ProAgri Zambia 30 by ProAgri

ProAgri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a

No 30

Free

John Deere empowers smallholder farmers

Musika is a farming thought leader

It starts with the right seed The African Seed Company

Leaders in Feeders Our products are available at all leading co-ops in SA

Suppliers of: • Neck Clamps • Kraals • Scales • Feeders • Land Rollers • Tank Stands • Tractor Bakkies • Loading Ramps

E-mail: info@nmreng.co.za +26 (0) 33-263-1056 +26 (0) 82-871-0123

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Letter from the Editor

ProAgri

Content

3 7 9 11 12 15 17 18 21 23 25 27 29 32 37 39

Z a m b i a

technology for the farmer

No 30

Free

John Deere mechanise smallholder farmers

Musika is a farming thought leader

Cover

had the opportunity to peruse the 2018 draft of the national standard for cashew nut production, issued by the Zambian Bureau of Standards. It is gladdening that we shall see a finalised national standard soon, as it will have a huge positive influence on the industry. Over the past few years, government and the African Development Bank invested a significant amount of resources to stimulate cashew nut production in the Western Province. This industry can only grow as a result of these inputs. The future for Zambian farmers lies in niche products such as cashew nuts. A while ago cashew nuts were more expensive than copper! The markets in Europe and other countries are still very receptive for African produce, but it is a market with high risks and high rewards. The maize and other grain industries in Zambia are relatively stable, but as long as government has a hand in it, it will suffocate farmers in the long run. Luckily, there is promising progress in the negotiations between the ZNFU and government for a floor price for maize. We hold our thumbs… The recent ICT4D conference, held in Lusaka, was a sobering experience. The world still understands the plight of Africa, and the most advanced technology companies and empowerment organisations from all over the world came together to decide the way forward and to commit their expertise and knowledge behind Africa. Meticulous data collection is an important way to ensure progress and that is what became clear during the plenary sessions and speeches. Empowering women was also an important theme and there is still a lot to be done in that regard. We still have some Agritech nostalgia

It starts with the right Seed The African Seed Company

Seed Co has a long and steady history in most countries in Sub Saharan Africa. They are constantly developing new seed cultivars for different regions and different planting windows. Read more about their must-have maize cultivars on page 3.

ProAgri technology for the farmer

and placed a few more Agritech articles for you to enjoy. Our edition is jampacked with other interesting articles, and this month we look at John Deere’s involvement in the ICT4D conference as well as how Musika is working behind the scenes to empower smallholder farmers. Mr Dave North, Farm Manager of the Chengelo School in Mkushi, recently took his Agriculture students on a countrywide tour to a variety of farms to learn about agriculture in practice. Farm smartly! Du Preez de Villiers dupreez@proagri.co.za

Seed Co: It starts with the right seed Advice from Tiger Feeds: The economic importance of ventilation Novatek reveals the hidden reason for white eggs on layer farms Protect your retirement fund with Bonnox John Deere empowers smallholder farmers ICT4D Conference: Utilising data is the way forward ETG offers the best for horticulturists Smallholder farmers benefit from Musika’s consolidation strategy Agritech is a paradise of technology K2 Seed launches game-changer cultivars Everything is within the farmer’s reach… with Zamforce Manitou CIAT-Harvest Plus reveals ten important facts about orange maize Spray to protect your crops: Part 6 Make more from your crops: Processing of oil seeds: Part 6 Chengelo School’s Agriculture students on countrywide farm tour Leave your property in the able hands of Seeff

ProAgri Zambia 30

Z a m b i a

Office no. 3 Fens Investment Building Lusaka Show Grounds +26 (0)96-216-9801 www.proagri.co.za Copyright © 2018. All rights r eserved. No m aterial, text or p hotographs may be r eproduced, copied or in any other way t ransmitted without the written consent of the publisher. O pinions expressed are not n ecessarily those of the publisher or of the e ditor. We recognise all trademarks and logos as the sole property of their r espective o wners. ProAgri shall not be liable for any errors or for any actions in reliance thereon.

ProAgri Zambia Editor Du Preez de Villiers > +27 82-598-7329 dupreez@proagri.co.za General Manager and Distribution Zambia Quintus Grobler > +26-(0)96-216-9801 (WA only) South Africa + 27-078-978-6339 quintus@proagri.co.za Reporters Annemarie Bremner > +27 82-320-3642 annemarie@proagri.co.za Benine Ackermann > +27 73-105-6938 benine@proagri.co.za Senior Production Manager: Zainab Pandor > +26 (0)97-769-9786 zainab@proagri.co.za Marketing Xander Pieterse > +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Tiny Smith > +27 79-531-0024 tiny@proagri.co.za Design Christiaan Joubert > christiaan@proagri.co.za Enquiries Lize du Plooy > +27 12-803-0667 lize@proagri.co.za Engela Botha > +27 12-803-0667 engela@proagri.co.za Accounts Ronel Keet > +27 12-803-0667 accounts@proagri.co.za Business Manager George Grobler

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IT STARTS WITH THE RIGHT SEED

s a research and development company involved in seed production, processing, distribution and marketing, Seed Co Zambia is a major role player in the Zambian agricultural sector. Seed Co’s products include certified maize, hybrid and other seeds such as wheat, soya beans, sorghum, sugar beans, groundnuts and vegetable seeds. Seed Co Zambia is a subsidiary of Seed Co International, which has been in existence since the 1940’s, operating in South Africa, Malawi, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. They are listed on the Zimbabwe stock exchange. Their main clients are small-scale and emerging farmers, commercial farmers, non-governmental organisations and the government. Seed Co has a footprint of over 700 agro dealers spread across the country and owns depots in nine provinces, which serve as hubs for seed distribution to the market. With a processing factory which has a capacity to produce 300 tonnes of seed per day, Seed Co

distributes seed through its depots located in Lusaka, Choma, Kitwe, Chipata, Mpika, Mkushi, and Kasama. With extension support second to none, Seed Co ensures that farmers and distribution partners enjoy the best possible advice and seed solutions to derive the best value from their products. Seed Co has been and is still a major contributor to the E-voucher programme run by the Ministry of Agriculture, under the farmer input support program (FISP). The E-voucher has now been rolled out to all provinces of the country covering 114 districts. Seed Co is strategically positioned to respond to the needs of over one million farmers earmarked to benefit from this year’s E-voucher programme. Their aim is to ensure that the farmers have access to the best certified seed which enhances farmer productivity and in turn improves the food security situation of communities and the country at large. Apart from serving the domestic market, Seed Co Zambia also exports seed to other countries in the region, including Angola, Tanzania, Malawi, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, the DRC, Kenya, Uganda, Swaziland and South Africa. Seed Co pride themselves on the farmers' meetings they organise regularly to transfer information on their leading edge agronomical technology. Their demonstration plots all over the country serve as learning centres for farmers. They are actively teaching farmers about productive methods of agriculture in order to raise producti-

vity – as they strongly believe a knowledgeable farmer is an empowered farmer. Among the maize varieties that Seed Co provides is SC719, a late white semi-dent hybrid variety, tolerant to green leafspot, maize streak virus and northern corn leafspot viruses. It takes between 140 and 148 days to mature and has a potential yield of up to 14 tonnes per hectare or 280 x 50 kg bags. It is recommended for Region II and III of Zambia (which receive an annual rainfall of between 800 and 1 500 mm). In the medium maturity range, they offer varieties like the new SC647, which is a white flint hybrid with very good cob rot and tassel smut tolerance. It has a good standing ability, takes 130 to 136 days to mature and has a potential yield of up to 10 tonnes per hectare or 200 x 50 kg bags. SC637 is another variety in the medium maturity range; a white semiflint, with low risk of lodging and very good tolerance to maize streak virus. It takes 130 to 136 days to mature and can yield up to 13 tonnes per hectare or 260 x 50 kg bags.

The future of Zambian agriculture is bright. Let us work together, seize the opportunities and make Zambia food sufficient. Follow us on Facebook; e-mail Sales@seedco.co.zm or visit our website at www.seedcogroup.com/zm

Advice from Tiger Feeds: Part 2: The economic importance of ventilation by Given Hamanungu, Tiger Technical Advisor

Well managed ventilation can get rid of moisture, harmful bacteria, solid particles and smells. Photo: startupbizglobal.com

rowing broilers is no longer a part-time income generation. Economically, it is a full-time business where the farmer needs to understand certain management practices and requirements. Changes in the modern broiler bird have increased the importance of housing conditions. In response to market requirements, geneticists have raised growth rate as well as the yield of the carcass components. The extra meat yield in broilers, most of which is concentrated in the breast, makes the bird more sensitive to high temperatures, ammonia, and any poor air quality in the pen. As a result, much of the difference in performance of broilers can be attributed to how well the in-house conditions are managed, especially temperature and air quality. Therefore a broiler farmer should not only look at profits, but should also understand the importance of economic management.

The main objective of broiler farming is the production of SALEABLE chicken meat. Therefore it is important to provide healthy conditions for broilers in the poultry house. Failure to meet all the fully required favourable conditions, such as good temperature management and good air quality, which promote excellent broiler growth, results in the following: • Poor live weights • Poor feed conversion rate • Low carcass quality and carcass yield Modern broiler genetic lines have been selected for growth rate, which is determined by the broiler’s desire to eat and drink. The most devastating conditions to broilers are high temperatures. In high temperature, broilers tend to eat less than desired or they will not eat at all. Therefore, managing inhouse conditions to realise the genetic potential of broilers is largely a function of optimising the ventilation in the pen. The farmer should make sure these optimum conditions are provided for the birds to perform up to standard.

Modern genetics produced a broiler which has to eat more often to ensure improved growth. Photo: crystago.com ProAgri Zambia 30

Ventilation improves air quality Air contaminants are solid particles, microorganisms, dust and gases such as ammonia, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These contaminants are always present in poultry house air space, but can be minimised with

well-managed ventilation. They are not conducive to the production of quality broilers fit for the market. When allowed to accumulate above acceptable threshold levels, air contaminants lead to poor air quality within the poultry house and will result into poor performance of the birds. The by-products of broiler production include heat, water, carbon dioxide and droppings, all of which are added to the environment inside the poultry house. When poultry droppings decompose in the presence of moisture and heat, ammonia is released into the air. The interaction of these various contaminants with litter conditions and temperature is the major cause of poor air quality. In the environment of poor air quality, the lungs and air sacs in the broiler become plugged with fluid. Affected broilers will gasp for air and often die suddenly. As a result, high mortality is often experienced close to marketing time. The broilers are fed at a high cost up to the near marketing, then the birds do not make it to the market. This is really sad. Recommendation Tiger Animal Feeds Technical recommends customers to follow good air quality management practices that include correct heating and sufficient ventilation to provide a balanced and conducive environment for broilers to reach their potential growth. Poor respiratory health is the consequence of not providing this balance. Humidity and temperature also have an impact on air quality by influencing the survival of some pathogens and the severity of some diseases. Ventilation is an important consideration for controlling heat and humidity. The right management strategy needs to be determined for each situation to avoid unnecessary losses. Heat stress due to poor ventilation resulting in loss of weight and poor feed conversion efficiency can be costly. Ventilation is an important factor in litter moisture control. Air exchange is used to remove moisture produced within the building. Excessive air exchange can remove too much moisture and produce dry, dusty conditions. Insufficient air exchange removes too little moisture and produces wet litter conditions which contribute to feet and leg problems, and increased ammonia production.

Tiger Animal Feeds add value to your broiler business. Contact Rowena Blanco at +260-96-7991847 or +260-96-7790-404 or e-mail rowena@tigerfeeds.com.zm. You may also visit their user friendly website at www.tigerfeeds.com. 7

How to identify Infectious Bronchitis (IB).

Novatek reveals the hidden reason for white eggs on layer farms

by Wiehan Visagie

young Zambian farmer had recently purchased 15 000 layer hens. New cages were also bought to house the layers in pursuit of the lowest cost in egg production. A neighbouring farmer suggested that he should feed the hens our Novatek layer feed and he then sat back and waited for the hens to produce quality eggs. After some time, he realised that some of the eggs had raised brown spots and, most importantly, the eggs varied in colour as some were white. Desperate to solve the problem, he tried a number of strategies. He fed the hens calcium supplements, increased the total feed quantity, tested the water quality and even mixed some stresspacks into the water. But alas, he only got deeper and deeper into trouble with all the changes. The farmer eventually did a feed trial and used feed from another supplier, but with no improvement. According to him he tried all resources available, but he was stuck and could not work out the problem. Eventually, he became incredibly discouraged. After the layer farmer contacted Novatek, it was decided to send out a veterinarian. The veterinarian then diagnosed the hens with Infectious Bronchitis (IB). According to him, IB is not easy to detect, but is commonly found in Zambia. IB is a disease that attacks the reproductive tract of the bird. IB causes ProAgri Zambia 30

the eggshell to become discoloured or pigmented with raised brown spots and variety in colour. Nevertheless, the most practical method to confirm the problem is to break open the eggs and to look at the albumin (egg white) of the egg. This part is produced by the magnum which forms part of the reproductive tract and the albumin should be nice and thick. If it is thin and watery, something is wrong.

has a watery part where the thick albumin should be. An oval shaped egg may also indicate that a watery albumin is present. Older eggs have the same problem, therefore only freshly laid eggs must be checked for the albumin thickness. The virus causes the watery effect and is only present in a certain part of the reproductive tract. The veterinarian decided to treat the hens with sodium salicylate during the acute phase, and some antibiotics to control secondary infection in the intestinal tract. The best prevention against IB is to use live vaccines of an appropriate serotype. Most of the vaccines and antibiotics are available at Livestock Services in Lusaka. Many farmers assume that the problem lies with the feed composition or feed intake, but the white eggshells are frequently caused by a virus that is not that easy to detect.

Colour variations may indicate the presence of a disease.

From the picture above, you can identify the IB when comparing the brown and white shelled eggs on the farm. Once the eggs have been broken, it is clear that the brown egg contains a thick albumin layer and the white egg

Please feel free to contact Wiehan Visagie at wiehanv@novatek.co.zm or MarnĂŠ Meyer at nutritionist@novatek.co.zm for all information on feeding and feeds. 9

Protect your retirement fund with Bonnox

by Du Preez de Villiers

Dutch Gibson knew he invested in the best when he purchased Bonnox fencing for his game park, which will be his retirement fund.

ou don’t play around with your retirement fund and thou shalt not play around with the fencing for your valuable game. When these are both part of the same scheme, you have to choose Bonnox. Dutch Gibson, a farmer in Chisamba, decided to develop 120 ha of land into an upmarket resident game farm which will provide his last nest egg. “I want to sell plots of two acres each. It is quiet and near enough to Lusaka to be commutable. It is crime free, peaceful and surrounded by other farms. We have a few resident kudu in here as well as bushbuck, reedbuck, duiker and jackal. Just before final completion, I also want to put zebra and antelope like impala, kob and puku in the park to offer maximum value to my clients. “I read about Bonnox in agricultural magazines where it is regarded as the pinnacle of fencing. When I decided to erect a fence around the farm, Bonnox was my one and only choice,” he says.

About four years ago he purchased enough rolls of Bonnox to fence off the whole park. He ordered the posts and Y-standards from Bonnox as well. The Y-standards were placed every ten metres and the posts every 98 metres apart. Bonnox forms an integral part of Dutch’s game fence and is placed at the bottom as a 1,2 m basis of his fence, with strains of barbed wire on top. The mesh effectively keeps out predators and small animals. Later on, he will decide if it is necessary to lift the fence even higher to contain bigger game. One of the big advantages of Bonnox is that it is designed to give way when animals run into it, but it maintains its shape and form. The animals do not get injured and the fence remains firm. Dutch and his workers figured out an erection procedure very easily. “I don’t know whether we followed the instructions provided by Bonnox to the

With properly secured straining posts every 98 meters, your Bonnox fence is easy to erect. ProAgri Zambia 30

Dutch Gibson’s first Bonnox fence stretching into the distance. letter, but it worked very well for us,” he says. “We just looked at it and lifted it up, secured it at one side and pulled it tight. We didn’t even have to use a contractor. Ryan Stassen, the local importer and Bonnox dealer in those days, organised everything for me while I was in India. I just had to make the payment,” Dutch says. Ryan Stassen focussed on importing agricultural equipment from South Africa, and Bonnox was one if his prime products. “A farmer wants to fence his farm once and get it over with. Bonnox’s fence will last for 20 years plus. Bonnox’s reputation speaks of quality and durability, and they have a huge range to suit every fencing purpose.” “I imported many rolls of Bonnox and as an importer and buyer it is very important for me to get the exact details from the seller on size, quantities and weight. My transport budget and costing on Bonnox were always spot on. The Bonnox personnel were very professional and experienced, and all their invoices, SADEC certificates and information were correct. They also called me afterwards for feedback and they did regular follow-ups. They were one of the better companies to deal with. Today, I am not an importer anymore, but when a farmer asks me for fencing advice, I know where to send him to.” Call 076-169-9068, 072-704-8764, 081 863 4543 or e-mail linda@ bonnox.co.za, gerda@bonnox.co.za or zane@bonnox.co.za. Also visit their website at www.bonnox.co.za. 11

John Deere empowers smallholder farmers insurance, quality inputs, and knowledge. John Deere provides the farming technology enabling farmers to grow acres under cultivation, and improve yields through conservation agriculture practices,“ she says.

A John Deere tractor will make any smallholder’s mechanisation dreams come true.

Development) conference in Lusaka to find solutions for poverty relief in Africa. Strong focus was placed on accurate and continuous data collection from health care to agriculture. John Deere is no stranger to this concept and as the platinum sponsor, they put their full weight behind this effort. With JDLink™ and John Deere Operations Centre, a farmer can collect data from a moisture probe at the remotest corner of his fields to the status of a possible faulty oil filter on his combine harvester, which allows for pro-active dealer support. The possibilities are endless and data-supported farm management becomes more accurate and easier by the day. Sherrie Woodring, Chief Executive Officer of the Great African Food Company, (GAFCo), was a John Deere sponsored keynote speaker at the Wednesday morning plenary session. Her speech was a conference highlight. She shared how GAFCo extends global food markets to smallholder farmers by partnering with John Deere to enable these farmers to gain access to the same technology and efficiencies as large commercial farmers. “GAFCo’s mission is to lift As a platinum sponsor, John Deere sent a team from children out of all over the world to represent them at the ICT4D poverty by imconference in Lusaka. Tavonga Siyavora, Technology proving income Specialist, is from South Africa; Georg Larscheid, of smallholder Integrated Solutions Implementation Manager of John farmers through Deere is from Mannheim Germany, and Geoff Andersen, access to techDirector Agriculture Regional Strategic Planning, is from nology, marthe United States. kets, finance,

eople may think of John Deere as a successful global company, only interested in providing big machines to big commercial farmers. But in Africa and other developing countries, this is not true. This world-renowned and reputable company is also very focused on poverty alleviation. John Deere believes that agriculture is the way forward to develop rural areas and to empower smallholder farmers through mechanisation and data technology. John Deere has also developed very progressive plans to open the doors of profitability and sustainability for farmers with limited land and resources. John Deere is a Platinum sponsor of the 2018 ICT4D Conference Aid organisations, NGOs and companies from all over the world recently attended the 2018 ICT4D (Information and Communications Technology for

Sherrie Woodring, CEO from Great African Food Company, uses many John Deere tractors in her smallholder empowerment programme based in Tanzania. African software teams compete for contractor app John Deere is constantly searching for solutions to make their equipment and technology available to all farmers, big and small. A few weeks before ICT4D, they launched a “Hackathon” – a competition where the IT community harness their expertise to come up with a solution to a problem or challenge. The challenge was to develop an affordable programme, whereby smallholder farmers can gain access to mechanisation. John Deere collaborated to conduct the Hackathon with Opportunity International (a non-profit micro-financing organisation based in the United States). They received 38 entries from 18 countries. Entries from 15 African countries were received and 35% of the proposals came from teams with a female. Three finalists were announced during a John Deere sponsored luncheon at the ICT4D conference. The third place went to Akello Banker from Uganda, who drew up a business plan where banks are closely incorporated in contractor services. The second place went to Agora Community Services from Zambia. They developed a programme where machine learning is employed to collect all the possible data on a farm to give them access to

ProAgri Zambia 30

The visitors from the ICT4D conference in Lusaka listening attentively to the presentation of the AFGRI Zambia team during their John Deere demonstration on York Farm.

John Magnay, Senior Agriculture Advisor Opportunity International, collaborated with John Deere to present the Hackathon competition. finance and contractor services. The winner was Patatinga from Kenya, who developed a scalable programme where they focus on combining communities of people to make mechanical agriculture possible. Hi-tech in small machines “We are not solving challenges with bigger machines, but with smarter machines. Therefore connectivity is the key in this process,” Georg Larscheid, Integrated Solutions Implementation Manager for John Deere, said during the sponsored luncheon. He discussed the technology John Deere has integrated into equipment: • Sensors on planting equipment which measure accurate seed placement and planting depth. • Communication technology with telematics, where the implement communicates with the tractor. • The collection of real-time data in a cloud to be shared by third parties. • Automatic guidance systems where GPS technology is used to ensure accurate tracking. • Farm Operations Centre where data from various points and sensors on the farm can be integrated for advanced decision making. During the conference, John Deere also touched on the other exciting programmes and partnerships that demonstrate their commitment to smallholder farmers and technology: Artificial intelligence fits into agriculture John Deere is constantly exploring new dimensions of technology to make farming more profitable and sustainable.

They recently acquired a silicon valley based company, Blue River Technology, to leverage the benefits of artificial intelligence technology for farmers. Now, John Deere will be able to teach their machines to learn like humans. Their first project is to teach their sprayers to identify the forms and shapes of the different weeds through repetitive exposure. This will make it possible for the sprayer to spot spray any of these unwanted plants in milliseconds. John Deere estimated that it will reduce herbicide costs for farmers by up to 90%. Agriculture 4.0 Agriculture 4.0 is the name of the new era farmers have to embrace. It is about data collection on the farm and sharing it with other parties in the cloud. This poses a concern, since farm data is confidential and data leaks can be harmful to the owner. Luckily, one of John Deere’s main focuses is the protection and safeguarding of a farmer’s data. “We shall always regard data as the sole property of the relevant farmer and we shall employ the best systems and technology to safeguard it. The farmer also has to approve any sharing of his data,” Georg says. A rock solid dealership As part of the conference, a John Deere 5065E and 5075E tractor were demonstrated on York farm south of Lusaka. Each tractor demonstrated an implement to show their mettle to the visitors. The demonstration was organised by AFGRI Equipment Zambia, the local John Deere dealer. They offer a range of small John Deere tractors from 42Hp to 90Hp and a full range of implements for small and emerging farmers. John Deere’s smallholder solutions (S.M.A.R.T.), encompass a comprehensive suite of products as well as financing and services that yield great value. “When you buy John Deere equipment through AFGRI Equipment Zambia, you automatically qualify for a lower interest rate if financed by JDF (John Deere Financial) through Stanbic

ProAgri Zambia 30

Katuna Sinyangwe, Sales and Marketing Manager: Equipment AFGRI Zambia; Marlize Steenkamp, Events and Travel Coordinator John Deere South Africa; Willie Dietrechsen, Country Manager: Equipment AFGRI Zambia, and Hein Snyman, Territory Manager John Deere Zambia, are working closely together to promote the John Deere brand. Bank, FNB or Zanaco,” Katuna Sinyangwe, Sales Manager of AFGRI Equipment Zambia, says. “Since emerging farmers do not have land title deeds to offer as security, the equipment is regarded as collateral if financed through John Deere Financial’s partners in Zambia. The payback period is also linked to the farmer’s harvest seasons and cash inflow.” All John Deere tractors come with a 2 000 hours or a two year warranty, whichever comes first.

For more information about this equipment and the rest of the extensive range of solutions offered by John Deere, please call +260-211-273757-62 or send an e-mail to afgri@afgri.com.zm 13

ICT4D Conference: Utilising data is the way forward by Du Preez de Villiers

mmense challenges are facing developing countries, but many resources are still pouring in from the developed world into the developing world to alleviate poverty and other social problems. A great effort addressing this challenge is the annual ICT4D conference. The recent 2018 ICT4D (Information and Communication Technology for Development and Education) conference was held in Lusaka. This was the tenth conference of its kind and this year it was attended by more than 600 people from 72 countries. Just like in the developed world, data and technology are the main drivers of progress and innovation. This was the main theme of the conference and speakers from the medical to the agricultural sector could demonstrate how the age of technology is helping them in their development work. The two platinum sponsors of the event were John Deere and the German software company, SAP.

Experts and leaders from all over the world attended the ICT4D conference and represented 72 countries.

The spectators were very impressed with the four rotor drone demonstration by Drone Services. This type of drone became indispensable in agriculture and made huge inbounds in agricultural applications in rural Africa. Those are successfully used in mapping and surveying, for example farm boundary delineations, crop area calculations, elaboration of digital elevation models, crop inventories and yield estimations, crop damage assessments for insurance purposes, crop management advice, infrastructure inspection and accurate up to date geo-referenced data settings.

A local dance group welcomed the delegates to the recent ICT4D held in Lusaka. They managed to capture the essence of the spirit of Africa.

During a John Deere sponsored field trip, the attendees could see for themselves how technology is used to collect data in action. Thomas Subi from Drone Services launched his fixed wing drone over a four hectare dry beans crop field to show how he maps it.

The Honourable Lawrence Sichalwe, Acting Minister of Transport & Communications of the Republic of Zambia, delivered the opening keynote address.

One of the many very informative plenary sessions was themed, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, from Hype to Reality. The speakers were Peris Bosire from Farm Drive, Amy Paul from the US Agency for International Development, Bobby Jefferson from DAI Global Health, and Scott Mills from World Vision. The moderator was Sara Jerving, East-African Correspondent from Devex.

ProAgri Zambia 30

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ETG offers the best for horticulture farmers V

egetable growers usually deal with large fields of crops such as cabbages, potatoes, tomatoes, onions and other vegetables. These crops are becoming increasingly important and as such, proper fertilisation and handling play an important role in ensuring availability of healthy and more abundant crop yields. During this busy season for farmers, ETG Inputs Zambia Ltd offers the required products for farmers to make a success of market gardening. ETG Veg mixes, foliar fertilisers and a number of agro chemicals such as Gliogrow are there to help in vegetable crop management to produce the best quality and value. Veg mixes are blended fertilisers that are crop specific, soil specific, organic matter enriched and lime enriched. They include Veg mix A which is meant for fruits and vegetables such as okra, tomato, eggplant, cucurbits and peppers. Veg mix B is used for leafy vegetables such as cabbage, rape, Chinese cabbage, spinach and lettuce. Veg mix C is used for tubers such as carrots, onions and potatoes. Veg Top 24 is used for most fruit and vegetable crops. Veg Top 32 is used for hybrid varieties such as Dominic and Star 9037, and lastly, Super Veg Feed is used for high yielding vegetable varieties. • Crop specific fertilisers are blended according to crop nutrient requirements. • Soil specific fertilisers are blended according to soil analysis results and have advantages such as improved crop yields and soil maintenance. • Organic matter enriched fertilisers contain organic materials which offer advantages such as increased soil fertility, better water holding capacity, improved soil texture and structure, and increased soil organisms. • Last but not least, lime enriched fertilisers contain a certain percentage of agriculture lime and offer the following advantages: improved soil pH, improved availability of nutrients, better plant health and is a less expensive way to apply lime. Furthermore, foliar fertilisers are diluted fertiliser solutions applied directly to plant leaves. As with fertiliser applied to the soil, the goal of foliar fertilisation is to supply plants with the nutrients needed for good growth. Foliar fertilisation is the most efficient way to increase yield and plant health. These include ProAgri Zambia 30

Veggie Oemff Starter, Veggie Oemff Grow, Veggie Oemff Fruit, Soya Oemff, Maize Oemff, Wheat Oemff and Sugar Cane Oemff. The group of Oemff s was formulated to enhance the utilisation of fertilisers by the plant. This group of foliar fertilisers also plays a role in correcting soil deficiencies and overcoming the soil’s inability to transfer nutrients to the plant under low moisture conditions. On the other hand, Gliogrow is an energy enzyme chemical which unleashes the green revolution by acting as an organic growth stimulant

throughout the entire plant life cycle. The primary effect of Gliogrow is a naturally enhanced resistance to pathogen infection which in turn improves crop yield, improves utilisation of fertilisers by plants and promotes freshness of fruits and vegetables for longer periods. By using this natural product, the requirement for other synthetic fungicides might be reduced significantly. For the purpose of reaching out to more people, ETG Inputs Zambia Ltd has opened more depots across the country. The following is our updated list of depots.

Southern/Western

Contact details

ETG Kafue

0967693379

etg.kafue@zamfert.com

ETG Mazabuka

0967690685

etg.mazabuka@zamfert.com

ETG Monze

0967694113

etg.monze@zamfert.com

ETG Choma

0967693035

etg.choma@zamfert.com

ETG Kalomo

0967692717

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Nkeyema

0961665609

info.zam@etgworld.com

ETG Mumbwa

0967692880

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ETG Chongwe

0967694086

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Nyimba

0968756712

info.zam@etgworld.com

ETG Petauke

0967693366

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ETG Katete

0967692996

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ETG Sinda

0968756788

info.zam@etgworld.com

ETG Chipata

0965284250

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ETG Chibombo

0967694248

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ETG Kabwe

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ETG Kapiri

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ETG Luyansha

0967693998

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ETG Mpongwe

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ETG Ndola

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Kitwe

0960355454

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Solwezi

0968935707

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Masaiti

0950441778

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Chingola

0968935716

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Chililabombwe

0968937511

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Kalulushi

0977248733

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Lufwanyama

0975751462

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ETG Mkushi

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ETG Serenje

0967693899

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ETG Mpika

0967692892

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ETG Kasama

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ETG Mbala

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ETG Chinsali

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ETG Isoka

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Luwingu

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Mansa

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Shiwang’du

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Chama

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Mfinga

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Milenge

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Kawambwa

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Kaputa

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Mwense

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Nchelenge

0975838511

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Soweto

0967693417

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ETG Chinika

0977588143

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MFEZ

0977588143

marketing.zam@zamfert.com

Eastern Province

Central / CB Province/ NW

Muchinga / Northern Province/ Luapula Province

Lusaka

Smallholder farmers benefit from Musika’s consolidation strategy

Musika enables the production of healthy and nutritional cassava.

usika is synonymous with smallholder farmer empowerment. Their work in agricultural market development has received recognition on both the local and international development stage. They implemented multiple successful interventions that have positively impacted on incomes and livelihoods of over 430 000 smallholder farmers across Zambia. Musika is a Zambian non-profit company that has been in operation since late 2011 and has gained a strong reputation in the Zambian market for innovation, results and service delivery. In working to fulfil its mandate to stimulate and support private investment in the Zambian agricultural and rural markets, smallholder farmers nationwide have benefitted from improved market access for inputs, agricultural products, technologies, services and finance. These resources are sourced across a wide range of commodity and livestock sectors through interventions implemented with 76 corporate partners. Over the past six years, Musika provided technical advisory services and early-stage, catalytic investment support to agribusinesses that are committed to engaging smallholder and emerging farmers. This is achieved through strong and mutually beneficial commercial relationships as their clients, suppliers and consumers. The organisation’s approach to reduce poverty and creating wealth in

rural Zambia involves stimulating business relationships between the corporate sector and the smallholder farming economy in which there is some form of ‘value addition’ to the transaction. This ‘value’ could be in the form of embedded extension, access to finance, technology transfer, forward pricing, assured off-take, supply contracts and other market services. This doesn’t only give the opportunity, but also the technical knowledge and confidence to smallholders to invest in, and improve their farming businesses.

To date, over US$32 million of private capital has been leveraged in investment in the smallholder market and millions of dollars of new business are generated between agribusiness and smallholders. This investment has resulted in more than US$45 million of increased income that has accrued to Zambia’s smallholder farmers as a result of improved agricultural market access. From inception, Musika’s operations have been mainly funded by the Swedish Embassy in Zambia, which recently signed a new funding agreement to support the organisation’s programme under its new strategy for the period 2018 to 2021. During the new phase, Musika seeks to consolidate and add greater value to a number of ‘core’ investments that have the capability to provide substantial benefit to the smallholder market. This will be achieved through the delivery of a range of market services, and make a number of new investments in higher risk, ‘fledgling’ markets that have the potential to deliver benefits to the rural poor, especially around climate change adaptation and mitigation. Musika’s business model in the new funding period will remain largely constant, relying on the core principles that the organisation has been working towards for the last five years. These principles include a strong commercial approach to development, focusing on the role of the private sector in driving inclusive growth. An approach based on mitigating the risk of commercial investment in the lower end of the market and the principle of ‘honest brokerage’ within the market will be followed. Musika intends to build upon its reputation as a ‘thought leader’, driving innovation in the agricultural markets. Under its new strategy, Musika, is focusing on four key investment areas that address specific needs within the

Productive dairy cattle will lead farmers out of dire circumstances.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Diversification into other niche crops like pineapples means a steadier output and will mitigate volatile markets and erratic climate.

agricultural and rural markets, based on changing dynamics within the agricultural sector. These investment areas include: 1.

Business and finance, which aim to improve functionality of the agricultural supply chain and access to appropriate financial services by actors in the supply chain. In this strategy, there are plans to boost the area of business and finance by helping to provide farmers with flexible finance payment systems and to support the growth of the small rural agribusiness sector through three areas: Agricultural Technology, which aims to improve access by the lower end of the agricultural market to new, productivity enhancing and efficiency increasing technologies. Musika is committed to continued promotion of innovative technologies from production and storage to processing, making these options more available and aff ordable, and seeking to increase overall yield through proper securement of harvests. Agricultural Diversification, which aims to improve the range of production options available to farmers to enhance income, reduce multiple risks, including those presented by climate change, and improve gender equity in agriculture. This strategy will help in encouraging agribusinesses to take advantage of the opportunities to go beyond traditional crops such as maize to expand to tree planting, aquaculture, and different types of livestock. Environmental Markets, which aim to improve access to new markets that present the opportunity for both inclusive economic growth and climate change mitigation.

ProAgri Zambia 30

The use of renewable energy to power smallholder agriculture and the production and aggregation of bioenergy crops and products will be encouraged and promoted. In all its operations, Musika makes it a priority to understand the role of women in agricultural markets and ensure women participate in and benefit from improved market conditions. It also continues to take into consideration the potential impact of its operations on the environment and aim to mitigate environmental risks on the natural environment and the health of the rural population. The organisation continues to play a role in promoting an enabling business environment for pro-poor rural economic growth by supporting the development of market structures that enable transparent and inclusive trade, and exploring market-based opportunities to address the issue of rural land tenure.

The impact of Musikaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work over the past six years has attracted additional funding from other international organisations to enable the implementation of interventions aimed at increasing access by smallholders to productivity enhancing technologies and improved markets, resulting in improved food security, nutrition and incomes at household level.

Musika looks after the environment through programmes that promote the growing of trees.

Irrigation unlocks the key to sustainable production through dry spells.

Mechanisation is a huge step forward in the growth of a smallholder farmer.

Musika is the answer to a smallholderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success. Contact Gift Chanda at +26 (0)211-250-355 or e-mail gift@musika.org.zm for more information. 19

Agritech is a paradise of technology by Du Preez de Villiers

armers just love to feel, experience and look at farming equipment, tools and accessories. The fifth Agritech Expo, recently held in Chisamba, offered farmers this opportunity. Large numbers of farmers flocked to the show to see the live demonstrations and items on display. Despite a few challenges, Spintelligent, the organisers, had to defy, the show was a resounding success. Some of the many exhibitors who caught our attention were:

The Czech Republic Ministry of Agriculture and Agriserve Agro have a steady partnership and joined efforts to host a pavilion close to the entrance. Some of the equipment and services they have to offer are Zetor tractors and implements from Farmet and ZDT. Breeding Impuls supplies serious cattle breeders with top genetics. On top of the tractor bucket are Michal Basovník from Breeding Impuls and Tereza Černá from the Czech Republic Ministry of Agriculture. In front of the tractor are Roland Cernohorsky from the Czech Ministry of Agriculture; Eliot Banda from AgriServe Agro; Xander Pieterse from ProAgri and Ing. Jindřich Fousek from ZDT.

Michris Janse van Rensburg from Backsavers demonstrates his innovative planting and fertilising equipment for smallholder farmers at the ETG stand. 20

T-L Irrigation build their pivots with high strength truss rods and implement a double tower-leg design. All the outside components are galvanised to prevent rust. A lot of thinking and careful design went into their pivots to the benefit of irrigation farmers.

A Zambian farmer can easily lay his hands on any pump from KSB’s extensive range. Their Lusaka branch can order any product manufactured in their 33 factories around the world and deliver it within a very reasonable time. Their borehole pumps promise to make a farmer's vertical suction needs a pleasure and their end suction pumps are very popular in irrigation systems. Hardingtone Siame and Fanus Terblanche from KSB Zambia displayed a few of their pumps at Agritech.

Greensulf 35 is a granulated fertiliser from Omnia that contains nitrogen, sulphur and calcium in plant available form. Kobus Smith, Director of Sales and Marketing from Omnia, firmly believes in his products – and he has the results to prove it.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Adam Nyaka, James Kennedy, Hassan Konde and Leonard Nedzeiwe from Eggtech and Powerback are experts in the manufacturing of chicken and solar products. The de-feathering machine on the left can take four chickens at a time and clean them in less than two minutes. In the middle is a solar and battery powered fridge and on the right is a self-turning incubator which takes 1 100 chicken eggs or 2 720 quail eggs. They also offer brooders and smaller hand turning incubators to smaller farmers.

Besides Yamahas, Best of Bikes also sells the Jailing motorbike brand. Their latest model boasts many new features. It has a gear indicator on the speedometer, a choke control in front, an electric starter, kick starter, and hydraulic breaks on the front wheels. The headlamp is covered in a shell to protect it and the engine is much stronger. Jordan Chilufya is the Workshop Manager of Best of Bikes and Xander Pieterse is from ProAgri.

Ctrack specialises in the research, design, development, manufacture, sales and support of technologically advanced GPS/GSM fleet management and vehicle tracking solutions. Ctrack Intelligent solutions strives to create a safer Zambia for all by providing holistic tracking solutions.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Vehicle Location Fleet Management Satellite Navigation Workflow Mobile Job Planning Security Tools

Truth Verification Services +260 96 767 5999 christine@ctrack.co.zm Leopards Hill Business Park Leopards Hill Road, New Kasama Lusaka, ZAMBIA Coordinates: -15.472395, 28.394009

Paint the farm

RED

this planting season

CONTACT US TODAY! Contact WISE SIBINDI on +26(0) 21-122-7497 / WSibindi@bhbw.co.zm or BARRY HUTCHINSON on +26(0) 96-802-2320 / BHutchinson@bhbw.co.zm

K2 Seed launches game changer cultivars by Du Preez de Villiers

The helpful K2 Seed Zambia team at Agritech consisted of Godfrey Chungu, Team Leader Northern Region; Mushimba Muyunda, General Worker; Hazel Cheemdo, General Worker; Jonathang Ngala, General Worker; Jack K Naulou, Sales Leader Central Region; Ben Kanga, Team Leader Eastern Region and Maxwell Perkins Nkole, Team Leader Eastern Region.

tolerant to many diseases. With Mwenezi you can pass the 350 000 plants per hectare mark. A farmer can push it up to 400 000, while looking at a yield of four to five tonnes per hectare. It does 12 to 15% better than any other cultivar. At K2 Seed, a cultivar has to do 12% better than other varieties on the market before we release it.” K2 Seed is committed to release a new soy bean variety every two years. They will withdraw an old one and present a brand new one with new and exciting traits. This will prevent the practise of brownbagging, which is very harmful to sustainable seed development. On the maize side, K2 Seed is currently experimenting with two yellow maize varieties which promise to equip farmers even better for food production challenges. K2 Seed’s vegetable seed is also very popular and they will soon launch an old tomato variety with new technology. “The Tengeru is an open pollinated variety and we cleaned it up, polished it and added some disease re-

“K

2 Seed is renowned for the wide range of seed we have to offer. Recently we added even more seed to our portfolio.” These are the words of JB du Plooy, Marketing and Sales Development Manager of K2 Seed Zambia. They recently acquired a Dutch pasture seed company, DLF, through their sister company, Zaad. This acquisition will complete their winter pasture range. Now they can be regarded as the one-stop shop for row crop, vegetable and pasture seed.

Ben Kanga, Team Leader for the Eastern Region, shows the two experimental yellow maize cultivars to farmers. They will be launched next year.

Alfred Nosenga, Research Facilitator at K2 Seed, explains the technology of the new Mwenezi soy bean cultivar to the farmers.

At the recent Agritech Show, K2 Seed came up with exciting news and new products. They sold more seed than during the past three years. The launch of new seed varieties always draws lots of interest from bona fide farmers, and many farmers gathered in the K2 Seed stand to look at and feel the new Mwenezi and Lundi soy bean cultivars. Alfred Nosenga, a research facilitator from K2 Seed, says: “The good part of the Mwenezi is that it is a determinate variety. It grows to a certain stage before the growth in the main stem and the photosynthesis process, basically the manufacturing factory, closes down. The only growth then goes to the filling of the pods. This is the main characteristic of the cultivar. It is also

ProAgri Zambia 30

sistance to its genes. This will also be available later this year,” JB says. On the seed preparation side, K2 Seed is also bustling. “We are going to open another cleaning line with gravity tables. We found a coffee project which closed down, and we realised that the equipment they used is the same as ours. We are also in the process of acquiring a grading/sorting packing machine which will be up and running next year,” JB says. If you wish to grow, do it with the help of K2 Seed Zambia. Contact Kevin Kleemann Wright at +26 (0)97-776-2111 or +26 (0)21-184-0965 or e-mail kevin@seedmarketing.co.za 23

Everything is within the farmer’s reach…with

by Lize du Plooy

Kirk Trytsman, Maxon Chiwewu and Xander Pieterse of ProAgri Zambia at the Zamforce stand at Agritech with the impressive MT-X1030.

The tilting angle of its boom is improved for better handling of the various attachments and, depending on which model you decide on, the boom can vibrate to shake out any material clinging to the bucket. Kirk explains further: “These telehandlers also have stronger hydraulic pumps to make their movements more fluid, meaning you don’t have to first lift the boom and then extend it; you are able to come up and forward at the same time and get a quicker motion.” All MLT-X telehandlers supplied by Zamforce are equipped with air conditioning, road lights, rough terrain tyres and sport permanent four-wheel drive, crab steer option and all-wheel movement – front and rear wheel steering. “A Manitou telehandler can be custom made in South Africa to suit a Zambian farmer’s specific needs,” Kirk says, and this includes the various attachments the farmer can choose from, for example pallet lifts/forks, hay/bale forks, buckets, hay/bale grabbers, tire changers, cement mixers, various buckets, silage spinners (buckets with spikes inside that mix anything), and even street sweepers for when you need to clear your area. All attachments are interchangeThe MT-X1030 has a boom length of ten metres to reach up to able and whatever height a farmer wishes to reach. compatlmost anything is possible for a farmer who owns a Manitou telehandler from Zamforce. Material handling has never been so easy, effortless or quick. In Zambia, Manitou is supplied and backed up by Zamforce, a family owned and operated business with dedicated, fully trained staff members who understand the needs of farmers. Zamforce has been in business since 2016 and in this time has proved to be a stable and dependable company. Zamforce’s range of Manitou telehandlers cover all areas from agriculture and mining to construction and warehousing. At the recent Agritech show, the main attractions at the Zamforce stand were the MLT-X and the MT-X telehandlers. “These two telehandlers are basically similar, but the MLT is more specifically designed for the agricultural sector,” Kirk Trytsman, Sales Representative, says. The MLT-X telehandler comes standard with a tow hitch at the back, like a tractor, for towing trailers, etc.

ProAgri Zambia 30

ible across all models of telehandlers. Changing an attachment is quick, easy and can be done by one person: simply remove the attachment pin and disconnect the hydraulic hoses, drive the telehandler in to the attachment of choice, re-insert the attachment pin and connect the hydraulic hoses. All in a matter of minutes. Zamforce also caters for the nut farmer with implements such as tree shakers for harvesting, as well as various attachments for deforestation. In addition to the agricultural range of MLT-X telehandlers, Zamforce also offers a wide range of telehandler models suited for the construction, mining and industrial sectors as well as diesel, electric and LPG forklifts, rough terrain forklifts, skid, track and articulated loaders, access platforms, scissor lifts and warehousing equipment and the newly launched TLB range of backhoe loaders. Everything Zamforce supplies is manufactured by Manitou and is delivered directly from their warehouse. Zamforce offers Manitou products at fair prices and works in close co-operation with Manitou South Africa. This ensures that parts and technical support will always be readily available. With a small start in Chililabombwe near the Congolian border, Zamforce is steadily growing, covering the Copper Belt area which includes all mines and mining areas, and has a vision of expanding south into the whole of Zambia. The next step will be establishing a store and warehouse in Mkushi along with a dedicated Zamforce service team to supply prompt post-purchase and overall client support whenever necessary. Soon to follow will be a branch in Lusaka, followed by one in every major city in Zambia. “We will get there, covering the whole country with service teams supplying spares and services nationwide,” says Kirk. Zamforce is able to supply any general spares and fast moving items, including filters, belts, wheel hubs and cylinders, while more specific items like fuse panels and computer boxes will have to be ordered directly from Manitou South Africa.

The Manitou MLT-X with a bucket attachment is essential for progressive farmers. For more information on the MLT-X, the MT-X, or other Manitou products supplied by Zamforce, contact Kirk Trytsman at +26 (0)96-8306446 or +26 (0)96-630-1016 or e-mail him at kirk.zamforce@gmail.com. 25

ProAgri Zambia 30

Orange maize even more magnificent:

CIAT-HarvestPlus reveals some

important facts about orange maize

(1) Orange maize can give you three cobs on one plant. (2) Nutrition in your hands.

range maize differs from yellow maize. Unlike yellow and white maize, orange maize contains compounds that turn into vitamin A in our bodies once the maize is consumed. Besides energy-giving calories, orange maize also provides additional nutrients that one can get from crops such as carrots, pawpaws, mangos and green vegetables. Orange maize contains four types of carotenoids, two of which are precursors to vitamin A.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Orange maize was developed specifically to address the public health problem of vitamin A deficiency in the population. Many people in Zambia suffer from vitamin A deficiency without knowing it, hence referred to as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;hidden hungerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, which presents itself through poor eyesight, weak immune system resulting in constant illnesses and slow recovery from illness, poor skin quality and contributes to poor performance of children at school and adults at work. Mothers may have difficulties in child-bearing. Consistent consumption of orange maize has been proven to increase the amount of vitamin A in the blood, the amount of vitamin A in breastmilk, and a marked improvement in eye response to light. The studies that Your orange maize seed can be obtained show these findings where done countrywide. Look out for the distinctive in Zambia among children under green bags. 5 years and lactating mothers. Many people testify that orange maize tastes better than white and yellow maize. It is particularly breeding methods of crossing maize sweeter when fresh and a suitable germplasm naturally rich in vitamin A product for fresh maize markets. compounds with other germplasm to Orange maize was introduced in get the desired traits, such as drought Zambia from 2012, with the support of tolerance, pest and disease resistance. the Zambian government. The Zambia This means orange maize is not a GMO. Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Five different varieties of orange an arm of the Ministry of Agriculture, maize are available on the Zambian took the lead in developing suitable market. These include GV662A sold by varieties for Zambia. Kamano Seed, GV664A and GV671A Vitamin A orange maize is convensold by Zamseed, GV665A sold by tionally bred, using traditional plant Seed Co and GV672A sold by AfriSeed. Methods for growing orange maize are exactly the same as those for growing white maize. Production costs are the same as for white maize. Vitamin A orange maize matures early within three to four months and withstands harsh conditions. Under good management, orange maize provides up to three cobs on each plant. Orange maize is rapidly gaining popularity in many other countries such as Zimbabwe, Malawi and Nigeria. Now that you know, make that choice. Eat orange maize. Vitamin A makes the difference! Orange maize is a healthy choice for a healthy generation (above). E-mail Eliab Simpungwe at E.Simpungwe@CGIAR.ORG to find Orange maize meal out more about this magnificent now comes in all maize variety. packages (left). 27

Southouse Zambia Limited Agricultural Machinery Sales and Services Tel: 0974 773 514 / 0973 664 346 management@southousezambia.com

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Spray to protect your crops Part 6: Using the knapsack sprayer

Compiled by J Fuls (Pr Eng)

Photo: extension.unh.edu

ain is a blessing, but it may also stimulate an overcrowding of weeds between your precious crops. The knapsack sprayer will be your right hand tool when these times arise. It is therefore very important to know how to use it properly. This month we shall look at how to use the knapsack sprayer for optimal spraying results. We thank the ARC Institute for Agricultural Engineering in South Africa, who made this article available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia. Know your sprayer As with any tool, it is important to know the knapsack sprayer. Study the manual that came with the sprayer and be sure you understand how to use it and what the purpose of each part is. Maybe someone can help you by making sure it sits comfortable on your back. One cannot do a good job if the sprayer does not sit comfortable.

Fill it with water and adjust the shoulder straps until it fits well. Also feel the handling of the pumping lever while you spray. Practice before you spray in the field. First practice how hard you must pump, this is, what pressure does one need. If you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pump correctly, you will not get the right shape of spray or droplet size from the nozzle.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Fill the sprayer with water and practice on a piece of clear and dry soil. Note how un-even this spraying is. Practice how to hold the spray lance while walking at a comfortable pace. 29

P L A N T CATALYST A nutrient absorption enhancer.

Â®

Get a good feeling for the correct pressure (pumping speed) and keep to this speed for all the work with the sprayer. It is not as easy as it might seem to spray evenly. The chemicals that you are about to spray are expensive, so one does not want to waste it by spraying too much on some spots. Too much chemicals can also kill your crops.

Even a small piece of dirt, like a piece of grass, can cause problems. So, even when you are using clean water, keep the filling strainer in place when filling the tank.

Also try tying a string from the end of the spray lance to the shoulder strap. This may help you to keep the nozzle steady and at a constant height above the ground. Always use clean water The pump inside the spray tank does not like dirty water. Dirt may prevent the valves from working well. A little sand in the water will cause wear and tear on the pump cylinder and piston. The hole in the nozzle tip is also very small and can easily get clogged. So always use clean water in your sprayer.

Next month we shall look at the various nozzles to use for different applications. If you don't have clean tap-water, cover a bucket with a good cloth and pour the dirty water from the river through the cloth to clean it. Then use the clean filtered water in your knapsack sprayer.

ProAgri Zambia 30

Published with acknowledgement to the ARC Institute for Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www.arc.agric.za for more information. 31

Make more from your crops

By Theresa Siebert, Petrus Britz, Pr Eng and Agrelek

Processing of oil seeds - Part 6

It is unthinkable to enjoy sushi without soya sauce. Photo: Pinsdaddy.com

ne of the most popular and familiar products from soya beans is soya sauce. It is the dark brown liquid extracted from fermented soya-wheat mixture. It has a salty taste and sharp flavour and is used as an all-purpose seasoning. We thank the ARC Institute for Agricultural Engineering in South Africa who made the information available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia.

passed on from one generation to the next. All the different cultures of the East seem to have their signature soya sauce products. We shall describe a basic process for the manufacturing of Chinese and Japanese soya sauce.

Different brands of soya sauce. Photo: seriouseats.com

Process description – Chinese soya sauce preparation

Soya sauce. Photo: motherearthnews.com Product description - Soya sauce Soya sauce is prepared from soya beans mixed with other cereals such as wheat that undergoes two separate fermentation processes. All the enzymatic and biological reactions taking place during these two fermentation processes, together with concurrent chemical reactions, lead to the formation of many volatile and non-volatile substances. These substances are responsible for the characteristic colour, flavour and taste of soya sauce. A wide variety of products were developed as traditional soya sauce recipes and were 32

The initial steps in the preparation of Chinese soya sauce are essentially the same as for making Chinese soya paste (Jiang). The final stage of preparation involves the extraction of the sauce from the fermented mass. Treatment of soya and cereals prior to inoculation Whole soya beans or defatted soya flour can be used. After cleaning, the soya beans or flour is soaked for three to five hours in water and drained before being steamed for 40 minutes. Cooking is a very important step that enhances starch and protein digestibil-

ity for the Koji starter culture and thus ensures the desired final texture of the paste. The cooked soya beans are then cooled to 80°C before being mixed with wheat. Wheat bran or flour is steamed or roasted before being mixed with the hot soya beans. The ratio of soya to wheat is generally 60:40. The mixture is allowed to cool down to between 38 and 40°C before being inoculated with the starter culture. First fermentation The treated soya and wheat mixture is inoculated with a special strain of Aspergillus that causes fermentation of the product and the formation of “Koji”. The concentration of starter used is between 0,1 and 0,2%. The direct translation of “Koji” is “bloom of moulds”. The Koji provides the spores of microorganisms needed to make soya sauce. Fermentation takes place in open pans under controlled temperature (36°C), airflow and relative humidity (more than 90%). The mixture is occasionally stirred to release internal heat generated by fermentation and to ensure sufficient aeration of the mixture. The first fermentation stage is usually complete after 24 hours when the mixture turns olive green. The resulting product is known as mature Koji and is regarded as an intermediate product of soya paste and sauce manufacturing. Koji moulds contain a great variety of enzymes that digest the starch, protein and lipid components of the raw material. During the first fermentation process, the major components of the raw materials are broken down to smaller components including peptides, amino

ProAgri Zambia 30

Process description of the preparation of Chinese soya sauce

Soya beans

another tank, mixed with additional brine and heated to over 80°C. Extraction of soy sauce The heated mass is allowed to stand and settle before the supernatant is removed. This liquid is known as raw soya sauce. Preservation of soya sauce The raw soya sauce is mixed with benzoic acid to preserve the sauce. Clarification of soya sauce The sauce is clarified by passing it through filters.

Process description – Japanese soya sauce preparation The basic steps for the preparation of Japanese soya sauce are very similar to Chinese soya sauce, but the end products can differ significantly. The process can be summarised as follows: • Treatment of raw materials • Koji preparation • Brine fermentation • Pressing and • Refining Treatment of raw materials The soya beans and wheat are prepared separately but simultaneously. Whole soya beans are soaked in water for 8 to 12 hours (overnight) at 30°C to increase the moisture content of the beans. The soak water should be changed every two to three hours to prevent the possible growth of undesirable Bacillus. The soaked soya beans are then cooked in open pans or steam pressure pots until soft.

Soya sauce acids, maltose, glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol. These smaller components are fermentable substrates that support the growth of yeast and lactic bacteria that are active in the second (brine) fermentation. Second fermentation The matured Koji is now mixed with a small quantity of warm brine and packed in fermentation vats or tanks. The anaerobic conditions favour yeast and lactic bacteria that originate from Koji starter culture. These organisms are responsible for the breakdown of the fermentable substrates (mainly sugars) to acid, alcohol, and other

volatile and non-volatile substances that contribute to the quality of the final product. Temperature is a very important factor during fermentation, and determines not only the duration of the fermentation process but also the quality to the end product. The mixture contains about half the volume of brine and 25% less salt compared to the mixture used for soya paste. These changes, along with high fermentation temperatures (40 to 45°C), reduce the fermentation period to three weeks. Heat stabilisation of fermented mash The fermented mash is transferred to

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If defatted soya flakes are used, they should be cleaned and moistened with misters. The amount of water used should be 30% of the weight of the soya flakes. The moistened flakes are then pressure-cooked for 45 minutes. The cooked soya beans or flakes are rapidly cooled to below 40°C. This is accomplished by constant stirring or spreading out on perforated belt/tray coolers. The treatment of the wheat runs concurrent with that of the soya beans. Whole kernel wheat is roasted and cracked in rollers. Wheat flour and bran can also be used. The cracked wheat or flour is moistened and steamed. Koji making The pre-treated soya beans and wheat flour is mixed in the desired proportion, according to the recipe used and the type of end product desired. The ratio can vary from 1:1 (soya beans: wheat) to as high as 9:1. The mixture is inoculated with Koji from a previous batch (seed Koji) or with pure cultures 33

containing Aspergillus oryzea and/or A. sojae. Pure cultures are added at a concentration level of 0,1 to 0,2%. The inoculated mixture is placed in shallow, perforated vats and kept in incubating rooms with controlled conditions. Temperatures are maintained at 30 to 35°C initially and reduced to 20 to 25°C towards the end of the incubation period. Occasional stirring is necessary to aerate the mixture and release the heat generated inside the mix. The mixture turns green-yellow after three to four days and is now known as mature Koji. Brine fermentation Mature Koji is mixed with an equal volume of brine to form a liquid mash. The salt concentration of the mash should be 17 to 19%. The mash is kept in large fermentation tanks for several months for completion of the brine fermentation. The temperature of the mash inside the tanks can be mechanically controlled. Although higher temperatures shorten the fermentation period, a better quality product is produced under lower temperatures.

A good quality soya sauce can be manufactured in six months by controlling the temperature at 15°C for the first month, followed by 28°C for four months and finally returned to 15°C for the last month. Occasional stirring is necessary to provide enough aeration to promote good yeast activity, to prevent the growth of undesirable anaerobic microorganisms, and to facilitate the removal of carbon dioxide. The fermented mash should have a reddishbrown colour and pleasant aroma. Pressing of the fermented mash The mature mash is filtered through a cloth and pressed in a mechanical or hydraulic press. The filtrate that is obtained is known as the raw soya sauce and is stored in a tank to allow for precipitation of suspended matter and floating of oil on the top. Adjustment of salt concentration The salt and nitrogen concentration of the soya sauce can be adjusted at this point to meet standards of identity.

Photo: Futuredish.com

Pasteurisation of soya sauce The sauce is pasteurised at 70 to 80°C. This heat treatment prior to clarification is very important and serves the following purposes: • Inactivation of enzymes and microorganisms, thus stabilising the product • Enhancement of the unique product aroma • Darkening of colour • Induction of flock formation, which facilitates clarification Clarification of soya sauce Soya sauce is clarified by sedimentation or filtration. Filter aids such as kaolin, diatomite or alum may be added to enhance clarification before filtration. Addition of chemical preservatives (optional) Some processors choose to add preservatives such as sodium benzoate and paraoxybenzoate. Packaging and labelling of soya sauce The soya sauce is placed in bottles or cans and labelled with the necessary information.

Photo: Iamfoodblog.com

LITERATURE SOURCES 1. Applewhite, TH. 1989. Vegetable Protein Utilization in Human Food and Animal Food Stuﬀ s. 2. Lui, KeShun. 1999. Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publishers, Inc. 3. Snyder, HE & Kwan, TW. 1987. Soybean Utilization. 4. Tanteeratarm, K. 1992. Soybean Processing for Food Uses. Next month we shall look at soya ice cream which is a great substitute for people who suffer from lactose intolerance.

Photo: Thehungryexcavator.com Soya sauce is a vital ingredient in a wide variety of dishes. ProAgri Zambia 30

Published with acknowledgement to the ARC Institute for Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www.arc. agric.za for more information. 35

Chengelo School Agriculture students on countrywide farm tour by David North

Miss Pearce, Chipo, Kangwa, Anthony, Mr Dave North, Mr Adonijah (workshop foreman), Daniel, Katebe, Memory, Chiku, and Zyindu are dwarfed by a boom sprayer on Zambeefâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mpongwe farm.

contrast to a large corporate operation. Mr Archibald grows row crops as well as keeping a range of livestock. He achieves outstanding yields, maximises efficiency and makes full use of the resources he has available to him. In the morning, the group drove to Kalundu Dairy, Chisamba, where they met the manager, Mr Willa Vorster. Here is a man with a passion for breeding dairy cows, and his enthusiasm was infectious as he showed students around their state-of-the-art facilities. The farm is very clean and tidy and the cows are in excellent condition. Here the students learnt the importance of good nutrition to achieve high milk production and good health. The bus then made its way to Chartonel Estates, which is a family-run farm on a hugely impressive scale. It is a mixed farm growing potatoes, maize, wheat and soya, and has a large dairy with a rotary parlour. Moving on to Lusaka, the group visited Nutri Feeds and the students discovered a lot about the science behind animal nutrition and how feed is manufactured. Making its way south, the group stopped at Kafue Fisheries and had a look at their integrated fish and pig enterprises. This system is very clever in that it utilises waste manure from the pigs to feed the plankton and fertilise the fish ponds, providing a supplement to the Willa Vorster, Manager of Kalundu Dairy in Chisamba fishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s diet and so explains to the students why a dairy farm needs very improving yields. precise and thorough management to be profitable. In Mazabuka hengelo School recently launched a new and exciting BTEC Extended Diploma in Agriculture, certified in the UK and the first of its kind in Zambia. The course provides a route into higher education at universities around the world or directly into employment in the agricultural sector. Equivalent to three A-Levels, this Extended Diploma is aimed at bright young students (aged 16 to 18) who want to pursue a career in agriculture. As part of this programme, a group of nine intrepid BTEC Agriculture students set out on an epic study tour across Zambia, travelling over 1 300 km in six days and visiting eight agribusinesses in five different parts of Zambia. The tour began in Mpongwe where the students saw the impressive scale of the operation at Zambeefâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mpongwe farm. They were privileged to meet Mr Mike Lovett, who gave students a wonderful insight into the financial and operational side of large-scale agriculture. The next visit was to Middle Rigg Farm, operated by Mr and Mrs Archibald. This farm provided an interesting

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students visited two farms, the first being Mubuyu Farm, home of Munali Coffee. Coffee is by no means all that they produce; they have a flour mill under the Nyati Milling brand and a large area of row crops under irrigation. This highly innovative farm uses the latest precision farming techniques and their equipment is cutting edge. The boys could hardly contain their excitement at the sight of a huge 380 kW tracked Caterpillar Challenger tractor at work in the field, and our students had the unique opportunity to learn about how this machinery benefits a modern farm. The final visit of the tour was to Tanderra Brahman Stud. Here, the group had the privilege of being shown around by Mr Neville Pinkney, who spoke about the process of breeding and selecting top quality bulls and cows.

The students listened attentively to Neville Pinkney, their guide at Tanderra Brahman Stud. The tour was a resounding success and the students thoroughly enjoyed themselves while gaining an incredible amount of real-world knowledge about agriculture in Zambia. To complement the theory they study in the classroom, the BTEC Extended Diploma in Agriculture ensures that students gain a varied mix of practical experience and hands-on training, both on campus at the school's training farm and through tours such as this one. As a result, students graduate with an excellent all-round knowledge of agriculture enabling them to contribute positively to the sector in Zambia and throughout the continent. On behalf of the BTEC Agriculture students, Chengelo School thanked the many individuals and companies who kindly hosted the tour. For more information on the BTEC Extended Diploma in Agriculture at Chengelo School, please visit www.chengeloschool.org or e-mail Mr North on northd@chengelo.sch.zm 37

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by Du Preez de Villiers

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