Fahim marian 756745 part a&b compressed by marian fahim

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1 Marian Fahim

CONCEPTUALISATION

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, Manue Muehlbauer Marian Fahim, 756745

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION PART A CONCEPTUALISATION A.1 Designing Futuring A.2 Design Computation A.3 Composition/Generation A.4 Conclusion A.5 Learning Outcome A.6 Algorithmic Sketch PART B CRITERIA DESIGN B.1: Research field B.2: Case Study 1 B.3: Case Study 2 B.4: Technique: Development B.5: Technique: Prototypes B.6: Technique: proposal B.7: Learning objectives and outcomes B.8: Appendix- Algorithmic sketches

INTRODUCTION

y name is Marian Fahim. I am currently in my third year of Bachelor of Environments majoring in architecture. I am very passionate about learning and gaining new skills about design and creative thinking through various experiences. I have always been interested in art and design in general. I remember myself in my early childhood spending most of my school time in art classrooms rather than anywhere else. I used to scribble and draw engineers and architects holding plans and analyzing the site. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when my dream of becoming an architect started to arise. I entered few art competitions back then.

I moved to Australia almost 6 years ago and I am originally Egyptian. I have always lived in Cairo, the main city of Egypt but it is totally different from Melbourne city. Coming from a different background helped me a lot in noticing these differences in terms of architectural techniques, conditions, and styles valued by each country. The reasons behind the variation go back to historical and cultural ethics, principles, lifestyle and other reasons. However, growing up in a high density city where high-rise buildings are spreading in no time turning city into a unlikable place to live in is something that have always bothered me. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when my interest in architecture grew larger. I started to wonder how the city would have looked if it was designed differently and other aspects are taken into consideration.

CONCEPTUALISATION

Based on my experience, one of the design ideologies that I became interested in is linking nature with architecture and I do not just mean to design sustainable buildings or have green spaces for humans but also to care for the environment itself and give its value and role in our every dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life and especially in modern cities because I feel like it is disappearing as the densities of the cities increase. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a challenging architectural discipline where new ways and circumstances can be used or discovered using various methods and getting benefits for the technological advantages and programing that our world has reached to.

DDF FINAL PROJECT (FOLDABLE SLEPPING POD)

My first architectural project was in year 12 where I aimed to design for attainable, cost-effective and eco-friendly houses for first home buyers. It was such an excitement using digital programs such as AutoCAD, Sketch-up to help me develop my ideas and plans to physically model them at the end. Through the process I realized how these programs help in the developing of the design and that they were not just visualizing tools Then I got a part time job in graphic design field where I got to work with programs, such as Photoshop, illustrator, InDesign and others through the design process. Nevertheless, through my study at The University of Melbourne, I have been constantly exposed to new computing techniques and programs like rhino and grasshopper. Honestly, I faced difficulties using them but I really appreciate them once I learnt and come to know what these programs and methods can turn my ideas and creativity into.

STUDIO EARTH (FINAL PROJECT ABOUT SECRETS) CONCEPTUALISATION 7

A A

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.1 DESING FUTURING A

rchitecture has evolved from a form of art focusing on appearance and style to a field where they focus on function and technical aspects. That itself is an amazing progression but it is not what we are trying to achieve. We are looking for a change of design definition where design plays an important role in changing the future. It is already happening as design shapes the perception of the material world (1). However, its design is outdated towards sustainability due to the fast speed of defuturing condition that the world is facing (2). This became the perilous concerns especially in the last decades as we can see the end. An ideal definition of designing for future would be that architecture and architects should use their ability to influence both people and environment by correlating both human ecosystem and nature in a positive way; that’s would be a new ideology of architecture.

According to Fry, moving towards sustainability requires a ‘massive change’ (3) as we need to not only abandon the primary design process and techniques, but also the ideology and the entire mindset. (4) The focus should be based on the redirection of design process that uses theory for critical challenging resolutions. Designer need to have the ability to make links between today’s world and the preferable and better one that needs to be achieved. (5) This is similar to Dunne and Raby writing about design and how we as designers are allowed to dream freely as this impossible dreams can be ‘powerful’ (6) in leading to that imaginary world’ rather than just following a destined path. This would not only try and change our behavior but allow more possibilities and potential including how we perceive, observe and what we experience through design and philosophies.

“CHANGE HAS TO BE BY DESIGN RATHER THAN CHANCE, DESIGN HAS TO BE IN THE FRONT-LINE OF TRANSFORMATIVE

”

ACTION.

(6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

-TONY FRY

Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16. Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.3). Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.16). Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.3). Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.14). Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press, 2013) pp. 1-9, 33-45 (p.1) Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.6). CONCEPTUALISATION 9

CASE STUDY 1: PASONA OFFICES ARCHITECT: KONO DESIGNS YEAR: 2010 LOCATION: TOKYO, JAPAN

(1)

THE EXTERIOR OF THE PASONA HEAD OFFICES SHOWING THE INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULUTURE TO ARCHITECTURE 10

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

ono Designs developed this urban or vertical farm for Pasona offices addressing the issue of city life and how the rate of young people imgirating leaving the agriculture life behind. The design dedicated about 20% of the space to green spaces where fresh vegetables are planted. They are encouraging the employees to interact with nature in an indirect way by allowing them to harvest and cultivate their own food. The building is designed to have a very sophisticated climate system which controls humidity, ventilation and temperature of the building to provide comfortable space for both employees and the farm. Kono designs obviously used high technology and new ideology of passive design to define sustainable design differently.

Architecture that focuses on educating people about nature especially in modern cities is one of the approaches that is usually missed so them designing for the nature itself and the eco-systems is an amazing achievement. However, this project has a superb value as it is sending a message to change the way in which architecture is directed. They aim to increase the public awareness about the importance of the environment. They are showing a new shift in the architectural ecofriendly building category. Their main purpose is to not only use natural resources but to actively engage human and nature in one space so peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s interest in the environment and ecosystem will increase. I think Designing futuring should highlight that architecture should have the concept of designing for the nature itself and the eco-systems and not only focus on human. This project proves a first step in the concept of designing futuring as the daily interaction with nature resulting in raising the awareness of nature forces a change in the lifestyle, routine, and the way we interact with the green spaces.

(2) EMPLOYEESâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;DAILY LIFESTYLE AND BEING EXPOSED TO FRESH VEGETABLE.

This type of project leaves a new insight to architecture coexist with nature. This inspire people to think of the surroundings and introducing nature ecology in harmony with human ecology. They redefined the definition of eco-friendly buildings in a larger- scale and used digital programs and the latest technologies to apply their goal of producing a sustainable design with minimum energy usage but still having the enormous scale. They opened up a new path for architecture which will surely inspire coming thought about future architecture.

(3) PARTICIPATING IN HARVESTING AT WORK. 12

CONCEPTUALISATION

(4) A VIEW OF JUST PLANTED AREA VERSUS AFTER IMAGE OF FULLY GROWN PLANTS IN THE HALLWAY.

CONCEPTUALISATION 13

CASE STUDY 2: ZOOTOPIA ARCHITECT: DANISH ARCHITECT BIG STATUS: IN PROGRESS LOCATION: GIVSKUD, DENMARK

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(5) A COMPLETED DIGITAL VIEW OF THE ZOOTOPIA CONCEPTUALISATION 15

anish architect BIG established designs for a zoo but using different definition and limitations. Their aim is to design a “free possible environment for the animals’ lives and relationship with each other and visitors.” (1) They are not following the typical approach of architecture which is to design for man-made ecology to suit the way our cities are formed and the way we live. They are attempting a unique idea which is to “integrate and hide building” (2) within the landscape to mask their appearance to animals and making it suitable to each individual kind. They are actually going away from the traditional approach of giving human the authority or power to control the space by involving nature and wild life instead of capturing it. They are hoping to go back into the “urban jungle” as this might influence how we currently live or how we will live in the future.

(1)

(6) THE EVOLUTION OF IDEA OF A ZOO AND THE BOUNDRIES BRAKAGE

This project give attention to an important aspect of designing futuring as it highlight that we should not be limited by building and design for a better environment for all creatures and not only us humans. This try transforms human’s selfishness and fear of wildness by letting them interrelate with wildness as we need to maintain and look after ecological diversity to create a balanced future. The idea of connecting animals, nature, humans in one space without cages really breaks the traditional perception of a zoo that makes profit to the government.

Becky Quintal, BIG Unveils Design For “Zootopia” In Denmark (Denmark, BIG, 2014)

<http://www.archdaily.com/532248/big-unveils-design-for-zootopia-in-denmark > [accessed 1 March, 2017] (2)

Becky Quintal, BIG Unveils Design For “Zootopia” In Denmark (Denmark, BIG, 2014)

<http://www.archdaily.com/532248/big-unveils-design-for-zootopia-in-denmark > [accessed 1 March, 2017] 16

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(6) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANIMALS AND HUMAN CONCEPTUALISATION 17

“NATURAL DESIGN IS MORE THAN IMITATING THE APPEARANCE OF THE ORGANIC. IT IS LEARNING FROM NATURAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN HOW TO PRODUCE FORM IN RESPONSE TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT. THIS IS AN AGE IN WHICH DIGITALLY

”

INFORMED DESIGN CAN ACTUALLY PRODUCE A SECOND NATURE.

CONCEPTUALISATION

-OXMAN

(2)

A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION D

esign computation in architecture which can be seen through an interactive relationship between digital design software and designs has an undeniable effect in improving the creativity and productivity of design in terms of construction, engineering and materials aspects. It is very important to differentiate between computerization and computation and their effect on the architecture in terms of approach and thinking. Firstly, architects used to use Digital programs as a computerization method which is just manipulating the drawn existing concepts in a refined way which was not as beneficial to design process until computation is developed. Computation achieved a new domain of architecture where ‘science, technology, design culture’ are being combined.

(1) (2)

Computation introduces a better opportunities of creativity and complexity. The complexity of geometries, structure and building forms is widened to much more intricate and efficiency using design parameters instead of traditional thinking. It uses computers to produce and develop an idea critically by building it up but it is not considered as problem solving architects still got a role of choosing design among the options which can accomplish the requirement of the task. It also helps in communicating ideas and invite more people to be involved in the design process.(1) computation keeps on developing and taking a bigger part of design as we try to develop its systems and use them as advantageous tool to assist the designer to design but not forgetting that the designer is the one controlling these computing programs.

Kalay, Yehuda E., Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of ComputerAided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5-25 (p.13). Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds, Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1–10 (p.8).

CONCEPTUALISATION 19

CASE STUDY 1: RESEARCH PAVILION 2011 ARCHITECTS: ICD-ITKE UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART YEAR: 2011 LOCATION: STUTTGART, GERMANY

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(7) FULL VIEW OF THE PAVILION CONCEPTUALISATION 21

he 2011 pavilion is designed by the stuff and some students at the University of Stuttgart which is based on the biological principles of the sea urchinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plate skeleton. They used computation methods and digital fabrication to come with an efficient way to design and construct the pavilion. This introduced the idea of how robotic techniques can produce a various number of complex dynamic geometries and form which can be assembled using plywood sheets.

This design exposed the importance of computation in producing various shapes that can form a 3D space with high performance and flexibility for people and that is a result of the different geometries. in construction aspect, computation helped in producing an effective joint that can connect all element easily by intersecting three plate edges at one point. This design also opens a new path not only to lightweight construction but also to load bearing shapes which allowed a wide domain of usage in the future. The design clearly shows interlinks between computation, finding and construction. This experiment attests the role of algorithms and computation in developing architectural ideologies and rules.

(8) ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR MAKING THE DESIGN

(9) ASSEMBLING AN ELEMENT OF THE PAVILION.

(10) THE PREFABRICAATION JOINTS 22

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(11) THE COMPLETED PAVILION AND THE DIGITAL VERSION AND THE COMPUTATION PROCESS. CONCEPTUALISATION 23

CASE STUDY 2: SERPENTINE PAVILION OPENS ALONGSIDE

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4 SUMMERHOUSES ARCHITECTS: BJARKE INGLES GROUP, BIG YEAR: 2016 LOCATION: LONDON

(12) A COMPLETERD PAVILION IN REAL LIFE. CONCEPTUALISATION 25

IG designed the Serpentine Pavilion which consists of “unzipped wall” where straight line of fiberglass bricks splits into two rolling sides creating an inhabiting space. The pavilion has a complex form but is mainly based on parametic design using simple geometric rules. It is stated that the pavilion is simply based on “a simple manipulation of the archetypal spacedefining garden wall” which is a result of the accuracy and calculation of algorithms. This project mainly depended on digital technologies to come up with sophisticated result as computation allowed them to change materials, dimensions of bricks and component, forms without the need of remodeling from the start each time. The use of algorithms reduced the limitations and increases the ability of producing more complex and unique forms which can be built and constructed in real life.it is very fascinating how parametric design can change and transform the most basic forms to a complex environment space by just using set principles. Looking at the diagrams we can see the progress of the design and how it was transformed to the final modular form. We can see how a typical wall was modified using computation to the Serpentine Pavilion at last. Also, they have a significant use of algorithms to split a single flat wall to the two sides which allowing a special experience through it is space. The idea that we can take from this project is that design computation can turn what we see ordinary into a complex and intriguing ideas which can help us develop more freely from the traditional path of architecture. Overall, computation design indeed strengthens the design process but we also need to our set goals and ideas as a foundation.

(13) THE DESIGN COMPONENETS AND THE ASSEMBLING TECHNIQUE.

(15) ASPECTS OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SPACE. 26

CONCEPTUALISATION

(14) THE TRANFORMATION OF A SIMPLE IDEA TO A COMPLEX ONE USING COMPUTATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

“WHEN

ARCHITECTS HAVE A SUFFICIENT UNDERSTANDING OF

ALGORITHMIC CONCEPTS, WHEN WE NO LONGER NEED TO DISCUSS THE DIGITAL AS SOMETHING DIFFERENT, THEN COMPUTATION CAN BECOME A TRUE METHOD OF DESIGN FOR ARCHITECTURE.

CONCEPTUALISATION

- BRADY PETERS

”

(4)

A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION C

omputational methods are undergoing a shift in the design approach from composition to generation using the development of technology. This shift enhances the designer’s abilities to comprehend not only the complexity of project’s construction steps and stages but also the assembly of parameters that are involved in its formation. Digital software passed the stage of only representation and modeling to new era where architects not use software but ‘they create software.’(1) They are now able to come up with design outcomes through the design process as the computer generate and analyses performance, construction systems, materials usage and other detailed analysis to get a critical comparison between solutions before building them in real life(2). This development increases the rate of accuracy, effectiveness and succession of design in Complex situations.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Algorithm thinking is introduced to generative design and that is a method for ordering computers to do a certain action (3) that can perform according the limitation of rules and generates infinite variations.in other word, it is one of the most effective form finding process that results in creative ideas that is based on a series of algorithms. The process strarts by scripting the computer to follow a condition based on specific behaviour, feature that is run by a simple rule to create different options following the analysis and information provided. The design outcome would usually bring about ideal designs in various aspects such as efficiency and performance in the specified setting, space, and materials.

Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, (2013) pp. 08-15 (p.10). Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, (2013) pp. 08-15 (p.13). Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, (2013) pp. 08-15 (p.10). Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, (2013) pp. 08-15 (p.12).

CONCEPTUALISATION 29

CASE STUDY 1: REN PEOPLE'S TOWER ARCHITECTS: BJARKE INGLES GROUP, BIG YEAR: 2010 LOCATION: SHANGHAI, CHINA

CONCEPTUALISATION

(16) THE VIEW OF THE PROJECT WITHIN THE CONTEXT CONCEPTUALISATION 31

he REN building is a competition proposal for a hotel, conference center for the Word Expo 2010 and it is characterized by merging two building into one. The form of the building is eye-catching but looking through the idea and the methods, the building provide a new vision of architecture that reinforced by parametric design and generation. The tower shows how patterns and shapes have evolved in the design process using a series of algorithms to produced such an outcome. We can that computation not only helped in producing an appealing aesthethic but also modified the form to provide a systemic building in terms of construction and spacing.

The project is another example where computation challenges the traditional architecture that has been leading the world by trying to introduce new ways of adapting intelligently with the environment through unique forms. The use of parametric concepts also allows a precise exploration of material use, construction and building systems which provide new choices and option to architecture. I see this is an interesting example of how towers can be designed in the future to allow a better life in the city rather than just placing huge blocks of buildings next to each other and I believe that computation design still have a bigger role in the architecture in the future.

(17) THE FOUNDATION OF THE IDEA

(18) A DIAGRAM SHOWING THE SPACING PLAN

CONCEPTUALISATION

(19) DIGITIALLY MADE VIEW OF THE TOWER TO SHOW THE COMPLEX FORM CONCEPTUALISATION 33

CASE STUDY 2: RESEARCH PAVILION 2013-14

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ARCHITECTS: ICD-ITKE UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART YEAR: 2013-2014 LOCATION: STUTTGART, GERMANY

(20) THE COMPLETED PAVILION CONCEPTUALISATION 35

his pavilion designed by the ICD (the Institute for Computational Design) and ITKE ( the Institute of Building Structure and Structural Design) of the university of Stuttgart is one of the successful design that shows creative design, fabrication methods in architecture. The pavilion is based on beetles and in particular the Elytron, a rough protective shell covering its wings and abdomen. Through analytical research, it was proven that it would have the best performance. The most interesting thing in this project is how potentials of digital design and fabrication helped in developing and assembling the pavilion.

They used the computation and digital technologies to solve the main problem of fabricating each element and connecting them as it has a very complex form and geometries. They analyzed data and information collected to allow a further exploration to more concepts through computation techniques to come up with a finalized idea using algorithms. Then fabrication process started to take place using winding technique caused by robotics following the digital scripts. Even though, the main concept was analyze, the result is fixed as it is produced and modified through the design process which allows a variety of options and findings which can be improved by changing parameters and algorithms. The computation process also helped in reducing the formwork and limitation to the geometrics forms. The project is an ideal example to show the importance and benefits of parametric design and computation in our design thinking now and in the future and how can computation change the future of architecture.

CONCEPTUALISATION

(21) DIGRAMING THE FORM PROCESS OF DIGITAL FABRICATION.`

(22) THE ROBORTICS STAGE

(23) THE STAGES OF DESIGN

CONCEPTUALISATION 37

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A.4 CONCLUSION: T

hrough Part A, we got to explore new aspects of design process and the emergence of the computational methods and their effects on the design behavior. The readings helped us in developing analytical views about sustainability and the technological advances we are as designers should benefit from them. The main idea that was explained in part A is the evolution of computation in architecture. There is no doubt that computational advances have great influences on the design field in several aspects. We are all aware that computerization, which increased the precision and accuracy of visual documents that were shown to other people as a tool of communication, is different from computation. Computation has developed the productivity and the creativity of design methods such generative design method, algorithmic design and the mindset of design in general. Digital methods has become a instrument that we can use to analysis and generate data and formulas to come up with a complex design within the set environment that can be built easily and perform as expected in real life. The developments of the parametric design have surpassed the conventional problem solving system and reduce the limitations that have restricted design. It has strengthen the design process and helped the designer in making an effective decision towards a better problem solving concept to produce a well designed project.

It is evident through looking at precedence projects, we can how it is already been used successfully in the architectural field to bring out creative, deliberate and up-to-date design ideas into the real world. All this computational progresses developed new pathways in the production of solutions for complex situation which address the sustainability and defuturing issue. The ideas that might have been just thoughts in the past are transforming into real projects with the help of algorithms and parametric design. This proves that computation is evolving to become a key method that can be used to challenge global environmental problems. I plan to take a different approach compared to my previous projects where I will allow the computational methods to scheme and formulate abstract ideas, structures, and forms based on the data I will set as a foundation. As I mentioned before about my interest in sustainability and environmental design, I would like to include these concepts and rules to my design as I think they are important goals in our todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s architecture. I would also like to embrace the environment itself to the design and give its importance rather than just focusing on human ecology. I believe that we as designer should try to break the barriers because it is better to achieve a connection between human ecology and nature for a better future. Therefore, I will base my design on these basics idea and do further research to collect to be used in my parametric design later to achieve a desirable result and also meet the brief. CONCEPTUALISATION 39

CONCEPTUALISATION

A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES: I

have been inspired from the theories and precedence research and especially the Designing Futuring reading since I already have interest in the sustainable design issue and its approaches. I liked how they raised the idea that human should be concern about the environment as much as they are concerned about their lives because they are all related and that defuturing is mostly a result of our decisions we take thinking that we are following the normal. The strong idea of a need to change in the design thinking and process was one of the points that I strongly agree with as we need to be brave and break the traditional ways in order to develop and improve to the better. It was also interesting to see how computation is already allowing designers to develop a completely new ideology and design thinking. Seeing the influential developments of computation in design and how they allowed a more complex and innovative form to design using simple techniques and scripts in algorithms and parametric methods. It is very important to understand how the system of algorithms. Looking at algorithms made me develop an interest in the complex form that can be created through digital programs such as Rhino. Therefore, I have challenged myself to experience a various techniques to develop my skills. Personally, I have struggled using scripts as it looked a bit complicated but as I start to study each one and explore in more detail, I have come to see what these technology can offer me to help my design process. It is indeed will help me in my final project and also in future to generate more flexible, creative, and complex design ideas.

My understanding of basic computing methods and parameters this semester has enlarged my perspective about how these techniques and skills could have been used to develop my previous projects in terms of showing the complexities of the design idea better as I have felt physical modeling did not show the strong point of ideas. Also, I could have used the technologies to analysis the data provided to the assigned site and adapt or create a enhanced design based on my foundation of ideas that I set for myself. Overall, through my experience with parametric design and algorithms, I believe that parametric design is indeed not just a digital tool but a critical exploration in design analysis and problem solving that creates new paths and increases possibilities. It also makes it easier to fabricate and build design. Therefore, it allows designers to produce aesthetically satisfying but also efficient designs.

CONCEPTUALISATION 41

A.6 APPENDIX:

SETUP LOOP

2D GEOMETRIC FORMULAS T

CONCEPTUALISATION

MATHS SURFACES ALGORITHMS

COCOON STRUCTURE

VORONOI STRUCTURE

TO FORM VARIETY OF ROSES.

CONCEPTUALISATION 43

BILBIOGRAPHY: - Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona, Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press, 2013) pp. 1-9, 33-45 - Fry, Tony, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg,2008), pp. 1–16 (p.). - Kalay, Yehuda E., Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5-25 - Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds, Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1–10 - Peters, Brady, ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, (2013) pp. 08-15

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CONCEPTUALISATION 45

IMAGES REFERENCES:

(1)

Architizer, Pasona H.Q. Tokyo (Tokyo: Kono Designs LLC, 2011)

< http://architizer.com/projects/pasona-hq-tokyo/> [accessed 1 March, 2017] (2)

Architizer, Pasona H.Q. Tokyo (Tokyo: Kono Designs LLC, 2011)

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Architizer, Pasona H.Q. Tokyo (Tokyo: Kono Designs LLC, 2011)

< http://architizer.com/projects/pasona-hq-tokyo/> [accessed 1 March, 2017] (4)

Architizer, Pasona H.Q. Tokyo (Tokyo: Kono Designs LLC, 2011)

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Becky Quintal, BIG Unveils Design For “Zootopia” In Denmark (Denmark, BIG, 2014)

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Becky Quintal, BIG Unveils Design For “Zootopia” In Denmark (Denmark, BIG, 2014)

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Becky Quintal, BIG Unveils Design For “Zootopia” In Denmark (Denmark, BIG, 2014)

<http://www.archdaily.com/532248/big-unveils-design-for-zootopia-in-denmark > [accessed 1 March, 2017] (8) ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2011) < http://www.archdaily.com/200685/icditke-research-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart > [accessed 13 March, 2017] (9)

ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2011)

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ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2011)

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ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD / ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2011)

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Bjarke Ingels Group,Serpentine Pavilion 2016 (London, BIG, 2016),

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Bjarke Ingels Group,Serpentine Pavilion 2016 (London, BIG, 2016),

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Rory Stott, BIG’s 2016 Serpentine Pavilion Opens Alongside 4 Summerhouses (London, BIG, 2016)

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Tylene Levesque, The REN Building Takes the Form of a Sloping Chinese Character (china, BIG, 2011)

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Tylene Levesque, The REN Building Takes the Form of a Sloping Chinese Character (china, BIG, 2011)

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Tylene Levesque, The REN Building Takes the Form of a Sloping Chinese Character (china, BIG, 2011)

< http://inhabitat.com/the-%E4%BA%BA-ren-building/ > [accessed 13 March, 2017]

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(19)

Tylene Levesque, The REN Building Takes the Form of a Sloping Chinese Character (china, BIG, 2011)

< http://inhabitat.com/the-%E4%BA%BA-ren-building/ > [accessed 13 March, 2017] (20)

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2014)

< http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart > [accessed 10 March, 2017] (21)

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2014)

< http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart > [accessed 10 March, 2017] (22)

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2014)

< http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart > [accessed 10 March, 2017] (23)

ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 / ICD-ITKE University of Stuttgart (Germany, ICD_ITKE University, 2014)

< http://www.archdaily.com/522408/icd-itke-research-pavilion-2015-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart > [accessed 10 March, 2017]

This is the last printable page in your book and will print on the left side. CONCEPTUALISATION 47

B B

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B.1 RESEARCH FIELD: A

s a starting point for the development of the technique, I have chosen Structure for my research field. I believe that the best architectural designs are comprised of combination of purpose, structure and form. Essentially, Structure is a primary element for any design. Structure emphasizes the arrangements and the connections between parts and elements of complex designs so to create any form a successful forms or projects; structure is needed in order to be achieved. Structure is a field that mainly focus or based on a system that follows to meet the requirements. This makes it beneficial to use computational methods and parametric programs to manipulate and adjust the design. For example, using grasshopper software to come up with a complex form facilitate the process as the shape, the number of members, the joints and other variables can be easily modified, manipulated, or adjusted.

For structure, core frame design can take the forms of lattice grid, column grid, waffle grid, contours, and expressive form. Then developing this structure, other techniques and materials can be used to improve the efficiency and functionality of the structure in the existing site. In terms of conceptual design implications, structure can be used to design several forms including small to massive forms, linear plane to curvilinear planes. Using the forms mentioned above, structure method can also generate different complex and abstract forms which can act as load bearing as well as aesthetic. However, fabrication methods or opportunities can be limited depending on several factors such as the performance requirements, material choices, structural membersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; connections or piecing together.

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(1) Beijing national stadium

ne example that shows how structure can be used as a method to design an outstanding project is Beijing national stadium 2008 by Herzog and de Meuron. This building looks complex but also seems to have a random arrangement of lattices which forms the bird nestâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s silhouette for the building. This stadium is designed using computation methods to achieve natural pattern, expressive form as well as the structural integrity while maintaining the compulsory strength and functional aspects. Nevertheless, taking in consideration that the stadium is chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural icon which is inviting people from all over the world, the bird nest form achieved the universal approval in terms of form inspiration, beauty, structure and function.

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nother example showing the complexity of structure is Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, 2005 by Alvaro Siza Vieria. The pavilion is primarily designed and constructed using irregular square grid with a undulating roof grid that integrates the structure with the surrounding nature. We can notice the connections to the ground influencing on the shapes, sizes and the angles of the bottom part of the grid in order to have a structure that can withstand structural loads. This shows that a clear understanding of structural elements and a study of each element while considering existing factors of the surrounds and the structure itself is required to have a successful form.

(2) Serpentine Gallery Pavilion

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B.2 CASE STUDY 1:

(TWISTED TOWER)

Species 1: change in the number of elements sizes, twisting, loads, deflection factors and number sliders of the definition

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Species 2: change base geometry, dividing shapes, combine shapes, piping

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Species 3: change in base geometry, xyz directions

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Species 4: change geometry to surfaces, lofting, use triangular grids, nodes

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SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES: F

or this part, a definition is to be studied and analyzed to produce different iterations which are different from the original which will act as inspiration for the coming tasks. However, if only number slider is to be changed, not much difference would occur so I have challenged myself to try and change aspects of the definition by adding or substituting parts of the definition to lead to different forms. As a results, four successful outcomes have been developed from the initial definition which can be fabricated and designed in real life.

Easy to fabricate Allow a steady structure Other techniques can be used for covering the structure

Easy to fabricate Simple but efficient connections Allow air flow and transparency Other techniques can be used for covering the structure 56

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Good effect of lighting and shading Act a shelter

Simple but efficient connections Allow air flow and transparency Other techniques can be used for covering the structure

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B.3 CASE STUDY 2: JAPAN PAVILION T his pavilion is designed by Shigeru Ban and Frei Otta in 2000 and it is known for connection between material performance and advance technology. The expo 2000 has a defined theme which was environment and Ban introduced the possibility of using recyclable materials such as paper tubes to construct a full structural system. This broke the stereotype which thinks paper is too fragile and it is not enough to hold any loads. Also, the connections and joints of elements are proving his theory. For example, fabric tape and wooden splices were used independently to connect the frame together. Ban has set goals to improve quality of life by using recyclable materials supporting the design future associated with sustainability through his architecture and it very clear in this pavilion. He has created a new type of lightweight architecture where he used paper tube architecture and fireproof paper covering to perform as a shelter. In addition to its lightweight, it is relatively fast and cheap to construct. Nevertheless, he stated that the paper cover was not structurally needed but rather to meet regulations and achieve a fireproofed space he introduced this paper cover to the design which also worked as a shield. The final pavilion prove that paper tube, fabric tape and such materials can maintain a variety of loads and stand forces like other structural frames. Not only that but also achieving â&#x20AC;&#x153;the dreamâ&#x20AC;? of fast and easy construction without using large embodied energy materials. The reason I choose this pavilion as my case study is my interest in futuring architecture that consider the environment in the design. Also, the pavilion despite it complex shape, it was based on a simple method using parametric programing forming a rigid structure. I liked how the materials are all recyclable and organic.

(3) Structure of the pavilion

(4) Structure of the pavilion 58

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(5) Japan Pavilion

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(6) Japan Pavilion (interior) 59

REVERSE ENGINEERING: 5 STEPS OF RECREATING THE PAVILION

1. DRAW CIRCLES

2. CONNECT CIRCLES

3. LOFT SURFACE

4. DIVIDE SURFACE

7. CULL PATTERNING (CONNECTING LINES)

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PARAMETRIC DIAGRAMING: RADIUS

NUM (SET IT TO 25 AS THE DIAMETERS OF the circles)

CIRCLES SURFACE

CONSTRUCT POINTS (XYZ) (4POINTS)

MULTIPLICATION

(4 of them)

(plugin the x-coordinate of the first point)

RADIUS JOIN (connect all the arcs)

TANGENT ARCS (coonect to Num from step 1 )

REVOLUTION

ISOTRIM DOMAIN (A=180 & B=360)

DIVIDE SURFACE

CULL PATTERNS

NUMBER SLIDERS PANELS

BAKE

PIPING

LINE (connect 1 to 4 and 2 to 3)

NUMBER SLIDERS

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FINAL OUTCOME:

FINAL LINE DRAWING OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME OF THE JAPAN PAVILION

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FINAL RENDERED DRAWING OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME OF THE JAPAN PAVILION

CONCEPTUALISATION 63

B.4 TECHNIQUE/ DEVELOPMENT:

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fter developing the script of reverse engineering for the Japan Pavilion, it was esstential to generate a series of iterations that have a variety of shapes and styles than the original case study. The number of variability will help developing a better project toward the following tasks as different iterations will be considered and compared with the brief requirement in order to be used. This might include the iteration or a certain element of the script which they can be combined to generate more advanced and developed design in later stage. Looking at the iterations and the brief factors, four of the most successful iterations are selected in the next page which they suit the brief.

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SUCCESSFUL OUTCOMES: T

he iteration provides an interesting space that can be used for a shelter. It is uniform grid gives the form simplicity and makes it easy to fabricate. The brief is asked for a place that events can be taken place which suits this form. Also this iteration allows further development as other materials can be added to the main frame structure. It is also interesting to see the interaction with the environment as the structure is to be placed outdoor.

he second iteration allows enclosure and the space can be used for event. The triangulation in this shape provides stability to the structure and the nodes facilitate the connection between each part. The uniformity in the pattern makes the form easy to fabricate. This also allows a further development or option to the design as more materials and techniques can be used to fill the frame to allow a sense of shelter.

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his iteration is selected due to it is form as it provide enclosure in a circular surface which can be used for events and performance. The circular shape allows air circulation and movement. The main structure is wrapped around the space which allows stability and the triangular components can behave as shading but still not fully blocking and isolating people and the space from the surrounding environment.

he last iteration has a specular shape that allows a higher level of enclosure and develops a sense of interest. It also creates its movement through its form. The roof of the iteration has a delicate pattern which can be used to inco-operate a skin to the structure to function as a shelter. The structure is based on structural frame with triangular frame which allows air circulation.

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SELECTED CRITERIA: I

narrowed down my successful outcomes to these two as they meet the brief requirements and create an enclosed space through their circulation and form. The grid used in both allows further development as other iterations and components can be introduced to the definition to develop a cover or skin to this open frames and also use of materials would affect the structure and the role of it on site so I believe that these two concept can be taken to further development with the incorporation of the other design to form a better final outcome. As I mentioned above that the two concepts meet the brief, I choose the second design to develop as its form and pattern suit the site and the function of the pavilion taking into consideration the materials to be used and the effects needed to be achieved.

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 73

B.5 TECHNIQUE/ PROTOTYPES: Main structure: The first picture shows the core structure of the design and how the curves are rolled to be placed on ground. The thickness of these curve should be thick than the secondary structure to create the desired outcome and form

I want to use a material that gives lighting effects to the structure as one of my design intentions is to use light of the pavilion to perform and hold events using the lighting. Therefore, I decided to use glow in the dark material to achieve similar outcome. These main curves are to be connected to the ground using screw connection and they should hold themselves as shown in the picture.

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Unsucessful connections To fill the secondary structure, I tried few ways to connect the traigular frame. first, I tried timber sticks which are connected straight to the primary structure by drilling holes in it but the structure was so stiff and that wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work as effective because the curve variation of the structure. I also tried to use circular nodes/ connector but it was aesthetically pleasing and it would not suit my design concept as it is to design a flow through the structure. Then I tried to use steel wire which also lead to a inflexible structure that wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t function with curvy structure.

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ue to the failure of the previous prototypes, I decided to use a more flexible material that will allow movement so I used strings. Strings were easy to connect as they were tied around the primary structure which increased the strength of the structure. By using string, the abilities to create different shading as density of the strings can lead to specular results. Also, strings keep my intention of having an open pavilion to integrate with the surrounding.

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(7) Strings patterning

(8) Strings patterning

Patterning examples: Nevertheless, strings can also create very unique patterns and different shapes with variability of density depending on their arrangements. These are some examples when strings are used to form patterns and space through it which controls the movement of each component. Each of these patterns can be applied to the design to create a secondary structure and also a skin at the same time. (9) Strings patterning

(10) Strings patterning

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B.6 TECHNIQUE/ PROPOSAL: SITE ANALYSIS T

he brief assigned is to design an outdoor/exterior space along the Merri Creek or around the site where events and performance can take place and associate to the BigBang Studioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s activities. The brief also requires achieving specific requirements such as providing lightweight structure space enclosure, air movement. These points are critical to understand the spatial properties of the design and how it can function through its form. Based on research, the site was known to be industrial area and was not preferred by people. However, it is changing as more commercial buildings are being built and the area is developing slowly. There are community activities arising as there is a church next door and 2 children facilities nearby. The area is characterized to have a top plate where BBQ and small outdoor activities occur and a bottom plate where the creek is. The land is a 99 years lent by the studio. The site is known to have a moist land near the water and it is sheltered from the wind by its own vegetation and trees. One more positive characteristics is the noise stops around the corner which emphasis that the idea of having outdoor activities can be done without disturbing the surrounding.

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evertheless, I found that most of the studio performances depend on the effect of lighting and shades. They use colorful lights and different shades in a dark environment while performing to creative a unique picture of the story as shown the pictures. This enhance my idea of using lights and colour in my external pavilion as that will attract more attention and invite who is interested in using the design to held performance. This means that the pavilion will not only be used a communal place but actually act as a part of the studio to held functions and performances at. Therefore I went on with my research about glow in the dark structural installations to develop a better understanding of the design I intended to create.

(11) Site analysis

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B.6 TECHNIQUE/ PROPOSAL: PRECEDENTS 1.The eye of the storm- Burning Man 2017

his design looks very complex due to 3-D dimensional form but in fact the structure is made six sided box called twists with spirals merging in the center. This form is developed through parametric methods and finalized to be formed but what is more interesting is the way light/color is added to the structure which gives it more dynamic form to its original form. Also, colored lighting attracts people and encourages them to integrate with the installation. The precedent uses light to direct the audience and lead them through the design in a meaningful way is one of the reason I chose to use light as well in my design. Making use of spaces at night by adding light to it is one of my points that I am in cooperating with my design.

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81 (12) The eye of the storm

2.The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Infinity squaredâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Light Sculpture- 2012

his design was formed during Vivid festival 2012. The installation is required to have a rigid structure in order to stand the weather condition as well as the interaction from the crowd. The interesting thing with this project that the structure is based on repeating a geometric form and connecting them using electroluminescent glow wire which create several number of coloured light effects. This design is based on simple geometry which outlayed on different angles to create the main core structure and then used the wires to connect the primary component to create an overall look that looks dynamic. This concept is very similar to my design process as to create my design form, a prime structure is needed (main pipes) then the wires/ strings are used to connect then to create a space with interesting effects.

CONCEPTUALISATION

(13) Infinity squared light sculpture

CONCEPTUALISATION 83

3.Cornea TI: Light Installation at Luminale 2014

his installation is created by the interior architecture students from the School of Design Mainz with Ensemble Modern Frankfurt for their 2014 festival. The design consists of three containers that provide interactive space and visitors would walk through the tunnels and integrate the light with their movement through the space. One more interesting thing about this design is that the light changes when a sound is caused. This precedent not only showing light and its connection with people and space but also the structure of the space is well thought as they use waffle structure method to form the interior space with different dimensions and aspects. This precedent explains one aspect of my intended design proposal as I am aiming to design a space that is not only used but rather inviting the audience to incorporate and benefit from its structural frame and the surrounding through lights and form.

CONCEPTUALISATION

(14) Cornea TI CONCEPTUALISATION 85

B.6 TECHNIQUE/ PROPOSAL: STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS G

oing on with my analysis to the site and how the structure will fit in and influence the surrounding and the studio, so I decided to draw the following diagram to illustrate my intention from the design.

Firstly, the design is formed to be rigid and stable as it has a primary structure (the tubes/curves) which are connected to the ground so they should withstand wind and other lateral forces but there is gravity force which is pulling the structure which would affect it. Therefore, an opposite force is needed to hold up the structure which is in this case caused by the secondary structure (the wires/ strings) which are pulling the structure horizontally while gravity is trying to pull it downwards. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s one of the reasons why I chose strings as not only they are flexible and creative different patterns but also act a structure element in the structure. This is shown in the diagram below.

primary structure secondary structure gravity force Opposite force

CONCEPTUALISATION

Merri Creek Bottom Plate

The Design

Top plate Existing studio

people watching from the top walking circulation/ connection to the studio

The second diagram emphasizes the location of the design and how that incorporates with the movement of people and the connection between the top plate and bottom plate and the Merri Creek. The design connects all three and attract more attention to the area which was neglected before as if there are a performance in the designed pavilion, people will need to move around the pathways to enter and also people can watch and have a view from the top view which would interest them and encourage them to go down and check the pavilion and thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when they also interact with the surrounding environment by walking through and admiring the view

CONCEPTUALISATION 87

B.6 TECHNIQUE/ PROPOSAL: F

ollowing the analysis process and researches done on the studio itself and other precedents, my design proposal represents an initial idea of what to be developed and achieved through the coming process. My idea is to design a small pavilion along the Merri Creek on the land owned by the studio and offering a new space to be used interactively with the surrounding environment. The pavilion itself is creating an enclosed space but in the same time not fully isolating the performances, activities and the audience from the surrounding but in fact my aim is to try to incooperate the surrounding nature and views of the creek with the design through using strings a secondary frame to give the ability to expose the outside and also creating an interesting shade and shadow in the morning which reflect the air movement in space. In addition, the pavilion is to be designed using a glow in the dark materials to allow a creative and unique lightings and effects at night that can attract performances to be held in outdoor space. The idea of the pavilion is try to invite people to come and interact with the studio and in more specific the creek and the nature and try erase the idea of an industrial area from their thought. In my best way is to try to connect art, structure, nature together to strengthen the message of the design.

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Perspective view

Side view

Top view

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B.6 TECHNIQUE/ PROPOSAL:

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 91

B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: D

uring this part of the studio, I was challenged with various aspects of the design process such as developing an argument through parametric designs and definitions to develop an advanced idea of what we need to do. There was also prototyping which was a strong driver of the progress as I started to think about the structure and the construction of the design ideas and what can used in order to offer unlimited developments in the further stage. For the digital programing and computation, I realized the benefits and its advances through the implementation and practice while trying to produce number of iterations which reinforced my skills in scripting and developed my understanding of the program significantly. I noticed that my skilled are improved as I am able to create definition on my own in less time compared to the start of the semester. One more thing that helped with not only the scripting but improved my analyzing skills is reverse engineering as we looked at how the project was fabricated and the influence of materials used and other aspects that connect to the design process. However, I still lack in knowledge as the parametric programing is too wide and I struggled few times with producing a successful definition as sometimes there would be errors that I found hard to fix.

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The shift from parametric testing to an initial proposal thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s responding to the brief has improved my understanding of how Grasshopper can be used as a tool to produce a sequence of randomized alterations. Creating many iterations has an importance of not only considering various possibilities for a design, but the way in which iterations can be combined and modified to produce a proper response to meet the brief. Nevertheless, precedent projects supported me in making a case for my initial proposal and developed my vision and understanding which helped in explore the brief, site, and potentials of materials and design. Overall, being exposed to a range of methods and media improve my understanding and capability of using parametric methods. Also, shifting from digital models to physical models highlights the importance of fabrication and how it needs to be considered in the work process of any design.

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B.8 APPENDIX- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES:

REVERSE ENGINERING ALGORITHMS TUTORIAL

VORONOI GRID DISTURBANCE 94

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VORONOI GRID AND LOFTING

DIVIDE SURFACE AND APLLYING MATERIAL EFFECT

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TRACTOR LINE ALOGRITHMS

REVERSE ENGINE

LUNCHBOX PANELING

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ERING ALGORITHMS TUTORIAL

METABLE

VOLUME HEIGHT VARIATION

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BILBIOGRAPHY: - Herzog de Meuron, Beijing National Stadium (China, 2011) <http://www.archdaily.com/776995/iaks-selects-8-outstanding-sports-and-leisure-facilities-as-all-time-best?ad_medium=widget&ad_ name=recommendation > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Ă lvaro Siza , Serpentine Gallery Pavilion (London, 2005) <https://www.dezeen.com/2015/11/29/video-interview-alvaro-siza-eduardo-souto-de-moura-2005-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-juliapeyton-jones-movie/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Peter Davey, Paper Palace in Hanover (Tokyo, 2000)<https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/shigeru-ban/paper-palace-inhanover-by-shigeru-ban/8660572.article > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Shigeru Ban, Japan Pavilion Expo (Tokyo, 2000) < https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/japan-pavillion-expo-2000-hannover/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Ban, Exterior of the Japan pavilion (2000) < https://au.pinterest.com/onelulubell/japanese-pavilion-hanover-ger-shigeru-ban-architec/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Peter Davey, Paper Palace in Hanover (Tokyo, 2000)<https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/shigeru-ban/paper-palace-inhanover-by-shigeru-ban/8660572.article > [accessed 20 April, 2017] - Bigbang studio < http://bigbangstudio.com.au/about/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] - Mayacalleja, The Eye of The Storm [accessed 20 April, 2017] < https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/the-eye-of-the-storm/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] - Bow Jaruwangsanti, Christa Van Zoeren, Catalina Chica, Kristy, 2012 IES NSW COMMEDNATION AWARD WINNER (NSW, 2012), < http://www. illumni.co/2012-ies-nsw-commendation-award-winner-infinity-squared-light-sculpture/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] - Cornea TI: Light Installation at Luminale (2014), < http://theinspirationgrid.com/cornea-ti-light-installation-at-luminale-2014/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017]

CONCEPTUALISATION

IMAGES REFERENCES: (1) Herzog de Meuron, Beijing National Stadium (China, 2011) <http://www.archdaily.com/776995/iaks-selects-8-outstanding-sports-and-leisure-facilities-as-all-time-best?ad_medium=widget&ad_ name=recommendation > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (2) Ă lvaro Siza , Serpentine Gallery Pavilion (London, 2005) <https://www.dezeen.com/2015/11/29/video-interview-alvaro-siza-eduardo-souto-de-moura-2005-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-juliapeyton-jones-movie/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (3) Peter Davey, Paper Palace in Hanover (Tokyo, 2000)<https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/shigeru-ban/paper-palace-inhanover-by-shigeru-ban/8660572.article > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (4) Shigeru Ban, Japan Pavilion Expo (Tokyo, 2000) < https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/japan-pavillion-expo-2000-hannover/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (5) Ban, Exterior of the Japan pavilion (2000) < https://au.pinterest.com/onelulubell/japanese-pavilion-hanover-ger-shigeru-ban-architec/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (6) Peter Davey, Paper Palace in Hanover (Tokyo, 2000)<https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/shigeru-ban/paper-palace-inhanover-by-shigeru-ban/8660572.article > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (7) Mahmoud Al-qammari, The Vortex-string art ( 2014) < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0XT1u-ygrs > > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (8) String Art <https://zvetnoe.ru/club/poleznye-stati/vsye-o-khobbi-tovarakh/drugie-tovary/kartina-string-art/kartina-v-stile-string-artpotryasayushhij-effekt-3d-obema/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (9) Spring Art Pattern, < http://www.menschmadedesign.com/string-art-pattern--p-16628.html > [accessed 20 April, 2017] (10) ekunji, String Art Patterns - How To Make String Art Triangle Pattern - by Sonia Goyal ( 2015) < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhZJfaQB9k0 > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] (11) Bigbang studio < http://bigbangstudio.com.au/about/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] (12) Mayacalleja, The Eye of The Storm [accessed 20 April, 2017] < https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/the-eye-of-the-storm/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] (13) Bow Jaruwangsanti, Christa Van Zoeren, Catalina Chica, Kristy, 2012 IES NSW COMMEDNATION AWARD WINNER (NSW, 2012), < http:// www.illumni.co/2012-ies-nsw-commendation-award-winner-infinity-squared-light-sculpture/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017 ] (14) Cornea TI: Light Installation at Luminale (2014), < http://theinspirationgrid.com/cornea-ti-light-installation-at-luminale-2014/ > [accessed 20 April, 2017]

CONCEPTUALISATION 99