VALLEY OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTS by Maria Jose Ponce

VALLEY OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTS Tilaco, Landa de Matamoros

Elaborado por: Iarid Hernández María José Ponce Camilo Posada Jakub Kozák

INDEX Project purpose Objective Site analysis Location

Basic form of landscape Climate analysis Topography and hidrography Types of soil Solar incidence Spatial schemes PolIsensory aspects Sociocultural components User analysis Theoretical reference New Lives, new landscapes Framework Propposal Diagram Estrategies Constructive methods Materials Vegetation palette Master Plan

PROJECT PURPOSE

Vernacular architecture conservation

Sustainable tree production

In the public sphere

Space

Nature

People

La Sierra Gorda is full of old contruction tecniques that are being lost due to the appearing of new materials, the thought of vernacular architecture as a poor one and believe that the new tecniques are more economic. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vital to make an effort on conserving the vernacular tecniques and increasing their value and acceptance once more.

The forests in the area are heavily protected and the felling of trees is completely controlled, this is one of the reasons why vernacular architecture is being forgotten. As a response, unused agricultural lands can be transformed into sustainable forest which will help in the preservation of the regional architecture and also in the conservation of ecosystems throughout the sierra.

Agricultural fields are commonly near the rural areas and are part of the region landscape. Because of this, inhabitants of the country side benefit from the existance of new public spaces where varied activities can happen. New public spaces increase the value and the perception of a good way of living. In extension, turistic activities will become more frequent.

PROJECT PURPOSE

OBJECTIVE

PROJECT PURPOSE

CONTINUITY

The proposal is part of an already existing plan that seaks the reactivation of public spaces through Tilaco.

1 The public plaza in front of the “Misión de San Francisco” is in need of new program and activities that can happen in it.

2 In the hill skirt, there´s an open spot suitable for a lookout of the village and the valley.

People already visit the “Juaguey”, a water body that’s used for agriculture, for recreational uses. The project has evolved in to what is today.

PROJECT PURPOSE

SITE ANALYSIS

LOCATION Region

Tilaco belongs to the state of Queretaro, specifically to the municipality of Landa de Matamoros. Furthermore, it belongs to the “Biosfera de la Sierra Gorda”. Four municipalities of Queretaro belong to it: Landa de Matamoros, Jalpan de Serra, Arroyo Seco and Pinal de Amoles. La Sierra gorda is the protected area most diverse in ecosystems in Mexico, at least 12 can be found, and it’s one of the few places you can still find a jaguar or the green guacamaya. It’s a natural reserve with objective of preserving many endangered species, different types of trees and diverse ecosystems. Since 1997, it has become an example throughout the country of sustainable developement.

Queretaro

SITE ANALYSIS

Sierra Gorda biosphere

SITE ANALYSIS

LOCATION Municipality

Within the municipality of Landa de Matamoros, Tilaco is located in a valley near the municipal head and the towns of La Lagunita, Acatitlรกn and Otates. It has an approximate population of more than 1000 inhabitants, however, it is estimated that half of the population has migrated to the United States, so the village has only 679 inhabitants. The municipality of Landa is the third nationwide with the highest migration rate. Its main attraction is one of the five missions found in the Sierra Gorda, the San Francisco Mission. It also has other natural attractions such as Cerro del Sapo, the Sotano and a Pame archaeological site called Los Bailes.

Tilaco

SITE ANALYSIS

Landa de Matamoros

SITE ANALYSIS

Basic form of landscape

Climates There are five predominant climates in Tilaco, each one of them caused by the heterogeneous topography of the place and the pluviality that varies from 350 mm3 to 2,500 mm3. The different patterns of a pluvial are stimulated by the mountain ranges that form the Sierra Gorda, those patterns cause the so-called Orographic or rainy shadows. These climates are: - Decidious tropical forest - Xerophytic scrub - Mesophyll mountain forest - Coniferous forest - Wetlands

Anual average temperature: from 18ยบ to 20ยบ degrees (64.4 Fยบ - 68ยบF).

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS Basic form of landscape

Decidious tropical forest The most outstanding feature of this type of environment y the loss of the leaves of its vegetation during a period of 5 to 8 months; thus the two seasonal aspects of the forest are different: the sad, gray and desolate aspect of the dry season contrasts in an extraordinary way with the tender green thickets of the rainy season. For this reason it receives its name due to the expiration of its leaves or foliage. It has low wood productivity but their presence is of vital importance because they provide wood, firewood and non-timber products as well as extensive grazing areas for human populations. They are the habitat of the wild relatives of several of the main crops of Mexico (corn, beans, squash).

SITE ANALYSIS Tropical Decidious Forest

SITE ANALYSIS Xeropgytic scrub

Basic form of landscape

Xerophytic scrub It is considered to be a scrub because in its majority, bushes and plants that are adapted to life in a dry environment, predominate. This type of ecosystem occupies approximately 30% of the surface of the country, and is therefore the widest of all types of vegetation in Mexico. The climate can be from very hot to relatively cool. Rain is scarce and irregular, calculating on average that there are 7 to 12 dry months per year, but it can be years without rain.

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS Basic form of landscape

Mesophyll mountain forest Foggy forest, humid mountain forest, cloudy forest, among others, are the names with which this type of environment is known. This is because they share frequent rains, cloudiness, haze and high atmospheric humidity throughout the year. Mesophilic mountain forests, together with high jungles, represent two of the systems with the greatest diversity of species per unit area. Mesophilic mountain forest can be found in regions of rugged relief and steep slopes. It provide forest products such as food, medicine, firewood, wood, natural fibers and medicinal remedies. It also provides a series of landscape attractions as spaces for recreation.

SITE ANALYSIS Mesophyll mountain forest

SITE ANALYSIS Conifeours forest

Basic form of landscape

Coniferous forest Conifers are known in this way, because most of them keep their seeds in specialized structures called â&#x20AC;&#x153;conesâ&#x20AC;?, which protect them and help them to disperse. These forests are frequently located in zones of temperate and cold climate, generally in the northern hemisphere, occupying about 15% of the national territory, currently covering 323,305 km2.

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS

CLIMATE ANALYSIS Basic form of landscape

Wetlands Any normally flat area where the surface of soil is covered with water permanently or seasonally, is a wetland. Water can be sweet, salty or brackish. Wetlands are transition zones between terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems and have a low depth. They are usually found in flooded plains very close to water courses such as rivers or lakes that provide them with liquid. Water is the main factor that controls the environment in wetlands, including its flora and fauna. The soil or rocky substrate must allow the saturation of stagnant water or current in such a way that it remains there during a certain time of year or persistently, that is, without the wetland becoming dry during the year.

SITE ANALYSIS Wetlands

SITE ANALYSIS

Basic form of landscape

Topography Tilaco is located in the lower part of a valley, so it is distinguish by the absence of contour lines. It is all sorrounded by mountains and high elevations. It is characterized by a geologic process called Orogeny, that was cause by compressive and distensive efforts that linked the formation. All this because it is part of the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Hidrography Tilaco valley has the topographic characteristic of becoming a natural border of water during rainy seasons. This border empties into the Moctezuma River through cavities called soils. The season with the best rain is betweeen November and April with an average monthly precipitation of aproximately 30 milimeters.

Symbology Contour lines

Runoffs

Propposal

SITE ANALYSIS

TOPOGRAPHY AND HIDROGRAPHY

SITE ANALYSIS

TYPES OF SOIL Basic form of landscape The predominant soil is black or dark gray lithosol with high nutrient contents. Lithosols are a type of soil that appears in escarpments and rocky outcrops. Its thickness is less than 10 cm and it sustains a low vegetation. Its agricultural potential is limited by its shallowness and high stoniness, which makes it difficult to work. In addition, the calcium that contains can immobilize the mineral nutrients, so their agricultural use is limited if appropriate techniques are not used, therefore, it is preferable to keep them with the original vegetation. There are also phaozem soils that are dark soils rich in organic matter so they are fertile and support a wide variety of dry and irrigated crops. This makes them ideal for rainfed agriculture. They are found in temperate and humid climates with natural vegetation of tall grasses or forests. In a lesser proportion there are vertisol soils which are black and clayey texture. They are soils of semiarid climates to subhumid and Mediterranean type, with marked drought seasonality and rains. The natural vegetation that develops in them includes sheets, pastures and bushes. You can find in the lacustrine beds, in the riverbanks or in places with periodic floods. They are characterized by their high content of clays that expand with moisture and contract with drought, which can cause cracks in this last season.

SITE ANALYSIS

TYPES OF SOIL

Basic form of landscape

Lithosol

Phaozem

Vertisol

SITE ANALYSIS

SOLAR INCIDENCE Basic form of landscape

Low sun incidence, higher in hot seasons

Low average sun incidence

Sun incidence in cold seasons and low sun incidence in hot seasons

High average sun incidence

SPATIAL SCHEMES

SITE ANALYSIS

barrio de Santa Teresita

barrio Buenavista

22. 16. 12. 17.

barrio de la luz

18.

13. Tilaco

21.

14.

3. D 1. 9. 15. 4. 5. 10. 2.

hacia Santa InĂŠs

C E

23.

Important places

Natural places

1. Mission of San Francisco 2. Plazoleta (Padre Miracles) 3. Tilaco garden 4. Museum-Delegation 5. Health house 6. Treatment plant 7. Water pump 8. Cementery 9. Library 10. Kinder 11. Primary 12. Secondary 13. High school 14. Culture house 15. Covered court 16. Soccer field 17. Hostel

18. Basement 19. The Sabino 20. Water piles 21. The JuagĂźey 22. Milpa of Don Praxe 23. Cerro del Sapo

Protection zones

INAH

Ecological protection

Ejidal land

Agricultural land

Urban areas

Propposal

SITE ANALYSIS

SPATIAL SCHEMES

SITE ANALYSIS

POLISENSORY ASPECTS Tilacos experience is not solely an historical and physical one. It’s enriched with textures, colors, smells, fauna, sounds, silences, atmosphere and sensations. Through the whole valley you can find different spots that are memorable because of what they make you feel. A valley full of fog makes you feel you’re in the sea, when walking through the agricultural lands you’ll listen to the wind, the branches moving, the birds singing and the bees humming, and wherever you are in the valley you’ll always be surrounded by a completely green color pallete.

Left superior: Missions dome Right superior: Valley from the garden Left inferior: Mission tower interior Right Inferior: Mission tower from the main street

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS Left superior: Mission from the garden Right superior: Resting dog Left inferior: Valley from the main road Right Inferior: Arquelogical stone platform

SITE ANALYSIS

Left superior: Small shack Right superior: Tejamanil in Tilaco Left inferior: Valley. Land pattern Right Inferior: “Juaguey” and the valley

SITE ANALYSIS Left superior: Stone wall with tejamanil in tilaco Right superior: Bajareque with tejamanil in Tilaco Left inferior: Gardens pavillion with the valley I Right Inferior: Gardens pavillion with the valley II

SITE ANALYSIS

USER ANALYISIS Sociocultural analysis

Farmers Relation with the Forest: Due to the tradional agriculture activities of the inhabitants of Tilaco, they could work on the forest, farming, taking care of the place and teaching to others the particularity of the site.

Plant

Tours

Maintanance

Reforestation

Sociocultural analysis

Exterior Visitors Relation with the Forest: A visit to Tilaco would be more interesting, aside from seeing the Unesco mission one could hike to the forest farm, take a tour and learn about the the cycles of productions, reforestation and later construction. Recreation

Learning

Green think

Hiking

SITE ANALYSIS

USER ANALYISIS

SITE ANALYSIS

USER ANALYISIS Sociocultural analysis

Local Visitors Relation with the Forest: Due to the tradional agriculture activities of the inhabitants of Tilaco, people could spare time in the farme for their free time, helping to plant for the next cycle, go camping or gathering for social activies.

Camping

Plant

Green think

Social Gather

SITE ANALYSIS

USER ANALYISIS Sociocultural analysis

Relation with the Forest: Due to the tradional agriculture activities of the inhabitants of Tilaco, they could work on the forest, farming, taking care of the place and teaching to others the particularity of the site.

Vernacular techinques

Construct

Sustentable

THEORETICAL REFERENCE

Theoretical references Nain Fairbrother’s book New Lives, New Landscapes is directly related to the project proposed for Tilaco. According to Fairbrother landscape (rurality) has to evolve at the same time that the society, in this case Tilaco, is changing too. The rural communities have transformed their ways of life and now have “urbanized expectations”. Some people have changed the way they work the land, the crafts and arts and how they move among many other things. At the same time, this communities have an interest in preserving and sharing their traditions such as agricultural, architectural and culinary techniques. Tilaco is located in the “Reserva de la Biosfera de la Sierra Gorda” a protected natural area that has the function of working as an experimental area for preservation, tourism, resource usage and ambientalist techniques. From an architectural point of view this means that there needs to be an exercise of recovering “THE OLD WAYS” as Nain states. Vernacular architecture, passive climatic strategies, regional materials, handmade structures. That’s where a change has to be made. Because of economical and aspirational reasons architecture in la Sierra Gorda, an d in most of the rural communities in Mexico, construction has become industrialized and generalized.

PROPPOSAL

NEW LIVES, NEW LANDSCAPES

PROPPOSAL

NEW LIVES, NEW LANDSCAPES Theoretical references The old way of living doesn’t mean that you must live precariously, or as a caveman, or nothing like that. It means that the pace of life is slower, more stable, steady and a calm process. There’s no need for a fast paced unstoppable change. The project proposed for Tilaco consist in a landscaping intervention for resource production, tourism visits, recreational and rest areas for Tilaco. A proposal that speaks of a new rurality which has its origin in the old ways. Furthermore, Fairbrother state a four part framework in order to design the new rural landscape. This framework is reflected in the forest project as design strategies. The four parts are the following: Landscape Organization, Landscape Pattern, Landscape Material and Landscape Texture. In Organization, she states that “proper land use us human ecology”. She intends to say that rural landscape is a reflection of the huge amount of activities that happen on it. The village, the agricultural areas and the natural ones are not meant to be apart, but together in order to create a system. In the project, it’s reflected in the connectivity with Tilaco. A direct way to a land that already means something to the community and completely visible from the main road.

Theoretical references In Material, Fairbrother explains that each region has its particularities. The new landscape material come from an analysis of the “old ways of living” and evolving them into an adequate reflection nowadays. Endemic and native species are both in the project as well as an effort of recovering and transmitting old construction values through new constructions. In Pattern, the main idea is that there’s no need for a separation between urban and rural areas. In Tilaco, it means that agricultural lands are part of the everyday life. Each land is owned by a villager, so the valley is an extension of the “urban areas”. It’s shown by respecting the existing roads and shapes of the lands. Finally, in Texture, because every region is different and has its own characteristics, the appropriate vegetation has to be used. The use of every layer of vegetation: trees, shrubs, grasses, etc. generates a healthy landscape with low maintenance activities and costs. The project is born from the theories of Nan Fairbrother. Her framework is the base of the design decisions that were taken and it seek the creation of a new rural place with values from “the old ways” that tries to speak of how this rural area, Tilaco, works and lives. It fortifies identity through the vegetation, the conservation of vernacular architecture and the involvement of the community in it. It’s not only a touristic area, a resting zone, a tree farm and a sustainable forest. More than that, it is a new landscape.

PROPPOSAL

NEW LIVES, NEW LANDSCAPES

PROPPOSAL

PROPPOSAL Diagram

Public space

TILACO Comunidad

Agricultural people Construction people

VERNACULAR BUILDINGS Identity Culture Economy

SUSTAINABLE FOREST Productive area

PROPPOSAL

CONECTIVITY Estrategies 1. Conection with Tilaco Future Expansion Townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Path Proposal for future hike rode Future Expansion

Farm site Future Expansion

TILACO TILACO

PROPPOSAL

CONECTIVITY Estrategies 2. Respect for existing rodes and soils divisions.

Land portion E

Land portion B

Land portion C

Land portion A

Land portion D

PROPPOSAL

TOPOGRAPHY Estrategies 1. Original slope terrain, proﬁt of natural topography

10º 9º

Lower elevation

10º Platform

8º 7º 6º 5º 4º 3º 2º

1º Platform

Higher elevation

1º Platform

PROPPOSAL

TOPOGRAPHY Estrategies 2. Beneﬁt: use of pre-existied “Juagüey”

A Platform

B Platform

Water duct

“Juagüey”

Water ducts distribution

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION

Estrategies

Crop order as in regular 1. Crop order as in plantation regular plantation

Tree Tree

Tree

Placement of tree Tree

Tree

Harvesting Plantation A Platform

Cultivation

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION Estrategies 2. Particular vegetation system per layer in platform

Tree specie high

Flower / seed specie

Shrub specie

Platform vegetation system example

PROPPOSAL

VERNACULAR CONSTRUCTION Constructuve methods

La Sierra Gorda is full of traditional construction tecniques with varied origins, from indigenous cultures such as the Pame, to Huastec and even Colonial. The materiales used for this architecture are regional: wood, earth and stone. Because the objective of the proyect focuses in Tilaco and sustainable forests only the tecniques that are in this region and that use wood will be reviewed.. In Tilaco, there can be found four tecniques which involve the use of wood and vegetation in different presentations.

PROPPOSAL

WOOD WALL

MURO DE MADERA

Constructuve methods

CONIFEROUS FOREST Pine - Pinus Greggi Juniper - Juniperus Flaccida Withe ceddar - Cepressus Lindleyi Oyamel - Abies Guatemaltensis

ESTRUCTURA DE TRIJERA

LATAS TAPANCO

CROSSBARS

PERIMETER BEAM

HORCON

TRANSVERSAL BEAM TEJAMANIL

TRESTLE

Constructuve methods

PROPPOSAL

VARA WALLDE TECHO

PALMA TRESTLE WETLAND

ALERO

Bamboo - Guadua Aculeata Yucca - Yucca Filamentosa Carrizo - Phragmites Australis Ixtle - Agave Lechuguilla Bejuco - Dolichandra Unguis-Cati

ENJARRE VERTICAL BEAM

MORILLOS PRINCIPAL BEAM BEAM

INTERIOR HORCON LATAS

HORCON STICK FOR FRAMEWORK

PROPPOSAL

PALM ROOF

TECHO DE PALMA

Constructuve methods

TRESTLE WETLAND

ALERO

Bamboo - Guadua Aculeata Yucca - Yucca Filamentosa Carrizo - Phragmites Australis Ixtle - Agave Lechuguilla Bejuco - Dolichandra Unguis-Cati

ENJARRE VERTICAL BEAM

MORILLOS PRINCIPAL BEAM BEAM

INTERIOR HORCON LATAS

HORCON STICK FOR FRAMEWORK

PROPPOSAL

TEJAMANIL

Constructuve methods

CONIFEROUS FOREST White ceddar - Cepressus Lindleyi TRICKET STRUCTURE LATAS CROSSBARS

TRESTLE

TEJAMANIL

TAPANCO

PROPPOSAL

Propposal

OYAMEL Abies Guatemaltensis

Coniferous forest AQUICHE Guazuma Ulmifolia

Decidious tropical forest JUNIPER Juniperus Flaccida

Coniferous forest

WHITE CEDDAR

JUAGUEY

Cepressus Lindley

BAMBOO Guadua Aculeata

Wetlands

Coniferous forest

PROPPOSAL

MASTER PLAN

PROPPOSAL

PLAN SECTION Propposal

Different types of trees every two platforms.

BAMBOO

JUAGUEY

AQUICHE

Guadua Aculeata

Guazuma Ulmifolia

Wetlands

Decidious tropical forest

PROPPOSAL

WHITE CEDDAR

JUNIPER

OYAMEL

Cepressus Lindley

Juniperus Flaccida

Abies Guatemaltensis

Coniferous forest

Detailed section

PROPPOSAL

MATERIALS AND FURNITURE Detailed plan

Platform of trees - Black phaozem soil - Type of tree depending on the platform

Pedestrian passage - Compacted tepetate

Extruded stone wall benches

Slope - Rocks and soil

Pedestrian and vehicles passage - Compacted tepetate

Light posts

Water canal - Water for irrigation

Platform of trees - Black lithosol soil - Type of tree depending on the platform

Detailed section

Platform of trees - Black phaozem soil - Type of tree depending on the platform

Pedestrian passage - Compacted tepetate

Extruded stone wall benches

Light posts

PROPPOSAL

MATERIALS AND FURNITURE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Sterculiaceae

FAMILY

Palo Arco

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Guazuma Ulmifolia

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Lysiloma Microphylla

COMMON NAME

Aquiche

COMMON NAME

Palo Arco

constructional, medicinal

USE -

constructional, medicinal

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

10-30m

APROXIMATE SIZE

4,5m

CLIMA

Deciduous Tropical Forest

CLIMA

Deciduous Tropical Forest

SOIL

pH>5,5

SOIL

n/a

FAMILY

Capparaceae

FAMILY

Rutaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Capparis Incana

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Esenbeckia Berlandieri

COMMON NAME

Palo Cenizo

COMMON NAME

Jopoy

medicinal, ornamental

USE -

ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

APROXIMATE SIZE

2,8m

APROXIMATE SIZE

3-6m

CLIMA

Deciduous Tropical Forest

CLIMA

Deciduous Tropical Forest

SOIL

pH 3-5

SOIL

dry

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Rutaceae

FAMILY

Rutaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Acacia Paradoxa

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Cordia Boissieri

COMMON NAME

Mezquitillo

COMMON NAME

Trompillo

medicinal

USE -

medicinal, ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

APROXIMATE SIZE

2-12m

APROXIMATE SIZE

5-7m

CLIMA

Scrub Xerophile

CLIMA

Scrub Xerophile

SOIL

dry

SOIL

pH 6,8-7,2

FAMILY

Fabaceae

FAMILY

Fabaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Acacia Angustissima

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Acacia Berlandieri

COMMON NAME

Barba de Chivo

COMMON NAME

Guajillo

medicinal

USE -

ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

APROXIMATE SIZE

2-7m

APROXIMATE SIZE

1-5m

CLIMA

Scrub Xerophile

CLIMA

Scrub Xerophile

SOIL

pH 0-5

SOIL

dry

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Fagaceae

FAMILY

Ulmaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Quercus Robur

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Ulmus Mexicana

COMMON NAME

Encino

COMMON NAME

Petatillo

ornamental, constructural

USE -

constructural

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

4-12m

APROXIMATE SIZE

max. 84m

CLIMA

Mesophyll forest of Mountain

CLIMA

Mesophyll forest of Mountain

SOIL

pH 0-9

SOIL

pH 3-5

FAMILY

Fabaceae

FAMILY

Malvaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Dalbergia Palo-Escrito

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Tilia Mexicana

COMMON NAME

Palo Escrito

COMMON NAME

Tilia Mexicana

ornamental

USE -

medicinal

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

max. 35m

APROXIMATE SIZE

1-2m

CLIMA

Mesophyll forest of Mountain

CLIMA

Mesophyll forest of Mountain

SOIL

n/a

SOIL

pH 4,5-7,5

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Pinaceae

FAMILY

Cupressaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Pinus Greggi

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Juniperus Flaccida

COMMON NAME

Pino

COMMON NAME

Enebro

constructural, ornamental

USE -

constructural

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

15-20m

APROXIMATE SIZE

5-12m

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

SOIL

north pH 7-8 & south pH 4-5

SOIL

pH 5-7

FAMILY

Cupressaceae

FAMILY

Pinaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Cupressus Lindleyi

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Abies Guatemaltensis

COMMON NAME

Cedro blanco

COMMON NAME

Oyamel

constructural

USE -

ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

APROXIMATE SIZE

10-30m

APROXIMATE SIZE

20-35m

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

SOIL

pH 5,5-6,5

SOIL

pH 5,4-5.7

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Scrophulariaceae

FAMILY

Lauraceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Buddlega Americana

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Litsea Glaucescens

COMMON NAME

Tepozรกn

COMMON NAME

Laurel

medicinal

USE -

medicinal

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

2-5m

APROXIMATE SIZE

3-6m

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

SOIL

pH 5,5-7

SOIL

pH 5,7

FAMILY

SCIENTIFIC NAME

COMMON NAME

USE -

Portulacaceae

FAMILY

Poaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Guadua Aculeata

Cabellos de Angel

COMMON NAME

Bamboo

ornamental

USE -

constructural

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

2-5m

APROXIMATE SIZE

6-20m

CLIMA

Coniferous Forest

CLIMA

Humedal

SOIL

pH 5-7

SOIL

pH 4,5-5,5

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE FAMILY

Poaceae

FAMILY

Poaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Yucca Filamentosa

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Phragmites Australis

COMMON NAME

Yucca

COMMON NAME

Carrizo

ornamental

USE -

ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

LIFE CYCLE

deciduous

APROXIMATE SIZE

0,75m

APROXIMATE SIZE

2-6m

CLIMA

Humedal

CLIMA

Humedal

SOIL

pH 5,5-5,7

SOIL

pH 3,7

FAMILY

Asparagaceae

FAMILY

Bignoniaceae

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Agave Lechuguilla

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Dolichandra Unguis-Cati

COMMON NAME

Ixtle

COMMON NAME

Bejuco

medicinal

USE -

medicinal, ornamental

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

LIFE CYCLE

perennial

APROXIMATE SIZE

0,6m

APROXIMATE SIZE

max. 20m

CLIMA

Humedal

CLIMA

Humedal

SOIL

pH 7,8-8,5

SOIL

pH 7,8-8,5

PROPPOSAL

VEGETATION PALLETE

PROPPOSAL