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Český Krumlov a fairytale town The town of Český Krumlov known as “The Pearl of Bohemia” is
planned medieval towns, as well as many historic buildings in-
located in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Sit-
cluding their details such as the roof shapes, the decoration of
uated on both banks of the Vltava (Moldau) river, the town was
Renaissance and Baroque facades, vaulted spaces, as well as
built below a magnificent castle founded in the 13th century. The
original layouts and interiors.
river meander and rocky slopes of the castle hill are the most important elements which along with the link to the picturesque
The castle features Gothic, Late Gothic, Renaissance and Ba-
neighbouring landscape, determine not only the impressive urban
roque elements. It is dominated by the Gothic Hrádek with its
composition of the historic centre but the dominating position of
round tower; this was subsequently converted into a Baroque res-
the castle as well.
idence with the addition of a garden, the Bellaire summer pavilion, a winter riding school, and a unique Baroque theatre in 1766. La-
The Historic Centre of Český Krumlov is an outstanding example
trán (settlement developed to the east) and the town proper con-
of a small Central European medieval town whose architectural
tain undisturbed ensembles of burgher houses, the oldest being
heritage has remained intact thanks to its peaceful evolution over
in High Gothic style. They are notable for their facades, internal
more than several centuries. This feudal town, a former centre
layouts, and decorative detail, and especially carved wooden Re-
of a large estate owned by powerful noble families who played
naissance ceilings. Český Krumlov also experienced considerable
an important role in the political, economic and cultural history
ecclesiastical development illustrated by the major 15th century
of Central Europe, was founded in the Middle Ages and under-
church of St. Vitus and monasteries of various preaching and itin-
went Renaissance and Baroque transformations. As it remained
erant orders.
almost intact, it has retained its street layout, which is typical of
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MGALINDOV THE CITY
THE RIVER
The town grew up around a Gothic cas-
the city was populated by a mixture of
Vltava River, German Moldau, river, the
and České Budějovice are on the Vltava.
tle, built on the cliffs above the Vltava by
Czechs and Germans. After the creation
longest in the Czech Republic, flowing
At České Budějovice, in the river’s middle
Bohemian nobles in the mid-13th centu-
of Czechoslovakia in 1918, the Czecho-
270 miles (435 km). Its drainage basin is
basin, is an extensive lake region..
ry. In the succeeding centuries, aristo-
slovak government rejected the German
10,847 square miles (28,093 square km).
cratic occupants, including members of
form of the city’s name in favour of the
The river rises in southwestern Bohemia
the house of Schwarzenberg, expanded
present Czech version, and after World
from two headstreams in the Bohemian
the castle, incorporating Renaissance
War II the government expelled the Ger-
Forest, the Teplá Vltava and the Studená
and Baroque elements and ultimate-
man-speaking population.
Vltava. It flows first southeast, then
ly creating one of the largest castle
north across Bohemia, and empties into
complexes in central Europe. From the
the Elbe (Czech: Labe) River at Mělník, 18
Middle Ages to the mid-20th century,
miles (29 km) north of Prague. Prague
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Horní No. 154 This former Jesuit college is a four-wing Renaissance building, which dates from the year 1586-1588 which was built on the plot of land where six Gothic structures once stood. The Jesuit building was built by the highly regarded Rosenberg builder, Baldassar Maggi of Arogna according to plans drawn out by P. Alexander, a rector from the Jesuit college in Prague. The first of the Gothic buildings were purchased for the Jesuits by Vilem of Rosenberg and the town council and demolished in February, 1586. In March of that same year, the setting of the first foundation stone was celebrated. The three-story building was (excluding the roof) ready perhaps earlier than September of that very same year. Labourers and craftsmen from Krumlov worked on the project. Beams and boards were brought to Krumlov along the Vltava River, woodcutters came from Rožmberk and Loucovice, Horní no. 154, Hotel Růže, terrace, historical photo llimestone was brought from Chvalsin, nails, sheet metal and iron were transported from Freistadt by an Austrian named Cahlov. 16,695 glass circles were needed by glassmith Valentin during the making of the fifty-nine windows of the building. On the 16th of May, 1588, in the courtyard of the college, the then papal nuncia and other important people held an inaugural celebration where Vilem of Rosenberg handed the key to the building over to Jiri Bader and the rector of the Jesuit college in Prague, Alexander Vojtov. Well preserved from this period are the basic layout of the structure, the painted decorative work, the vaults and the ceilings of the interior space, and other various elements. The vaulting in the first two stories of the interior of the building and the in-house Chapel of Notre Dame, which was sometimes mistaken as a church. In 1591 the college was connected by a suspension bridge to the Jesuit garden on the opposite bank of the Vltava River, in the space which is presently the town park.
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MGALINDOV SKYLINE
Two main dominants define the skyline
The St. Vitus Church is built in the form
of the ÄŒeskĂ˝ Krumlov town. The cas-
of three parallel arcades merged with a
tle tower symbolizes the secular ruling
five-sided elongated presbyterium, there
power and the region of its influence; the
are rectangular multistoried sacristies
church tower of St. Vitus then personi-
on both sides with the Chapels of Res-
fies the might of the holy Christendom
urrection and the St. John of Nepomuk
which from medieval times functioned
Chapel, and the antechamber situated
both as a counterpart and complement
on the northern side. The occidental fa-
of the wordly powers. The church shares
cade of the church incorporates a tower
with the castle the promontory created
with quadrangular Roman window open-
by the river Vltava, thus creating an im-
ings on the landing level changing to
pressive architectural feature that char-
eight-sided openings higher up. The up-
acterizes the town.
permost part of the spire is pseudogothic in style, dating to 1893-1894 A.D.
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The original Gothic castle was founded by the Lords of Krumlov some time before 1250. They represented a branch of the powerful family of the Witigonen with the five-petalled rose in their coat-of-arms. When the Lords of Krumlov died out in 1302, their relatives the Rosenbergs inherited the castle. The Rosenberg family had their seat there up till 1602. There name as well as the three centuries of their rule is connected with the greatest era of flourish of the town and castle. In the second half of the 16th century the castle was transformed into a magnificent Renaissance residence. The town gained most of its present appearance at this time as well. At that time the rulers of the Rosenberg dominion represented eminent personalities among Bohemian aristocracy, educated humanists, patrons of the culture and arts and prominent politicians all filling the highest post within Bohemian Kingdom. The last member of the Rosenberg family, Petr Vok,sold the Krumlov castle and estates to the Viennese Emperor Rudolf the Second in 1602. Twenty years later, the Emperor Ferdinand the Second gave the Krumlov estates to the Eggenbergs, a powerful noble family from Upper Austria. Thanks to Prince Johann Christian I. of Eggenberg, who represents the third generation of the Eggenberg family, more intensive development of farming, building activities and arts was evident in the 1680´s and the Český Krumlov Castle surmounted the period of provincial backwardness and stagnation in economy and arts resulting from the Thirty Years´ War. Prince Johann Christian of Eggenberg converted Český Krumlov Castle into an impressive Baroque seat. As the Eggenbers died out without successors in 1719, the new dynasty - the princely lineage of the Schwarzenbergs - inherited Krumlov castle and estates. As early as in their second generation Josef I. Adam of Schwarzenberg showed his creative personality. A deft and enterprising businessman as well as a pasionate art lower, he played an important role in the far-reaching reconstructions of the castle. Inclination towards the culture of the imperial residence in Vienna contributed to the enrichment of building innovations as well as of social life at the castle with the cultural impetusof European importance. Towards the end of the 18th century, and especially in the 19th century, the protracted stagnation of art and economy became evident, and after the middle 19th century the Český Krumlov Castle lost its role as the main residence of the Krumlov-Hluboká Schwarzenberg branch and was not regularly inhabited even in the 20th century.
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The Barber Bridge
Lazebnický most (barber’s bridge) is a
of the water level medieval houses along
medieval wooden bridge across the Vlta-
the river and the masterful view of the
va River connecting the old town and the
castle from the bridge is amazing. Al-
crown jewel of the town, Český Krumlov
though everyone visiting Český Krumlov
Castle. There are two statues on either
likely does not miss this bridge as it is
side of the bridge, one is Jesus on the
the major connecting bridge between
cross and the other St. John of Nepomuk
castle complex and the old town, the
(one of his statues is also on the Charles
bridge itself has its own right to not to be
Bridge in Prague). Along the River Vlta-
missed as the bridge and the surround-
va, there are numerous restaurants and
ing scenery were so enjoyable.
cafes in old medieval houses. The view
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Each corner around Cesky Krumlov guard a face of centuries, through his cobbled streets you will be a witness of amazing tales of Kings and commoners. Since was declared by UNESCO in 1992 all restauration processes has been made with a special care in order to mantain the spirit of the Town.
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MGALINDOV Latran
The castle, from which the city originat-
family until 1601. In 1347, the two urban
ed, was at the centre of an immense
nuclei were linked under a single admin-
domain belonging to the Vitcovici family,
istration. The municipal laws that were
which reigned over southern Bohemia.
adopted provided favourable conditions
A settlement known as the Latran de-
for commercial prosperity. The Gothic
veloped at the foot of the castle. On the
castle, which was reconstructed in the
opposite bank and within a riverbend, a
Renaissance style, and the burghers’
second nucleus took form. In the 14th century, the property passed into the hands of the Rozmberks, a
IInd
Courtyard
of
Český
branch of the Vitkovici family. Ceský Krumlov was the seat of this powerful
The mighty bastions standing near the
placed the original wooden draw-bridge
entrance to the IInd courtyard create a
in 1647. In the middle of the 18th centu-
part of the fortifications built in 1620.
ry the sculptures of Virgin Mary and St.
At the beginning of the outbreak of the
Joseph were erected on the side walls.
Thirty Years\’ War the imperial garrison
Bears are kept in the Bear Moat at Český
adjutant Ferdinand Carrati de Carrara
Krumlov Castle as living proof of a pre-
had the castle fortified. On the tops of
sumed relation between the Lords of
the bastions the figures of lions bear
Rosenberg and Italian family of Orsini.
the coats-of-arms of Prince Joseph
The coats-of -arms of Vilém von Rosen-
Adam zu Schwarzenberg (1722-1782)
berg (1535-1592), Johann Anton I. von
on the left and his wife Marie Terezie von
Eggenberg (1610-1649) and his wife Ma-
Lichtenstein (1721-1753) on the right.
rie Anna von Brandenburg (1609-1680) are located above the scuncheon lining
The stone bridge over the deep moat re-
the gate.
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VLTAVA The Moldau , Czech Vltava, symphonic poem by Bohemian composer Bedřich Smetana that evokes the flow of the Vltava River—or, in German, the Moldau—from its source in the mountains of the Bohemian Forest, through the Czech countryside, to the city of Prague. A devoutly patriotic work, The Moldau captures in music Smetana’s love of his homeland. Completed in 1874 and first performed the following year, the piece constitutes the second movement of a six-movement suite, Má vlast (My Country), which premiered in its entirety in Prague on November 5, 1882.
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Part of the connecting corridor. Under the roofs of the Krumlov chateau and adjacent houses on Latrรกn, a unique system of covered bridges and corridors has been preserved to this day.
Eggenberg Brewery and the adjacent Renaissance garden with aviaries and libosad.
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According to legend, the name Krumlov is derived from the German “Krumme Aue”, which may be translated as “crooked meadow”. The name comes from the natural topography of the town, specifically from the tightly crooked meander of the Vltava river. The word “Český” simply means Czech, or Bohemian (actually one and the same), as opposed to Moravian or Silesian. In Latin documents it was called Crumlovia or Crumlovium. The town was first mentioned in documents from 1253, where Krumlov was called Chrumbonowe. The town name was first mentioned in a letter of Duke Otokar Štýrský in 1253. The town was
CRUMLOVIA
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established essentially in two stages. The first part was built spontaneously below the Krumlov castle, called Latrán and settled mostly by people who had some administrative connection with the castle. The name and foundation of this part of town is shrouded in legend as well - the castle and town were allegedly built in a place where the Vítkovci overcame a nest of bandits that had been kidnapping and thieving. To the memory of the villain´s hiding place it was called Latrán (Tales and Legends of Český Krumlov). The reality is, however, more prosaic - latus in latin means lateral, side part and residences below the castle were given this name.
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SHOPPING SOUVE-
From the monastery, exit to Latran once more. If you’re looking for souvenirs, turn right on Latran and you’ll immediately see Cesky Pernik – you won’t miss its bright bohemian storefront. This is a perfect place to pick up traditional gingerbreads, mead, chocolates, and other regional specialties.
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On the adapted and partly rough-hewn rock, below the courtyard there were multi-levelled vaulted cellars built to serve as a reliable foundation for the palace walls, dozens of metres high. The buildings constructed in Gothic style are preserved only in a few places, especially in the eastern part of the Upper Castle (Český Krumlov Castle in the Gothic Period), namely the Chapel of St.George and St.Catherine, mentioned for the first time in 1334, and a Gothic room of unknown purpose next to the so-called Roman room. Other buildings were constructed in the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It is interesting that the splendid and mighty character of the Renaissance residence was not disturbed by adaptations carried out in the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, but rather respected. As an example, among other things, the facade paintings in both courtyards (the work of painter Gabriel de Blonde from around 1575) which represent allegorical and mythological scenes and figures from the Greek and Roman history (Wall Paintings in the IIIrd Courtyard of Český Krumlov Castle, Wall Paintings in the IVth Courtyard of Český Krumlov Castle). The adaptations done on the facades in the 17th and 18th century didn\’t destroy the paintings. In the years 1909-1912 the paintings were restored and enriched by Schwarzenberg restorer Theofil Melicher.
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MGALINDOV One of the best things to do in Cesky Krumlov, even if you’re short on time, is to get the view of the city from the castle tower. You can’t miss the tower when walking around the city. It’s the Gothic and Renaissance tower erected at the edge of the castle is actually a gallery itself decorated with elegant paintings from the bottom to the top. You can actually see people from the viewing deck when you’re below..
A highlight of a visit to Ceský Krumlov is simply walking its many old streets and soaking up the splendid artwork that is everywhere around you. The city is famous for its many frescoes, a tradition that dates back centuries. It’s also home to the Egon Schiele Art Centrum (ESAC), a large art gallery featuring classical and contemporary 20th-century artwork.
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When directly generated and affected by local winds, a wind
generally, a swell consists of wind-gen-
wave system is called a wind sea. After the wind ceases to blow,
erated waves that are not significantly
wind waves are called swells. More generally, a swell consists of
affected by the local wind at that time.
wind-generated waves that are not significantly affected by the
They have been generated elsewhere
local wind at that time. They have been generated elsewhere or some time ago.[2] Wind waves in the ocean are called ocean surface waves. Wind waves have a certain amount of randomness:
When directly generated and affected by
subsequent waves differ in height, duration, and shape with limit-
local winds, a wind wave system is called
ed predictability. They can be described as a stochastic process,
a wind sea. After the wind ceases to
in combination with the physics governing their
blow, wind waves are called swells. More
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Highlights include a number of well-preserved religious sites, including the Minorite Monastery and the exquisite Church of St. Vitus, along with a number of interesting art galleries and museums. In addition to its quieter pursuits, the city also boasts an abundance of other fun things to do, from enjoying its many fine restaurants and shopping, while those seeking more adventurous activities can hike nearby Mount Klet’ or take a kayak or boat ride along the River Vltava.
MARIO GALINDO WESTPALM BEACH FLORIDA, 2020 3055822877 MGALINDOV@GMAIL.COM www.mgalindov.com
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