Building Science Integration

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BUILDING SCIENCE(BLD61303/ARC3413)

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT CALCULATIONS

NAME Mark Eng Shang

STUDENT ID 0324187

LECTURER Mr. Rizal

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CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

1.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS 1.1

DAYLIGHT FACTOR

2.0 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS 2.1

CRAFT DISPLAY & READING ROOM

2.2

GENERAL COLLECTION SPACE

3.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS 3.1

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INTERACTIVE CREATIVE ARTS STUDIO 3.1.3 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary

4 4 8

11 11 18

Artificial Lighting of Interiors 3.2 GALLERY & SHOWCASE SPACE

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3.2.3 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors

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1.0 Lighting Analysis 1.1. Daylight Factor According to MS1525, Daylight Factor distribution is as shown below:

Daylight Factor, DF = Ratio of interior illuminance (Ei) inside the structure to available outdoor illuminance(Eo) outside the structure

Formula for Daylight Factor (DF): đ??ˇđ?‘Žđ?‘Śđ?‘™đ?‘–đ?‘”â„Žđ?‘Ą đ??šđ?‘Žđ?‘?đ?‘Ąđ?‘œđ?‘&#x; =

Ei (internal illuminance at a given point) đ?‘‹ 100% Eo (outdoor illuminance)

Daylight Factor (DF) DF,% >6 3~6 1~3 0~1

Very bright with thermal & glare problem Bright Average Dark

Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 llux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux

Example Brightest sunlight Bright sunlight Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday Typical overcast day, midday Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday Sunrise or sunset on clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunrise/ sunset

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2.0 DAY-LIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS 2.1 Craft Display and Reading Room

(Above) Craft Display and Reading Room as shown in the 1st Floor Plan. Scale 1:200mm

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The selected area of the Craft Display and Reading room is located at the back of the building facing towards the East, thus receives less harsh sunlight due to lower position of the sun. The purpose of the room is for reference reading on Chinese crafts while providing several displays of crafts from Petaling Street. The space is totally shaded from direct afternoon sun, thus there is less heat gain on this space for students to linger during after-school hours. The faรงade of this space is of double skinned with a garden terrace sitting between the exterior and full height glass sliding doors. Furthermore, large openings of full height doors maximizes natural sunlight penetration into the building while plantings acts as buffer from exterior heat and unsightly service lanes. At the same time, the plantings also provides for foreground against the greens on the opposite side. In theory, the room provides for an optimal environment for reading and viewing of displays.

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2.1.1 Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m²)

9m × 6m = 54m

Area of façade exposed to sunlight(m2)

(5.1m × 3.4m) + (3m x 3.5m) =17.34m2 =17.34m2

Area of Skylight (m2)

0 17.34 × 100% 54

Exposed Façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF

= 32.11% × 0.1 = 3.2%

2.1.2 Natural illumination Calculation Eo = 20 000 lux DF = Ei / Eo × 100% 1.3 = Ei / 20000 × 100% Ei = 3.2 / 100% × 20000 = 640 lux

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2.1.3 Conclusion The Craft Display and Reading room has a daylight factor of 3.2% and natural illumination of 640 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525, the space falls under the category of bright while the required lux for a reference reading is 300-500 and exhibits insensitive to light are of 300 lux. However, the room is not of a fully exhibition space, but a hybrid between display and reading, with reading is of the primary function of the room. Thus the room’s lux level is above the 300-500 lux used as reference. Hence, in order to lower the lux level to fall under the required 300-500 lux, Low-e coatings of the glass panels are proposed to minimize the penetration of ultraviolet and infrared rays into the interior spaces. Another option is that the façade can be designed with timber screenings which are able to partially screen out sunlight. According to the daylight contour diagram, the room is sufficiently lit equally throughout the room through daylight. However the space on the lower side is darker in comparison and might require supplementary artificial light.

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2.2 General Collection Space

(Above) General Collection Space as shown in the 1st Floor Plan. Scale 1:200mm

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The General Collection space is located on the Mezzanine of the 2nd Floor. Its function is to provide for the building’s main collection space for the borrowing of books. It possesses space for shelving, cataloging, light reading spaces and a counter. Openings facing the east are in the form of full height louvres. This is to maximimise penetration of Eastern sun into the reading spaces. This provides for the sufficient lighting required for reading activities with minimal reliance on artificial light during the day. The Western side of the space is buffered by a circulation space which façade is cladded with strategic openings as to provide for protection against direct, harsh, western sun, minimising heat gain. In theory, the space should provide for optimal reading conditions for the users.

2.2.1 Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m²)

130m2

Area of façade exposed to sunlight(m2)

(Louvre)(0.65 × 2.8) x 18 = 32.72m2

Area of Skylight (m2)

0 32.72 × 100% 130

Exposed Façade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ration/ Daylight Factor, DF

= 25.2% × 0.1 = 2.52

2.2.2 Natural illumination Calculation Eo = 20 000 lux DF = Ei / Eo × 100% 0.4 = Ei / 20000 × 100% Ei = 2.52 / 100% × 20000 = 504 lux

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2.2.3 Conclusion According to calculations, the Genaral Collection space has a daylight factor of 2.54% and natural illumination of 504 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525, the space falls under the category of average, but very close to bright. The required lux for reference, reading, cataloging and counters are 300-500 thus the calculations show that the lux of the space is perfectly sufficient. According to the daylight contour diagram, daylight is sufficient to illuminate the space to the required 300-500lux. The reading spaces nearer to the faรงade are brighter as compared to the collection spaces, thus emphasizing day-lighting on target functions which require more lighting. Hence, no changes are required as theorized by design, both lux and daylight factor of the space is sufficient.

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3.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ANALYSIS 3.1 Interactive Creative Arts Studio

(Above) Creative Art Studio as shown in the 2nd Floor Plan. Scale 1:200mm

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The selected area of the Creative Art Studio is located above the craft display and reading room at the back of the building facing towards the East, thus receives less harsh sunlight due to lower position of the eastern sun. The room is part of several interactive spaces within the Community Library. It acts as a studio space for the community to express share and learn on contemporary arts and traditional Chinese arts of Petaling Street. The space is totally shaded from direct afternoon sun, thus there is less heat gain on this space for students to linger during after-school hours. The faรงade of this space is of double skinned with a garden terrace sitting between the exterior and full height operable glass windows. The windows maximizes natural sunlight penetration into the building while plantings below the void acts as buffer from exterior heat and unsightly service lanes. At the same time, the plantings below also provides for foreground against the greens on the opposite side. In theory, the room provides for an optimal environment for reading and viewing of displays.

The Creative Art Studio will be used by students daily for learning, sharing and project purposes. Therefore, it is important for the space to be adequately lit especially during the night for when the community requires the art space. According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a standard art room/workshop is 300-500 lux.

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Material Properties Component

Wall

Material

Colour

Surface

Reflectance

Finish

Value(%)

Red

Matte

15

Aluminium

Black

Matte

10

Frame

Transparent

Glossy

8

Grey

Matte

25 - 35

Grey

Matte

15

Cherry

Glossy

30

Exposed Masonry

Windows

Clear Glass

Floor

Concrete Screed

Ceiling

Exposed Concrete

Furniture

Timber

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Fixture Properties

Type of Fixture

40W led commercial office led pendant light

Company

Passun

Dimension

0.12 × 1.2 (W × L)

Lumen (lm)

4000

Wattage (W)

40

Colour Designation (K)

Warm White, 2700 – 3000K

Colour Rendering Index (CRI)

80

3.1.1 Lumen Method Calculation Location

Creative Art Studio

Dimension

Length = 7.2m Width = 6.0m Height of the ceiling = 3.8m

Floor area (A)

7.2m × 6m = 43.2m2

Types of Lighting Fixture

LED

Lumen of Lightning Fixture (Lux)

4000 lm

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Height of Luminaire (m)

3.0

Height of Work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height (Hm)

2.2

Reflection Factors

Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Room Index / RI (K)

7.2 x 6.0 (7.2 + 6)x2.2 =1.48

Utilisation Factor (UF)

0.57

Maintenance Factor (MF)

0.8

Standard Illuminance by MS1525

300 - 500 lux

Number of light Required

đ?‘ =

đ??¸đ?‘‹đ??´ F x UF x MF

đ?‘ =

400 đ?‘Ľ 43.2 4000 đ?‘Ľ 0.57 đ?‘Ľ 0.8

đ?‘ =

17280 1824

= 9.47 (10 units)

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Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR đ?‘†đ??ťđ?‘… =

1 đ??´ đ?‘‹âˆš đ??ťđ?‘š đ?‘

đ?‘†đ??ťđ?‘… =

1 43.2 đ?‘‹âˆš 2.2 10

SHR =0.94

0.94 =

đ?‘Ľ 2.2

X = 2.19 = 2.1m spacing between fixtures

Fitting Layout by Approximately (m)

Due to linear form of light, the fittings are arranged parallel to 7.2m wall.

Fitting required along 7.2m wall = 7.2/2.1 = 3.4 = 3 rows

Number of fitting per row = 10/ 3 = 3.33 = 3 units

Spacing along the 6m wall = 6/3 = 2m

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3.1.2 Proposed Luminaires Fitting Layout of the Creative Arts Studio

(Above) Reflected Ceiling Plan of the Craft Display and Reading Space

According to calculations, nine (9) fixtures arranged in three(3) rows of three(3) fixtures of Passun 40W led commercial office led pendant lights are required to achieve the recommended MS1525 illumination level of 300-500 lux. This should provide for sufficient artificial lighting conditions for the use of the studio space.

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3.1.3 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors

(Above) Day-light contour diagram of the Craft and Reading Space

(Above) PSALI of the Craft Display and Reading Space

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Based on the light contour diagram, daylight is sufficient for the luminance of the room to the MS1525 required 300-500 lux during the day. Thus, the total 9 lights can be controlled using two switches. Switch 1 controls the first rows of 3 luminaires nearest to the faรงade while switch 2 controls the second and third row of 6 luminaires further from the faรงade. Switch 2 can be switched on as it gets darker towards the evening and both Switches can be turned on during the night. This saves energy as not all lights are required at certain times of the day.

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3.2 Art Gallery & Showcase Space

(Above) Art Gallery & Showcase Space as shown in the 1st Floor Plan. Scale 1:200mm

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The Art Gallery and Showcase space is as its namesake says, a space for the display and showcase of art relating to Petaling Street. Contemporary or traditional art from Petaling Street are Stored and Displayed here. Therefore, penetration of direct UV light from the sun is minimized to a small horizontal band of windows to limit damage to any art possible to light sensitivity .Thus, artificial light is crucial to both illuminate the space and provide for focus on displays. According to MS 1525 illumination levels recommendation, the lighting level required for a gallery with light sensitive exhibits is 150 lux.

Material Properties Compon

Material

Colour

ent

Surface

Reflectan

Finish

ce Value(%)

Wall

Exposed

Red

Matte

15

Masonry

Windows

Aluminium

Black

10

Frame

Transparent

8 Matte

Clear Glass

Glossy Floor

Carpet

Grey

Matte

12

Ceiling

Exposed

Grey

Matte

15

Black

Glossy

10

Concrete

Furniture

Leather Sofa

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Fixture Properties

Type of Fixture

Green Space Accent Projector

Company

Philips

Dimension

80mm Diameter

Lumen (lm)

2700

Wattage (W)

23

Colour Designation

Crisp White, 2700-3000K

3.2.1 Lumen Method Calculation Location

Art Gallery & Showcase Space

Dimension

Length = 7.20m Width = 8.80m Height of the ceiling = 3.8m

Floor area (A)

7.2 × 8.8 = 63.36m2

Types of Lighting Fixture

LED track light

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Lumen of Lightning Fixture (Lux)

2700 lm

Height of Luminaire (m)

3.0

Height of Work level (m)

0

Mounting height (Hm)

3.0

Reflection Factors

Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Floor : 0.2

Room Index / RI (K)

63.36 (7.2 + 8.8)x3.0 =1.32

Utilisation Factor (UF)

0.53

Maintenance Factor (MF)

0.8

Standard Illuminance by MS1525

150 lux

Number of light Required

đ?‘ =

đ??¸đ?‘‹đ??´ F x UF x MF

đ?‘ =

150 đ?‘Ľ 63.36 2700 đ?‘Ľ 0.53 đ?‘Ľ 0.8

đ?‘ =

9504 1144.8

= 8.3 (8 units)

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR đ?‘†đ??ťđ?‘… =

1 đ??´ đ?‘‹âˆš đ??ťđ?‘š đ?‘

đ?‘†đ??ťđ?‘… =

1 63.36 đ?‘‹âˆš 3.0 8

SHR =0.94

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0.91 =

đ?‘Ľ 3.0

X = 2.81

Fitting Layout by Approximately (m)

Fitting required along 7.70m wall = 8.8/2.82 = 2.84 = 3 rows

Number of fitting per row =8/3 = 2.66 = 3 units

Spacing along the 8.80m wall = 7.20/3 = 2.40m

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3.2.2 Proposed Luminaires Fitting Layout of Multimedia and Computer Room

(Above) Reflected Ceiling Plan of the Art Gallery and Showcase room

Conclusion According to calculations, nine (9) fixtures arranged in three(3) rows of three(3) fixtures of 23w Phillips Green Space Accent Projector are required to achieve the recommended MS1525 illumination level of 150 lux in the Art Gallery and Showcase Space.

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3.2.3 PSALI – Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors

(Above) PSALI of Art Gallery and Showcase room

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Based on the light contour diagram, daylight is sufficient for the luminance of the room to the MS1525 required 150 lux during the day. Thus, the total 9 lights can be controlled using two switches. Switch 1 controls the first rows of 3 luminaires nearest to the faรงade while switch 2 controls the second and third row of 6 luminaires further from the faรงade. Switch 2 can be switched on as it gets darker towards the evening and both Switches can be turned on during the night. This saves energy as not all lights are required at certain times of the day.

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