Lumo - Product Service System Design Report

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Alessandro Marco Errico | 349 1029588‏ ‏ Davide Marcianesi | 333 4845576 Margherita Polo | 347 6282697

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C O N T E N TS

Research

p. 05

Concept generation

p. 21

Service

p. 25

Product

p. 31

Marketing strategy

p. 53

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RESEARCH

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T H E W O R L D I S AG I N G

868 millions

is the number of people over 60 years of age today globally

50%

by 2020 over 50% of people aged 60 years or older will live in an urban environment

The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate, and the global urban population is now larger than the rural population. This phenomenon represents a radical demographic change comparable to the industrial revolution.

But how are these years spent? Largely in precarious health conditions. In fact the healthy life expectancy does not grow with the same rate, and many diseases make it difficult for the elderly to be an active part of our society.

While aging is a global incident, it happens most rapidly in OECD economies.

Today the number of people over 60 around the world is about 868 millions, nearly 12% of the global population and this number is expected to double by 2050. The average life expectancy increased and we have an incedible average of 20.5 years more to live after the age of 60.

Amongst all the OECD countries - which consist of most of the European countries, US and some other developed economies of the world - Japan and Italy are currently positioned as the first and second countries with the highest 65+ population in the world.

Italy has the most elderly dense population in Europe while Japan has the highest in Asia and the world.

Source UNFPA, State of World’s Population, 2007 UN, World Population Prospects, 2012 Global Health Data Exchange, 2016 World Health Organizaiton

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Age pyramids of OECD countries

Male Female

1950 100+

2015

2045

8%

Over 65

95-99

16%

25%

90-94

100+ 95-99 90-94

85-89

85-89

80-84

80-84

75-79

75-79

70-74

70-74

65-69

65-69

60-64

14%

50-64

55-59

19%

18%

50-54 45-49

20%

21%

18%

22%

20%

17%

35-39

20-24

10-14

45-49 40-44 35-39

20-34

25-29

15-19

55-59 50-54

35-49

40-44

30-34

60-64

30-34 25-29 20-24

37%

Under 20

24%

21%

5-9

15-19 10-14 5-9

0-4

0-4 10%

5%

0%

5%

10%

10%

5%

0%

5%

10%

10%

5%

0%

5%

10%

Source Grosvenor, Silver Cities: Planning For an Ageing Population, 2018 7

2015 % Population 65+ 0

10

8

15

20

25

30

35

%

2050 % Population 65+ 0

10

15

20

25

30

35

%

Source UN, World population prospects, 2012 9

W H Y A L Z H E I M E R ’S

4“

Every 4 seconds someone is diagnosed with dementia globally

3rd

Alzheimer’s disease is the third leading cause of death in high income countries

Among the most common noncommunicable diseases that come up along with aging, we focused on dementia. Even though it isn’t the first cause of death it implies a huge socio-economic impact and a lot of sufference both for the patients, for the stigma associated with the disease, and for the carers. Dementia is also widespread, in fact approximately 50 million people suffer from it in the world and the cost of the disease is of 818 million $ per year globally; a huge burden for families and cargivers, that usually don’t receive adequate support.

to focus on this specific issue that not only has a strong impact on the mind and the body of the seniors, but also on the people around them, and it will follow them for the rest of their lifes.

Being a neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s occurs with different stages that requires different types of care support.

Our target consists mainly in early stages patients, in which individuals can still function rather indipendently, but show problems in recalling words, problems in concentration and feeling lost while doing daily activities.

Dementia is an umbrella term and in particular Alzheimer’s disease covers 6070% of the dementia cases, so we decided

It is in this particular stage that healthy habits can be mantained or established in order to prolong patients’ autonomy.

Source World Health Organization 2016 Lisa Genova, TED talk, What we can do to prevent Alzheimer’s

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Global deterioration scale Reisberg Scale No Dementia

Stage 1 No Cognitive Decline N/A

Early-Stage

Early-Stage

Stage 3 Mild Cognitive Decline 2-7 years

Stage 2 Very Mild Cognitive Decline Unknown

Mid-Stage

Mid-Stage

Stage 5 Moderately Severe Cognitive Decline 1.5 years

*Typically a diagnosis is made at this stage

Stage 4 Moderate Cognitive Decline 2 years

Late-Stage

Stage 7 Very Severe Cognitive Decline (Late Dementia) 1.5 - 2.5 years

Stage 6 Severe Cognitive Decline (Middle Dementia) 2.5 years Source Reisberg Scale www.alz.co.uk 11

W H Y I TA LY

70 587

Euros spent for each individual each year because of Alzheimer’s

In particular in Italy the situation is pretty dramatic. Today there are about 600 000 people suffering from Alzheimer’s. Every year the total expense amounts to 70 587 € for each diseased.

close to age of their patients.

They experience an economical, emotional and physical pressure in their every day life, and they don’t have any kind of support in carrying this burden.

The total cost of the disease is almost 42 billions of euros (direct and indirect costs) which are spent into cures and infrastructures; 73% of these amount is covered by families alone.

Another issue regards caregivers, who have an average age of 59,2 years so they are

Source ISTAT CENSIS 2016 Report 12

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WHY MILAN

46 930

people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease in Milan

Alzheimer’s disease under 65 in Milan has a very low rate while its progression can rise once people reach that age. While the percentage of occurance in people from 65 to 79 years old is around 6% it rises up to 40% for 80+ population. The average incidence for any age above 65 was 15% in 2012. The total number of Milanese suffering from Alzheimer’s reached around 46 930 units in 2007.

built in multiple floors (from 2 forward) but have got no elevator at all. This seemingly low-consequence issue doesn’t enhance active lifestyle for these people, who become sedentary and isolated by feeling it as a physical barrier.

To make the situation even worse, the efficiency of mobility services results inadequate for this segment of the population.

The elderly population of the electoral units of Milan is concentrated mainly in areas located in the external ring of the city, especially in tiny neighborhoods.

Moreover, physical isolation brings to social isolation; this trend obstacles the creation of strong ties between the members of senior communities.

Through the entire Lombardy, 25% of the residences in which 65+ people live were Source SiSL Comune di Milano Comune di Milano, dati ISTAT, 2016 14

Increasing +65 population Milan, Italy, EU comparison

25%

-3%

Population change in Milan (% variation 1991-2011)

20%

+26%

65+ Population change in Milan (% variation 1991-2011)

15% Milan

Italy

10%

Europe 1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

Source Comune di Milano Dati ISTAT, 2016 15

MOBILIT Y AND WANDERING

6/10

six in ten people with Alzheimer’s will wander

94%

if search-andrescue efforts are immediate, 94% of people who wander are found within 2,5 km where they disappeared

Mobility is a topic of primary relevance for elderly people. Easy access to private or public transports can prevent isolation and encourage the access to services and social participation, and it is necessary in order to let citizens live autonomously, especially for people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.

In the current transport system in Milan there are many obstacles for the elderly population, both tangible, like accessibility to services and stops, and psychological and social issues, like the perception of safety, usability and ergonomics, informations and tickets availability or the fear of sudden accidents. These barriers are a disincentive to go out regularly.

In addition to these issues, another factor that can cause isolation and a sedentary lifestyle, talking about Alzheimer’s patients specifically, is the fear of going out due to the problem of wandering. Even in the early stages of dementia, a person can become disoriented or confused for a period of time.

A person with Alzheimer’s may not remember his or her name or address, and find himself/herself in really dangerous situations, even in familiar places. This situation also causes frustration in the diseased, who feel they are losing their autonomy. Moreover the stress experienced by families and caregivers when a person with dementia wanders and becomes lost is significant.

Source Alzheimer’s Association Comune di Milano, dati ISTAT 2016 16

Walking time and distance in +65 population 65-

65+

80+

Start

230m 7 minutes 500m

10 minutes

900m

12 minutes

Source Systematica 17

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Our design question:

How may we promote an active lifestyle for people over 65 affected by Alzheimer’s who live in Milan by increasing their autonomy in their daily routine?

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CONCEPT GENERATION

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FOLLOW

THE LIGHT

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SERVICE

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Financial flow Data/information flow Human interaction flow

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SYSTEM MAP

There are several actors and touchpoints involved in the system.

The former, the main users of the project, will buy the navigation device while the latter will trace patients through a paid app.

Both the application and the navigation device need to be joined to a telecommunications company to work effectively. The company, in exchange for data such as location of users, will offer the GPS service and the possibility to make calls for free.

The calls, that can be made either through the app or through the device in case of

emergency, are directed to local authorities such as first aid and police, other key players in the service.

The project proposes also a partnership with Tile, a little device that the Alzheimer’s diseased can attach to their keys to remind themselves to take Lumo before going out.

Tile will be included in the price of the device and the user will find it in the package together with the device.

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Our Personas:

ACTIVE ALICE

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Description

Pain points

• • • • • •

• Feels insecure and ashamed • She doesn’t want to be a burden to anyone • She’s upset because she’s not able to exercise as before anymore • She’s afraid of getting lost

65 years old Former math teacher Lives alone in Milano, Affori Early stage of Alzheimer’s Her daughter is her caregiver Former physically active person

User story

Dimensions

As a recently diagnosed with Alzheimer’s I want to be autonomous so that I am not a burden to anyone because I want not to lose my habits.

Autonomy Physical activity Tech proficiency

Alice’s journey map With and without the device

EMOTIONAL CURVE

WITHOUT LUMO

WITH LUMO

Alice gets She goes out ready to go out and enjoys her for a walk in walk the neighborhood

She doesn’t recognise the buildings around her and feels lost

She calls her daughter and asks her to bring her home

Alice and her daughter choose a new location for a walk together

She gets lost but she knows she has the device at her fingertips

She turns on the She follows the She remembers She finally enters device to get indications from her way home her house by back home the device herself

She leaves home and brings the device along with her

She waits for her daughter to arrive and starts wandering

Her daughter finds her and brings her back home

She finally returns home but she is disappointed by herself

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PRODUCT

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A HARDWARE N AV I G ATO R Lumo is a simple and intuitive navigator for people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.

Lumo allows users to find their way to their favorite destinations, without needing a smartphone, a difficult object to use for our target. Its shape is reminiscent of an electric torch, an object to which our users are accustomed to.

Lumo is a tool to acheive autonomy and to improve the relationship with the caregiver.

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DESTINATIONS The user and the caregiver can set through the Lumo App up to 14 different destinations that will appear on the device.

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F I N D YO U R WAY By turning the alluminium crown the user selects his destination, which will appear on the dot matrix screen.

Once selected, in case of feeling lost, just holding the device and placeing a finger over the soft touch button will turn on a laser. The laser will project on the ground the direction to follow.

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DIRECTIONS Only three arrows are enough to indicate the right direction in a simple and intuitive way, just like a compass. The projections will change thanks to an engine that will turn a mask with the three different shapes by 120°.

The laser light works both in daylight and in the dark.

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EMERGENCY CALLS On the back of the device there is the on/ off button, which if pressed for more than 5 seconds can activate an emergency call to the local authorities. The user will feel safe knowing that there will always be a way to be in contact with professionals when he will be in trouble.

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SPEAKER Near the power button there is also a speaker that allows the user to talk with the local authorities or to answer the calls that the caregiver can make through the Lumo application, if he feels that psycological support is needed.

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BAT TERY The device can be recharged through an USB port on the back. The luminous dots near the icon will indicate the charge level and will act as a reminder.

Also on the back there is an adjustable strap to ensure a firm grip on the device in order not to forget or lose Lumo.

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TILE The project proposes also a partnership with Tile, a little device with Bluetooth technology that the Alzheimer’s diseased users can attach to their keys and that will send a sound feedback to alert them if they are going out without the navigation device, so that they won’t forget it.

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DIMENSIONS

Ø 35 mm

Ø 25 mm

Lumo’s small size makes it practical and discrete to carry around in every day life.

163 mm

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MATERIALS

Nylon fibers strap 2 colour variations Aluminum alloy 7000 Anodized finish

Thermoplastic polymer ABS: 2 colour variations

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COMPONENTS The shell is divided in two components to ease the assembly both of the internal components and the strap.

On the inside are housed the optical components with the laser light, and the arrows masks fixed on a support connected to a micro brushless motor.

The choice of a cylindrical shape for the lens support grant a minimization of the transit time with a 120° rotation from one

arrow to the other. The logic board contains the processor and the GPS system for the triangulation of the position, and the GSM for data connection. A gyroscope allows the device to understand its orientation in space, in order to avoid dangerous situations with the laser projection. The fasteners, the laser, the motor and the USB-C connector are standard components to minimize production costs.

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12.

10. 11.

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20.

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17. 16.

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EXPLODED VIEW

1.

Soft touch button Standard component

9.

Battery 3.7V 1200 MAH 18650

17.

Lens Arrows shapes

2.

Upper shell Injection molding ABS

10.

Metal plate Punched alluminium sheet

18.

Front glass Tempered glass

3.

Display Standard dot matrix display

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Tactical switch Standard componentt

19.

Crown Alluminium casting

4.

Display bracket Punched alluminium sheet

12.

Strap support Injection molding ABS

20.

USB-C connector Standard component

5.

Screws M1.4 x 6 mm

13.

Strap Nylon fiber + ABS locking

21.

Lower shell Injection molding ABS

6.

Optical components shield Injection molding ABS

14.

On/Off button Injection molding ABS

22.

Screws M 1.7 x 4 mm

7.

Micro brushless motor Standard component

15.

Laser light Standard component

8.

Logic board GPS and gyroscope

16.

Masks support Milled Teflon

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LUMO APP The caregivers’ App is essential for using Lumo. Through a seamless experience it is possible to set addresses, names and icons for patients’ destinations. The app allows the caregivers to track the patients, contact them in case of emergency or call the local authorities, if there is a dangerous situation.

It is also possible to register the patient’s medical record and share the data with other family members or carers.

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MARKETING STRATEGY

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AWA R E N E SS C A M PA I G N

The marketing campaign is aimed to reach two different typologies of buyers.

The first are the Alzheimer’s diseased, that are interested in buying the product to increase their autonomy, the second are the cargivers that can give Lumo to their patients as a gift, and purchase the Lumo App as a consequence. The campaign therefore aims to raise awarness on the issue of wandering on both of them.

By addressing also the caregivers, we are expecting to double the probability to reach the total number of people suffering from memory impairment in Milan.

Big posters are the most immediate way to sensitize both types of consumers precisely in the place where the diseased are most at risk and where they experience fear: the streets of Milan and its neighborhoods.

The campaign wants to represent how the disease wreks patients’ memory until they cannot even recognize the most familiar places, giving them a feeling of discomfort, frustration and loneliness.

The same message will also be spread with flyers by doctors, specialists and Alzheimer’s associations that will recommend the product to patients and carers.

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ONLINE We chose as online advertising both websites related to design, technology and innovation, like YankoDesign, that will bring attention on the project, and websites more specifically related on the topic, like the A.M.A. Milano one, that will attract the attention of the caregivers. Another communication channel will be YouTube, that will be useful to spread emotional messages related to the product. We will rely on the fanpage YouTube channel, that has already talked about Alzhemer’s in many videos and that has an eterogeneous and wide audience.

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