Parcarea si managementul mobilitatii

Parking and mobility management at city level P&P Training Event – Bucharest, 5 April 2016 Giuliano Mingardo – Erasmus University Rotterdam

Parking and mobility management

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Objective of this module • The main objective of this module is to understand the link between parking and mobility management at urban level; • This module will help you to: • Get familiar with mobility management • Understand the role of parking within mobility management (sitebased mobility management)

• Throughout the whole module different examples will be used. push-pull-parking.eu

Mobility Management

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Definitions Transportation Demand Management (TDM) and Mobility Management (MM) are synonymous • TDM (US) = strategies and programs that encourage more efficient use of transport resources • MM (EU) = ‘soft’ measures (e.g. information or coordination of existing user services), which enhance the effectiveness of "hard" measures of traffic planning (e.g. new tram lines) • SMART TRAVEL (UK)

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Mobility Management • Mobility Management tools do not necessarily require large investments and have a high potential to change mobility behavior.

• The objective of Mobility Management is to reduce single car use.

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Mobility Management • It’s very cost effective (large results with little resources); • Short-term results; • Taylor-made solutions: MM is a very flexible instrument;

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Examples of Mobility Management

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Rotterdam metro map (before)

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Rotterdam metro map (after)

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Walking bus

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School campaings: Walk on Wednesday • In London approx.

500,000 children walk to school every Wednesday.

• This policy costs approx. £2 per child per year.

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Marketing public transport - Frankfurt

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Marketing public transport - Frankfurt

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Marketing public transport - UK

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Site-based Mobility Management

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What is site-based Mobility Management?

• Objective: Making travel to and from the site more rational and sustainable by implementing Mobility Management measures – a choice of ways to get there • Sites: companies, hospitals, schools, concert halls, sports arenas, housing areas, universities, etc.

• Main actors: developers, land-owners, tenants in cooperation with local authorities and others

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Impacts of site-based MM – examples from the UK

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Examples from the UK

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Vodafone head office • New office • 3200 staff • Small town 25,000 people • Strong local economy

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Vodafone Head Office • •

• % • •

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2 new junctions Bus stops outside front of building with private service to town 1862 parking spaces (3200 staff) Direct pedestrian routes into town 72% staff drive alone – low for UK in location like this

Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge • 67 acre site, 3 km from City Centre • Site shared with University and MRC • 9,000 staff employed on site • 5,600 at hospital • Over 18,000 trips to and from site each day • 3365 on-site car parking spaces

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Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Under Section 106 planning obligation with City: • Cap on on-site parking spaces (3,900) • Target for staff mode share – 35% drive alone • Contributions to public transport services and infrastructure • Own bus station • Discounts on bus tickets • Cycle links to city and surrounding area

Cut car use from 74% in 1993 to 35% in 2004 push-pull-parking.eu

Sihlcity, Zurich • 100,000 sq m shopping centre • public transport: financial contribution to improvements • bike: 600 parking spaces • pedestrians: high quality streetscape • cars: access ramp to main road, 850 paid parking spaces • Mobility Management: trip contingent, car-sharing • home delivery: delivery service by bicycle push-pull-parking.eu

Sihlcity: results • Visitors travel to/from site • 28% by car, 72% with bike, public transport, by foot

• Parking • not fully occupied during the week, full on Saturdays • average duration of stay: 2 hours and 30 minutes • ca. 3600 car trips per day / 8800 allowed

• Home delivery service • around 20 per day (growing)

• Visitors – public transport (counts at tram stop) • 2006: around 1350 per day • 2007: around 3100 per day

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Parking in new developments Example of maximum standards (English – to 2011) • Food retail - 1 space per 14m2 • Non food retail - 1 space per 20m2 • Cinemas and conference facilities - 1 space per 5 seats • Offices - 1 space per 30m2 = 1 space per 2-3 staff • Higher and further education - 1 space per 2 staff + 1 space per 15 students • Stadia - 1 space per 15 seats • Residential - 1.5 spaces/house or flat

Strong influence on developing site-based MM

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Maximum parking standards and public transport accessibility - Edinburgh

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Parking and new development in Edinburgh • All have limited on-site parking • 2000-2006 total bus use in Edinburgh up 25%

% non-car travellers

35% bank HQ

40% - hospital

30% - business park

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Micro-location of parking and development – important for sustainable modes

• Supermarket close to main bus route, underground and railway station, and close to local shopping centre • Originally developer wanted more parking spaces and the building at the back of the site • In the end agreed to 25% fewer parking spaces and building at front of site, near public transport and walking routes

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Example of Erasmus University Rotterdam – The Netherlands

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Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Facts and Figures (2011): • 8 Faculties • Circa 20,000+ students • Circa 2,600+ employees • Turnover: M€ 542 Two campuses: Erasmus MC en Woudestein

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EUR Woudestein

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Masterplan 2013 - 2028

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Parking in the Masterplan 2013 2028

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Mobility policy till 2011 Employees: • Home-work allowance of €0.19/km (national standard); • Parking free of charge; • Bicycle schemes (up to €750 gross to buy a bike every 3 years);

Students: • No specific policy; • Paid parking; 50 students a year can get a parking card

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Mobility surveys • In 2007 and 2010 the EUR conducted large online surveys among employees and students; • Aim: to understand their travel behavior; • Response 2010; • 1,083 employees (36.1% of the total); • 1,636 students (8.4% of the total);

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Modal split employees

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Modal split students

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EUR Mobility 2010 To sum up: • The EUR is doing well but can/will do even better; • Why should aim the EUR for a better performance?

• Image/CSR; • Role model for the Kralingse Knoop (local area); • Financial savings;

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Parking in the Masterplan 2013 - 2028 New parking garage: • Capacity: approx. 1,000 places • [Construction] Costs: approx. €40M

Where is the EUR going to find the funding?

• Paid parking for visitors is not enough; • The introduction of paid parking for all students and employees is necessary;

Will this be enough to cover the costs?

• Not at all, meaning car use is still subsidized!

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Parking in the Masterplan 2013 - 2028 • Does the EUR actually need such a huge parking garage?

• What can we do with €40M? • Let’s see… €40M ….2,600 employees… 30/40 years depreciation…?

• What if we subsidize people instead of cars…?

• How can you do it?

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EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) Goal: • Reduce the n. of employees and students travelling by car while increasing modal shift towards more sustainable forms of transport;

Aims: in 2015 the EUR aims at: • max .25% of the employees travelling by car (2010 = 36%) • max. 5% of the students travelling by car (2010 = 11%) • After 2015 we will see if we can further reduce these %.

Different policy measures have been introduced to achieve these aims 43

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EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) • Introduction of paid parking for all employees [and students]; • 100% refund of cost for public transport; • Stimulate home working; • Improvement of the bicycle facilities; • • • • •

Bicycle parking; Company bikes (e-bikes); Showers; Financial subsidies for E-bikes and E-scooters; Repair service on campus;

• Improvement of travel information (personal travel advice, website, PT trial cards,…); 44

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EUR New Mobility Policy (2011) • •

• •

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If successful [the mobility policy achieves its aims], the EUR will loose more than €200,000 per year; Why? The cost of subsidising 100% of PT is higher than the present €0.19 per km and will not be compensated by the income from parking; Still, if this happens, we will be very happy ☺ Why? Because we will have to construct less parking, and for each parking place we build, we loose [lots of] money!!

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Conclusions • Parking plays a fundamental role in site-based MM • Business case for site-based MM – depends on existence of problem • Can improve site accessibility, avoids delays getting on and off site at peak times • Widens choice and cuts car use • Can save organisation and staff money • Not clear that successes at individual sites translating into national impact

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Mulțumesc THANKS Giuliano Mingardo mingardo@ese.eur.nl

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