing list, through which we maintain cohesion between members and a network of regional and local NGOs and partner organizations. Society is registered as a professional organization, and the majority of our members are biologists. However, we are open to all people interested in research and conservation of Croatian herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) and habitats. HHD-Hyla is a full member of the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), the oldest and largest international network for the protection of nature, with more than 1000 members - government and non-government organizations - in over 160 countries around the world. HHD-Hyla is since 2012 a full member and the founding party of the Croatian Instiute for Biodiversity CIB together with its partners Association for Biological Research â&#x20AC;&#x201C; BIOM, Croatian Biodiversity Research Society HDBI and Croatian Mirmecological Society HMD. Projects and activities are focused on research and protection of species and habitats, education of the local inhabitants and public (during the projects, as well as separate lectures and workshops), training of students and publishing of the various scientific, professional and educational materials. Society is active at the national level and implements projects in different parts of the Croatia in cooperation with national and local institutions, NGOs, national and international experts and scientists, schools and local inhabitants.

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.3 - 17 ISSN: 1848-2007

Original Scientific Paper

Distribution and Conservation of Batrachofauna and Herpetofauna of the Zrmanja River catchment area Distribucija i zaštita faune vodozemaca i gmazova slivnog područja rijeke Zrmanje BORIS LAUŠ1, DUŠAN JELIĆ1, IVONA BURIĆ1, ANA KOLARIĆ1, TONI KOREN2 1

Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Croatian Herpetological Society HYLA, Prva Breznička 5a, 10 000 Zagreb Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno–raziskovalno središče Koper, Inštitut za biodiverzitetne študije, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenija

Corresponding author: BORIS LAUŠ, Croatian Institute for Biodiversity and Croatian Herpetological Society HYLA, Prva Breznička 5a, 10000 Zagreb, boris.laus.pmf@gmail.com Abstract Over the four year period (2007–2010), the authors conducted a field study aimed at drawing up an inventory of batrachofauna and herpetofauna of the Zrmanja river catchment area. Eight species of amphibians and twenty one species of reptiles were detected; through the available literature overview two more reptilian and one amphibian species were added to the list. Therefore, we proved the presence of thirty two species in total. High diversity of amphibians and reptiles indicates great significance of this area and imposes the need to ensure survival of these species through long-term populations monitoring and conservation measures. Key words: Amphibians, Reptiles, Zrmanja, Conservation

Sažetak Kroz period od četiri godine (2007–2010), autori su proveli terenska istraživanja u cilju inventariziranja batrahofaune i herpetofaune slivnog područja rijeke Zrmanje. Zabilježeno je osam vrsta vodozemaca i dvadeset i jedna vrsta gmazova, dok su pregledom dostupne literature za ovo područje zabilježene još dvije vrste gmazova i jedna vrsta vodozemaca, čime je dokazana prisutnost ukupno trideset i dvije vrste. Velika raznolikost vodozemaca i gmazova upućuje na izniman značaj ovog područja i nameće potrebu za osiguranjem opstanka ovih vrsta kroz dugoročno praćenje stanja njihovih populacija i provođenje neophodnih mjera zaštite. Ključne riječi: vodozemci, gmazovi, Zrmanja, zaštita

Lauš et al.

(Crkvenčić et al. 1974). Detailed list of vegetation types

INTRODUCTION Zrmanja is a 69 kilometres long river in southern

and plant communities in the Zrmanja river catchment

Croatia. Its spring is located at 395 m a.s.l. beneath the

area and their endangerment status is discussed in

Mount Poštak in the southern part of Lika, and flows into

Matoničkin & Pavletić (1964), Lovrić & Rac (1989),

the Novigrad sea, 12 kilometres from the city of Obrovac.

Razlog-Grlica (1993), Lovrić et al. (1989) and Topić

Its most important tributaries are Krnjeza and Krupa

(2010).

rivers, but also rivers from the Lika region: Ričica and

Major part of the Zrmanja river basin, according to the

Otuča (Crkvenčić et al. 1974). From its spring, Zrmanja

Köppen climate classification, is under the Cfa class, the

flows to the south, passes through the Mokro polje area,

humid subtropical climate. A humid subtropical climate is

then turns westwards, passes through the Ervenik area, and

characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild

through the Žegar field; after this point Zrmanja forms a

to cool winters (Tab. 2).

canyon, passes through the city of Obrovac and finally flows into the Novigrad sea. The entire area we surveyed during the present research belongs to the region of the southern Hrvatsko Primorje (or North Dalmatia), i.e. Zadar region, except for the mere area of the Zrmanja spring beneath the Mount Poštak, which belongs to the Lika region (Crkvenčić et al. 1974). Along its course towards the Novigrad sea, Zrmanja passes through larger area of Bukovica and Ravni Kotari. Rock composition of the entire area of Ravni Kotari belongs to the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary calcareous rocks, that extend in Dinaric direction (northwest–southeast), while in the opposite direction (southwest–northeast) we have rotation of calcareous convex folds (anticlines) and downward folds (synclines). The area of Bukovice is a higher and more open calcareous plateau which is surmounted by calcareous Velebit mountain range. Prevailing substrates are

Tertiary

calcareous

rocks

(Promina

deposits),

calcareous breccias and conglomerates with intercalations of softer and more fertile marlstone and bauxite deposits (Crkvenčić et al. 1974). The result of such relief is a broad spectrum of microclimatic conditions. Climatic differentiation in the Zadar region is the most obvious in diversity of plant communities: true Mediterranean vegetation (evergreen macchia) is present along the Adriatic sea coast and in the islands, Sub-Mediterranean plants (oak and hornbeam) dominate in Ravni Kotari, and in Bukovica these are replaced by more mountainous plant communities

Table 2. Climatic data for the city of Knin (44°2.4′N, 16°11.6′E, 220 m a.s.l.), representing climatic conditions of the North Dalmatian hinterland (according to Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, 2010) Tablica 2. Klimatski podaci za grad Knin (44°2.4′N, 16°11.6′E, 220 m n.v.), koji predstavljaju klimatske uvjete sjevernodalmatinskog zaleđa (prema Državnom hidrometeorološkom Zavodu, 2010) Average air Insolation Precipitation Month temperature (h) (mm) (°C) 110,9 January 3,2 179,2 79,8 February 5,2 129,4 157,4 March 7,7 73,9 190,7 April 12,9 123,1 196,4 May 16,2 145,7 265,2 June 20,9 88,2 339,5 July 24,4 62,5 332,1 August 22,7 48,9 211,3 September 17,6 117,7 151,2 October 11,9 54,6 89,1 November 10,8 223,8 100,8 December 4,6 169,0 x/∑

x=13,2

∑=2.224,4

∑=1.416,0

Towards the coastline, this type of climate transforms into the Csa class, Mediterranean or dry subtropical climate, and from the Zrmanja spring towards the continent it changes into the Cfb class, marine west coast climate (Šegota & Filipčić, 2003). The present study summarizes current knowledge about batrachofauna and herpetofauna of the wider surroundings of the river Zrmanja. In this

Lauš et al.

paper we present former literature data and recent

reptiles are given on maps, and authors also provide

unpublished findings of the authors and their associates.

guidelines for conservation of these species.

Localities for 9 species of amphibians and 23 species of

Figure 1. Surveyed localities (▲) in the Zrmanja river catchment area Slika 1. Istraživani lokaliteti (▲) na slivnom području rijeke Zrmanje

MATERIAL AND METHODS

published data concerning the target groups in the selected

In the majority of older publications (Kolombatović 1908,

area

Karaman 1921, Poljak 1924, Pavletić 1964) findings from

(Kolombatović 1908, Karaman 1921, Poljak 1924,

the wider surroundings of Zrmanja are often listed without

Cvitanić 1959, Koen 1960, Pavletić 1964 Mršić 1978,

precise locality, i.e. merely as ”Zrmanja” or ”Obrovac”.

Đukić & Pasuljević 1979, Strijbosch et al. 1985,

With the data presented herein authors wanted to fill in the

Strijbosch et al. 1986, De Luca 1989, De Luca 1990,

blanks in knowledge of batrachofauna and herpetofauna

Tvrtković & Kletečki 1993, Krizmanić et al. 1997, Bressi

by gathering all available data about the accurate species

1999, Denoel et al. 2001, Sotiropoulos et al. 2001, Lončar

presence and distribution. Field research was carried out in

2005).

were

gathered

from

available

literature

numerous localities (Fig. 1) on several occasions during 2007 (a total of ten days from May to August, average of 3

RESULTS

persons), 2008 (six days in August, 2 persons), 2009 (four

From 2007 to 2010, extensive research of amphibian and

days in April, 1 person), and 2010 (nine days, end of April

reptilian fauna was carried out in wider surroundings of

through

the river Zrmanja, and presence of a total of twenty nine

August/September, average of 5 persons). Target research

species was recorded (Tab. 1). This number includes eight

was conducted in order to gather new information about

species of amphibians and twenty one species of reptiles.

rare species, and also to evaluate the level of

The occurrence of several additional species (one

endangerment of the encountered species. As a research

amphibian and two reptiles) was confirmed through the

area we selected wider surroundings of the river Zrmanja,

existing published data, but these species were not

from its spring to the river mouth, also including southern

recorded during our field work.

beginning

May,

and

ten

days

slopes of the Mount Poštak and the Mount Velebit (Prezid), and part of the Ravni Kotari area. Formerly

Lauš et al.

Table 1. List of amphibian and reptilian species recorded in literature and/or through the current research Tablica 1. Popis vrsta vodozemaca i gmazova zabilježenih u literaturi i/ili provedenim istraživanjem.

Reptilia

Amphibia

Class

Species Ichthyosaura alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768) Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1838 Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) Algyroides nigropunctatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) Iberolacerta horvathi (Méhely, 1904) Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768) Podarcis melisellensis (Braun, 1877) Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque, 1810) Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) Hierophis gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) Elaphe quatuorlineata (Lacépède, 1789) Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831) Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) SUM

Confirmed by authors

                                29

Literature data

                                27

Lauš et al.

Species overview

states only ”Zrmanja“.. We found this species on two localities, around the Zrmanja spring and at the Begovac

Class Amphibia

pond near Otrić.

Ichthyosaura (Triturus) alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) – Alpine Newt

Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) – Yellow-bellied

Through the most part of investigated area, Alpine newts

Toad

were found in karstic ponds which are still used in

The only published locality for the Yellow-bellied toad is

traditional outdoor livestock farming, or in neglected

the Prezid Pass on the southern slopes of the Mount

ponds that gradually became overgrown, but can still

Velebit (Karaman 1921). During the present research we

hold water for a longer period of the year. Natural

couldn’t confirm the presence of this species, but we do

retentions in karstic environment are rare and mostly

not exclude the possibility of suitable habitats existence

ephemeral, and as such are less suitable habitats, which

in the river Zrmanja catchment area where Yellow-

is confirmed through our research. Along the river

bellied toad could still be present, especially considering

Zrmanja and its tributaries several flooded areas exist,

other findings of this species in Dalmatia (Janev-Hutinec

but I. alpestris was not found in these water retentions.

et al. 2006).

According to published data, Alpine newt is present on Prezid Pass, Veselinovići settlement near Golubić, and

Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) – Common Toad

Urukulovac locality, Velebit (Tvrtković & Kletečki

The two previously published localities from Tvrtković

1993); additional previously known localities are along

& Kletečki (1993) are stated only as “Zrmanja“, without

the road Karin–Obrovac (Kobašlić 2002), and settlement

detailed descriptions. During our recent research this

Ušljebrke near Kaštel Žegarski (Sotiropoulos et al.

species was recorded on several locations along the river

2007). We also found this species at Prezid Pass, on new

Zrmanja and its tributaries Krnjeza and Krupa: the

localities near Golubić (three different ponds), and near

Zrmanja spring, Kaštel Žegarski, Krupa spring, Manastir

Otrić (Begovac pond).

na Krupi, Golubić, Berberi, Muškovci and the vicinity of the city of Obrovac.

Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – Smooth Newt Literature data for this species provided only one locality

Pseudepidalea (Bufo) viridis (Laurenti, 1768) – Green

(Prezid Pass, Velebit), but it wasn’t confirmed through

Toad

our research. We found it on new localities near the

Until our research of the river Zrmanja catchment area,

village Brkići (pond Sekina lokva), and near Otrić

there wasn't a single literature datum mentioning this

(Begovac pond). As for the Alpine newt, the most

species. During our field work we recorded Green toads

suitable habitats for T. vulgaris are karstic ponds that can

on several localities: the vicinity of Karin, Ribnica area,

hold water for longer periods of time.

Berberi, Muškovci, Maričići, Golubić and Kaštel Žegarski.

Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) – Fire Salamander

Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) – European Tree Frog

Considering preferable habitats for this species, i.e.

In older publications this species was mentioned on two

humid and shady areas with water bodies necessary for

localities: Prezid Pass on the southern slopes of the

reproduction, only few suitable areas exist along the

Mount Velebit, and the village Nadvode near Kaštel

river Zrmanja and its tributaries. A single literature

Žegarski (Tvrtković & Kletečki 1993). Our field work

datum on Fire salamander distribution is unclear and

Lauš et al.

brought out two more localities, Kaštel Žegarski and the

known localities, and revealed several new ones: the

vicinity of Berberi.

vicinity of Berberi, the vicinity of Manastir na Krupi and the area of the Jaruga stream towards the gulf of

Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in: Bonaparte, 1838 – Agile

Ljubački.

Frog This is the only species from the group of Brown frogs

Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 – Slow Worm

(genus Rana) distributed in the river Zrmanja catchment

This species prefers humid and shady habitats with dense

area. Although it was mentioned only twice in the

vegetation, so in Dalmatia it can be found in the limited

literature (Krnjeza river mouth: Kobašlić 2002, and

number of locations compared to the continental Croatia.

Krupa river mouth: Tvrtković & Kletečki 1993), Agile

The findings in Dalmatia are mostly associated with

frog was one of the most common and the most

higher altitudes of mountain ranges of the Dinara,

numerous amphibians of the explored area. It was found

Troglav, Kamešnica and Svilaja (Jelić D., pers. comm.

along the entire watercourse of Zrmanja and also along

2010), while the lack of findings at lower altitudes,

the entire river courses of Krupa and Krnjeza, and along

particularly in river valleys of Krka and Cetina, is quite

the Jaruga stream towards the gulf of Ljubački.

surprizing. There are no previous literature data for the area of the river Zrmanja; however, during recent field

Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) – Marsh Frog

work we recorded this species on several localities. Slow

Green frogs are well adaptable aquatic or semi-aquatic

worm was found in the vicinity of Ervenik settlement,

animals that inhabit various water bodies. Because of

Kaštel Žegarski, meadows along the Krupa River, in the

this fact it is not surprizing that these are indeed the most

vicinity of Berberi, near the Dobarnica river mouth, and

numerous and the most common amphibians in the

in the area of Jaruga stream towards the gulf of Ljubački.

investigated area. This species is confirmed both through literature (Pavletić 1964, Karaman 1921, Strijbosch et al.

Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) – European Glass

1985), and through our research, along the entire

Lizard

Zrmanja, Krupa and Krnjeza river courses, and along the

In the review of the Croatian National Zoological

Jaruga stream towards the gulf of Ljubački.

Museum collection of amphibians and reptiles in Zagreb, Pavletić (1964) mentions a sample of European Glass

Class Reptilia

Lizard collected from the area of the Zrmanja river in

Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) – European Pond

1909. However, except that specimen, there is no other

Turtle

published information for this area. Authors of the

One previous finding puts the European pond turtle on

present paper recorded P. apodus in the vicinity of

the Zrmanja river near the city of Obrovac (Jablonski D.,

Kaštel Žegarski, Manastir na Krupi, canyon of the river

pers. comm. 2010), and it was also recorded during our

Krupa, the vicinity of Obrovac and the area of Jaruga

research on the Krupa river (two ponds at Manastir na

stream.

Krupi). Algyroides nigropunctatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 – Hermann’s Tortoise

Dalmatian Algyroides

Herman’s tortoise is well known in this area for decades,

The first information about this species in the surveyed

and was previously mentioned for Kaštel Žegarski,

area was provided by Đukić & Pasuljević (1979), from

Krupa River, and the city of Obrovac (Strijbosch et al.

the Prezid Pass on the southern slopes of Velebit, and

1985). Our research confirmed all of the previously

later it was also found in the river Krupa canyon

Lauš et al.

(Strijbosch et al. 1985), and the Krupa river mouth

viridis can be found. Because their distributional areas

(Strijbosch et al. 1986). Most of the specimens observed

overlap, it's necessary to be particularly careful with their

during this study were recorded around the Zrmanja

determination. L. viridis is a representative of the

spring, and a smaller number of individuals were noted

continental fauna and mostly inhabits higher and colder

from Prezid Pass to Golubići.

areas of southern slopes of mountains (Tremzina, Poštak, Velebit), while L. trilineata represents Mediterranean

Iberolacerta horvathi (Méhely, 1904) – Horvath's Rock

fauna, and is mostly distributed in lower and warmer

Lizard

areas (river Zrmanja canyon, Ravni Kotari).

Although there are several published findings of this species in the area of the river Zrmanja (Karaman, 1921;

Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768) – European Green

Pavletić, 1964; De Luca, 1989), the authors of the

Lizard

present survey could not confirm the presence of this

Besides one specimen from 1909 in the Croatian Natural

species during field work. Previously, this species was

History Museum collection (Pavletić, 1964) from the

considered to be exclusively mountainous (De Luca,

Zrmanja territory, there were no other published data

1989); however, findings from a locality at 200 m a.s.l.

until this research. Authors confirmed the presence of the

were published recently (Žagar, 2008). As potential

European green lizard on Prezid Pass on Velebit, in the

habitats the most probable localities are Tulove grede

vicinity of Begovac pond near Otrić, and along the first

and southern slopes under the Prezid Pass and Crnopac

10 kilometres from the Zrmanja spring downstream.

(Velebit), so future research shall be directed to this area. Podarcis melisellensis (Braun, 1877) – Dalmatian Wall Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 – Sand Lizard

Lizard

Because in Dalmatia the Sand lizard is distributed only

Literature states just a few localities for this species,

on higher altitudes of mountain ranges and prefers

which is widespread in whole Dalmatia. There is one

continental climate (Jelić, 2010), it’s not surprising that

sample from 1909 in the Croatian Natural History

authors found this species only at the Prezid Pass on

Museum collection (Pavletić, 1964) from the Zrmanja

Velebit, 929 m. In the previously published literature

territory, a finding from 1978 from the Prezid Pass on

there is no mention of this species in the catchment area

Velebit (Lončar, 2005), one from the locality in the

of the river Zrmanja.

vicinity of Kaštel Žegarski (Strijbosch et al. 1985), and a report from the locality in the Krupa river valley

Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 – Balkan Green Lizard

(Strijbosch et al. 1986). During our research the

This is the largest species of lizards in Croatia, which

Dalmatian wall lizard was recorded across the whole

presents its westernmost point of distribution. Older

demarcated area, from the Zrmanja spring, along the

findings confirm this species for the area of Krupa and

entire river course, and along its tributaries.

Zrmanja (Strijbosch et al. 1985, Strijbosch et al. 1986) and Karin sea (Mihoković N., pers. comm. 2010).

Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) – Common Wall

During the current research, the Balkan green lizard was

Lizard

recorded on several localities, from southern slopes of

There are just a few unspecified information about the

the Poštak Mountain, along the river Zrmanja and its

findings of this lizard for the ”Zrmanja” area (Karaman,

tributaries towards the Novigrad sea, around the Karin

1921; Pavletić, 1964), and one for the Prezid Pass

sea, and the gulf of Ljubački. At the river Zrmanja

(Lončar, 2005). The authors confirmed the presence of

catchment area both Lacerta trilineata and Lacerta

Lauš et al.

the common wall lizard at the Zrmanja spring, near the

Krupa, Krnjeza and Dobarnica. It is interesting to

bridge Kravlja draga, and at the Prezid Pass.

mention that individuals recorded on the Zrmanja river stretch between Janković buk and the city of Obrovac

Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque, 1810) – Italian Wall lizard

live in brackish water (Jelić & Lelo, 2010) and feed,

The first information about the Italian wall lizard

among other, on marine fishes that enter Zrmanja in

mentions findings near Obrovac, Kaštel Žegarski and

large numbers.

area around the river Krupa (Strijbosch et al. 1985, Strijbosch et al. 1986), and there is also one finding near

Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) – Dahl’s Whip

the Karin sea (Katušić L., pers. comm. 2010). New

Snake

records of this lizard were provided through our field

This is one elegant and certainly fast snake, with the

work, at localities around the Zrmanja spring, in the

westernmost part of its distribution in Croatia: it can be

vicinity of Berberi, and in the area of Jaruga stream

found along the entire Adriatic coast to the Istria in the

towards the gulf of Ljubački.

northwest (Darewskij & Ščerbak, 1993; Kreiner, 2007). Until our study, there were no records of this species in

Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 – Smooth Snake

the examined area. Therefore, this is the first information

The first published finding of the Smooth snake from the

of Dahl’s whip snake presence in the river Zrmanja

area of the river Zrmanja dates back to 1902, and that

catchment area, in three different localities: the vicinity

specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History

of Berberi, between Manastir na Krupi and Golubić, and

Museum collection (Pavletić, 1964). There are some

the area near to the Karin sea.

additional records with localities marked just as “Zrmanja” (Karaman, 1921). A few specimens of this

Hierophis gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) – Balkan Whip

snake were recorded during our research around the

Snake

Zrmanja spring, and at the Prezid Pass.

Along with the Dice snake, the Balkan whip snake was one of the most numerous snakes observed during this

Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) – Grass Snake

study. Although it is associated mainly with the warm

Although this species is the most common snake in

climate of the Mediterranean area, during our research

Croatia, there is just one published record, from 1910

several specimens were recorded around the Zrmanja

(Pavletić, 1964). Through our recent field work, the

spring, which geographically belongs to the region of

Grass snake was encountered at the Begovac pond near

Lika (Crkvenčić et al. 1974), and has a somewhat colder

Otrić, along most of the Zrmanja, Krupa and Dobarnica

climate, compared to the usual Mediterranean habitats.

river courses, and in area of Karin sea.

This snake was also found on several locations along the Zrmanja river: from Ervenik, over Kaštel Žegarski, to the

Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) – Dice Snake

city of Obrovac, and also along its tributary, river Krupa,

Judging by the high number of recorded specimens

from its spring to the river mouth. Besides, it was

during our research, the dice snake is certainly the most

recorded near the pond Sekina lokva in the vicinity of the

common snake in the studied area. The earliest findings

settlement Brkići, and in the area along the Jaruga stream

from this region are mentioned in 1921 by Karaman, and

towards the gulf of Ljubački. Literature also confirms

there are later data from the area of Kaštel Žegarski

this species, for the surroundings of Kaštel Žegarski

(Strijbosch et al. 1985). Authors recorded this snake in

(Strijbosch et al. 1986) and the city of Obrovac

the whole area along the river course of Zrmanja (from

(Strijbosch et al. 1985); there are also some unpublished

the spring downstream to the city of Obrovac), and also

Lauš et al.

findings in the vicinity of the Karin (Katušić L., pers.

(Pavletić, 1964), and the other is from the Krupa river

comm. 2010).

valley (Strijbosch et al. 1986). Authors have recorded just two specimens of this species, one at Manastir na

Elaphe quatuorlineata (Lacépède, 1789) – Four-lined

Krupi, and another one at the pond Sekina lokva near the

Snake

village Brkići.

Cvitanić (1959) stated that he had got a sample of the Four-lined snake in the spring of 1958 from the area of

Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831) – European Cat

the city of Obrovac. The next information is a finding of

Snake

this snake in the vicinity of Kaštel Žegarski (Koen,

As this is crepuscular and nocturnal animal, conditions

1960). Beside these two records, our research revealed

for study of this species are somewhat difficult. We

two more locations: the canyon of the river Krnjeza, and

couldn’t find it during our research of the river Zrmanja

location at the village Golubići.

catchment area, but we do not exclude the possibility of this species presence. This is based on several former

Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) – Aesculapian

findings: area of Jasenice from 1986 (Lončar, 2005), the

Snake

surroundings of Obrovac (Strijbosch et al. 1986), and

This snake is quite common in the entire territory of

Golubići (Horvatić B., pers. comm. 2006).

Croatia. Despite that, there is just a single historical finding, for the vicinity of Kaštel Žegarski (Strijbosch et

Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) – Nose-horned

al. 1985). During our research, specimens of this snake

Viper

were found on a few locations, from the Begovac pond

This is the only adder in the studied range. For the area

near Otrić, the Zrmanja spring, Manastir na Krupi, to the

of Zrmanja there is one finding from 1910 (Pavletić,

surroundings of Obrovac (ruins of the Old city of

1964). It is also confirmed for the surroundings of Kaštel

Obrovac).

Žegarski and Obrovac (Strijbosch et al. 1985). Authors recorded the Nose-horned Viper at the Begovac pond

Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) – Leopard Snake

near Otrić, around the Zrmanja spring, on the slopes of

Although its distribution in Croatia stretches across the

Trebačnik hill near Kaštel Žegarski, and above the river

entire coast, up to the Istria peninsula, with presence on

Krnjeza canyon.

some islands (Janev-Hutinec & Lupret-Obradović, 2005; Lauš, 2010), due to its secretiveness it’s not easy to

Discussion

confirm the presence of this snake in a certain area.

During the survey of batracho- and herpetofauna of the

There are no historical findings for Leopard snake in the

river Zrmanja catchment area, a total of 29 species was

researched area, so the authors recorded this species for

recorded: 21 reptile species and 8 species of amphibians.

the first time. Localities where this snake was found are:

Examining the literature concerning this area, another 2

Manastir na Krupi, the river Krupa canyon, Golubići, the

species of reptiles and one amphibian were confirmed:

vicinity of Muškovci, and the vicinity of Jasenice.

Iberolacerta horvathi, Telescopus fallax, and Bombina variegata. With this additional data, total number of

Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) –

species confirmed to be present in this area rose to 32,

Eastern Montpellier Snake

which represents 53% of all amphibians and reptiles in

There are two literature data with findings of Eastern

Croatia.

Montpellier snake, one of which is a sample in the Croatian Natural History Museum collection from 1902

Lauš et al.

High number of recorded species is surely the result of

habitats, as well as low anthropogenic influence.

favourable climatic factors and preserved variety of

Figure 2. Recorded distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Zrmanja River area (2x2 km EEA grid) Slika 2. Zabilježena rasprostranjenost vodozemaca I gmazova područja rijeke Zrmanje (2x2 km EEA mreža)

Lauš et al.

Because of the influence of several climatic types in this

livestock farming, restore some of the neglected ponds,

area, a mixture of different species is present: species

and provide better management of permanent water

typical for Mediterranean coast of the Balkan Peninsula,

bodies like these.

like the Eastern Montpellier snake (Malpolon insignitus),

Although traffic infrastructure is not strongly developed,

the Leopard snake (Zamenis situla), the Dahl’s whip

and traffic itself is not too frequent, we noticed that some

snake (Platyceps najadum) etc., but also species

species tend to be more vulnerable to road kills. This

commonly present in continental parts, like the European

particularly stands for the Leopard snake (Zamenis

green lizard (Lacerta viridis), the Smooth snake

situla), of which the majority of specimens were found

(Coronella austriaca), Fire salamander (Salamandra

basking on asphalt roads. This species requires further

salamandra), etc. Due to the beneficial influence of the

monitoring in this area, and if potential ”black spots” are

sea, some species normally present in coastal areas

revealed, further action is required towards the

penetrated deeper into the continent. For example, few

eliminating of negative anthropogenic factors.

such species were recorded all the way along the Zrmanja river till the mere spring, located in colder

Conclusion

region of Lika. These are the Balkan whip snake

In the catchment area of the river Zrmanja, only sporadic

(Hierophis gemonensis), Dalmatian wall lizard (Podarcis

studies of certain localities were conducted so far; some

melisellensis), Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) and

information gathered from the literature were older than

Dalmatian algyroides (Algyroides nigropunctatus).

100 years. With this paper authors tried to unite

Among the present species of amphibians and reptiles,

historical information with their recent research, in order

nine are in the protected category, and twenty three

to provide better knowledge and understanding of

species are in the strictly protected category, according

batracho- and herpetofauna of this area. From the data

to the Croatian Nature Protection Act. As well, seven

we provided it is evident that catchment area of the river

species are listed in the Red Book of amphibians and

Zrmanja is of exceptional importance to amphibian and

reptiles of Croatia (Janev-Hutinec et al. 2006).

reptilian fauna. So far we recorded 32 species, which

Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Hyla arborea,

present 53% of the total species number of amphibians

Natrix tessellata and Zamenis situla are listed as data

and reptiles in Croatia. Water presence in a karstic area

deficient species (DD), while Emys orbicularis and

such as the terrain we surveyed results in large

Testudo hermanni are listed as near threatened (NT).

populations of particular species of amphibians, and

The Zrmanja river basin is essential for amphibian

favourable climate factors and preserved habitat diversity

reproduction. Great number of frog populations was

stimulate high number of reptile species. Although this

recorded,

(Pelophylax

area is currently under low anthropogenic impact, it is

ridibundus), Agile frogs (Rana dalmatina) and Common

reasonable to expect economic progress and accelerated

toads (Bufo bufo). These and other frog species inhabit

urbanisation. Therefore, it is of great importance to

flood plains along the Zrmanja river course, as well as

understand the significance of the Zrmanja river

flood plains alongside its tributaries. This is one of the

catchment area, and to ensure long-term survival and

most important centres for amphibian diversity in

good management of the recorded populations and high

Dalmatia, and must be taken into consideration in every

numbers of amphibian and reptile diversity.

primarily

Marsh

frogs

eventual project for canalizing these rivers. On the other hand, ponds are vital for other amphibians like newts. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize traditional

Lauš et al.

Acknowledgements

et Bibron, 1839) Reptilia, Lacertidae. Biosistematika,

The authors wish to thank the members of Croatian

Beograd 5: 61-70.

Herpetological

Society

HYLA,

Biology

Students

Janev-Hutinec, B., Lupret-Obradović, S. (2005): Zmije

Association BIUS and management of the Public

Hrvatske – Priručnik za određivanje vrsta. Izdanje HHD-

Institution Nature Park “Velebit” who contributed to the

Hyla, 33 pp.

quality of this research with their support and

Janev Hutinec, B., Kletečki, E., Lazar, B., Podnar Lešić, M.,

commitment. We would especially like to thank our

Skejić, J., Tadić, Z., Tvrtković, N. (2006): Red Book of

colleagues Mila Lončar, Ana Kobašlić, Marija Kuljerić,

Amphibians and Reptiles of Croatia. Ministry of Culture

Berislav Horvatić, Luka Katušić and Dijana Župan for

and State Institute for Nature Protection, Republic of

all the help during the field research and writing of this

Croatia.

paper. Authors wish to also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful advices and comments.

Jelić, D. (2010): First record of the erythronotus mutant in Lacerta agilis argus Laurenti, 1768 from Croatia. Natura Croatica 19:119-121.

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Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.19-40 ISSN: 1848-2007

Original Scientific Paper

Contribution to the herpetofauna (Amphibia & Reptilia) of lower Neretva River (Croatia & Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Prilog poznavanju herpetofaune (Amphibia & Reptilia) donjeg dijela rijeke Neretve (Hrvatska i Bosna i Hercegovina)

TONI KOREN1, 2, MITJA ČRNE2, NATAŠA KOPRIVNIKAR2, DOMEN TRKOV2, KATARINA DRAŠLER3, DUŠAN JELIĆ4 1

University of Primorska, Science and Research Center Koper.Institute for Biodiversity Studies, Si- 6000 Koper, Slovenia 2 Biodiva - Conservation biologists society, Kettejeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia 3 Societas herpetologica slovenica - society fot the study of amphibians and reptiles, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 4 Croatian Herpetological Society – HYLA, Hrvatski institut za biološka istraživanja, Prva breznička 5a, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract In this paper we present newly collected data and historical overview of the herpetofauna of Neretva River Valley. During two consecutive years (2011, 2012) we collected new data about the presence of reptiles and amphibians in the area, on 25 sampling sites, of which 21 in Croatia and 4 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During our survey we recorded the presence of 21 species of which 18 are listed in the IUCN Red list. The literature records added another 13 species, so the total number for amphibians and reptiles in the area is 34 species, 11 amphibian and 23 reptiles. With such a high diversity, the area of Neretva River is one of the hotspots of the amphibian and reptile diversity in Croatia. Lower Neretva Valley is now days under a strong anthropogenic influence, and most of the area is used for plantations and intensive agriculture. It is of a critical importance to conserve and protect the remaining natural habitat in the future.

Key words: amphibians, reptiles, diversity, conservation

Sažetak U ovom radu predstavljamo novo prikupljene podatke, kao i povijesni pregled herpetofaune doline rijeke Neretve. Tijekom 2011. i 2012. godine prikupili smo podatke o prisutnosti vodozemaca i gmazova na 25 lokaliteta, od kojih se 21 nalazio u Hrvatskoj a 4 u Bosni i Hercegovini. Tijekom našeg istraživanja utvrdili smo prisutnost 21 vrste, od kojih je 18 navedeno na IUCN-ovom Crvenom Popisu. Literaturnim nalazima utvrdili smo prisutnost još 13 vrsta, tako da je poznati broj vrsta na području Neretve 34, od čega 11 vrsta vodozemaca i 23 vrste gmazova. Sa ovolikim brojem vrsta, područje rijeke Neretve može se smatrati vrućom točkom bioraznolikosti vodozemaca i gmazova u Hrvatskoj. Donji tok rijeke Neretve je danas pod snažnim antropogenim utjecajem, i veći dio se upotrebljava za plantaže i intenzivnu poljoprivredu. U budućnosti će biti od ključne važnosti očuvati preostala prirodna staništa toga područja.

Ključne riječi: vodozemci, gmazovi, raznolikost, zaštita

Koren et al.

amphibians and reptiles historically recorded in this area

INTRODUCTION The surveys of the amphibians and reptiles fauna of Croatia started more than 200 years ago, and a great

is also presented, so this work can serve as a concise guide to the amphibians and reptiles in the area.

number of papers were published since then. With three different

macro

regions,

the

Mediterranean,

the

mountainous and the continental region, the territory of

STUDY AREA

Croatia is characterized by a rich fauna of amphibians

Neretva River, with total length of 213 km, flows

and reptiles, and a total of 19 amphibians (Amphibia)

through Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Springs of

and 39 reptiles (Reptilia) species are present in the

river Neretva are located 5 km south of Jabučica hill,

country (Janev Hutinec et al., 2006). However, the

Zelengora Mountain (Soldo et.al., 2010). Climate of the

occurrences

Typhlops

area along Neretva River depends on distance from the

Blanus

sea. Lowland closer to the sea has a Mediterranean

strauchi (Bedriaga, 1884) needs to be confirmed as it is

climate, middle part continental and upper part climate

based on a questionable records of only single

typical for Dinaridic Alps. Average precipitation is 1224

individuals (Janev-Hutinec et al., 2006). For many other

l/m2 (Tab. 1), although during the summer droughts are

species the number of records is small, and the

common.

some

vermicularis Merrem,

species 1820

like and

knowledge of their distribution still incomplete. The most comprehensive amount of data can be found in the

Neretva River was in the past known for malaria and rich

Red Book of Amphibians and Reptiles of Croatia (Janev-

biodiversity of bird and fish fauna. With extensive

Hutinec et al., 2006), but it contains only general

melioration, which took place 30 years ago, significant

distribution data, and only for species with accessed

portion of area has been transformed from wetland into

status. Also, no comprehensive atlas of amphibians and

agricultural land.

reptiles for regions or for the whole country exists, so it can be stated that the herpetofauna of Croatia is not sufficiently known. This confirms the large number of faunistic papers published during the last decades (e.g. Tóth et al. 2006; Koren et al., 2011; Jelić et al. 2012; Jelić & Karaica, 2012), which greatly contributed to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of some areas. However, many areas still lack basic data about herpetofauna or the data is more than 100 years old and unusable for conservation purposes. No systematic surveys of amphibians and reptiles of Neretva River were ever done. Only several extensive papers exist (e.g. Werner, 1897; Bolkay, 1925; 1928; Bressi, 1999) while most other papers only contain one or few records (e.g. Radovanović, 1941; Werner, 1905). The aim of this study is to give a first overview of the herpetofauna of lower Neretva Valley from the newly

Table 1. Climate data for Ploče, which represents the climate conditions in the area along the Neretva River; Meteorological and Hydrological Service 2002-2011. Tablica 1. Klimatski podatci za Ploče, koja predstavlja klimatske uvijete područja istraživanja uz tok rijeke Neretve; DHMZ 2002-2011. Average air Precipitation Month temperature (°C) (mm) January 5.8 139.5 February 6.7 111.5 March 10.1 148.7 April 14.3 62.3 May 19.1 65.6 June 23.1 67.0 July 25.5 26.2 August 24.8 61.4 September 20.2 88.2 October 15.4 134.3 November 10.8 155.1 December 7.4 164.6 Σ; x x=15.4 Σ =1224.5

collected records, as well to address some conservation issues concerning the area. All literature data of the

Koren et al.

Despite large-scale destruction and degradation of wetland in the area of Neretva River, especially its delta, still represents a biologically valuable area and is still insufficient explored (MuĹžniÄ&#x2021;, 2007). The lower Neretva Valley, which stretches from Hutovo blato in Bosnia and Herzegovina toward the delta, near Opuzen, Croatia. Two main habitat divisions are recognized in the lower Neretva Valley; the mountains and the lowland areas. The mountains provide a range of habitats from bare upper regions with no vegetation through low scrub to the pinewoods. Original and once widespread natural

MATERIALS AND METHODS This field research took place in the southern parts of Neretva River, respectively lower Neretva Valley. Altogether we surveyed 25 samplings sites, of which 21 were located in Croatia and 4 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Tab. 2, Fig. 1). The sampling was carried in several occasions, in the periods from 11 to 12.5.2007, 14.8.2009, 23.4.2011 to 1.5.2011, 3.7.2012 to 8.7.2012 and from 5.8.2012 to 7.8.2012. We spent altogether 18 days in the field.

woodland was Oak (Quercus pubescens) while woods on

The data about amphibians and reptiles of the area was

lower slopes consist of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis),

collected in three ways: search for the road kills, active

Cypress (Cypressus occidentalis) and Stone Pine (Pinus

searching of species in favourable habitats and vocal

pinea). The lowlands consist of mixture of marshes and

recognition. All caught animals were identified to the

lakes, pastures, riverine scrubs and woodland and

species level, and released on the same location they

estuary. Along Neretva river occurs usual riverine flora

were caught. All the animals were identified using

such as Salix sp. and Populus sp.. With a smaller areas of

standard field guide (Arnold & Ovenden, 2002). The

marsh and swamps, scattered along the area water

systematic follows Fauna Europaea (2011). To fully

meadows and waterlogged grazing and hayfield are

summarize all the known data about amphibians and

associated (Sage, 1964).

reptiles in the area we checked all available literature. Data for each species were shown on empty map of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Koren et al.

Figure 1. Surveyed localities along Neretva River. Number corresponds to the localities given in Materials and methods section. Slika 1. Istra탑ivani lokaliteti u okolici rijeke Neretve. Brojevi lokaliteta odgovaraju onima danima u Materijalima i metodama.

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Table 2. List of surveyed localities, with the coordinates, altitudes and dates of visits. Tablica 2. Popis istraživanih lokaliteta sa koordinatama, nadmorskim visinama i datumima obilaska. Locality Country* N E Altitude Dates of visit 1 Bara CRO 43,071389 17,419167 13 m 27.4.2011 2 Baćine, Baćinska lakes CRO 43,071027 17,434690 7 m 27.4.2011, 28.4.2011 3 Dubrovica, 800 m W CRO 43,028350 17,470133 0 m 7.7.2012 4 Rogotin CRO 43,049949 17,476647 1 m 26.4.2011 5 Sestrun, Rogotin CRO 43,042045 17,482153 1 m 28.4.2011 6 Markote, 800 m S CRO 43,031917 17,490967 0 m 6.7.2012 7 Modro oko CRO 43,057757 17,510141 9 m 11-12.5.2007, 28-29.9.2008, 28.4.2011 8 Vrijaci, Neretva CRO 43,067477 17,519668 14 m 28.4.2011 9 Komin, Neretva CRO 43,041889 17,536362 46 m 25.4.2011 10 Kamp Rio, Blace, Opuzen CRO 43,008852 17,470401 0 m 14.8.2009, 23-28.4.2011, 8.7.2012 11 Opuzen, Blace CRO 43,005334 17,480143 18 m 25.4.2011 12 Blace, Neretva CRO 43,002811 17,485124 68 m 14.8.2009, 23-26.4.2011, 28.4.2011 13 Opuzen, Trn CRO 42,998244 17,487272 35 m 23.4.2011, 25.4.2011 14 Tuštevac CRO 42,985437 17,511593 10 m 23.4.2011 15 Vlaka CRO 43,002513 17,529925 1 m 23.4.2011 16 Opuzen, Lovorje CRO 42,981972 17,536089 13 m 28.4.2011 17 Opuzen, Podgradina CRO 43,009527 17,566001 40 m 26.4.2011 18 Krvavac CRO 43,028243 17,589613 70 m 25.4.2011 19 Dubravica 120 m s CRO 43,030233 17,648700 20 m 7.7.2012 20 Vid, Metković CRO 43,06801 17,639897 13 m 11.5.2007, 12.5.2007 21 Metković, Vidonje CRO 43,045517 17,658150 11 m 30.4.2011, 7.7.2012 22 Metković B&H 43,052556 17,694661 2 m 29.4.2011 23 Sevaš Njive B&H 43,153884 17,751865 113 m 27.4.2011 24 Žitomislići B&H 43,203067 17,793933 49 m 27.4.2011, 7.5.2012 25 Čitluk B&H 43,227882 17,754494 306 m 29.4.2011 *CRO-Croatia, B&H-Bosna & Herzegovina

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the surveyed literature we found the records of 11 amphibian and 23 reptile species for the area of lower Neretva Valley. The list of all new, as well as literature records is presented here. During this survey we managed to find, observe or catch 139 amphibians and

reptiles. Altogether 21 species were recognized, from which 4 amphibians and 17 reptiles (Tab. 3). This represents 36% of the herpetofauna of Croatia (JanevHutinec et al., 2006). All recorded species were recorded in Croatia, but only 5 species were recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, due to the small number of field days (4 days) that we spend there.

Koren et al.

Table 3. Systematic checklist of recorded species, the list of localities they were recorded and the number of observed road kills. Tablica 3. Sistematski popis zabilježenih vrsta, popis lokaliteta na kojima su pronađene te broj opaženih prevoženih jedinki. Number of observed Species list Locality* road kills 1. Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) 12, 22, 23 2 2. Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) 7, 10 / 3. Rana dalmatina Fitzinger, 1838 2, 7 / 4. Pelophylaxridibundus Pallas, 1771 5, 7, 10 5 1. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) 2, 5, 6-16, 18, 20, 21, 24 >20 2. Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 21 6 3. Podarcis melisellensis (Braun, 1877) 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 22 2 4. Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) 13 / 5. Dalmatolacerta oxycephala Linnaeus, 1758 2, 7, 11, 12 / 6. Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 10, 12 / 7. Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 20, 21 2 8. Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 20 >20 9. Zamenis longissimus Laurenti, 1768 2, 7, 20 / 10. Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) 2 / 11. Elaphe quatuorlineata (Lacepede, 1789) 1 / 12. Hierophis gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) 2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 21 2 13. Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) 14 1 14 Malpolon insignitus Hermann, 1804 10, 15, 22 >20 15. Vipera amodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) 7, 12, 20 / 16. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 2, 8, 16, 24 1 17 Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 12 / *The locality list corresponds to the ones given in Materials and methods section.

SPECIES ACCOUNT Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) This species was previously recorded on many sites around Nerteva river, including Čapljina (Bolkay, 1925), Čapljina field, Neretva river Valley & Mogorjelo by Čapljina

(Bolkay,

(Schmidtler&

1928),

Schmidtler,

Opuzen 1983),

Metković

Norinska

Kula-

Metković (Krizmanić, 1997), Hutovo blato Domanovići (Krizmanić,

1997)

and

Neretva

river

valley

(Dragobratović, 2007) (Fig. 2). This species was not recorded during our survey, which can probably be the result of the lack of systematic surveys of ponds and

Figure 2. Records of L. vulgaris in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 2. Nalazi vrste L. vulgaris na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

channels in the area.

Koren et al.

Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758)

Veen, 2006). In our survey we did not target springs, or

This salamander was previously recorded in general area

underground caves, so this species was not recorded.

of Neretva Valley (Bolkay, 1928; Dragobratović, 2007) (Fig 3). The area of Neretva is probably not an ideal habitat for this species, which needs small, clean streams for their development. No new records of this species were found, but the best habitat for this species should be the area from Baćinska lakes and the surroundings of Modro Oko. These areas are still rich in different habitat types, including forests. Such habitats have almost completely disappeared from the surroundings of river Neretva itself. Figure 4. Records of P. anguineus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 4. Nalazi vrste P. anguineus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze. Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Only a few records of this species from the area exist (Fig. 5). Bolkay (1928) reports its presence in the area from

the

river

delta

toward

village

Drežnice.

Dragobratović (2007) also reports this species for the area, but without any precise locality. This species is in Figure 3. Records of S. salamandra in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 3. Nalazi vrste S. salamandra na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

general pretty rare in Dalmatia, so such low number of records is not surprising. We also did not confirm its presence in the area.

Proteus anguineus Laurenti, 1768 The Olm, P. anguineus is common in the area of Neretva River, and it has been recorded in many localities (Fig. 4).

Literature

(Kolombatović,

records

include

1882;

Kletečki

Neretva et

al.,

Valley 1996;

Dragobratović, 2008), Gabela, border (Werner, 1899), Neretva, spring (Brusina, 1908; Kletečki et al., 1996), Trebižat (B & H) (Bolkay, 1928, 1929), Momići village, Metković (Gluščević, 1969; Kletečki et al., 1996), Prud, spring of river Norin, Metković (Gluščević, 1969; Kletečki et al., 1996), Vid, Metković (Gluščević, 1969; Kletečki et al., 1996), Lower Neretva Valley (Rađa,

Figure 5. Records of B. variegata in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 5. Nalazi vrste B. variegata na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

1980), Bijeli Vir (Kletečki et al., 1996), Doljana,

Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Metković (Kletečki et al.,1996), Glušci (Kletečki et al.,

This species was previously been recorded in only two

1996), Crni vir, polje Jezero, Vrgorac (Tvrtković &

localities around Neretva: from the river delta toward

Koren et al.

village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928) and Neretva in general

rare amphibians present on the islands (Kryštufek &

(Dragobratović,

Kletečki, 2007).

2007).

During

our

survey

encountered this species in three localities: Blace, Metković and Sevaš Njive.

Figure 6. Records of B. bufo in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 6. Nalazi vrste B. bufo na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Figure 7. Records of B. viridis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 7. Nalazi vrste B. viridis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

Bufo viridis (Laurenti, 1768) This species is the most common species in the Adriatic islands (Jelić et al., 2012) as well in the Adriatic coast. However, it seems that this species is not so common in the area of river Nerteva. Only two literature records exist. Bolkay (1928) reports its presence in the area from the river delta toward village Drežnice. Dragobratović (2007) reports this species for the area (Fig. 7). This species

can

usually

easily

recorded

the

Mediterranean area, due to the fact that the adults are usually very active in the night and its vocalization can

Figure 8. Records of H. arborea in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 8. Nalazi vrste H. arborea na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

be easily heard and recognized. However, we did not

Pelophylax esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758)

manage to record it, even after an intensive listening to

Two papers mention this species for the area of Neretva

their vocalization.

River. Werner (1904) mentions its presence in around Gabela (Fig. 9), while Dragobatović (2007) lists it as a

Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758)

member of amphibians present in the area. However, in

The reports for this species originates from few localities

the beginning of the 20th century, this kleptospecies was

already mentioned above, from the river delta toward

considered to be a subspecies of P. ridibundus, so it is

village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928) and Neretva in general

possible that Werner (1904) refers to P. ridibundus rather

(Dragobratović, 2007) (Fig. 8). We recorded it on two

than P. esculentus. In either case, its presence should be

localities, Kamp Rio, Opuzen and around the lake Modro

checked in the future.

oko. Generally, this species is common in the Mediterranean region, and with B. viridis, also one of

Koren et al.

Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) Only Karaman (1921) mentions this species for Prud, Neretva (Fig. 10). Hoverer, this species inhabits only the northern parts of Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, so its presence here is highly doubtful, and the record is probably result of misidentification with P. ridibundus.

Figure 11. Records of P. ridibundus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 11. Nalazi vrste P. ridibundus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Figure 9. Records of P. esculentus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 9. Nalazi vrste P. esculentus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze. Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) This is the commonest species of green frogs in whole Croatia. It is common also in the area of Neretva River. Literature records include Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Dragobratović, 2007) and from the river delta

Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1838 Only two records of R. dalmatina are known from the Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Dragobratović, 2007) (Fig. 12). This species predominately inhabits forests and wet grasslands, which are rare in the area. We recorded R. dalmatina in two new localities, Baćinska lakes and Modro oko. Only one individual per locality was recorded. This species can be regarded as rare member of Neretva river fauna.

toward village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928). We recorded this species in Blace, Modro oko and Sestrun, Rogotin. However, this species is common in the whole river. Local inhabitants use it as a gastronomic delicacy.

Figure 10. Records of P. lessonae in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 10. Nalazi vrste P. lessonae na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

Figure 12. Records of R. dalmatina in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 12. Nalazi vrste R. dalmatina na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)

Koren et al.

As with next species, this species is a marine animal,

from the river delta toward village Drežnice (Bolkay,

which only occasionally enters the brackish waters of the

1928),

river delta. It was historically recorded in the Neretva

(Schweiger, 2002) (Fig. 15). We recorded this species in

river delta (Bolkay, 1924; De Lucaet al., 1990; Lazar &

several localities: Lovorje, Baćinska lakes, Vrijaci,

Tvrtković, 2000) and in the brackish waters of the river

Žitomislići, Dubravica and Blace.

Čapljina

(Radovanović,

1941)

and

Ploče

delta (Lazar & Tvrtković, 2000) (Fig. 13).

Figure 13. Records of C. caretta in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 13. Nalazi vrste C. caretta na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze. Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) The only record of this marine turtle originates from, Šolić & Jukić, 1993, who recorded it in Neretva channel (Fig. 14).

Figure 15. Records of T. hermanni in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 15. Nalazi vrste T. hermanni na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Bolkay (1924) was the first who mentions the presence of this species in Metković. After that, it is mentioned in Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Fritz, 1992), the area from the river delta toward village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928) (Fig. 16). This freshwater species is probably present in all water channels in the area of Neretva river valley. Our only record originates from a water channel, near Blace. There we found, among dead and discarded fishes, an almost dead male E. orbicularis. The fishes and this terrapins were probably discarded as a side catch of hunting pot. After few hours this individual regained conscience and was released in the same locality. Hunting pots are commonly used by local inhabitants to

Figure 14. Records of C. mydas in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 14. Nalazi vrste C. mydas na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

catch eels and other fishes across Neretva river valley. They usually leave the hunting pots in the water for one or few days, and in that period they commonly catch terrapins as a side catch, which are usually die before the

Testudo hermanni (Batsch, 1788)

hunting pot is checked.

This species is moderately common on all karstic areas in Dalmatia as well as in lower Neretva valley. Literature records include Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928),

Koren et al.

Figure 16. Records of T. hermanni in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 16. Nalazi vrste T. hermanni na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Figure 17. Records of H. turcicus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 17. Nalazi vrste H. turcicus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) This is aside of Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758) the only gecko species present in Croatia. The presence of this species in Neretva river delta was first mentioned by Bolkay (1924) in his review of the herpetological collection stored in the Bosnia-Herzegovina museum in Sarajevo. Literature records include Gabela (Bolkay, 1928), Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928) and Opuzen (Bressi, 1999). We recorded it on two localities Blace and Kamp Rio (Fig. 17). On both localities it was common. Dalmatolacerta oxycephala Dumeril & Bibron, 1839 This is one of endemic lizard species that can be found Dalmatia. The literature records include Dračevo by

Figure 18. Records of D. oxycephala in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 18. Nalazi vrste D. oxycephala na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Metković (Werner, 1898; 1899), Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Fritz, 1992), the area from the river delta

Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758

toward village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928), Neretva spring

This species is common in northern Croatia, while in the

(Radovanović, 1957) and Metković (Pavletić, 1964). We

southern part it becomes more scarce and localized. In

recorded this species in several localities: Blace, Opuzen,

the area of Neretva River it was recorded only at

Baćinska lakes and Modro oko (Fig. 18). This is a

Dračevo by Metković (Werner, 1898, 1899, 1904) (Fig.

predominately karstic species, which commonly enters

19). During our survey we did not record this species. It

cities and villages, and can be easily found on stone

would be interesting to see if the population of this

walls. In the Neretva river valley is moderately common

species still exists at Dračevo, because it was last

in karstic habitats.

recorded 100 years ago (Werner, 1904).

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Podarcis melisellensis (Braun, 1877) This is the commonest lizard species in the area, historically recorded on many localities. The first literature record originates from Metković (Werner, 1905). Bolkay (1924) reports it from Karaotok, Hutovo Blato, and later (Bolkay, 1928) from Mogorjelo, near Čapljina, Čapljina, Neretva river valley Čapljina and the area from the river delta toward village Drežnice. Radovanović (1941) also mentions it for Čapljina, and Figure 19. Records of L. agilis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 19. Nalazi vrste L. agilis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

Bressi (1999) from the area of Neretva. We recorded it at Markote, Dubrovica, Kamp Rio near Opuzen, Blace, Vidonje, Lovorje, Trna, Baćinska lakes and Sestrun (Fig. 21).

Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886 From the three species of green lizards, L. trilineata is one of the largest lizard species present in the area. There are 6 literature records of this species: Hum by Metković (Bolkay, 1924), Neretva Valley (Bolkay, 1928; Bressi, 1999), area from the river delta toward village Drežnice (Bolkay, 1928) and Opuzen (Bressi, 1999) (Fig. 20). This species is very common in the area and present almost everywhere. We recorded it on following localities: Blace, Vidonje by Metković, Modro oko, Lovorje, Podgradina, Trn, Baćinska lakes and Sestrun by Rogotin.

Figure 21. Records of P. melisellensis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 21. Nalazi vrste P. melisellensis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) The wall lizard is widespread and moderately common in most parts of Croatia. The literature records include Metković (Werner, 1897), Dračevo by Metković (Werner, 1898; 1899), Čapljina (Boulenger, 1905) and Neretva river valley (Werner, 1905) (Fig. 22). We recorded this species at Trn, near Opuzen. As the last

Figure 20. Records of L. trilineata in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 20. Nalazi vrste L. trilineata na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

record is more than 100 years old (Werner, 1905) our record confirms that the species is still present in the area.

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1928), Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Bressi, 1999) and Neretva delta (Werner, 1905). We recorded it on many localities, including Blace, Čitluk, Kamp Rio near Opuzen, Komin, Krvavac, Vidonje, Vid, Modro oko, Lovorje, Trn, Baćinska lakes, Sestrun, Vrijaci, Tuštevac and Žitomislići (Fig. 24). What was surprising to us was the large number (>20) of juvenile specimens that we recorded in the area. Usually the adult’s are very common and juveniles and sub adults very rare. It is Figure 22. Records of P. muralis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 22. Nalazi vrste P. muralis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

common in the whole area.

Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 While very common in northern Croatia, this species is rare in Dalmatia. In the area of Neretva it was recorded from Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928; Bressi, 1999), Metković (Džukić, 1972) and Opuzen (Bressi, 1999) (Fig. 23). We spent a lot of time in the field searching for this species, but we did not confirm its presence in the area.

Figure 24. Records of P. apodus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 24. Nalazi vrste P. apodus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) The Montpellier Snake was first time mentioned by Bolkay (1924) for the area of Metković. Later, Bolkay (1928) mentions the records from Neretva river valley, from the delta toward Drežnice. This species is very common in the area, but it is only seldom spotted. The easiest way to record its presence is by surveying the roads for carcasses. We recorded it at Kamp Rio by

Figure 23. Records of A. fragilis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 23. Nalazi vrste A. fragilis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

Opuzen, Metković and Vlaka (Fig. 25). More than 20 specimens were found run over on the roads. All specimens were adults larger than 90 centimetres. And while this species is usually associated with karstic

Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775)

habitats, on Neretva it can be found everywhere.

The glass lizard is the largest lizard species in Croatia. In the spring time it can be encountered almost everywhere. However, only a small number of literature records exist: from the river delta toward village Drežnice (Bolkay,

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Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) As well as N. natrix this area is quite suitable for N. tessellata. This species was recorded in Neretva river valley (Kolombatović, 1882; Werner, 1897; Bolkay, 1928), in the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) and Baćinska lakes (Janev-Hutinec &Mebert, 2011) (Fig. 27). During our survey we observed this species on many localities including Vidonje, Kamp Rio by Opuzen, Blace, Modro oko, Figure 25. Records of M. insignitus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 25. Nalazi vrste M. insignitus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Baćinska lakes, Trn and Vid. This is the commonest snake in the area, and many specimens (>30) were seen dead on road.

Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) With many water habitats, including rivers, streams and channels, the area of Neretva represents an ideal habitat for water snakes. Literature records include Metković (Bolkay, 1924), Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928), in the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) and Baćinska lakes (Janev-Hutinec & Mebert, 2011). We recorded this species at Kamp Rio by Opuzen, Vidonje, Vid, Modro oko, Blace, Rogotin and Sestrun (Fig. 26).

Figure 27. Records of N. tessellata in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 27. Nalazi vrste N. tessellata na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768 This species is very secretive and sometimes it is one of last species recorded in the area (Jelić, 2010; Hill, 2008). Few records exist for the area of Neretva: Dračevo by Metković (Werner, 1898; 1899), Neretva valley (Bolkay, 1928) and in the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) (Fig. 28). We did not confirm the

Figure 26. Records of N. natrix in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 26. Nalazi vrste N. natrix na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

occurrence of this rare species in the area. Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790) This is probably one of the largest, but also timid snakes of Croatia. It inhabits the Mediterranean part of the country, including the Neretva river valley. There are several literature records of this species for the area: Neretva river valley (Werner, 1897; Bolkay, 1928),

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Bračevac by Opuzen (Bolkay, 1924), Vid by Metković

specimens, in localities Blace, Vidonje, Modro oko,

(Bolkay, 1924) and the area from Drežnice village

Blace, Baćinska lakes and Vrijaci (Fig. 30). It is common

toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) (Fig. 29). We searched

in the area of Neretva.

for this species in many favourable habitats, but were able to record only a single juvenile individual near the village Bara.

Figure 28. Records of C. austriaca in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 28. Nalazi vrste C. austriaca na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze.

Figure 30. Records of H. gemonensis in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 30. Nalazi vrste H. gemonensis na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) This species is very rarely encountered due to its slender body and great speed. Literature records include Neretva river valley (Werner, 1897; Bolkay, 1928) and the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928). We did not manage to find any live specimens, but did find one run over male at Tuštevac village (Fig. 31). This species is probably present only on the karstic habitats in the area. Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831)

Figure 29. Records of E. quatuorlineata in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 29. Nalazi vrste E. quatuorlineata na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze. Hierophis gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) This is probably the commonest snake in whole Dalmatia. Many literature records exist, including Metković (Bolkay, 1924), Vid by Metković (Bolkay, 1924), Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928), the area from

This is the only species of snakes that is predominately active in the evening and during the night. Literature records include Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928) and the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) (Fig. 32). The simplest way to record this species is to drive around by car in the evenings and during the night. In this way we searched almost whole areas, especially the roads from Ploče toward Rogotin and Opuzen, but did not manage to confirm its presence in the area.

Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) and Čapljina (Radovanović, 1941). We encountered many

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Figure 31. Records of P. najadum in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 31. Nalazi vrste P. najadum na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Figure 33.Records of Z. longissimus in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 33. Nalazi vrste Z. longissimus na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768)

Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)

This is one of few snake species that can be commonly

From three poisonous snakes that are present in Croatia,

found in the forests. Only three literature records exist

this is the only one present in the area. Literature records

for this species Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928) and

include Metković (Werner, 1897; Bolkay, 1924), the area

the area from Drežnice village toward river delta

from the river delta toward village Drežnice (Bolkay,

(Bolkay, 1928). We recorded it on three new localities:

1928), Neretva valley (Bolkay, 1928) and Baračevac

Modro oko, Vid, and Baćinska lakes (Fig. 33).

Island by Opuzen (Bolkay & Ćurčić, 1933). We recorded this species in three localities Vid, Modro oko and Blace. While the horned viper is present in the area, it is not common as in other parts of Dalmatia.

Figure 32. Records of T. fallax in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records. Slika 32. Nalazi vrste T. fallax na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze. Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) The leopard snake was recorded on two localities: Neretva river valley (Bolkay, 1928) and the area from Drežnice village toward river delta (Bolkay, 1928) (Fig.

Figure 34. Records of Z. situla in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 34. Nalazi vrste Z. situla na području rijeke Neretve. Bijele točke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne točke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

34). We recorded this species only on single locality, Baćinska lakes.

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DISCUSSION The data collected during our field trips can be divided in two periods: spring time (April-May) and summer period (July-August). This is very important because the activity especially of reptiles vary greatly in the Mediterranean regions in different seasons. While in the spring, the temperatures are not so high, and the animals are more active, in the summer times the temperatures are very high, and most of the species are not active at all Figure 35. Records of V. ammodytes in the area of Neretva River. White dots represent literature records, black dots represent new records. Slika 35. Nalazi vrste V. ammodytes na podruÄ?ju rijeke Neretve. Bijele toÄ?ke predstavljaju literaturne nalaze, crne toÄ?ke predstavljaju nove nalaze.

during the day. This can be clearly seen when a comparison between these two periods is done, bearing in mind that the hunting effort was more or less the same over both periods. In the spring time, we managed to record 20 species, while in the summer period only 11 species were recorded. The number of recorded specimens was also very different in both periods (Fig. 36).

Figure 36. Differences in the spring and summer amphibians and reptiles fauna of Neretva River Slika 36. Razlike u proljetnoj i ljetnoj fauni vodozemaca i gmazova rijeke Neretve.

From 21 recorded species during this survey, 18 are

records add another 13 species to the list. With a total of

listed in the IUCN Red list, 4 as Near Threatened and 14

34 recorded species, which is 58% of herpetofauna of

as Least Concern. In the Croatian Red List (Janev-

Croatia.

Hutinec et al., 2006) only 6 species are listed of which 4 as Near Threatened and two as Data Deficient. Literature

The lowland area of the Neretva river is characterized by a large amount of water, which includes rivers, streams,

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canals, ponds and lakes. This represents ideal habitats for

habitats (small hills surrounding the river). Such habitats,

amphibian species. Most literature data about this region

due to their extremely rocky structure, were in the past

is older than 50 years, so it is not suitable for

used for pasture. The stone walls, which are still visible

conservation purposes. According to Dragobratović

on the surrounding hills, were in the past used as cattle

(2007) the amphibian fauna of Neretva river consists of

pens, but nowadays they are mostly abandoned, and left

10 species, but he did not take into consideration the

for succession (e.g. the area around Blace, and Rogotin).

record of P. lessonae (Karaman, 1921). Unfortunately,

Nowadays such habitats are also used for agriculture,

the author only states that the list was compiled from

after they have been transformed, especially using heavy

literature data and personal observations, but without any

machinery to grind rocks. We did not observe such

cited literature. During our survey we recorded only 4

habitat degradation in the area of Neretva, but in other

species, which is more than insufficient, but this can be

parts of Dalmatia it is becoming to be more common

explained by the nonsystematic surveys of water bodies.

every day.

Our survey was generally done in karstic habitats, due to the high anthropogenic impact of the rivers surroundings.

CONCLUSIONS

Until now no checklist of the reptiles of the area existed,

Neretva River represents a unique area, with two habitat

and a total of 34 species shows the high diversity of the

types merging into an area of great biodiversity. From 21

area.

species recorded during this survey, 18 are listed in the IUCN Red list, 4 as Near Threatened and 14 as Least Concern. In the Croatian Red List (Janev-Hutinec et al.,

CONSERVATION NOTES While in the past lower Neretva Valley was a place full of biodiversity, nowadays it is under a strong anthropogenic influence. The delta itself, with the surface area of 120 km2, is a wetland area protected by the Ramsar Convention. The melioration of this area began long in the past, but the most intensive process which modelled the today’s delta was done in the period between the years 1950-1980. Nowadays, most of the area is covered in different kinds of plantations,

2006) only 6 species are listed of which 4 as Near Threatened and two as Data Deficient. With additional 13 species recorded, a total of 34 species are recorded in the area, which represents 58% of herpetofauna of Croatia. With such high number this area is one of the hotspots of the amphibian and reptile diversity in Croatia. In the future it will be of a critical importance to conserve still remaining wetland habitats, such as Baćinska lakes and Modro oko, as well as surrounding karstic habitats.

including apples, peaches and different kinds of citruses. All the landscape is crisscrossed with water channels which local people use to access their plantations. With

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

such an intensive agriculture, a great amount of

We are very grateful to all members of the student

pesticides is used in the area, which for sure has a great

organizations Biodiva and Društvo študentov biologije

negative impact on the biodiversity, especially on the

who helped with the field work and data collecting.

amphibians. This may also be the reason for such low number of observed species and specimens. Also, a high observed number of road kills, especially snakes (M. insignitus, N. tessellata) are due to have a signification impact to their populations. Such conditions are far from favourable for both amphibians and reptiles. The situation is much better in the surrounding karstic

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WERNER, F. (1899): Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Reptilien - und Batrachierfauna der Balkanhalbinsel. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Herzegowina 6: 817-841. WERNER, F. (1904): Drugi prilog poznavanju faune reptilija i batrahija Bosne i Hercgovnine. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 16: 499511. WERNER, F. (1905): Die Eidechsen Dalmatiens. lätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Freunde 16 (7): 64-66; 16 (8): 73-74.

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Appendix I. Systematic list of amphibians and reptiles in the area of Neretva River, along with their IUCN and Croatian Red List statuses, and the literature citations for each species. Prilog I. Sistematski popis vodozemaca i gmazova područja rijeke Neretve, zajedno sa njihovim kategorijama prema IUCN-u i Crvenoj knjizi gmazova i vodozemaca Hrvatske te popisom literaturnih navoda za područje Neretve. Species list Amphibia 1. Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) 2. Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) 3. Proteus anguineus Laurenti, 1768 4. Bombina variegate (Linnaeus, 1758) 5. Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) 6. Bufo viridis(Laurenti, 1768) 7. Hyla arborea(Linnaeus, 1758) 8. Pelophylax esculentus(Linnaeus, 1758) 9. Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) 10. Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) 11. Rana dalmatinaFitzinger& Bonaparte, 1838 REPTILIA 1. Caretta caretta(Linnaeus, 1758) 2. Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) 3. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 4. Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 5. Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 6. Dalmatolacerta oxycephalaDumeril & Bibron, 1839 7. Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 8. Lacerta trilineataBedriaga, 1886 9. Podarcis melisellensis (Braun, 1877) 10. Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768) 11. Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 12. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) 13. Malpolon insignitus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827) 14. Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) 15. Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) 16. Coronella austriacaLaurenti, 1768 17. Elaphe quatuorlineata(Bonnaterre, 1790) 18. Hierophis gemonensis(Laurenti, 1768) 19. Platyceps najadum (Eichwald, 1831) 20. Telescopus fallax (Fleischmann, 1831) 21. Zamenis longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) 22. Zamenis situla (Linnaeus, 1758) 23. Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)

IUCN

Croatia

References

LC LC VU / LC / LC LC LC / LC

EN / VU DD / / NT / I / /

BOLKAY, 1925, 1928; SCHMIDTLER, 1983; KRIZMANIĆ, 1997; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007 BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007 KOLOMBRATOVIĆ, 1882; KLETEČKI ET AL., 1996; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007; WERNER, 1899; BRUSINA, 1908; BOLKAY, 1928 BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007 BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007; this survey BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007 BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007; this survey WERNER, 1904; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007 KARAMAN, 1921 BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007; this survey BOLKAY, 1928; DRAGOBRATOVIĆ, 2007; this survey

EN EN NT NT LC NT LC LC LC LC / LC / LC LC / NT LC / LC LC LC LC

EN CR NT NT / / / / NT / / / / / DD / / / / / / DD /

BOLKAY, 1924; DE LUCA ET AL., 1990; LAZAR & TVRTKOVIĆ, 2000 ŠOLIĆ&JUKIĆ, 1993 BOLKAY, 1928;RADOVANOVIĆ, 1941; SCHWEIGER, 2002; this survey BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; FRITZ, 1992; this survey BOLKAY, 1924,1928; BRESSI, 1999; this survey WERNER, 1898; 1899; BOLKAY, 1928; FRITZ, 1992;RADOVANOVIĆ, 1957; PAVLETIĆ, 1964; this survey WERNER, 1898, 1899, 1904 BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; BRESSI, 1999; this survey WERNER, 1905;BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; RADOVANOVIĆ, 1941; BRESSI, 1999; this survey WERNER, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1905; BOULENGER, 1905; this survey BOLKAY, 1928; BRESSI, 1999; DŽUKIĆ, 1972; BOLKAY, 1928; BRESSI, 1999; WERNER, 1905; this survey BOLKAY,1924, 1928; this survey BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; JANEV-HUTINEC &MEBERT, 2011; this survey KOLOMBATOVIĆ, 1882; WERNER, 1897; BOLKAY, 1928; JANEV-HUTINEC &MEBERT, 2011; this survey WERNER, 1898; 1899; BOLKAY, 1928 WERNER, 1897; BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; this survey BOLKAY, 1924, 1928; RADOVANOVIĆ, 1941; this survey WERNER, 1897; BOLKAY, 1928; this survey BOLKAY, 1928 BOLKAY, 1928; this survey BOLKAY, 1928; this survey WERNER, 1897; BOLKAY, 1920, 1924, 1928; BOLKAYI & ĆURČIĆ, 1933; this survey

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.41 - 42 ISSN: 1848-2007

Photo note

Introduced fish Ameiurus nebulosus (LE SUEUR, 1819): hazard to the Grass snake, Natrix natrix (LAURENTI, 1768) Introducirana vrsta Ameiurus nebulosus (LE SUEUR, 1819): opasnost za bjeloušku, Natrix natrix (LAURENTI, 1768) GORAN ŠUKALO1, SONJA ĐORĐEVIĆ2,3, DEJAN DMITROVIĆ1, LJILJANA TOMOVIĆ2,3 1

Faculty of Science, University of Banja Luka, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska,

Bosnia and Herzegovina, sukalogoran@yahoo.com 2

Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142,

11000 Belgrade, Serbia On April 2nd 2012, in the marsh ecosystem known as

2005) and the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Bardača (45˚04' N, 17˚24' E, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia

(ALARCOS

and Herzegovina), in a channel used for water discharge

Natrix natrix; the closely related N. tessellata often

from the Rakitovac lake, unusually large numbers of fish

occupies the same habitats, therefore we expect to reveal

were observed. The fish presumably got caught in the

feeding on bullheads and other alien species in the dice

channel due to rapid lowering of the water level. The

snake as well.

ET AL.,

2009). The data we present consider

prevalent species was the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) belonging to the Ictaluridae family, which is non-indigenous (allochthonous) in the Balkans. Along

REFRENCES

the channel several grass snakes (Natrix natrix) were

ALARCOS, G., ÁLVAREZ-COLLADO, F., FLECHOSO, M. F.,

found, some of which had a body wall pierced at various

MADRIGAL, J., & LIZANA, M. (2009): Peces exóticos

positions (Fig. 1). The damage was inflicted by the stiff

de la familia Centrarchidae, un peligro para Natrix

spiny rays of the dorsal and pectoral fins of the bullhead,

maura. Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica

fed on by grass snakes. One of the snakes succumbed to

Española 20: 95-97.

these injuries (Fig 1. b, c). Injuries resembling the ones

MILLS, M.S. (2002): Ecology and life history of the

described here were documented for the North American

brown water snake (Nerodia taxispilota). PhD

snake Nerodia taxispilota, caused also by native catfish

dissertation. University of Georgia.

from the Ictaluridae family (MILLS, 2002). Lethal

SANTOS,

GARCÍA-CARDENETE,

(2005):

outcome was also recorded in viperine water snake,

ntroducción de peces en ríos de la Cuenca

Natrix maura in Spain, resulting from the ingestion of

mediterránea: una amenaza para sus depredadores.

two allochthonous fishes – pumpkinseed sunfish

Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 16:

(Lepomis gibbosus) (SANTOS & GARCÍA-CARDENETE,

50-51.

Šukalo et al.

Figure 1. Grass snake injuries in various parts of the body as a consequence of ingesting the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus: a) live specimen with bullhead in its belly, b) & c) specimen found dead with bullhead in mouth Slika 1. Ozljede različitih dijelova tijela kod bjelouške, kao posljedica gutanja američkog somića, Ameiurus nebulosus: a) živi primjerak sa somićem u trbuhu, b) & c) primjerak pronađen mrtav sa somićem u ustima

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.43 - 44 ISSN: 1848-2007

Photo Note

Colour abnormalities in Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768) in Croatia Neuobičajena obojenja kod Coronella austriaca (Laurenti, 1768) u Hrvatskoj BORIS LAUŠ1, IVONA BURIĆ1 1

Croatian Herpetological Society HYLA, Prva Breznička 5a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, boris.laus.pmf@gmail.com; ivona.burich@gmail.com

Production of colour in reptiles depends on cells called chromatophores. There are four kinds of chromatophores in the skin: melanophores for black, erythrophores for red, xanthophores for yellow and iridophores, which do not contain true pigment, and are in fact reflectve cells that produce white when it reflects incident light. They also account for other colours such as blue and khaki (Bechtel, 1978). Abnormalities may occur during chromatogenesis, resulting in the absence of some pigments. Such abnormalities are well known in European Viperinae (Krecsak, 2008), but are also reported for some species of European Colubridae. The Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) is one of those species, with just a few observed cases of colour abnormalities: a case of melanism (Pernetta & Reading, 2009), partial albinism (Lenders, 1989), lutinism or leucism (Niebergall, 2008) and albinism (Happ, 1994). Here we present two recorded cases of genetic discolouration in Smooth snakes from Croatia: presumably anerythristic (Fig. 1a) and presumably hypomelanistic (Fig. 1b). Hypomelanism stands for the reduction of dark pigment - melanin, and anerythrism signifies absence of red pigment. The hypomelanistic Smooth snake was observed in July 2012, at Tijarica Donja, Dalmatia (X: 5652863, Y: 4830212), and the anerythristic Smooth snake in April 2009, at Stubičke Toplice, Hrvatsko zagorje. For comparison, we present two specimens of common colouration (Fig. 1c, from April 2009, Grmošćica (Zagreb), and 1d, from August 2010, Mt Poštak).

REFERENCES Bechtel, H. B. (1978): Color and pattern in snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology 12, 521532. Happ, F. (1994): Fund einer Albino-Schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca austriaca Laurenti, 1768) auf dem Magdalensberg in Kärnten. Carinthia II, 184(104): 123-129. Krecsak, L. (2008): Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15 (2): 97-102. Lenders, A.J.W. (1989): Partieel Albinisme bij een Gladde Slang (Coronella austriaca Laur.). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad 78/6: 102-103. Niebergall,P. (2008): Fund einer lutinistischen Schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca, Lauf). Elaphe 16 (3): 62-63 Pernetta, A.P., Reading , C.J. (2009): Observations of two melanistic smooth snakes (Coronella austriaca) from Dorset, United Kingdom. Acta Herpetologica: 109-112.

Lauš et al.

Figure 1. Smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) (a) anerythristic (author: Tihana Kralj), (b) hypomelanistic, (c) common colouration, (d) common colouration (author: Boris Lauš) Slika 1. Smukulja (Coronella austriaca) (a) aneritristična (autor: Tihana Kralj), (b) hipomelanistična, (c) uobičajena obojenost, (d) uobičajena obojenost (autor: Boris Lauš)

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.45 - 46 ISSN: 1848-2007

Photo Note

A case of cannibalism in European Glass Lizard, Pseudopus apodus Slučaj kanibalizma kod blavora, Pseudopus apodus

DUJE LISIČIĆ1, PAULA POČANIĆ1, VANJA LOVRIĆ, 1 LORENA DEREŽANIN1, ZORAN TADIĆ1 1

Department of Animal Physiology, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, corresponding author: dujelisicic@gmail.com

Praying on conspecific may be more than obtaining one more meal. There are different explanations for this

REFERENCES:

behaviour, and, additionally, cannibalism may have

Arnold, E. N., Ovenden, D. (2002): A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins, London. Çiçek, K., TayhaN, Y., Hayretdağ, Ayaz, D., Tok, C.V. (2011): A case of cannibalism behaviour in Slow worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) in Turkey. Biharean Biologist 5 (1): 76-77. Lisičić, D., Počanić, P., Lovrić, V., Derežanin, L., Tadić, Z. (2011): A case of cannibalism in Hierophis gemonensis: preying on conspecific adult. Hyla, 2: 35-36. Engeman, R. M., Rodda, G. H., Rodriguez, D. V., Linnell, M. A. (1996): Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) cannibalism. The Snake 27: 149-152. Pough, F. H., Andrews, R. M., Cadle, J. E., Crump, M. L., Savitzky, A. H., Wells, K. D. (2001): Herpetology, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New Jersey.

negative effects (Pough et al., 2001). Cannibalism is documented for other reptile species (Engeman et al., 1996, Çiçek et al., 2011 Lisičić et al. 2011), but it is not reported for Pseudopus apodus. Normal diet of this lizard consists of different invertebrates and occasionally vertebrates (Arnold & Ovenden, 2002). In this short report we present cannibalistic behaviour observed in P. apodus. During field work in vicinity of Split, Croatia, on May 22th, 2011 we found adult female of P. apodus laying in the meadow, partially hidden between 30 cm tall grass, 2 m from nearest bush, with conspecific juvenile protruding from its mouth (43°32’N; 16°31’ E). It was 18:45 PM, clouded, with no wind. We measured animals and habitat characteristics before realising female to nearby bush (Table 1).

Table 1. Some body dimensions, body and air temperature of reported finding of cannibalistic behaviour in P. apodus. Tablica 1. Tjelesne mjere, tjelesne temperature i temperature zraka zabilježene tijekom opažanja kanibalizma kod P. apodus. Individual BL SVL Weight Mouth width Max. body width Body temp. Air temp (cm) (cm) (g) (mm) (mm) °C °C Adult female 87.4 33.9 275 17.67 20.74 25 22.4 (Predator) Juvenile 51.2 17.5 27.6 / 13.7 / / (Pray)

Lisicic et al.

Figure 1. Pseudopus apodus feeding on conspecific juvenile (photo by Duje Lisičić) Slika 1. Pseudopus apodus se hrani mladom jedinkom iste vrste (slikao Duje Lisičić)

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.47- 48 ISSN: 1848-2007

Photo note

Yellow spotted belly in Fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) Žute pjege na trbuhu kod pjegavog daždevnjaka, Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758)

IVANA SUČIĆ1, BENNY TRAPP 2, MLADEN ZADRAVEC1, GORAN ŠUKALO3, DUŠAN JELIĆ 1 1

Croatian Herpetological Society HYLA, Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, corresponding

author: ivana.sucic06@gmail.com 2

Kieler Strasse 29a, 42107 Wuppertal, Germany

Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Banja Luka, Mladena

Stojanovića 2, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Fire salamander is widely distributed resident

November 2009; 45.890963°N, 15.947855°E; Fig. 1b),

species (Janev-Hutinec et al. 2006). It is most commonly

Vugrovec (3 March 2009; 45.894280°N, 16.096632°E)

found in cool and humid deciduous forests, rarely in

and

coniferous woods, often close to streams, but also in

16.188687°E; Fig. 1.c). All localities are near Zagreb.

more open landscapes like meadows or even in towns

Individual found in Turopolje had a whole variety of dot

(Arnold, 2004; Kwet, 2009). The species shows

color from white-yellow to reddish (Fig. 1.c). During a

considerable variation in color and skin pattern. Size,

long term research preformed in Bosnia and Herzegovina

shape and number of bright markings vary considerably

by one of the authors (G.S.), frequency of mutation

even within populations. Salamanders from the Balkans

occurrence in two populations near Banja Luka, was

and eastern Europe to the Alps usually have a pattern of

recorded.

irregular orange or yellow spots. These spots are usually

44.718234°N, 17.229919°E) population 28 out of 100

irregularly distributed over the dorsal and lateral sides,

(28%) individuals had spots on belly and in Banj Brdo

but rarely on the ventral side (Hutchins & Duellman

(2011-2012; 44.761040°N, 17.284116°E) population 27

2003). Arnold (2004) and Kwet (2009) refer that belly

out of 70 (39%). Only white and yellow spots were

can be entirely black to grey or weakly spotted yellow

recorded.

but they do not indicate for which subspecies or geographic

area

this

refers

to.

Thiesmeier

Grossenbacher (2003) indicate that S. s. salamandra has north to southeast decreasing yellow body mottling at sides and bottom side. No percentage of occurrences of this variation is given in any of the literature. Specimens of Fire salamander with yellow spotted belly were found individually in Croatia: Medvednica (13 April 2008; 45.906575°N, 15.990340°E; Fig. 1a; and 7

Turopolje

April

village

2011;

Prijakovci

45.625319°N,

(2011-2012;

REFRENCES Janev Hutinec, B., Kletečki, E., Lazar, B., Podnar Lešić, M., Skejić, J., Tadić, Z. & Tvrtković, N. (2006): Red book of Amphibians and Reptiles of Croatia. Ministry of Culture, State Institute for Nature Protection, Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, 95 pp. Thiesmeier, B. & Grossenbacher, K. (2003): Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) – Fauersalamander, pp. 1059-1132. In: Thiesmeier, B. & Grossenbacher, K. (Eds.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien

Lauš et al.

Europas. B Band 4/IIB; Schwanzlurche S e (Urodela) IIIB. AULA-Verrlag, Kwet, K A. (20009): New Hoolland Europeean Reptile aand Amphibiann Guide. New Holland Publishers, UK, ppp. 20-23.

Arnold, A N. (20 004): A fieldd guide to th he reptiles annd amphibians of Britain aand Europe. Harper Collinns Publishers, London, pp. 330-32. Hutchins, M. & Duellman,, W. E. (200 03): Grzimekk’s Animal Liffe Encyclopeddia: Amphibians. Edition 2, Volume 6, Gale, G pp. 507..

Figure F 1. Speccimens of yelllow spotted bellied b Fire saalamander (Sa alamandra sallamandra) froom Medvedniica (a & b) annd Turopolje ((Croatia) (c), and a specimen with normallly black coloreed belly for co omparison (d)) Slika S 1. Nalazii jedinki pjegaavog daždevnjjaka (Salamanndra salamandra) sa žuto obojenim o pjeggama na trbuhu u s Medvednicce (a i b) i Turropolja (Croattia) (c) te jedin nka s crno oboojenim trbuho om za uspored dbu (d)

4 48

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2, Str.49 - 50 ISSN: 1848-2007

Student Thesis Summary

Analysis of Prevalence and Characteristics of Venomous Snakebites in Croatia

Student: IVA MIHALIĆ, Milovana Kovačevića 17, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, iva.mihalic1@gmail.com Supervisor: Doc. dr. sc. ZORAN TADIĆ, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Date and place: February 23rd 2011, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb

This retrospective analysis was made in order to

Analysis determined that of 61 reported bites 48

determine level of threat venomous snakes pose to

were by venomous snakes - 15 by Vipera

people within chosen counties and to see whether

ammodytes, 18 by Vipera berus (ssp. bosniensis), 5

current trends in prevention and treatment of

by Vipera berus and for 10 cases we weren’t able

snakebites are appropriate. We obtained 61 medical

to determine whether it was V. ammodytes or V.

release papers from hospitals “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”

berus (ssp. bosniensis). Majority of patients were

(Zagreb – City of Zagreb and Zagreb county) and

men under forty who were probably carrying out

“Dr. Josip Benčević” (Slavonski Brod – Brodsko-

some form of rural activity at the time of the attack.

posavska county) taken in period from 1998 to

That thesis was confirmed with the fact that hands

2008. Data was sorted based on several criteria –

and arms were places where most bites occurred.

sex and age of the patient, location of bite, locality,

Greatest number of snakebites took place during

time needed to get to the hospital, existence of self-

warm periods of year (June-August) when activities

administered first-aid or aid administered by a

of people and snakes often overlap. Lack of unified

doctor prior to getting to the hospital, time spent in

medical procedure is visible in the fact that there

hospital, what might have caused the bite, types of

were not two cases in which patients got the same

local reaction (pain, swelling, redness), physical

treatment even if symptoms were similar and all

symptoms

nausea,

cases (no matter how severe) were transferred to

sweating, feebleness, paleness, tingling, elevated

hospitals instead of remaining in the jurisdiction of

temperature),

(fear,

a local clinic. Cases of poisoning were mostly mild

shock) and therapy administered in the hospital. In

with no deaths, symptoms were mostly external and

the initial batch of data, we’ve taken into account

there were no long-term consequences for the

all cases of bites but in final analysis we used only

patients. Study showed that although snakes pose a

those that were determined to be caused by snakes.

certain threat it is by no means as big as it is

To evaluate severity of snakebites we used

sometimes proposed. There is a continual need for

modified Poisoning Severity Score taken from

further education of people and medical personnel

MALINA

(hyperventilation,

ET.

psychological

vertigo, symptoms

(2010) where we excluded

categories for which we couldn’t provide data.

and revision of current treatment practices and/or devising new protocols.

Mihalić

Analiza pojavnosti i značajki ugriza zmija otrovnica u Hrvatskoj

Student: IVA MIHALIĆ, Milovana Kovačevića 17, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, iva.mihalic1@gmail.com Voditelj: Doc. dr. sc. ZORAN TADIĆ, Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska Datum i mjesto: 23.02.2011., Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Ciljevi ove retrospektivne analize su bili određivanje

kategorije za koje nismo imali podatke. Analizom je

razine prijetnje koju predstavljaju otrovnice u odabranim

utvrđeno 61 slučaj ugriza od kojih je za 15 odgovorna

županijama i provjeriti koliko su primjereni trenutni

vrsta Vipera ammodytes, za 18 Vipera berus (ssp.

trendovi u prevenciji i obradi zmijskih ugriza. Korišteno

bosniensis), 5 Vipera berus a u 10 slučajeva nismo mogli

je 61 otpusno pismo dobiveno iz KIB “Dr. Fran

odrediti o kojoj se otrovnici radi. Dob većine pacijenata

Mihaljević” u iz Zagreba i opće bolnice “Dr. Josip

je ispod 40 godina koji su se vjerojatno bavili nekim

Benčević” iz Slavonskog Broda u razdoblju od 1998. do

oblikom ruralne aktivnosti prije zadobivanja ozljede. Tu

2008. Podaci su potom razvrstani po nekoliko kriterija –

tezu potvrđuje činjenica da su ruke i šake najčešća mjesta

spolu i dobi pacijenta, mjestu ugriza i lokalitetu,

ugriza. Većina ugriza je zadobivena tokom ljetnog doba

vremenu

godine (lipanj do kolovoza) kada se aktivnosti ljudi i

potrebnom

hospitalizaciju,

postojanju

samopomoći ili liječničke pomoći prije dolaska u

zmija

bolnicu,vremenu provedenom u bolnici, uzročniku

procedure je vidljiv se vidi u drugačijem pristupu

ugriza, postojanju lokalne reakcije (bol, oteklina,

tretiranja ugriza neovisno o sličnosti slučaja. Također su

crvenilo),

disanje,

svi slučajevi bili prebačeni u bolnice iako to možda nije

vrtoglavica, mučnina, znojenje, tjelesna slabost, bljedilo,

bilo potrebno. Slučajevi se mogu karakterizirati srednje

trnci, povišena temperatura), psiholoških simptoma

teški sa većinom vanjskim simptomima, bez ijednog

(strah, šok) i oblik liječničke pomoći. U prvom koraku

smrtnog slučaja i bez dalekosežnih posljedica po

analize su uzeti u obzir svi ugrizi dok su u rezultatima

pacijenta. Time je pokazano da iako zmije predstavljaju

uzeti samo oni za koje se utvrdilo da su dobiveni od

opasnost, ona nije toliko velika kao što se ponekad

zmija.

smo

predstavlja. No i dalje je potrebna dodatna edukacija

modificirani stupanj težine otrovanja (Poisoning Severity

ljudi i medicinskog osoblja te prilagođavanje i/ili izrada

Score,

fizičkih

simptoma

procjenu

MALINA I SUR.

težine

(ubrzano

ugriza

koristili

(2010.)) gdje smo isključili

često

preklapaju.

Manjak

standardizirane

novih protokola za slučajeve ugriza.

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Upute autorima (ver. 2013.) Rukopisi moraju biti dostavljeni isključivo u elektronskom obliku (na e-mail: jelic.dusan@gmail.com), kao i originalne slike i tablice. Tekst rukopisa treba biti u formatu

MS-Word, font Times New Roman veličine slova 12, bez fusnota, s 1,5 proredom na A4 (210 x 297 mm) papiru s marginama od najmanje 25 mm na svakoj strani. Sve stranice trebaju biti numerirane u donjem desnom kutu. Za sve vrste radova, naslov stranice mora sadržavati samo sljedeće: naslov rada (podebljan); ime(na) autora (u SMALL CAPS); adresu ustanove u kojoj je rad napravljen te adresu e-pošte autora za korespondenciju (veličine slova 10). Naslov treba biti sažeta i informativna sinteza istraživanja. Gdje je prikladno treba spomenuti porodicu ili višu svojtu - Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata, Lacertidae). - Izvorni znanstveni rad - treba sadržavati sažetak, uvod, materijale i metode, rezultate, raspravu i literaturu (vidi primjer rukopisa dolje). - Kratko priopćenje - općenito manje od četiri-pet stranica rukopisa koje su napisane kao kontinuirani tekst sa sažetakom na početku s najviše 150 riječi. - Slikovno priopćenje - izvješće o zanimljivim nalazima uhvaćenim na fotografiji i objašnjeno s najviše 150 riječi teksta. Moguće je objaviti jednu ili više fotografija. - Sažetak o vrsti - sažetak o trenutno poznatim podacima o određenoj vrsti (treba uključiti distribuciju, ekologiju, ponašanje i pregled literature) Literatura koja se citira treba biti napisana kako slijedi u tekstu, na sljedeći način: (Pianka 1989, Huey & Pianka 1981, Haydon et al. 1997). Literatura koja se u tekstu navodi zajedno treba biti napisana kronološki. Svi radovi navedeni u tekstu trebaju biti navedeni u popisu literature. Literaturu "u tisku" treba navesti samo onda kada je prihvaćena za tisak. Imena osoba koje su ustupile neobjavljene informacije trebaju biti citirana kao u primjeru: “(Andersson, Stockholm, pers. comm. 2005)”. U popisu literature pod naslovom Literatura autore navodimo po abecednom redu te po datumu objave publikacije kod jednog autora. Imena časopisa i serija moraju biti napisani u potpunosti. Literaturu citirajte na sljedeći način:

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Haydon, D.T., Crother, B.I. & Pianka. E.R. (1994): New directions in biogeography? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 403-406. Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1995): Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman & co, New York. Huey, R.B. & Pianka, E.R. (1983): Temporal separation of activity and interspecific dietary overlap (with an Appendix by S. L. Pimm). pp. 281-296. In Huey, R.B.,. Pianka, E.R., Schoener T.W. (eds.) Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Harvard University Press. IUCN (2010): Global Mammal Asessement. IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature, <http://www.iucn.com> . Pristupljeno 21. siječnja 2010.

Svaki rad pregledati će 1-2 nezavisna recenzenta.

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Naslov koji sažeto opisuje sadržaj rada

IME PREZIME1, IME PREZIME *2 1

Ime institucije, Radučka 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, vaš.mail@mail.hr 2

Ime institucije, Heinzlova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Sažetak: Sažetak treba biti jasan, pregledan i ne duži od 300 riječi, treba objediniti ključne rezultate i zaključke. Također treba uključiti četiri do pet ključnih riječi. Ključne riječi: četiri, pet, ključna riječ, uključen

UVOD U uvodu treba staviti jezgrovit opis pozadine (problema), s logičkom podlogom, svrhom i konkretnim ciljevima rada. Očekuje se dobra literaturna podloga, ako postoji.

MATERIJALI

METODE

Materijali i metode trebaju pružiti dostatne informacije da bi se dozvolilo ponavljanje eksperimenta i/ili terenskog rada. Tehnički opis metoda istraživanja je poželjan samo ako se radi o novim ili važnim metodama za razumijevanje rezultata.

REZULTATI Ovaj dio mora sadržavati precizno predstavljanje rezultata istraživanja. Izbjegavajte predstavljanje istih informacija kao teksta i/ili prikaza i/ili tablice. Ovdje ubacite tekst, tablice i ilustracije. Za svaku ilustraciju potrebno je napisati referencu u tekstu. Također, spremite, priložite i pošaljite vaše ilustracije zasebno, koristeći naziv datoteke TablicaBr.ekstenzija (npr. Tab-1 korelacija SVL i mase kod ženki Lacerta vivipara.tiff).

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Objašnjenje tablica, grafikona i slika treba staviti u legendu, koristeći Times New Roman font, veličina 10. Objašnjenja za tablice pišu se iznad, lijevo poravnata, a objašnjenja slika i grafikona pišu se ispod, centrirano poravnata. Tablica 1. Kratak naslov razumljiv sam po sebi (Times New Roman 10) no dostatno razumljiv

NS 1

NS2

NS 3

prvi

drugi

treći

kratak (cm)

16.69a

15.18b

15.95

15.94

15.92

0.31

kratak (kg)

14.83

14.97a

15.23a

14.29b

0.22

2.66

0.22

kratak,

SPSV2

kratak (kg/min) 2.55 2.74 2.45 2.83 1 2 a,b NS – Naslov stupca; Standardna pogreška srednje vrijednosti; = P<0.01.

RASPRAVA Ovaj dio bi trebalo odvojiti od dijela s rezultatima kod izvornih znanstvenih radova, i trebao bi se baviti značenjem rezultata i njihovom vezom s ciljevima istraživanja. Također bi trebalo uključiti kako će rezultati istraživanja promijeniti odnosno utjecati na naše znanje o predstavljenom organizmu ili staništu.

LITERATURA Slijedite upute na stranici 1.

ZAHVALE Zahvale i bilo koje dodatne informacije koje se tiču financiranja istraživanja.

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VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Author Guidelines (ver. 2013) Manuscripts must be submitted in electronic version only (on jelic.dusan@gmail.com), as well as the original figures and tables. The manuscript text should be MS-Word processed, typed throughout in letter quality with font size 10, Times New Roman, without footnotes, 1,5 spaced, on A4 (210 x 297 mm) paper, with margins of at least 25 mm on each side. All pages should be numbered consecutively in the bottom, right-hand corner. For all types of papers, the title page must contain and only contain the following: title of paper (bold); name(s) of the author(s) (in SMALL CAPS); address of the Institution where the work was done, and the email of the corresponding author (font size 10). Provide a title that is concise but also an informative synthesis of the study. - Original scientific paper – should include summary, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion and references (see example manuscript below). - Short note - generally less than four-five manuscript pages; should be produced as continuous text, preceded by an abstract of no more than 150 words. - Photo note – reports of interesting findings captured on photographs, explained with maximum 150 words of text. It is possible to publish one or more photographs. - Species summary – summary of currently known data about certain species (should include distribution, ecology, behavior and literature overview) Cited sources should be written in plain text and referred to as follows: (Pianka 1989, Huey & Pianka 1981, Haydon et al. 1997). References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references. References "in press" shall only be cited when they have been accepted for publication. Names of persons who provided unpublished information should be cited as follows: “(Andersson, Stockholm, pers. comm. 2005)”. List references alphabetically by author under References and date of publication at the same author. Journal and series names have to be spelled out fully.

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Use the following format for references section: Haydon, D.T., Crother, B.I. & Pianka. E.R. (1994): New directions in biogeography? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 403-406. Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1995): Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman & co, New York. Huey, R.B. & Pianka, E.R. (1983): Temporal separation of activity and interspecific dietary overlap (with an Appendix by S. L. Pimm). pp. 281-296. In Huey, R. B.,. Pianka, E.R., Schoener T.W. (eds.) Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism. Harvard University Press. IUCN (2010): Global Mammal Asessement. IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature, <http://www.iucn.com> . Pristupljeno 21. sijecnja 2010.

Each paper will be reviewed by 1-2 independent reviewers.

Hyla

VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Title that succinctly describes the contents of the paper

NAME SURNAME1, NAME SURNAME*2 1

AffiliationName, Radučka 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, your.mail@mail.hr 2

AffiliationName Heinzlova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

SUMMARY: The abstract should be clear, descriptive and not longer than 300 words, should summarize the essential results and conclusions. Four or five keywords should also be included. Key words: Four, Five, Keywords, Included

INTRODUCTION Has to be a concise description of the background, rationale, aims and specific objectives of the paper. Good literature background, if existing, is expected.

MATERIAL AND METHODS Materials and methods have to provide sufficient information to permit repetition of the experiment and/or fieldwork. The technical description of study methods should be given only if such methods are new or important for the understanding the results.

RESULTS Results section must be a concise presentation of the finding of the study. Avoid the presentation of same information as text and/or figure and/or table. Insert text, tables and illustrations here. References should be made in the text to each illustration. Also, save, attach and send your illustrations separately using the file name TableNo.Explination.extension (ex. Tab-1Female mass to SVL correlation in Lacerta vivipara.tiff).

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VOL. 2012., No. 2 ISSN: 1848-2007

Explanations of tables, graphs and pictures should be written in English and Croatian (note if one is missing and it will be added by editor), given in the typewritten legend, use Times New Roman font, size 10. Explanations of tables are written above, aligned left, and explanations of pictures and graphs are written underneath, centre aligned. Table 1. Brief and self-explanatory title (Times New Roman 10)

DISCUSSION Discussion section should be separate from the results section at full-length papers and should deal with the significance of the results and their relationship to the aims of the paper. Also include how the findings of the paper will change, influence the state of our knowledge about model organism or habitat.

REFERENCES Follow the guidelines on page 1.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements and any additional information concerning research grants.

PRAVILA ZA ISPUNJAVANJE POPISNOG LISTA -

Popisne listove ispunjavati po povratku s terena - prepisati podatke iz terenske bilježnice.

Popisne listove treba ispunjavati tako da jedan list predstavlja samo jedan lokalitet i samo jedan dan opažanja tog lokaliteta. Također, ako se obilazi jedan veći lokalitet s više različitih staništa poželjno je upotrijebiti više popisnih listova.

OBAVEZNO priložiti fotografiju vrste izbliza kako bi mogli potvrditi točnost determinacije. Fotografije pošaljite kao dodatni attachment u e-mail poruci.

Popisni listovi se ispunjavaju na slijedeći način: ŽUPANIJA: Upisati županiju u kojoj se određeni lokalitet nalazi. NAJBLIŽE NASELJE: Upisati najbliže naseljeno mjesto. OPIS LOKALITETA: Upisati najbliži toponim (npr. planinski vrh, prijevoj, naselje…) te udaljenost i smjer od toponima. Upisuju se hrvatske kratice za strane svijeta. Također što detaljnije opisati lokalitet i kako doći do njega. KOORDINATE I NADMORSKA VISINA: Očitati ili pomoću GPS uređaja ili s karte te naznačiti na koji način su dobiveni podaci. Ako su koordinate očitane s karte naznačiti mjerilo karte. OPIS STANIŠTA: Pobliže opisati tip staništa na kojem su nađene jedinke (morfologija staništa, vegetacija, tip podloge, mikrostanište...). VRIJEME I TEMPERATURA: Zaokružiti vremenske prilike; ako imate termometar sa sobom izmjeriti temp. zraka (mjerena u hladu na oko 1 m od tla), odnosno vode (mjerena u hladu, oko 10 cm ispod površine) ovisno o staništu pojedine vrste. FOTO: Priložiti fotografiju nalaza. Upisati naziv priloženog dokumenta. VRSTA: Upisati ime vrste te broj jedinki u odgovarajući stupac, upisati i spol ako je poznat (JUV – do 1 godine starosti; SAD – subadultne jedinke, više od 1 godine starosti; AD – odrasle, spolno zrele jedinke; ako je poznat spol upisati M - mužjak i/ili F - ženka). Ako ste pronašli uginule jedinke normalno ih upišite i pod rubriku NAPOMENE navedite da su uginule. Na kraju lista nalazi se prostor za upisivanje podataka osobe koja je ispunila popisni list.

Ispunjene popisne listove slati na: - e-mail: hyla@hyla.hr ili - poštom: Hrvatsko herpetološko društvo - Hyla Radučka 15 10000 Zagreb

HERPETOFAUNA - POPISNI LIST ŽUPANIJA: NAJBLIŽE NASELJE: OPIS LOKALITETA:

KOORDINATE:

NADM. VISINA:

GPS KARTA

OPIS STANIŠTA:

VRIJEME:

sunčano poluoblačno oblačno

suho vlažno kiša

mirno lagani vjetar vjetrovito Tzrak:

Tvoda:

DATUM:

SAT:

FOTO - naziv datoteke:

VRSTA

IME I PREZIME: TELEFON I ADRESA: E - MAIL:

mrijest ili jaja

ličinke

JUV

SAD

NAPOMENE

HERPETOFAUNA - POPISNI LIST ZADARSKA

ŽUPANIJA:

NAJBLIŽE NASELJE:

DRAGE, PAKOŠTANE

OPIS LOKALITETA: 360 m I od vrha brda Čelinke, neposredno uz cestu Pakoštane-Drage (sa strane prema Vranskom jezeru)

KOORDINATE: OPIS STANIŠTA: polusjena.

VRIJEME:

X 5543150

Y 4861115

GPS KARTA

1:100.000

NADM. VISINA: 10 m

Niska makija hrasta crnike, uz cestu. Mikrostanište: nakupine kamenja ispod grmlja,

sunčano poluoblačno oblačno

suho vlažno kiša

mirno lagani vjetar vjetrovito Tzrak: 25°C

DATUM: 26.05.2011.

Tvoda: --

SAT: 16:15 - 16:30

FOTO - naziv datoteke: DSC00265.jpg, DSC00267.jpg

VRSTA

mrijest ili jaja

P. siculus

ličinke

JUV

SAD

2+1M

H. gemonensis

IME I PREZIME: Mate Matić TELEFON I ADRESA: 095-1234567; Vesela ulica bb, 23000 Zadar E - MAIL: mate.matic@gmail.com

NAPOMENE

pregažen na cesti

POPIS VRSTA VODOZEMACA I GMAZOVA U HRVATSKOJ

VODOZEMCI

GMAZOVI

Ichthyosaura alpestris - planinski vodenjak Lissotriton vulgaris - mali vodenjak Triturus carnifex - veliki vodenjak Triturus dobrogicus - dunavski vodenjak Salamandra atra - crni daždevnjak Salamandra salamandra - pjegavi daždevnjak Proteus anguinus - čovječja ribica Bombina bombina - crveni mukač Bombina variegata - žuti mukač Bufo bufo - smeđa krastača Pseudapidalea viridis - zelena krastača Pelobates fuscus - češnjača Hyla arborea - gatalinka Pelophylax kl. esculentus - jestiva zelena žaba Pelophylax lessonae - mala zelena žaba Pelophylax ridibundus - velika zelena žaba Rana arvalis - močvarna smeđa žaba Rana dalmatina - šumska smeđa žaba Rana latastei - talijanska smeđa žaba Rana temporaria - livadna smeđa žaba

Testudo hermanni - kopnena kornjača, čančara Emys orbicularis - barska kornjača Mauremys rivulata - riječna kornjača Dermochelys coriacea - sedmopruga usminjača Caretta caretta - glavata želva Chelonia mydas - golema želva Algyroides nigropunctatus - mrki ljuskavi gušter Iberolacerta horvathi - velebitska gušterica Dalmatolacerta oxycephala - oštroglava gušterica Dinarolacerta mosorensis - mosorska gušterica Lacerta agilis - livadna gušterica Lacerta bilineata - zapadno mediteranski zelembać Lacerta viridis - obični zelembać Lacerta trilineata - veliki zelembać Podarcis melisellensis - krška gušterica Podarcis muralis - zidna gušterica Podarcis siculus - primorska gušterica Zootoca vivipara - živorodna gušterica Hemidactylus turcicus - kućni macaklin Tarentola mauretanica - zidni macaklin Anguis fragilis - sljepić Ophisaurus apodus - blavor Ablepharus kitaibelii - ivanjski rovaš Coronella austriaca - smukulja Dolichophis caspius - smičalina Elaphe quatuorlineata - četveroprugi kravosas Hierophis gemonensis - šara poljarica Hierophis viridiflavus - crna poljarica Malpolon insignitus - zmajur Natrix natrix - bjelouška Natrix tessellata - ribarica Platyceps najadum - šilac, plavetna poljarica Telescopus fallax - ljuta crnokrpica Zamenis longissimus - bjelica, Eskulapova zmija Zamenis situla - pjegava crvenkrpica Vipera ammodytes - poskok Vipera berus - riđovka Vipera ursinii - planinski žutokrug * Trachemys scripta - crvenouha kornjača