LIA TODAY - January/February 2014 Issue

LIATODAY THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA

Volume: 22 21 No: 1 JAN/FEB 2014 2013

PROGRESS IN 3D: FUTURE OF MEDICAL IMPLANTS

ILSC 2013: EXPERIENCE THE WORLD’S LEADING LASER LAM 2014 TO PRESENT SAFETY CONFERENCE THE LATEST ADVANCES IN PG 6MANUFACTURING EFFICIENCY & PROFITABILITY

PG 10

NEWLY REVISED ANSI Z136.1: A VITAL STANDARD FOR LASER SAFETY SUCCESS

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PG 14

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF MEDICAL LASER APPLICATIONS IN THE U.S. PG 8

FOCUS:

MEET THE NEW PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

AM & 3D Printing Medical Applications

PG 12

Photo Source: © LZH

Laser Institute of America is the international society dedicated to fostering lasers, laser applications and laser safety worldwide.

13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128 Orlando, FL 32826 Phone: +1.407.380.1553 www.lia.org

© Fraunhofer ILT/Volker Lannert

6TH ANNUAL

Join us for LIA’s sixth annual Laser Additive Manufacturing Workshop (LAM®) 2014 to learn from industry specialists from around the world with the goal of applying this state-of-the-art process (cladding & rapid manufacturing) to today’s manufacturing challenges. LAM 2014 offers quality technical sessions and networking opportunities to discuss equipment and applications with vendors and your peers.

Presented by:

March 12-13, 2014 Hilton® Houston North • Houston, TX USA

Register Now! Laser Additive Manufacturing Solutions!

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FOCUS: AM & 3D PRINTING

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

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IN THIS ISSUE: FEATURES LAM 2014 to Present the Latest Advances in Manufacturing Efficiency & Profitability

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Progress in 3D: Future of Medical Implants

10

Newly Revised ANSI Z136.1: A Vital Standard for Laser Safety Success

14

Meet LIA’s New President & Board of Directors

18

DEPARTMENTS Calendar of Events

4

Executive Director’s Message

5

President’s Message

5

Members in Motion

24

Member Innovations

24

New Corporate Members

24

ASC Z136 Update

26

BLS Update

27

Laser Insights

28

JLA

29

LIA Announces

THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA

2014 LIA OFFICERS

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Alabama Laser

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ANSI Z136.1

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ANSI Z136.9

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Feb. 25-27, 2014

Phoenix, AZ

President-Elect – Robert Thomas USAF Research Laboratory

Jun. 24-26, 2014

St. Louis, MO

Dec. 2-4, 2014

Orlando, FL

Past President – Klaus Löffler TRUMPF Laser & Systems GmbH Secretary – Lin Li The University of Manchester Treasurer – Stephen Capp Laserage Technology Corporation

Contributing Editor – Geoff Giordano

16

Publisher – Jim Naugle

Fraunhofer USA, CCL

13

Advertising Sales – Andrew Morrison

ICALEO 2014

29

IPG Photonics Corporation

32

2

Laserline Inc.

23

Laservision USA

25

LASYS

21

LIA’s CO2 MLSO Training

28

LIA’s Laser Safety Awareness Training

22

LIA's Laser U

22

LME 2014

16

Ophir-Spiricon LLC

15

Photomachining, Inc.

11

Rockwell Laser Industries

12

Tribocor Technologies, Inc.

13

TRUMPF, Inc.

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Boston, MA

Sept. 8-12, 2014

Washington, DC

Oct. 20-24, 2014

San Diego, CA

Nov. 3-7, 2014

Dallas, TX

*Certified Laser Safety Officer exam offered after the course.

Aug. 12-14, 2014

DM3D Technology, LLC

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Jun. 2-6, 2014

Copy Editor – Barbara Sams

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LAM 2014

San Antonio, TX

Laser Safety Officer Training for R&D

Cambridge Technology Inc.

Kentek Corporation

Mar. 10-14, 2014

Managing Editor – Michelle Williams

27

9

Laser Safety Officer with Hazard Analysis*

Editor-in-Chief – Peter Baker

Board of Laser Safety

Joining Technologies, Inc.

CALENDAR OF EVENTS Laser Safety Officer Training

EDITORIAL STAFF

ABB, Inc.

The editors of LIA TODAY welcome input from readers. Please submit news-related releases, articles of general interest and letters to the editor.

Mail us at LIA TODAY, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826, fax +1.407.380.5588, or send material by email to lia@lia.org.

President – Yongfeng Lu University of Nebraska – Lincoln

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ADVERTISERS

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LIA TODAY is published bimonthly to educate and inform laser professionals in laser safety and new trends related to laser technology. LIA members receive a free subscription to LIA TODAY and the Journal of Laser Applications® in addition to discounts on all LIA products and services.

BUSINESS STAFF If you are interested in advertising space in this newsletter or a subscription, call +1.407.380.1553/1.800.34.LASER or email advertising@lia.org.

ABOUTLIA

Laser Institute of America (LIA) is the professional society for laser applications and safety. Our mission is to foster lasers, laser applications and laser safety worldwide.

We believe in the importance of sharing new ideas about lasers.

In fact, laser pioneers such as Dr. Arthur Schawlow and Dr. Theodore H. Maiman were among LIA’s original founders who set the stage for our enduring mission to promote laser applications and their safe use through education, training and symposia.

LIA was formed in 1968 by people who represented the heart of the profession – a group of academic scientists, developers and engineers who were truly passionate about taking an emerging new laser technology and turning it into a viable industry.

Whether you are new to the world of lasers or an experienced laser professional, LIA is for you. We offer a wide array of products, services, education and events to enhance your laser knowledge and expertise. As an individual or corporate member, you will qualify for significant discounts on LIA materials, training courses and the industry’s most popular LIA conferences and workshops.

We invite you to become part of the LIA experience – cultivating innovation, ingenuity and inspiration.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

Orlando, FL

Industrial Laser Safety Officer Training Mar. 4-5, 2014

Novi, MI

Mar. 4-5, 2014

Orlando, FL

Medical Laser Safety Officer Training* Mar. 28-29, 2014

Chicago, IL

Jun. 7-8, 2014

Boston, MA

Sept. 6-7, 2014

Washington, DC

Oct. 18-19, 2014

San Diego, CA

Nov. 1-2, 2014

Dallas, TX

*Certified Medical Laser Safety Officer exam offered after the course.

Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM®) Workshop Mar. 12-13, 2014

Houston, TX

Lasers for Manufacturing Event® (LME®) Sept. 23-24, 2014

Schaumburg, IL

International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO®) Oct. 19-23, 2014

San Diego, CA

International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC®) Mar. 23-26, 2015

Albuquerque, NM

Visit www.lia.org for all course and event listings.

President’s Message

2013 was an extraordinary year for the stock market. Many of us regretted that we missed such a great opportunity to grow our nest eggs and wished that we had a crystal ball to predict the future. A strong stock market is usually an indication of a booming economy in the coming years. It is natural to expect that the laser industry will gain more momentum in the new year with the tail wind in economy and whirlwind of emerging new technologies, such as 3D printing. I tend to believe that some people, such as our Executive Director Peter Baker and many former LIA presidents, do have crystal balls in their minds, giving them the ability to navigate through rough waters.

This year, I have the pleasure and honor of being the president of LIA and to serve this great laser community. I hope all of you are not too disappointed to know that I do not have special abilities to see into the future. Luckily, this precognition is less important because LIA offers a myriad of opportunities that will aid us in learning what is happening and predicting what will happen. Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM®) Workshop (Mar. 12-13, 2014) will show how cladding and rapid manufacturing can be applied effectively and affordably to today’s manufacturing challenges. Lasers for Manufacturing Event® (LME®, Sept. 23-24, 2014) is the place to see the latest in laser technology, network with the industry’s elite, and find solutions to current and future manufacturing needs. The International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO®, Oct. 19-23, 2014) has a 32 year history as the conference where researchers and end-users meet to review the state-of-the art in laser materials processing and predict where the future will lead. These events will ensure many of us, even ordinary people like myself, can have access to many future opportunities.

I am excited to have the opportunity to serve you and LIA. I believe LIA is a more converging (interconnected) society than the investment world to provide success to its members. LIA is not only a community that accommodates both ordinary and extraordinary people, but also a place that transforms an ordinary person into an extraordinary one.

Executive Director’s Message

The year 2013 turned out to be a good year for lasers and for LIA. Everywhere you look there are new applications, and improvements in older applications, which are positive and helpful to humanity.

In much of the world, particularly Europe and China, governments seem to understand the value that lasers bring to society so they generously fund research on lasers and applications, possibly because their leadership includes scientists and engineers.

Here in the US, our political leadership consists overwhelmingly of lawyers so we got the sequester. The President did launch the National Network Manufacturing Innovation, which has an additive manufacturing component, last year. Hopefully the National Photonics Initiative, in which LIA participates along with OSA, SPIE, IEEE Photonics and APS, will have a positive effect on our legislators and government agencies so that proper funding becomes available in the US. Once again LIA was blessed with excellent leadership at all levels in 2013. Our conference chairs, steering committees, presenters, board members and officers did a great job in carrying out our mission. We were fortunate indeed to have Klaus Löffler as president. Klaus is a renowned runner and founder of LIA’s running club, so he kept us moving along the right track.

For 2014, Yongfeng Lu steps up as LIA president. He conducts joint research projects in the US, China and Europe and consequently racks up a lot of frequent flyer miles. We look forward to his guidance on building our international presence.

Together with the LIA staff I wish all of our readers a healthy, happy and successful 2014!

Peter Baker, Executive Director Laser Institute of America Yongfeng Lu, President Laser Institute of America

www.lia.org

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FEATURED ARTICLE FEATURED ARTICLE

LAM 2014 To Present the Latest Advances in

Manufacturing Efficiency & Profitability

BY GEOFF GIORDANO

A quick glance at the laser-industry headlines on any given day is sure to provide a mention of at least one development in the realm of laser additive manufacturing.

Consider these news items at the beginning of this year alone: Concept Laser launched a LAM research and development center in Germany, while in the US, Mitsubishi and Matsuura unveiled the LUMEX Avance-25 metal laser sintering hybrid milling machine, previously sold only in Japan and Asia. And in a Jan. 14 blog post, the Harvard Business Review asked “Will 3D Printing Cause Traditional Manufacturing to Collapse?”

Where will developments like these lead? What might they mean to increasing the efficiency — and profitability — of manufacturing in the United States and around the world?

At GRC, “we are looking at the full portfolio of businesses that are using this technology,” Sears said. “We are covering it from all aspects: health care, power (air, gas turbine, nuclear), water, oil and gas, aviation, transportation. GE is definitely taking a leadership role in advancing the technology. But we also know we can’t do it by ourselves; that’s why we’re being as open as we can to try to get people involved” — for instance, through design challenges to external AM designers and engineers.

What You Get From LAM Whether you’re a first-time attendee or a veteran of one or more of the previous five LAM workshops, LAM 2014 promises another up-to-the-minute picture of the state-of-the-art of additive processes and materials.

That’s where the Laser Institute of America’s sixth annual Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM®) Workshop comes in. LAM 2014, to be held Mar. 12-13 at the Hilton® Houston North in the energygeneration center of Houston, TX, once again will convene top-tier industry experts to discuss the latest advances in powder-bed and powder-fed applications; digital manufacturing for aviation, health care, energy and other industries; and real success stories from job shops that have adopted the so-called “disruptive” technology.

“While powder-fed processes have grown steadily since LAM’s inception six years ago, we add focus this year on the significant progress being made toward industrialization of the powder-bed approach,” said LAM General Chair Jim Sears.

Sears, an additive manufacturing veteran who joined GE’s Global Research Center (GRC) in Niskayuna, NY, about two years ago, has made a career of taking AM to the next level. GE, a regular contributor at LIA conferences, has been making great strides with additive manufacturing, particularly in the aerospace sector.

GE plans to produce tens of thousands of fuel nozzles for its LEAP engine through AM. Producing these parts layer by layer instead of from multiple components will make them significantly lighter — and require increasingly powerful 3D printers for maximum production efficiency.

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Top additive manufacturing companies will present the industry’s latest advancements in technology.

“We’re trying to bring interested people up to speed on what’s happening (in laser-based AM), what applications people are looking at and what the prospects are for the future,” Sears asserted. “We offer a directly focused, unique look at the technology.”

Traditional wire and powder cladding and repair methods will be discussed alongside the most cutting-edge opportunities. As always, Sears advised, methods are application-dependent.

“Powder gives you a lot more alloy flexibility; wire is more expensive,” he said. “If you want to put down lots of material, how complex is your shape?”

That said, “I think you will see more service centers taking advantage of (LAM) for applications that have never even been thought about. Entrepreneurs will drive the technology base, too.”

Shape complexity has been a key theme as AM is used to create increasingly intricate parts and products.

Industry leaders lending their support to LAM 2014 include cladding experts Alabama Laser, which is again serving as Platinum Sponsor. Meanwhile, Fraunhofer USA, IPG, Joining Technologies and Tribocor Technologies are sponsoring at the gold level. Laserline and Coherent are Silver Sponsors, while TRUMPF, Optomec, Cambridge Technologies and DM3D Technology are serving as bronze-level supporters.

“We like to get more designers involved (at LAM); they are the ones who have to help implement the technology, because it comes from the design. If the designers don’t know about it, we can’t put it into use. We want people to think about how they can take advantage of the technology to improve their designs. That’s the big part of this. Designers will take the lead because they will see how they can extend their designs where they weren’t able to before. I think you are going to see components that play heavily with efficiencies of operation.”

To get a preview of LAM from your home or office, you can view some key presentations from the 2013 workshop through Laser U, LIA’s exclusive online education channel. Among the available modules are presentations by William O’Neill (Designer Materials Using Supersonic Laser Deposition), Radovan Kovacevic (R&D Work at SMU’s Center for Laser-aided Manufacturing) and Ryan Dehoff (ORNL’s Additive Manufacturing Initiative).

To learn more about LAM 2014 and to register, visit www.lia.org/lam.

LAM 2014 speakers will cover global topics of interest from powders to digital manufacturing.

The roster of speakers and exhibitors speaks volumes as to the quality of information on tap at LAM 2014. As of press time, scheduled presentations representing multiple industries and global perspectives included:

NEW!

Z136.9

Safe Use of Lasers in Manufacturing Environments

Plenary addresses by Todd Rockstroh, GE Aviation (The Move to Manufacturing with Powder Bed) and David Keicher of Sandia National Labs.

Martin Leary, RMIT University, Design & Topology Optimization of Components for Laser Additive Manufacture.

An industry view from Ben Fulcher, Harvest Technologies.

An international view from Milan Brandt, RMIT University.

Shawn Kelly of EWI and Ben Ferrar of LPW Technology on AM powders.

In addition, “we have invited service providers to tell their stories and answer the pressing questions: Why did you decide to invest in this technology, and what do you see as your markets?”

Sears noted. LAM 2014 will also weed out the hype from the promise: “It’s not going to be used everywhere; it isn’t going to replace every method. Things that don’t have internal complexity probably will still be made conventionally,” like solid shapes that are machinable or castable.

Published by:

LIA.ORG/ANSI.9 1.800.34.LASER

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JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

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FEATURED ARTICLE FEATURED ARTICLE

Progress in 3D: Future of Medical Implants

BY CHRISTIAN NÖLKE, MATTHIAS GIESEKE, RONNY HAGEMANN AND STEFAN KAIERLE

Using two step laser additive manufacturing (LAM), commonly known as Selective Laser Melting, offers the opportunity to manufacture three dimensional (3D) parts. This manufacturing technique has gained a lot of attention and interest during the recent years and is of particular interest because prior computer tomography investigations allow an easy providing of the required patient individual dataset. This way offers a completely digital process chain until the required implant is produced.

Manufacturing of steel and titanium implants with adapted surface structures and adapted mechanical properties is already within the scope of industrial research.

Using additive manufactured products for surgery is nothing completely new within the medical area. Currently there are already a number of applications where such products are used.

One option is the use of additive manufactured parts for the patient individual pre-operative planning of complex surgeries.

This enables the visualization and planning of critical steps.

Second there is a use of AM products for patient individual manufactured surgical guides that can simplify the correct placement and increase the accuracy of the required cuttings and drillings. And finally there is the manufacturing of inert implants itself; prominent examples are tooth implants and hip cups.

that can be enabled on demand. And second, adequate biodegradable magnesium alloys can offer a tailored degradation behavior for osteosynthesis or vascular application. Due to their specific material properties, successful processing using SLM is challenging for each of these alloys. Special machine systems have been developed to overcome restrictions regarding the environmental conditions.

Processing of Nitinol requires a special inert process atmosphere, free of any impurities due to the sensitive behavior of the material regarding changes in its chemical composition. Slight changes already show a significant impact on the grade of functionality and the activation temperature of the one way shape memory effect. Due to this, a special laboratory SLM machine system has been developed for processing of Nitinol (Fig. 1A). Up to now it has been shown that it is possible to realize fully functional NiTi-parts using a Selective Laser Melting process (Fig. 1B).

Nevertheless there is a significant dependency regarding the functional properties between each step of the production line that has to be taken into account to finally achieve the requested material characteristics. One possible medical application is the use of Nitinol for cochlea implants to improve the insertion behavior and the custom fit of these implants.

Although AM products are already in use, this technique is still in the very beginning stages, surgeons are just recognizing its potential and, consequently, they are continuously developing new applications and demands for medical AM components. So, when we are looking towards the future of medical implants, there is an increasing request for special properties of the implants like individuality, “intelligence” and biodegradability. Consequently, one approach in the research line of LZH e.V. is the SLM-based processing of special materials to realize individual implants with tailored properties regarding their intelligent functionality and biodegradability.

Two alloys that are currently under investigation are suitable to fulfill these requests: First, shape memory alloys like Nitinol can be used to realize actuating properties within micro actuators

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Figure 1A.

Laboratory machine platform for SLM of Nitinol

Figure 1B. Samples made by SLM of Nitinol

Investigations on SLM of magnesium are carried out at Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. using an industrial SLM machine system with an overpressure building chamber in order to overcome existing difficulties in processing magnesium. The new machine platform allows two bar overpressure within the processing chamber and is used to investigate the processing behavior of magnesium powders at elevated pressure conditions. Since magnesium alloys show a non-standard processing behavior, manufacturing of non-porous and three dimensional parts from magnesium was not possible yet. Currently, the first promising result could be achieved, following a new strategy (Fig. 2).

Figure 2.

Figure 3. Schematic sketch of the hybrid implant structure

In conclusion, it can be said that AM products are not only interesting for industrial applications coming from the automotive and aircraft companies. There is a strong demand existing in the medical area as well, and there are new demands growing continuously for future implants and procedures. Using SLM manufactured Niti-parts could be one way to increase the functionality of implants and biodegradable magnesium alloys can be a way to provide metallic bioresorbable implants.

The presented results are partially funded within the national projects: BMBF “Remedis” (FKZ: 03IS2081), “Gentle CI” (FKZ: 16SV3944) and the DFG project HA 1213/77-1.

Samples made by SLM of Magnesium

Finally, the SLM process of Mg-alloys shall be used for the production of bioresorbable implants for the individual replacement of cranial defects. This means, that directly after the surgery the implant is the load bearing part. Through the healing procedure, the bone is regenerating and the implant is slowly disappearing during this time. Consequently, there will be a successive change of the load bearing from the implant towards the regenerated bone. If necessary, there is the option foreseen to integrate a titanium mesh to increase the mechanical stability of the hybrid implant (Fig. 3). Using an additional P(3HB) polymer coating shall realize a controlled degradation behavior of the implant during the healing procedure. In combination with a special previtalizing, an improved cell growth shall be achieved.

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FEATURED ARTICLE FEATURED ARTICLE

Newly Revised ANSI Z136.1:

REVISED!

A Vital Standard for Laser Safety Success

BY GEOFF GIORDANO

New maximum permissible exposure limits (MPEs), new definitions and newly rewritten sections are among the main highlights of the just-revised parent standard for laser safety, the ANSI Z136.1-2014.

Updated for the first time in the last seven years, the new American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers will be available through the Laser Institute of America, secretariat of the Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136, which develops the laser safety standards. The ANSI Z136.1 standard guides the safe use of lasers and laser systems by defining control measures for the seven laser hazard classifications.

“There have been extensive changes to the ANSI Z136.1 standard with a focus on increasing usability,” explained Ben Rockwell, chairman of ASC Z136 Standards Subcommittee 1 (SSC-1).

“Significant increases in the MPE in the near-infrared will enable a plethora of new laser applications. Several sections were rewritten to reorganize, update and improve technical content to allow for easier access to information necessary for everyday laser safety implementation. For example, a list of acronyms and abbreviations was added at the front of Section 2 (the definitions section) to allow for easy learning of the standard’s vernacular.

In addition, much care was put into reviewing the definitions, with many added to allow for clarification of many particulars in the standard.”

Added Wesley Marshall, chair of ASC Z136 Technical Subcommittee 7, Analysis and Applications (TSC-7), the newly revamped ANSI Z136.1 “is probably the most comprehensive revision to date, even more so than the 2000 revision. It has been a monumental task involving thousands of modifications of different sections of the standard and thousands of hours of work by the Z136 accredited committee members. This newest revision, like past standards, covers intrabeam viewing and viewing of diffuse reflections and extended sources, considering photochemical, thermal and skin hazards.”

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According to Rockwell, who has chaired LIA’s International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC®) several times, highlights of the standard include: 19 new definitions of key terms, including administrative control measure, beam divergence, beam waist, saturable absorption and visible luminous transmission.

A significant increase in allowed exposure levels for wavelengths between 1.2 µm and 1.4 µm, and a slight decrease in exposure limits for pulses shorter than approximately 10 µs.

An updated section on “special qualifications” for medical-related exposures to include MPEs expressed in terms of illuminance.

Rearranged Section 4 (Control Measures) and rewritten Section 7 (Non-beam Hazards) to increase comprehension.

Examples involving new exposure limits added to Appendix B. Vertical standards — Z136.2 through Z136.9 — now take precedence over this document within the scope of those standards. “This makes the Z136.1 officially a horizontal standard.”

The degradation of optics transmission in the UV and NIR is now included in the analysis of hazard classification of lasers.

Much Ado About MPEs Marshall elaborated on the scope of the MPE revisions.

“Maximum permissible exposure to single pulses has been reduced for many lasers that produce a retinal hazard,” he noted. “For most laser systems, calculations of the hazards has been simplified in that the rules for dealing with multiple-pulse lasers has been reduced from three to two. Rule three now only

Ad-15 1/2 USA applies to some extended source exposures such as diffuse reflections. Exposure to diffuse reflections may be conservatively treated the same as point source exposure, thereby avoiding the more complicated extended source calculations described in this latest revision.”

Bruce Stuck, chair of the Technical Subcommittee on Laser Bioeffects and Medical Surveillance (TSC-1), stressed that the MPEs are “based upon expert assessment of biological effects or dose-response data.” Changes in the near-infrared provide dual limits to protect the cornea, iris and lens. Other refinements address dependence of the MPE on the irradiance diameter (spot size), adjustment to the short-pulse MPEs (nanosecond, femtosecond) and treatment of repetitive pulses. “It sounds paradoxical, but although many changes have been made to the MPEs, most hazard assessments of common lasers will not be affected.”

86x241

23-01-13

The CRT oscilloscope was invented in 1897 in Germany by Braun to allow observation of exact waveforms of an electrical signal and has been serving mankind ever since.

The Gold Standard The ANSI Z136.1 standard is indispensable in creating a safe working environment where lasers are used. While it is a voluntary standard, it is a laser safety officer’s (LSO’s) best friend — and a vital insurance policy for companies.

“What gives the Z136.1 standard a little bit of teeth is OSHA,” said Bill Ertle, president of Rockwell Laser Industries, during his presentation on Z136.1 updates at ILSC 2013 in Orlando.

“OSHA accepts industry practices. If you go to the OSHA website and click on the laser page, it tells you that you should follow safe practices,” referencing the ANSI approved Z136 series.

Ertle, chair of the Technical Subcommittee on Control Measures and Training (TSC-4), emphasizes that the core purposes of the standard include designation of an LSO, confirmation of laser classification, evaluation of hazards and determination of MPEs and nominal hazard zones. “It’s very methodical,” he says.

“Many accidents have (involved) untrained or unauthorized personnel, so it’s critical to authorize the (laser) users, train them appropriately and perform periodic audits.”

Having a laser safety program in place is vital. Ertle recalled one report of potential laser irradiation that prompted a visit from OSHA. “People didn’t know who the LSO was; people didn’t know what to do in the event of an injury, and this company got slapped with a nice fine. Not having a program in place was the biggest thing they were hit for.”

That is why “maintaining records is critical — any training, any incidents. Perform periodic audits and surveys. We always, in the Z136 standards, yield to the LSO. We use words like ‘periodic’ so you can determine whether that’s something you have to do annually, every two years or every six months. Many words in the Z136.1 standard are very flexible to let management and the LSO decide what’s appropriate for their facility.”

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FEATURED ARTICLE FEATURED ARTICLE

2014 LIA Officers Meet LIA’s New President & Board of Directors

LIA’S 2014 PRESIDENT YONGFENG LU graduated from Tsinghua University of Beijing, China, in 1984 with a degree in electrical engineering. Dr. Lu went on to receive his M.Sc. from Osaka University, Japan, in 1988 and his Ph.D. from the same university in 1991. Dr. Lu’s research expertise lies in laser-based micro/nanoscale materials processing and characterization, which lead him to the development of various laserbased material processing technologies and their subsequent implementation in commercial markets. After earning his degrees, Dr. Lu spent several years in Singapore, where he served as faculty at the National University of Singapore and was able to establish an active group in laser microprocessing.

In 2002, Dr. Lu joined the University of Nebraska – Lincoln’s Department of Electrical Engineering, where he created the LaserAssisted Nano Engineering (LANE) research group and continued his investigation of laser-based material synthesis, micro and nano-fabrication, and diagnostics. These efforts have earned him attention in a number of journals, including Advanced Materials, Light: Science and Applications, Carbons and Applied Physics Letters, as well as over 15 million dollars’ worth of grants from NSF, DoD, DOE and many other organizations. Throughout his years of educational experience, Dr. Lu has mentored 23 Ph.D. students and over 30 M.Sc. and M.Eng. students. He was also given the honor of Lott University Professor in 2010.

In the laser industry at large, Dr. Lu served as general chair for ICALEO® in 2007 and 2008, and has been elected as a Fellow by LIA, SPIE and OSA. He is an active contributor to and a member of the international laser, applied optics, material science and engineer communities, and hopes to further LIA’s influence in these areas.

As president, Dr. Lu believes in the importance of establishing a strong foundation to support LIA’s members in applied research and industrial applications of lasers. In particular, he would like to encourage more researchers and engineers in industries that are benefited by laser applications to contribute to LIA’s many conferences and activities. Another one of Dr. Lu’s goals is to raise

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the next generation’s interest in the laser industry in the hope that young members will assume leadership roles in LIA. Finally, he wants to continue LIA’s efforts to include the global community in LIA-related events, enlarging the support base provided by the organization.

In his personal life, Dr. Lu takes a keen interest in raising his two children. He enjoys learning the ways in which different cultures convey their knowledge and wisdom to the next generation. Though he enjoys travel and international cuisine, Dr. Lu enjoys the quiet Nebraska lifestyle, where he learned how to mow the lawn, blow snow and raise a dog. We wish Yongfeng Lu success in all of his endeavors as this year’s LIA president!

PRESIDENT-ELECT ROBERT THOMAS is an essential figure in research and publication throughout the many facets of the laser industry. He initially earned his B.S. degree in physics from Pittsburg State University in 1989, and worked to receive a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Missouri, Columbia, in 1994. His graduate studies focused on the fields of spectroscopy and numerical simulations for strained-layer semiconductor heterostructures, and after obtaining his doctorate, Dr. Thomas joined the Air Force Research Laboratory in San Antonio, TX. Since then, he has established an impressive portfolio of publications covering topics including experimental and theoretical biomedical optics, laser-tissue interactions and laser safety exposure limit definitions. In addition to his memberships in SPIE, the American Physical Society (APS), the Directed Energy Professional Society (DEPS) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Dr. Thomas has used his role as Fellow of LIA to contribute to the development of the ANSI Z136 series of standards. For his efforts, he was appointed as the Chairman for the ASC Z136 in 2010.

TREASURER STEPHEN CAPP is a familiar face in the laser industry, having been CEO of Laserage Technology Corporation since 1994 as well as LIA treasurer and president in 2011. In 1978 he graduated from the Milwaukee School of Engineering with degrees in both Electrical Power Engineering Technology and Industrial Management. A good number of his 25 years in the laser industry have been spent at Laserage, where he was employed as plant manager and vice president of operations before earning the title of CEO. In addition to serving on LIA’s Board of Directors, Capp

was previously national treasurer and member of the Executive Council of the International Microelectronics and Packaging Society.

With his years of experience handling the operations of 501(c)(3) corporations, Capp looks forward to managing financial subjects and issues for LIA. SECRETARY LIN LI’s many contributions to the laser industry derive from his extensive research background and continued activity in international groups and institutions. He began laser-processing researching at Imperial College, UK, in 1985, and obtained a Ph.D. in laser cladding in 1989. Following his graduation, he maintained a number of research positions in universities throughout the country, including Liverpool University and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. In 2009, he joined the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester, where he served as the director of research and member of the school’s Senate. Dr. Li’s research portfolio spans over 550 publications in laser processing, as well as 47 patents and more than 300 articles in a number of peer reviewed journals. His Fellow status at LIA is one among many, as Dr. Li has been elected as Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in the UK, the Institute of Engineering and Technology and the International Academy for Production Engineering. In 2013, Dr. Li was honored with the Royal Academy of Engineering Frank Whittle Medal.

IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT KLAUS LÖFFLER has exhibited a wide range of experience throughout his career, from engineering and application to sales and implementation. After graduating from the University of Stuttgart, Germany, with his master’s in mechanical engineering, Löffler worked on the LaserCAV process at MAHO in Pfronten, Germany. In 1991 he joined TRUMPF Laser Technik as a CO2 development engineer. He ventured to the US in 1995, when he became the technical coordinator between TRUMPF and the Connecticut-based TRUMPF, Inc. Over his career Löffler has been responsible for the implantation of many TRUMPF lasers worldwide, as well as the creation of the TRUMPF Laser Technology Center in Plymouth, MI. In 2011 he was given the title of Head of International Sales for TRUMPF Laser. Löffler first became a member of the Board of Directors of LIA in 2007, and has fulfilled many valuable roles in the organization. In addition to his active presence at LIA, Löffler serves on the advisory board of the Fraunhofer IWU, Bavarian Laser Center, School of Advanced Optical Technology and more.

2014-2016

Board of Directors ECKHARD BEYER has been an active force in Germany’s laser industry for nearly 20 years as a contributor to the field of laser materials processing and a liaison between international communities. He received a diploma in physics from the University of Technology Darmstadt before earning a Ph.D. in physical engineering. In 1985 he was appointed as the acting director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology in Aachen, Germany, and went on to assume the roles of director of laser application and deputy director. Today he is the executive director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS in Dresden, where he engages in research and development in laser and surface technology as well as alternative, customized processes termed “hybrid processes.” In addition to his achievements as executive director, Dr. Beyer can be found chairing sessions at various international conferences, including ICALEO® and LIM. His lifetime experience has earned him approximately 500 publications to his name, and he is the owner of 65 patents. Dr. Beyer is also a past president of LIA. KEN DZURKO received his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California in 1989, having studied the application of novel epitaxial growth techniques to laser diode devices. After holding various management and executive positions in engineering, operations and business development—as well as earning experience as a laser application consultant for interested companies and investors—Dr. Dzurko joined SPI Lasers LLC in 2007 and now holds the position of general manager. Through SPI Lasers LLC, Dr. Dzurko heads the sales, service and applications personnel in the US for the UK-based company. Their Santa Clara office promotes laser applications support worldwide while engaging in research and development. In addition, Dzurko has served on LIA’s Board of Directors for the past three years.

(Continued on page 20)

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GILBERT HAAS has attained 31 years of experience with industrial lasers. He received his BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin and an AS degree in Laser Technology from North Central Technical College, and has supplemented his formal education with classes in Mechanical Engineering and Metallurgy. Haas has held positions such as Laser Field Service Engineer and Technical Support Engineer, eventually working his way to Senior Applications Engineer due to his work on the first commercially produced Nd:YAG 1 kW SLAB laser. Intrigued by the possibilities open to laser beam delivery technology, he founded Haas Laser Technologies, Inc., in 1992. In addition to the design and manufacturing of custom laser beam delivery components, the company produces laser beam measurement equipment and systems for industrial applications out of its headquarters in Flanders, NJ. Haas has added to his success in business by teaching classes, lecturing and partaking in research and publishing, and he holds several patents in industrial laser applications.

KLAUS KLEINE heads the marketing of high power fiber and direct diode lasers for industrial applications at Coherent Inc., where he is currently the director of product line management. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, and holds an MS (Dipl. Ing) from the Aachen University of Applied Science in Germany. Dr. Kleine was previously employed as the general manager for US operations at Laserline, and has held positions at organizations such as Gudiant, Tsunami Optics, Iridex Crop, DuPont and the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology. His background in differing markets allows him to bring a fresh perspective to LIA’s Board of Directors, and he is enthused to promote the implementation of laser technologies in even more applications and industries.

MARKUS KOGEL-HOLLACHER has shaped his career around his work in the fields of monitoring and controlling laser processes.

In 1994 he earned his MS degree at the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, and went on to receive his MS in physics from the Aachen University in Germany in 1996. Shortly after, Kogel-Hollacher worked for Precitec Optronik GmbH in Rodgau, Germany, where he focused on the connection between results in R&D and industrial application. Today he is head of the R&D projects departments at the Precitec Group, where he supervises government funded projects on a global scale. In 2008, he finished his Ph.D. at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. A 2012 finalist of Germany’s Innovation Award in Laser Technology, Dr. Kogel-Hollacher has been a member of LIA since 2002. His careerspanning interest in the evolution from research project to application, mirrors LIA’s active bonding of science and industry.

WILLIAM LAWSON founded Laser Machining, Inc. in 1978 with the production of a single 50 W CO2 laser. Sold in 2002, LMI grew into a hybrid laser suite with 225 employees and over 35 industrial lasers offered. Lawson received his bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and supplemented

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his course work with classes in mechanical engineering, electronics and material science at the University of Minnesota-Minneapolis.

Before founding LMI, he worked for 3M Company’s Central Research Laboratories as well as the US Army’s Tank and Automotive Command, and in 1974 he started the engineering consulting firm Lawson, Lawson & Assoc., with his father Robert Lawson. After becoming chief technology officer for Preco Laser Systems LLC in 2002, Lawson remained in Somerset, WI, where he founded NewTech Development, LLC in the aims of aiding emerging market companies in their plans for growth. He has served LIA’s Board of Directors as a Board Member, treasurer and president.

REINHART POPRAWE, president of LIA as recent as 2012, received his M.A. in Physics from the California State University in Fresno in 1977, and has maintained a presence in the global laser community ever since.

Having obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Technology Darmstadt in 1984, Dr. Poprawe joined the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology in Aachen, Germany as head of the “Laser oriented process development” department in 1985. From 1989 to 1996, he served as CEO to Thyssen Laser Technik GmbH, an Aachen based organization he himself founded. From 1996 to today, Dr. Poprawe has acted as managing director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, and he is a member of the board in AKL Arbeitskreis Lasertechnike.

V. Aachen. Elected as a Fellow in the Society of Manufacturing Engineers since 1998, he has been a major part of a number of boards and organizational structures worldwide.

MICHAEL SCHMIDT is CEO of the research organization Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH (blz). He received a diploma in Electrical Engineering and worked as a staff scientist at the chair of manufacturing technology before earning his Ph.D. for the thesis Process Control for Laser Spot Welds in Electronic Production. His graduate work garnered him the Award of the Technical Faculty at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, where he acts as professor today. Dr. Schmidt’s contributions to the University include the establishment of the Chair of Photonic Technologies, which highlights simulation, sensor technology and ultra-short-pulse lasers. In addition to his efforts to merge the cultures of academic research and industrial applications as CEO of the blz, Dr. Schmidt is involved with external academic and economic committees, such as the board “Bayern photonics e.V.,” the Bavarian working group “Networking Research,” and the International Academy for Production Engineering. His major accomplishments include the implementation of a Laser Demonstration Center in Sankt Petersburg, Russia and his cooperation with Quebec, Canada’s INO. BILL SHINER is an LIA veteran, and has been a member since its inception. He is vice president of Industrial at IPG Photonics in Oxford, MA, which manufactures fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers for a wide range of markets. He received his B.S., EE and MBA from Northeastern University, and has utilized his background in laser technology and application to publish several articles

and create presentations on the subject. As a past president and Fellow of LIA, Shiner trusts the organization to keep him knowledgeable about changes in technology and provide him with a network that connects him to industrial partners and friends alike.

Shiner also serves on the Photonics Spectra Editorial Board.

STEVE WEISS began his career in the laser industry as a special machine designer in the early 1980’s before forming Innovative Laser Technologies in 1998. The company has since sold and installed over 350 workstations in many of the markets in which lasers are an emerging factor.

Previously, his major role was in designing the laser workstations before he became project manager at ILT. Today he works in the Business Development Group in addition to his responsibilities as treasurer of Innovative’s Board of Directors. Weiss is also engaged in industrial laser groups such as FMA and SME.

International trade fair for laser material processing

2013-2015

Board of Directors Paul Denney

Lincoln Electric

Larry Dosser

Wright State University

Stefan Heinemann

TRUMPF

Stefan Kaierle

Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.

Xinbing Liu

Panasonic Boston Laboratory

Eric Mottay

Amplitude Systems

Robert Mueller

Lasers-at-Work Consulting Ltd.

Andreas Ostendorf

Ruhr-University Bochum

Silke Pflueger

DirectPhotonics

Islam Salama

Intel Corporation

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Milan Brandt

RMIT University

Michael Francoeur

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William O’Neill

University of Cambridge

Henrikki Pantsar

Cencorp Corporation

Nathaniel Quick

AppliCote Associates, LLC

Koji Sugioka

Riken

Kunihiko Washio

Paradigm Laser Research Ltd

Rongshi Xiao

Beijing University of Technology

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Member Innovations

Members In Motion

Miyachi America Introduces New Micro TIG Welder Miyachi America Corporation, a leading manufacturer of welding equipment and systems, introduces the new Miyachi MAWA300A Micro TIG Welder. The MAWA-300A is ideally suited for joining conductive materials such as copper, coated wires and dissimilar materials found in a variety of industries such as automobile, medical equipment, aerospace, electronics and battery assembly.

CREOL Industrial Affiliates Day & Short Courses 2014 Please join us for CREOL’s Industrial Affiliates Day 2014 on Friday, Mar. 7. An exciting program has been planned with a theme of Advances in Optics & Photonics. Topics include: fiber lasers, nanophotonics for medical applications, optical ceramic lasers and silicon photonics. Invited distinguished speakers include: Bryce Sampson (Nufern), Mehdi Asghari (Kotura Inc.) and Greg Quarles (Optoelectronics Management Network). Four CREOL faculty (Lawrence Shah, Pieter Kik, Romaine Gaume and Sasan Fathpour) will also give technical talks reporting research at UCF. For more information, visit www.creol.ucf.edu/Partnerships/Affiliates/AffiliatesDay2014/.

Micro TIG is a non-contact welding process, producing high quality welds with minimal heat affected zone by generating an electric arc between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece, using the resultant heat to create the weld. For more information, visit www.miyachiamerica.com.

Technique Stabilizes Femtosecond Pulses A new technique that stabilizes femtosecond (fs) pulses generated in a microresonator could improve devices dependent on such pulses for applications in telecommunications, broadband spectroscopy and astronomy, among others.

Last year, a team from Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) and from EFPL in Switzerland published a paper in Nature Photonics stating that the primary source of noise in microresonator-based optical frequency combs is related to nonlinear harmonic generation mechanisms, rather than the fundamental physical limitations of the devices. That means that, in principle, the noise can be reduced. For more information, visit www.msu.ru/en.

WELCOME NEW

CORPORATE MEMBERS

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Lasermet LTD

Dorset, Great Britain

Time-Bandwidth Products Schlieren/Zurich, Switzerland

For a complete list of corporate members, visit our corporate directory at www.lia.org/membership.

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Dan Hull Appointed to National Academy of Engineering Study Committee Daniel Hull has been appointed to serve as a member of the National Academy of Engineering Committee on the Status, Role and Needs of Engineering Technology Education in the United States.

The 18-month consensus study will review the production and employment of engineering technologists and technicians in the United States; gather available data and explore private- and public-sector employer perceptions regarding the adequacy of the supply of engineering technologists and technicians as well as the appropriateness of the knowledge and skills they bring to the workplace; and describe the characteristics of US engineering technology education programs. For more information, visit www.op-tec.org.

United Nations Proclaims an International Year of Light in 2015 The United Nations General Assembly has proclaimed 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL2015).

Championed by scientific organizations around the world including SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, IYL2015 will promote improved public and political understanding of the central role of light in the modern world and celebrate significant scientific anniversaries occurring in 2015.

In proclaiming an International Year focusing on the topic of light science and its applications, the United Nations has recognized the importance of raising global awareness of how light-based technologies promote sustainable development and provide solutions to global challenges in energy, education, agriculture and health, organizers said. For more information, visit www.spie.org.

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ASC Z136

Update

Sometime between writing this update and the publication of this issue, Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) Z136 will hold its annual meeting and the revised ANSI Z136.1-2014 will become available to the public.

ASC Z136 is the volunteer committee responsible for developing and maintaining the Z136 series of laser safety standards; LIA is secretariat to this group. The committee is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). A trip to ANSI’s website explains better its role in relation to our industry, “ANSI facilitates the development of American National Standards by accrediting the procedures of standards developing organizations. These groups work cooperatively to develop voluntary national consensus standards. Accreditation by ANSI signifies that the procedures used by the standards body, in connection with the development of American National Standards, meet the Institute’s essential requirements for openness, balance, consensus and due process.”

interest can participate in the development of the standard; however, the process cannot be dominated by any single interest category, individual or organization. Diversity is sought with the objective of achieving balance of interests. Consensus must be achieved before the standard can be approved.

This particular version of the Z136.1 standard was approved by ASC Z136 unanimously. No small feat, to achieve unanimity among the leaders of the laser safety community, especially given the extensive changes in this version, see Newly Revised ANSI Z136.1: A Vital Standard for Success on page 14.

ASC Z136 annual meeting highlights will be featured in the next issue of the LIA TODAY. We are looking forward to welcoming new members to the committee. How about you? Are you interested in having a voice on the committee, influence on the next revision?

Direct membership questions to Barbara Sams at bsams@lia.org or +1.407.380.1553.

“What does that mean to me?” you ask. It means the standards that you follow, predominately the ANSI Z136.1, are developed following ANSI’s essential requirements for due process. Any person with an

REVISED!

Z136.1

Safe Use of Lasers 2014

Provides the Essential Steps for a Safe Program!

LIA.ORG/ANSI.1 1.800.34.LASER

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JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

Published by:

BLS

Update

All CLSOs and CMLSOs whose certification maintenance cycle ended Dec. 31, 2013 and have not recertified – Contact the BLS office today to avoid losing your active status!

organizations, or active participation in laser safety standards or regulations committees accrue one point per year. These easily obtainable points are irrelevant after the fact.

In accordance with the CLSO and CMLSO Policies & Procedures manuals, “it is the responsibility of the CLSO/CMLSO to submit CM forms and recertification fees on time.” Certification Maintenance (CM) worksheets with supporting documentation and recertification fees were due Feb. 1. The consequence of not recertifying by this date is “Inactive Status” – loss of the use of your designation.

Attendance at laser safety or applications related professional conferences or meetings is worth one point per full day; presentations earn half of a point each in addition to attendance points. Remember to keep conference programs to verify related session topics, as these need to be documented especially if the event was not BLS-approved prior to occurrence.

To restore status, CM worksheets accompanied with appropriate recertification and late fees will be accepted up to and including May 31. After that time, it will be necessary to retake the exam to become active again.

Maintenance cycle ending Dec. 2014 or later? Don’t put off collecting your CM points until year three! Maintaining your certification is a vital part of becoming a CLSO or CMLSO. Some strategies to consider – membership in laser safety related

At the BLS, we want you to be successful in maintaining your CLSO/CMLSO active status! We pledge to make every effort to inform you of CM point availability, along with the number of points attributed to future events and opportunities. If you attend a training course or participate in an activity not currently approved for CM points, you may submit the information to the BLS for consideration of points toward certification maintenance.

For additional information, please visit the BLS website at www.lasersafety.org or contact us at bls@lasersafety.org or call +1.407.985.3810.

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27

Laser Insights

Featured Abstracts

Laser Insights is a feature to give insight into the very latest developments in laser safety and the possible applications of laser materials processing.

These overviews are designed to give you insight into the content and applications of the papers presented at our conferences and workshops. Visit www.lia.org/laserinsights to begin your search. View complete articles of the abstracts below online under the Featured Category.

Integrated Rapid 3D Mapping and Laser Additive Repair of Gas Turbine Engine Components

Post-Processing of LAM Parts with Ultrafast Lasers

BY ILYA MINGAREEV, TOBIAS BONHOFF, ASHRAF F. EL-SHERIF, WILHELM MEINERS, INGOMAR KELBASSA, TIM BIERMANN AND MARTIN RICHARDSON

BY LIJUE XUE, MATT DONOVAN, YANGSHENG LI, JIANYIN CHEN, SHAODONG WANG AND GLEN CAMPBELL

Jet engines need to run as hot as possible to extract maximum energy from fuel. Combustion components are subjected to extremely harsh environment, running at elevated temperature with high vibration and pressure, which results in varying degrees of wear and fretting. Interface surfaces on combustion parts, such as the air caps of fuel nozzles, frequently are worn beyond use and must be replaced during overhaul. Repair and replacement of these components can be very expensive and time consuming.

National Research Council Canada (NRC) has developed precision laser additive manufacturing technology for repair of worn gas turbine components. The repair system uses integrated 3D mapping and laser additive deposition.

Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is a rapidly developing field of advanced fabrication technologies that will benefit many industries by enabling near-net shape manufacturing of high-value components from metals, ceramics and compound materials. However, the geometry and the surface quality of parts produced by LAM can be significantly affected by heat-induced distortions, solidified melt droplets, partially fused powders, and surface modifications induced by the laser tool motion. The dimensional accuracy is insufficient for many application areas, thus requiring a certain amount of post-processing such as CNC milling and polishing. While efficient for solid and bulk components, conventional post-processing techniques cannot be applied to parts made of brittle, heat-sensitive materials, many multi-layer material systems and components with engineered porosity.

CO2 Medical Laser Safety Training – Online!

Enroll Today and Provide a Safer Medical Facility Tomorrow > Obtain information essential to the development of a comprehensive CO2 laser service specific to medical facilities and applications.

> Gain an understanding of the safe use of CO

2

medical procedures.

lasers in

> Stay on the cutting-edge of medical laser safety strategies specifically for CO2 lasers.

> Gain applicable knowledge you can utilize today to protect your patients and staff from the hazards of CO2 lasers.

> Save time and travel expense with an online program that is tailored to fit the busy schedules of working professionals in the medical field.

www.lia.org/education

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JLA

Editor’s Pick

The Laser Institute of America’s official refereed publication, the Journal of Laser Applications® (JLA), an online-only journal, is complete with new features for a broader audience. JLA is hosted on AIP Publishing’s robust Scitation online platform, providing the journal with great functionality and the ability to leverage a wide range of valuable discoverability features. JLA features nine topic sections, a faster peer-review process and a more functional website (jla.aip.org) that makes content easier to access and more interactive. Readers will find full-text HTML rendering featuring inline reference links and the ability to enlarge tables and figures by clicking on them. Among the new features are enhanced search functions with more options and better controls to explore returned content in more useful ways.

Investigation Into the Effects of Process Parameters on Bending Angle in the Laser Bending of Tailor Machined Blanks Based on a Statistical Analysis

Subscription Information

BY MEHDI SAFARI, MAHMOUD FARZIN AND ABBAS GHAEI

In this paper, the effects of process parameters on bending angle in laser bending of tailor machined blanks are investigated experimentally. The Taguchi experimental design method is employed to study various parameters, which significantly affect the bending angle in the laser bending of tailor machined blanks. The start point of scan path, irradiating method, laser output power, beam diameter, and number of radiation passes are considered in the evaluations. A Taguchi standard orthogonal array is chosen for the design of experiments. The level of importance of the process parameters on the bending angle is determined by using analysis of variance. The optimum process parameters combination is obtained by using the analysis of signal-to-noise ( ) ratios.

BY PHONE

For non-members of LIA, call the American Institute of Physics at 1.800.344.6902 for subscription information.

ONLINE

Sign up at jla.aip.org/alerting_services/ table_of_contents_alerts to receive your JLA table of contents email alerts.

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LIA

Announces

Calculate the Effectiveness of LIA’s Evaluator Software Online Today!

LIA’s EVALUATOR utilizes an innovative delivery system to provide a new and improved user experience for laser safety officers of all skill levels: Basic, Intermediate and Advanced.

This innovative system provides a reliable way to easily double-check laser safety calculations. It is based on the ANSI Z136.1 Safe Use of Lasers standard and will perform repeated calculations of maximum permissible exposure (MPE), optical density (OD), nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD), nominal hazard zone (NHZ) and laser hazard classification.

Take advantage of the EVALUATOR’s Advanced 2 Year subscription, or browse through the additional skill levels and subscription packages. For more information, visit www.LSEval.com.

Discover Engineers Week 2014 Founded by NSPE in 1951, EWeek (Feb. 16–22, 2014) is dedicated to ensuring a diverse and well-educated future engineering workforce by increasing understanding of and interest in engineering and technology careers.

Today, EWeek is a formal coalition of more than 70 engineering, education and cultural societies, and more than 50 corporations and government agencies. Dedicated to raising public awareness of engineers’ positive contributions to quality of life, EWeek promotes recognition among parents, teachers and students of the importance of a technical education and a high level of math, science and technology literacy. It motivates youth, to pursue engineering careers in order to provide a diverse and vigorous engineering workforce. Each year, EWeek reaches thousands of schools, businesses and community groups across the US. For more information, visit www.nspe.org/PartnersStates/eweek.htmal.

LASER World of PHOTONICS CHINA 2014 LASER World of PHOTONICS CHINA is the leading regional trade show for optical technologies in China. It takes place in Shanghai every year in March and presents the entire range of photonics in an international setting.

In 2013, 539 exhibitors from 18 countries attended the LASER World of PHOTONICS CHINA 2013 and attracted 36,042 professional visitors on 28,750 square meters of floor space at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC). Now, in 2014, LASER World of PHOTONICS CHINA 2014 will continue to provide an ideal platform for optical technologies at Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC) during Mar. 18-20.

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LASER World of PHOTONICS CHINA 2014 will also feature a firstrate conference program and collaborates with Chinese research institutes, industry associations and media partners. For more information, visit www.world-of-photonics.net/en/laser-china/start.

Save the Date For LME 2014!

LIA’s Lasers for Manufacturing Event® (LME®) is the place to see the latest in laser technology, network with the industry’s elite and find solutions to current and future manufacturing needs. Our mission is to provide a one-stop event for companies interested in integrating laser technology into their production. Mark your calendar to attend LIA’s fourth annual LME on Sept. 23-24, 2014 and visit the show floor theater where keynote presenters will cover trending topics in the laser industry, attend free expanded educational sessions, and network with the experts and suppliers in the field.

Interested in being part of LME? Come and showcase your company to buyers that are coming to LME where they can learn more about lasers, inquire about using lasers in their manufacturing process, and find out how lasers can help them. This event will help prepare attendees to become buyers! For more information on LME exhibitor or sponsorship opportunities, or the upcoming 2014 education track, please visit www.laserevent.org or call 1.800.34.LASER.

33rd

Sign Up for ICALEO 2014 Today!

Save the date for LIA’s International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO®). ICALEO will take place in San Diego, CA, Oct. 19-23, 2014 and has a 32 year history as the conference where researchers and end-users meet to review the state-of-the art in laser materials processing and predict where the future will lead.

Now is the time to sign up to become an ICALEO 2014 vendor or sponsor. As the premier conference on laser materials processing, ICALEO attracts over 200 companies and organizations from more than 30 countries. The Laser Industry Vendor Program gives vendors and conference attendees the opportunity to discuss equipment and applications in a relaxed setting. By selecting from one of ICALEO’s many sponsorship opportunities, from take home materials to receptions, ICALEO can highlight your company both online and onsite! For more information, visit www.icaleo.org or call +1.407.380.1553.

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