E - Portfolio Grammar III
María Auxiliadora López Venegas
Conditionals Present Real Conditional or Zero Conditional Future Real Conditional or First Conditional Present and Future Unreal Conditional or Second Conditional Past Unreal Conditional or Third Conditional
Present Real Conditional or Zero Conditional Formula: If + present simple , present simple
Yes/No Questions
Example If I shop online, I save money I save money If I shop online •
Do you save time If you shop online?
Wh - Questions What happens If I don’t like it?
-Yes, I do -No, I don’t
Use present real conditional for general truths.
Example: If it’s a holiday, the store is closed. •
Use present real conditional sentences for habits that happen again and again.
Example: If Kathy shops online, she uses a credit card. •
You can use modals in the result clause.
Example: If you don’t like the product , you can return it. •
Use the imperative in the result of the clause to give instructions, commands, and invitations.
Example: If you change your mind, call the company. •
You can begin conditional sentences with the IF clause or the result clause, meaning is the same.
Example: If I shop online, I save time
or I save time If I shop online.
Grammar Notes
Future Real Conditional or First Conditional Formula: If + present simple , will + infinitive
Yes/No Questions
Example If she studies, she won’t fail the test or she’s going to pass the test
Will she pass the test If she studies?
Wh - Questions What will she do If she passes the test?
-Yes, I will -No, I won’t •
Use future real conditional sentences to talk about what will happen under certain conditions.
Example: If I use this pen, I’ll pass the test. •
You can use modals in the result clause.
Example: If she studies hard, she might get an A on her test. •
You can use IF and UNLESS in conditional sentences but the meaning is very different.
Example: If he studies, he will pass the test or Unless he studies, he will fail the test. •
You can begin conditional sentences with the IF clause or the result clause, meaning is the same.
Example: If she uses that pen, she’ll feel luck or She’ll feel lucky If she uses that pen.
Grammar Notes
Present and Future Unreal Conditional or Second Conditional Formula: If + past simple,… would+ infinitive
Yes/No Questions
Example If Lucia had money, she would live in France. If she were rich, she would’t live in France. •
Wh - Questions
Would she live here if she had money or is she were rich?
What would she do if she had money or is she were rich?
-Yes, she would -No, she wouldn’t
Use present real conditional sentences to talk about unreal conditions and their results.
Example: If I had more time, I would read fairy tales to my children. •
Use the simple past in the IF clause. Use would, might or would + base form of the verb in the result clause.
Example: If they had a nice house, they wouldn’t want to move. •
Use would in the result clause if the result is certain.
Example: They love to travel. If they had time, they would take a trip next summer. •
Use If I were you… to give advice.
Example: If I were you, I wouldn’t ask the fish for anything else. •
You can begin conditional sentences with the IF clause or the result clause, meaning is the same.
Example: If I had more money, I would move
or I would move if I had more money.
Grammar Notes
Past Unreal Conditional or Third Conditional Formula: If + past perfect,… would + have + past participle
Example If George had had money, he would have moved away or he wouldn’t have stayed home. •
Yes/No Questions
Would he have left if he had had money? -Yes, he would have -No, he wouldn’t have
Wh - Questions What would he have done if he had had money?
Use past unreal conditional sentences to talk about past unreal conditions and their results.
Example: If he had died young, he wouldn’t have had children. •
Use the past perfect in the IF clause. Use would, have, might have, or could have + past participle in the result clause.
Example: If the film had won an Academy Award, it would have become famous right away. •
Use would have in the result clause if the result is certain.
Example: If George had gone to college, he would have studied hard. •
Past unreal conditionals are often used to express regret about what really happened in the past.
Example: If I had known Mary lived alone, I would have invited her to my holiday dinner. •
You can begin conditional sentences with the IF clause or the result clause, meaning is the same.
Example: If he had won a million dollars, he would have traveled around the world or He would have traveled around the world if he had won a million dollars.
Grammar Notes
Activity: Continue the story‌ This is such a great activity to learn conditionals. In this activity the teacher is going to start a story and the students need to continue the story of course using conditionals; this game is based on who is faster answering.
Example
Ana wants to save some money and If she save money, she can buy a new celphone but If she buy a new celphone, she will need to buy one for her mom too. One morning Ana said that If she had money to buy a celphone for all the family, she would feel very grateful, everything was going fine, she had the money for the cellphones when suddently she saw a hurted puppy. That night she said, If I had known that I can help others with my savings, I would have saved more money before. Ana was happy she waste the money helping a hurted puppy that she saw at the middle of the
Phrasal Verbs Is also called a two-word verb. It has two parts: • Main verb • Particle
Formula: verb + particle
Example Let’s figure out this problem now.
Be careful! Particles and prepositions look the same, but they act differently. Prepositions DO NOT CHANGE THE MEANING of the main verb
Particles often CHANGE THE MEANING of the main verb
He looked into the room. (He was outside the room and looked into)
He looked into the problem. (He researched the problem)
Transitive
Intransitive
Transitive verbs can followed by an object Example
Example
Call of Meaning: Cancel - Let’s call of the meeting Separable
Cannot be followed by an object. Catch on Meaning: Become popular - Feng Shiu has caught on all over
Inseparable
Object is placed between the verb and the preposition.
Object is placed after the preposition.
Example: She looked the phone number up.
They are looking into the problem.
Some transitive phrasal verbs can take an object in both places. - I looked the number up in the phone book. - I looked up the number in the phone book.
Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
Future Tenses Simple Future Future Perfect Future Progressive Future Perfect Progressive
Simple Future Formula: am/is/are + going to be/will + present verb
Examples • I will send you the information when I get it. • He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. Fact: “will” and “be going to” can express an idea of a general prediction in the future
Future Perfect Formula: am/is/are + going to have/will + past participle
Examples • You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. • You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Fact: We often use already and yet with the future perfect to emphasize which event will happen first.
Future Progressive Formula: am/is/are + going to be/will + present participle
Examples • You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. • You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Fact: We often use Future Progressive to make questions more polite or to ask indirectly for a favor.
Future Perfect Progressive Formula: am/is/are + will/going to have been + present participle
Examples • You will have been waiting for more tan two hours when her plane finally arrives. • You are going to have been waiting for more tan two hours when her plane finally arrives. Fact: We use the Future Perfect Progressive to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.
1. They __________ (to have) breakfast at McDonald's on Sunday. 2. It __________(to snow) in Paris tomorrow morning. 3. Wait! I __________ (to drive) you to the airport.
Instructions: Complete the following sentences with the correct future tense.
4.When they get married in January, they __________ (to be) together for ten years. 5.When I see you in two weeks, I __________ (show) you my new cellphone. 6. The baby should be due soon, next week she __________ (to be) pregnant for nine months. 7. By the time we get home, they __________ (to play) soccer for 40 minutes. 8. Now I __________ (to check) my exams. 9. This time next week I __________ (ski) in Canada! 10.This summer, I __________ (to live) in Costa Rica for six years.
1: are going to have - 2: will snow - 3: will drive - 4: will have been - 5: will show - 6: will have been - 7: will have been playing - 8: will check - 9: will be skiing -10: will have been living
Passive Voice It is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Passive Formula: object + verb to be + past participle of the verb + by + S
Examples
A new bicycle was stolen. Many cars are made in Japan. The big house is bought. The letter will be written tonight. who…? The person doesn´t matter.
Optional
Active Formula: subject + verb + object
1. Name three things which __________ (used) for a perfect make up. 4.Name three apps which _______ (install) on your cellphone.
2. Name three singers who _______ (born) in Costa Rica.
3. Name three popular trends that ______ (done) this 2016.
5. Name three products without plastic that ______ (found) in the supermarket.
6. Name the most popular songs that _____ (play) this 2016.
7. Name three activities 8. Name three films that which cannot _____ (do) _______ (show) this without friends. year.
9. Name three languages that ______ (speak) in Europe.
Instructions:This game is called “Name three�. Each student is able to take one card and the winner is the one that have more correct cards.
1. are used 2. were born 3. were done 4. are installed 5. are found 6. were played 7. be done 8. were shown/ have been shown 9. are spoken
Modal Verbs
Modals can
could
may
might
will
would
must
shall
should
ought to
Modals are different from normal verbs: 1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?'). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to').
Modals can be used for: Probability
Ability
Obligation and Advice
Permission
Habits
They can be used We use 'can' We can use verbs such as We can use verbs such We can use 'will' and when we want to say and 'could' to 'must' or 'should' to say when as 'can', 'could' and 'would' to talk about how sure we are that talk about a skill something is necessary or 'may' to ask for and give habits or things we something happened / or ability. unnecessary, or to give permission. usually do, or did in the is happening / will advice. past. happen. Example It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
Example She can speak six languages.
Example Children must do their homework.
Example Could I leave early today, please? You may not use the car tonight.
Example When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
1. From the way she speaks, she ____ be from Colombia. ( ) can ( )could 2. It's impossible- they _____ have married already! ( )can't ( )mustn't 3. The grades ____ be better next year. ( )can ( )may 4. ____ you speak Spanish? ( )Can ( )May 5. It's OK- she ____ go when you've bought the present. ( )may ( )might
Instructions: Choose the best modal for each question. 1. could – 2. can’t – 3. may – 4. can – 5. may
How I have improve my English skills?
Ulacit Buddies Program The way I have improved my English skills was with the buddies program at ULACIT, when you started to meet people of different countries with different personalities and culture you learn a lot of English. It was the biggest opportunity I got, now I can say my English and also my grammar are better.
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http://www.eslgamesworld.com/
For me the best way of learning is playing so that is why I love to practice with this page “ESL Games” is full of interesting activities of different grammar topics.
I personally love this page to look for Grammar information, actually is very complete and full of exercises. Every time I don’t understood something this page helps me and also is another way to improve my skills.
1. What do you know as a result of participating in the class discussion that you did not know before? 2. What can you do as a result of participating in the class discussions that you couldn’t do before? 3. What could you teach someone to know or do as a result of participating in the class discussions that you couldn’t teach them before? 1. I’m a very shy girl but since I start to participate in class I realize that now I can develop more in my oral presentations. I learned a lot of interesting facts of grammar thanks to my participation in class and I’m very glad for that. 2. As I answer the first question, now I’m able to talk in the front of the class not feeling stressed or nervous at all. 3. Now I can teach them new ways of learning and feel much more comfortable in front of the class, also not to feel inferior because the fact you ask a lot of questions, that is part of learning. With grammar now I can teach important points that I didn’t know before.
References
Passive Voice. (2016). TeachThis.com., from http:// www.teach-this.com/resources/g rammar/passive
Williams, P. (2013). Future tenses exercise: mixed future tenses. English Lessons in Brighton, from http://www.englishlessonsbrighton.co .uk/future-tenses-exercise /
Budden, J. (2009). Conditional chain game. Teaching English | British Council | BBC, from https:// www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/condi tional-chain-game