Parking and mobility management at city level P&P Training Event – Bucharest, 5 April 2016 Giuliano Mingardo – Erasmus University Rotterdam
Parking and mobility management
push-pull-parking.eu
Objective of this module • The main objective of this module is to understand the link between parking and mobility management at urban level; • This module will help you to: • Get familiar with mobility management • Understand the role of parking within mobility management (sitebased mobility management)
• Throughout the whole module different examples will be used. push-pull-parking.eu
Mobility Management
push-pull-parking.eu
Definitions Transportation Demand Management (TDM) and Mobility Management (MM) are synonymous • TDM (US) = strategies and programs that encourage more efficient use of transport resources • MM (EU) = ‘soft’ measures (e.g. information or coordination of existing user services), which enhance the effectiveness of "hard" measures of traffic planning (e.g. new tram lines) • SMART TRAVEL (UK)
5
push-pull-parking.eu
Mobility Management • Mobility Management tools do not necessarily require large investments and have a high potential to change mobility behavior. • The objective of Mobility Management is to reduce single car use.
6
push-pull-parking.eu
Mobility Management • It’s very cost effective (large results with little resources); • Short-term results; • Taylor-made solutions: MM is a very flexible instrument;
7
push-pull-parking.eu
Examples of Mobility Management
8
push-pull-parking.eu
Rotterdam metro map (before)
push-pull-parking.eu
Rotterdam metro map (after)
push-pull-parking.eu
Walking bus
11
push-pull-parking.eu
School campaings: Walk on Wednesday • In London approx. 500,000 children walk to school every Wednesday. • This policy costs approx. £2 per child per year.
12
push-pull-parking.eu
13
push-pull-parking.eu
Marketing public transport - Frankfurt
push-pull-parking.eu
Marketing public transport - Frankfurt
push-pull-parking.eu
Marketing public transport - UK
16
push-pull-parking.eu
Site-based Mobility Management
push-pull-parking.eu
What is site-based Mobility Management? • Objective: Making travel to and from the site more rational and sustainable by implementing Mobility Management measures – a choice of ways to get there • Sites: companies, hospitals, schools, concert halls, sports arenas, housing areas, universities, etc. • Main actors: developers, land-owners, tenants in cooperation with local authorities and others
push-pull-parking.eu
Impacts of site-based MM – examples from the UK
push-pull-parking.eu
Examples from the UK
push-pull-parking.eu
Vodafone head office • New office • 3200 staff • Small town 25,000 people • Strong local economy
push-pull-parking.eu
Vodafone Head Office • •
• % • •
push-pull-parking.eu
2 new junctions Bus stops outside front of building with private service to town 1862 parking spaces (3200 staff) Direct pedestrian routes into town 72% staff drive alone – low for UK in location like this
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge • 67 acre site, 3 km from City Centre • Site shared with University and MRC • 9,000 staff employed on site • 5,600 at hospital • Over 18,000 trips to and from site each day • 3365 on-site car parking spaces
push-pull-parking.eu
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Under Section 106 planning obligation with City: • Cap on on-site parking spaces (3,900) • Target for staff mode share – 35% drive alone • Contributions to public transport services and infrastructure • Own bus station • Discounts on bus tickets • Cycle links to city and surrounding area
Cut car use from 74% in 1993 to 35% in 2004 push-pull-parking.eu
Sihlcity, Zurich • 100,000 sq m shopping centre • public transport: financial contribution to improvements • bike: 600 parking spaces • pedestrians: high quality streetscape • cars: access ramp to main road, 850 paid parking spaces • Mobility Management: trip contingent, car-sharing • home delivery: delivery service by bicycle push-pull-parking.eu
Sihlcity: results • Visitors travel to/from site • 28% by car, 72% with bike, public transport, by foot
• Parking • not fully occupied during the week, full on Saturdays • average duration of stay: 2 hours and 30 minutes • ca. 3600 car trips per day / 8800 allowed
• Home delivery service • around 20 per day (growing)
• Visitors – public transport (counts at tram stop) • 2006: around 1350 per day • 2007: around 3100 per day
push-pull-parking.eu
Parking in new developments Example of maximum standards (English – to 2011) • Food retail - 1 space per 14m2 • Non food retail - 1 space per 20m2 • Cinemas and conference facilities - 1 space per 5 seats • Offices - 1 space per 30m2 = 1 space per 2-3 staff • Higher and further education - 1 space per 2 staff + 1 space per 15 students • Stadia - 1 space per 15 seats • Residential - 1.5 spaces/house or flat
Strong influence on developing site-based MM
push-pull-parking.eu
Maximum parking standards and public transport accessibility - Edinburgh
push-pull-parking.eu
28
Parking and new development in Edinburgh • All have limited on-site parking • 2000-2006 total bus use in Edinburgh up 25%
% non-car travellers
35% bank HQ
40% - hospital
30% - business park
push-pull-parking.eu
Micro-location of parking and development – important for sustainable modes
• Supermarket close to main bus route, underground and railway station, and close to local shopping centre • Originally developer wanted more parking spaces and the building at the back of the site • In the end agreed to 25% fewer parking spaces and building at front of site, near public transport and walking routes
push-pull-parking.eu
Example of Erasmus University Rotterdam – The Netherlands
push-pull-parking.eu
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Facts and Figures (2011): • 8 Faculties • Circa 20,000+ students • Circa 2,600+ employees • Turnover: M€ 542 Two campuses: Erasmus MC en Woudestein
32
push-pull-parking.eu
EUR Woudestein
33
push-pull-parking.eu
Masterplan 2013 - 2028
34
push-pull-parking.eu
Parking in the Masterplan 2013 2028
35
push-pull-parking.eu
Mobility policy till 2011 Employees: • Home-work allowance of €0.19/km (national standard); • Parking free of charge; • Bicycle schemes (up to €750 gross to buy a bike every 3 years);
Students: • No specific policy; • Paid parking; 50 students a year can get a parking card
36
push-pull-parking.eu
Mobility surveys • In 2007 and 2010 the EUR conducted large online surveys among employees and students; • Aim: to understand their travel behavior; • Response 2010; • 1,083 employees (36.1% of the total); • 1,636 students (8.4% of the total);
37
push-pull-parking.eu
Modal split employees
38
push-pull-parking.eu
Modal split students
39
push-pull-parking.eu
EUR Mobility 2010 To sum up: • The EUR is doing well but can/will do even better; • Why should aim the EUR for a better performance? • Image/CSR; • Role model for the Kralingse Knoop (local area); • Financial savings;
40
push-pull-parking.eu
Parking in the Masterplan 2013 - 2028 New parking garage: • Capacity: approx. 1,000 places • [Construction] Costs: approx. €40M
Where is the EUR going to find the funding? • Paid parking for visitors is not enough; • The introduction of paid parking for all students and employees is necessary;
Will this be enough to cover the costs? • Not at all, meaning car use is still subsidized!
41
push-pull-parking.eu
Parking in the Masterplan 2013 - 2028 • Does the EUR actually need such a huge parking garage? • What can we do with €40M? • Let’s see… €40M ….2,600 employees… 30/40 years depreciation…? • What if we subsidize people instead of cars…? • How can you do it?
42
push-pull-parking.eu
EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) Goal: • Reduce the n. of employees and students travelling by car while increasing modal shift towards more sustainable forms of transport;
Aims: in 2015 the EUR aims at: • max .25% of the employees travelling by car (2010 = 36%) • max. 5% of the students travelling by car (2010 = 11%) • After 2015 we will see if we can further reduce these %.
Different policy measures have been introduced to achieve these aims 43
push-pull-parking.eu
EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) • Introduction of paid parking for all employees [and students]; • 100% refund of cost for public transport; • Stimulate home working; • Improvement of the bicycle facilities; • • • • •
Bicycle parking; Company bikes (e-bikes); Showers; Financial subsidies for E-bikes and E-scooters; Repair service on campus;
• Improvement of travel information (personal travel advice, website, PT trial cards,…); 44
push-pull-parking.eu
EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) • •
• •
45
If successful [the mobility policy achieves its aims], the EUR will loose more than €200,000 per year; Why? The cost of subsidising 100% of PT is higher than the present €0.19 per km and will not be compensated by the income from parking; Still, if this happens, we will be very happy ☺ Why? Because we will have to construct less parking, and for each parking place we build, we loose [lots of] money!!
push-pull-parking.eu
Conclusions • Parking plays a fundamental role in site-based MM • Business case for site-based MM – depends on existence of problem • Can improve site accessibility, avoids delays getting on and off site at peak times • Widens choice and cuts car use • Can save organisation and staff money • Not clear that successes at individual sites translating into national impact
push-pull-parking.eu
Mulțumesc THANKS Giuliano Mingardo mingardo@ese.eur.nl
push-pull-parking.eu
http://push-pullparking.eu
push-pull-parking.eu