ProAgri Zambia 66 by ProAgri

ProAg Pro Agri ri technology for the farmer

Z a m b i a No 66

Feed your flock with Staalmeester hammer mills

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Cover

Letter from the Editor

Agrico shows how effective pivots can work on small-scale livestock farms. You do not need a large grain farm to afford a pivot.

ProAgri technology for the farmer

very farmer wants his farming business to expand. Whether you are a small-scale farmer that only has time to farm over weekends, or a commercial farmer who produces and sells his goods on the market does not matter. The goal is always growth, progress, and expansion. But not all growth is positive. Sometimes farmers can attempt to do too much, too quickly, and this may lead to constraints on the cash flow of their business. The importance of a business strategy for your farm cannot be overestimated. Do your market research and make sure that you have a clear picture of the market that you are trying to enter. Do not over-commit yourself by trying to produce beyond your capacity. This will only lead to increased issues when you over-promise and under-deliver. Speak to experts that can help you set up a strategic growth plan for your business. Make sure that you are aware of all the variables, expenses, and hidden pitfalls that you will need to consider. A calculated risk can work out to your benefit, but taking blind risks in

Content

the hope of growth and expansion have seen many farmers go under. ProAgri has always been dedicated to bringing our readers training article series in various sectors of the agricultural industry. If you require any specific information that is perhaps not in our current article series, feel free to contact us to find out more. If ProAgri’s team of experts are not able to assist you, we will be able to put you into contact with the relevant experts in the industry. Agriculture is a dynamic business with frequent developments in technology. Farmers should therefore realise that they cannot operate in isolation. Asking the right questions and gaining the correct knowledge by contacting relevant experts is key to your farm’s success. Contact us on Facebook or by visiting our websites www.proagri.co.za or www.agri4all.com. You may also e-mail me on jaco@proagri.co.za. Farm smartly! Jaco Cilliers jaco@proagri.co.za

Agrico plays a pivotal role in small-scale farming

Fish farming provides a future

Reinke's warehouse in Durban has stock for Africa in Africa

11.

Staalmeester hammer mills: Tailor made for Africa’s rugged conditions

15.

Meet the nutrient requirements of new-born calves:

Supply proteins for performance 17.

Quack open new poultry horizons: Duck farming can be a lucrative business

19.

Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings Part 8: Honey’s sweet rewards

22.

Rotary tillers are simple but effective: Part 4: Adjustment of the rotary tiller

25.

How to butcher cattle

29.

Irrigation made easy Part 14: Types of sprinkler irrigation systems

32.

Composting and composting systems Part 4: The use of compost heaps

ProAgri Zambia 66

Z a m b i a

Nangwenya House No. 7352 Nangwenya Road Rhodespark +26 (0)97-769-9786 www.proagri.co.za Copyright © 2019. All rights r eserved. No m aterial, text or p hotographs may be r eproduced, copied or in any other way t ransmitted without the written consent of the publisher. O pinions expressed are not n ecessarily those of the publisher or of the e ditor. We recognise all trademarks and logos as the sole property of their r espective o wners. ProAgri shall not be liable for any errors or for any actions in reliance thereon.

ProAgri Zambia Editor Jaco Cilliers > +27 71-893-6477 jaco@proagri.co.za Reporters Benine Ackermann > +27 73-105-6938 benine@proagri.co.za Bianca Henning > +27 82-326-2572 bianca@proagri.co.za Specialist Writer Annemarie Bremner > +27 82-320-3642 annemarie@proagri.co.za Senior Production Manager: Zainab Pandor > +26 (0)97-769-9786 zainab@proagri.co.za Client Relations Manager: Carin Swartz > +27 84-233-0123 carin@proagri.co.za Marketing Manager Diane Grobler > +27 82-555-6866 diane@proagri.co.za Marketing Xander Pieterse > +27 79-524-0934 xander@proagri.co.za Johan Swartz > +27 71-599-9417 johan@proagri.co.za Tiny Smith > +27 82-698-3353 tiny@proagri.co.za Anelda Strauss > +27 76-687-4419 anelda@proagri.co.za Creative Director Christiaan Joubert > +27 72-419-3990 christiaan@proagri.co.za Design Michelle Kruger & Lizelle Erasmus Enquiries Engela Botha > +27 12-803-0782 engela@proagri.co.za Accounts Ronel Schluter > +27 12-803-0782 accounts@proagri.co.za Business Manager George Grobler

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Agrico plays a pivotal role in small-scale farming by Jaco Cilliers

common misconception is that pivot irrigation is too expensive for smallscale livestock farmers. Some farmers believe that they need to plant grain extensively in order to justify the capital investment and running costs of a centre pivot irrigation system. This is clearly not the case, and Agrico proves it. Johan Rossouw, a sheep and goat farmer from Heidelberg in South Africa, provides the perfect example of how small-scale livestock farming can not only afford irrigation, but also greatly benefit from it. In 2017 Johan erected an 8-hectare Agrico pivot on his farm. The pivot consists of two towers and an 18-metre overhang. It is used to irrigate a mixture of rye and ryegrass throughout the year. Johan divides the 8 hectares into various camps that his 100 goats and 100 sheep can graze in. “With the feed mixture under irrigation, I have to take the fences down and send my cattle in from time to

time to ensure that the pasture remains short enough for the sheep and goats to graze effectively,” Johan explains. The difference that the pivot has made to his business is remarkable. “The average weight of the sheep and goats being sent to the abattoir has increased from 16 kg on dry land to 37 kg with the irrigated pasture,” says Johan. This guarantees a return on investment and will see the pivot return every cent of the initial cost within the first few seasons. “The fact that you have access to good quality feed throughout the year means that you do not have to buy expensive bales – especially during the winter months when natural vegetation is scarce and the price of bales increase dramatically,” Johan adds. An Agrico agent introduced Johan to the idea of erecting a centre pivot on his farm years ago. He was hesitant at first due to the fact that it was substantial capital investment. But three years later

Johan says that installing an Agrico pivot on his farm is the best investment that he could have made to boost the profit from his livestock. ProAgri Zambia 66

The two-tower Agrico pivot that Johan Rossouw uses to keep his flocks well fed all year round.

he says: “It is the best decision that I could have made for my farm.” Because a centre pivot irrigation system is a significant investment on your farm, you also have to make sure that the quality of the product is of a high standard to avoid expensive maintenance and high running cost. Johan is definitely impressed with the quality and after sales service offered by Agrico. “I ensure that the gearboxes are oiled and that the centre is greased, but apart from that there is no major maintenance work that needs to be done. I check the wheels for punctures and the sprinklers for blockages, but this is normal inspection. You can tell if something is wrong by simply looking at your pivot while in operation.” The Agrico team closest to Johan is situated in Nigel. Burtie van der Westhuizen from the Agrico branch in Nigel is always available when Johan needs him. “What I appreciate most of Burtie and his team, is that I never have to wait to hear from them, and they always provide feedback. With the quick and accurate feedback that they provide, they enable me to make better management decisions for my farm,” according to Johan. This service is rendered through a comprehensive branch network with equal enthusiasm end efficiency wherever a pivot from Agrico may be. To find out how your livestock can benefit from an Agrico pivot, contact Agrico on +27(0)83-455-5423 or +27-(0)21 950-4111. You can also send an e-mail to sales@agrico.co.za, or visit their website on www.agrico.co.za. 3

ProAgri Zambia 66

Fish farming provides a future Robert Kanyembo, Lourens de Wet, Mo'ath Alkhatib and Everett Pieterse at a dam close to the Kafue river. Lourens and Everett are supporting Novatek technically in the field, and Mo'ath is the owner of a fish farm in the Kafue district.

A fish pond close to the Kafue River.

xciting benefits can be reeled in by fish farmers in Zambia. Fish farming involves the commercial breeding of fish for food in fish tanks or artificial enclosures such as fish ponds. It is a particular type of aquaculture, which is the controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals. It has also been the fastest growing industry in the world over the past two decades. With an increase in human population, there is a greater demand for protein and fish products. Fish farming helps us to bridge this increase in demand for fish, and simultaneously prevent the over-harvesting of fish in the sea. Moreover, fish farming has also become an opportunity for job creation which in turn stimulates the local economy. As the economy improves, several income classes have access to a more affordable and sustainable protein source. The increased trade in farmed fish has the potential to contribute to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. In the past five years, Zambia has seen a rapid increase in fish farming activities. The country is ranked third in Africa on tilapia production, and fish contributes two percent of the country’s GDP. Fish farming is also the most effective way of converting feed into food. This ratio is called the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and compared to other animals raised for human consumption, fish use less feed to grow. This means that fish farming is also an environmentally friendly source of protein for human consumption.

Animal type

Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

Cattle

Pork

3,9

Chicken

1,9

Fish

1,3

Published by M Shahbandeh, Sep 25, 2020, © Statista 2021 In the table above, fish has a FCR of 1,3. This indicates that a fish farmer only needs 1,3 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of fish. Therefore, a farmer will potentially spend less on feed when raising fish than chicken (1,9), pork (3,9) or cattle (8). Although there are many advantages to fish farming, there are still several challenges facing the fish industry in Zambia. For example, in the Siavonga district, there is currently a shortage of quality fish seed and fingerlings. The larger aquaculture companies in that area will thus not be able to stock enough fingerlings during the onset of the summer season. Moreover, since cultivating fish in a controlled environment is new to Zambia, the lack of knowledge on best practices is noticeable. Small-scale farmers struggle the most as they find it difficult to monitor their fish ponds on a regular basis. Input costs can also be relatively high, and it can be challenging to a farmer to come up with a huge amount of money for extensive pond liners, borehole drilling, and pond

ProAgri Zambia 66

construction, or to acquire tanks and equipment for a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). It is particularly important to ensure that the water quality is suitable for fish farming and livability. If the water quality is not managed, it may lead to reduced growth and performance, as well as diseases and fish mortalities. Even though there are some challenges to fish farming, the advantages are numerous. When done correctly, it can be a highly successful business, and it will have a positive impact on the local community and the development of agriculture in the country.

At Novatek we strive to assist farmers in establishing themselves in this industry by providing good quality feed and the information needed by farmers. For more information, contact Robert Kanyembo at 097-125-2522 or salesmanager@ novatek.co.zm.

WE BACK EVERY PIVOT

G I B Patrick Ellis

031 350 4525

www.reinke.com 6

M S

L L A

patrickellis@reinke.com

ProAgri Zambia 66

Reinke's warehouse in Durban has stock for Africa in Africa by Jaco Cilliers

n abundant harvest of healthy crops is every farmer's dream. A Reinke centre pivot makes this dream come true. Reinke is the largest privately owned irrigation company in the world. This American company has been expanding to Africa for several years. In August 2017, the first stock arrived at their new warehouse in Durban. This warehouse is used to store stock for Reinke's clients in Africa. Since its opening, 271 pivots have found their way through the warehouse doors to satisfied farmers. A total of 1 430 towers were erected, along with other equipment needed in a pivot irrigation system such as pumps, electric motors, flow meters, valves, pipes, sprinklers, and every other conceivable centre pivot part. Reinke offers a turnkey irrigation solution that includes more than the centre pivot itself. When a farmer orders a new centre pivot or needs spare parts for one of his existing centre pivots, the components are packed and transported to the farm immediately. The whole purpose of the warehouse in Durban is to get products to Africa's farmers much sooner than obtaining them from America. "Depending on the client's requirements, we can deliver anywhere in South Africa within 24 hours," says Warehouse Manager Dhlieb Bissessar. Waiting for stock from America can take anything between six and eight weeks depending on the weather conditions and how soon the ship can get into port. An order from African countries outside South Africa can be packed and delivered within a week. The entire plant is staffed by a handful of dedicated and knowledgeable staff. When they receive an order, they pack the different parts in crates and send them to the farmer on a truck. Reinke employs a network of agents and dealers who service farmers in South Africa, but also in the rest of

Reinke is well known for its solid structure. Even though the wind is strong enough to make the wind farm work, it is not strong enough to topple a Reinke pivot.

Reinke's packaging plant in Durban maintains enough stock to ensure that no farmer ever has to wait for spare parts. The plant supplies countries in Southern Africa such as Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mauritius. Africa, by introducing Reinke products to them. The agents inform farmers about the benefits of Reinke products and bring them into contact with the nearest Reinke dealers. The dealers then take over to design, erect and provide all after-sales services for the farmer to allow him to expand his farming operation effortlessly. Since the warehouse opened its doors in 2017, the demand has grown so much that the Reinke team in Durban has expanded to twelve members. Patrick Ellis, Director of Reinke South Africa, says: "We have invested intensively in the expansion and training of our staff, even throughout the ongoing pandemic and lockdowns. We believe that expert service is the key to satisfied clients who make a business successful." The warehouse provides for all pivot sizes. No project is too big or too small. Furthermore, they also have different size pivots in stock. Pivot sizes usually vary between about 1 ha and 85 ha. There is always about

ProAgri Zambia 66

R30 million worth of stock available in the warehouse to ensure that a farmer never has to wait for a pivot or parts. A satisfied client, Schalk Barnard from Potchefstroom, says: "Even though the warehouse is in Durban, I never have to wait longer than 24 hours before the Reinke bakkie stops here in Potchefstroom if I need something. The service is excellent." Part of Reinke's pride is the design of the centre pivot structure. The towers are designed in such a way that most of the weight that would normally be carried by the pipeline is now carried by the towers. This extends the pivot's lifetime and reduces maintenance on the parts.

For further enquiries, contact Patrick Ellis, Director of Reinke South Africa, at +27-(0)31-3504525, or send an e-mail to patrickellis@reinke.com.

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ProAgri Zambia 66

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ProAgri Zambia 66

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Staalmeester hammer mills: Tailor made for Africa’s rugged conditions S

taalmeester has been manufacturing hammer mills since 1951 and as one of South Africa’s pioneering agricultural machinery manufacturers, the company builds their machinery with Africa’s rugged conditions in mind. “Staalmeester is a preferred and reliable mechanisation partner for small and medium farmers,” says Martin Coetzee, Managing Director of Staalmeester. He adds that over the course of the past seven decades the company has not only expanded its geographical reach but also its product offering. At present Staalmeester has 108 products on offer, it imports machinery and parts from 11 countries, and exports to 18 countries.

Staalmeester hammer mills

Staalmeester 6776 Pick-up Hammer Mill (PTO drive) This pick-up unit is bolted to the standard 6776 hammer mill and is designed especially for South African conditions. The fodder is milled and treated in one process, eliminating double handling. Material such as lucerne, grass, sugar cane, peanut hay, wheat straw and maize stalks can be picked up from the swath effortlessly and milled to your specifications. By unscrewing the gathering unit, you can use this machine as a normal mill. Staalmeester Harvester Hammer Mill (PTO drive) This is a very unique maize harvesting hammer mill. It has a single row intake and a spacing of 90 cm and an adjustable row spacing head. Dry material is chopped using a rotary blade system. After cutting the material from the ground it pushes it through to the intake auger that crushes the material and steadily feeds the 6776-hammer mill. The harvester hammer mill comes standard with a platform to stand on and replace the bags while milling in the field. There is also a hitch to tow a wagon behind the harvester if the user

decides on removing the bag cyclone and replacing it with a chute to discharge the material onto a wagon. Staalmeester 6776 Heavy Duty Hammer Mill (PTO drive, 37 kW electric or 45 kW electric) This is a multipurpose heavy duty hammer mill and is regarded as being top of its class when it comes to industrial milling. This hammer mill is equipped with an in-feed auger that shreds the bale before it goes into the grinding area, allowing for increased capacity and flow. Any type of material can be processed while also accommodating the popular B70 round bales and whole square bales. Various power options are available. Staalmeester SM 24 Hammer Mill (PTO drive, 22 kW electric or 30 kW electric) The SM 24 has a very unique design as it comes with a standard heavy duty in-feed auger that is used to steadily feed the hammer mill and 16 hardened hammers. The auger is furthermore equipped with heavy duty shredders that allows the material to be shredded before being milled. This feature has a big advantage over the competitors and the capacity is unmatched in its class. Any type of grass and grain types can be fed into this hammer mill. Staalmeester 6116 RS Hammer Mill (PTO drive, 15 kW electric, 18,5 kW electric or 11,6 kW diesel) The RS model has an integrated blower system that optimises the milling capacity. This blower system allows the material to be automatically fed using a convection method. The cyclone has a two-spout outlet allowing you to fill one bag at a time or fill both at the same time. By removing the cyclone and fitting a chute you can discharge into a wagon or shed. The dynamically balanced rotor is fitted with eight heat treated hammers and four hardened rods ensuring superior quality. Various power options are available. Staalmeester 6116/18 Hammer Mill (PTO drive, 11 kW electric, 15 kW electric or 11,6 kW diesel) This hammer mill is dust free and has an adjustable closing plate and a large sturdy feed tray. It outperforms any competitor in this class. The 360° milling area ensures smooth and effortless running, using 100% of its capacity. The dynamically balanced rotor is fitted

ProAgri Zambia 66

with eight heat treated hammers and four hardened rods. Various power options are available. Staalmeester 2121 Hammer Mill (5,5 kW electric, 6,5 hp petrol or 5,5 kW diesel) or Staalmeester 2021SP Hammer Mill (220 V electric or 3 kW electric) These hammer mills produce affordable stock feeds, are dust free and comes with an adjustable closing plate and comfortable feeding tray. The hammer mills use gravity for effective milling and the 360° milling area increases both the quality of feed and capacity. Electric PTO Tractor for Hammer Mills (11 kW, 15 kW, 18,5 kW, 22 kW, 30 kW, 37 kW or 45 kW) Tired of using the only tractor available to operate tractor driven equipment? If so, the Staalmeester electric tractor, which comes with an electric motor fitted to a frame with v-balls and pulleys to fit any kind of standard PTO, offers an ideal solution. Various power options are available.

JF hammer mills

JF is a Brazilian company that specialises in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery for livestock and agriculture. These durable hammer mills combine quality, strength, endurance, and accuracy in the processing of several crop types. Their powerful and quick rotors have high resistant hammers and knives that grind grains and maize cobs for producing concentrated rations besides cutting grass, sugar cane and roots for green fodder preparation. JF 10D Hammer Mill (PTO drive, 7,5 kW electric, 10,5 kW petrol or 10 hp diesel) JF 5D Hammer Mill (2,2 kW electric 220V, 6,5 hp petrol or 5,5 hp diesel) JF 1D Hammer Mill The JF 2D Hammer mill (2,2 kW electric 220V, 6,5 hp petrol or 5,5 hp diesel) is a small but very versatile and powerful hammer mill. The machine is ideal for the grinding of maize, any grain types, as well as corn on the cob. Other applications include sugar cane chopping, grass, lucerne, garden waste and any other green forage. The machine can also be used to chop small branches and garden waste. The rotor is designed with two blades on the side to act as a woodchipper or shredder.

For more information visit www. staalmeester.co.za.

ProAgri Zambia 66

FES, your only partner in heavy equipment for mining and earthworks FES stocks heavy earth-moving equipment which can be used across various sectors including agriculture, construction and infrastructure. We provide full aftersales, maintenance and backup support services. This includes technical support and stock orders as it means shorter lead times to minimise downtime.

Malawi Head Oﬃce THE OFFICIAL Kaohsiung Road, Mandala, Blantyre, Malawi IMPORTER AND +265 1 812 060 enquiries@fesmw.com OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTOR www.fes.africa OFZambia KOMATSU ProAgri 66

Zambia Head Oﬃce Cairo Road, North End, Lusaka, Zambia +260 211 238 861/2 enquiries@feszm.com FES is the sole franchise holder for

13 Please note: Supported brands may diﬀer by region.

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Meet the nutrient requirements of new-born calves:

Supply proteins for performance P

roteins play an integral part in muscle development and growth in the young calf. Ensuring that there is sufficient protein in calves’ diet will boost your profit once they are older. One of the most pertinent questions that farmers face is whether to feed whole milk or a milk replacer. Whole milk contains 26% to 27% protein, while milk replacers typically contain 20% to 27% protein. Calves need a minimum of 21% protein in their diet, but they also require specific amino acids – the building blocks of protein. The total quantity and balance of amino acids, not crude protein percentage, are the keys to muscle development and calf growth, but only the protein percentage is declared on the product label, so it is impossible to judge likely animal performance from reading the label alone.

Should I feed my calf whole milk or milk replacer?

Whole milk provides a high level of energy and protein (amino acids) to the calf, but it can also: • Transmit bacteria that may infect the calf, including Johne’s Salmonella E. Coli. • Vary in nature, which can lead to decreased calf performance or health issues. • Result in delayed intake of solid feed, which can delay the age of successful weaning or result in post-weaning growth checks. High quality calf milk replacers can provide a number of benefits including: • Biosecurity – made from pasteurised milk. • Cheaper to feed per litre than whole milk. • Convenient, easy to use and always available. • Lower fat, higher lactose – encouraging solid feed intake before and after weaning. • Formulated to provide a consistent

TAKE A MOMENT

TO REFLECT.

Article supplied

supply of energy, protein, vitamins, and trace elements that the calf requires. Five “must haves” when purchasing a milk replacer: • Minimum of 21% protein declared. • Maximum of 9% ash declared. • Minimum of 0,8% calcium. • A trusted supplier. • Previous calf performance and calf growth give the best guarantee for the milk replacer’s quality. Convenience and labour benefits: • Easy to mix • Stable product • Long shelf life • Easy to store • Readily available Visit www.nutribase.co.za for more information, or contact Jaco Faasen, Product Manager, on (+27)82-607-6601 or send an e-mail to jaco@nutribase.co.za.

Volac’s Lifeguard range of milk replacers all contain Imunopro®, our unique concentrated milk protein, which enables better development of the early life immune system and stimulates the young calf’s digestive system, crucial for fast, healthy and sustainable growth. feedforgrowth.com

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ProAgri Zambia 66

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Quack open new poultry horizons :

Duck farming can be a lucrative business by Given Hamanungu, Tiger Animal Feeds

uck farming is generally not considered as a mainstream farming business in Zambia, but it offers ample opportunities for a decent stream of income. Duck meat is a sought-after product fetching higher prices than chicken. As with any farming enterprise, potential duck farmers need to do their research to answer the five basic business questions of what, why, when, where, and how, to formulate a clear business goal. Duck farming, like raising chickens for meat, is a full-time specialised business requiring efficiency. Duck meat generally commands a good price, well above the prices received for chicken. The meat is marketed as fresh, frozen, and chilled products, either whole or in parts. There are problems associated with keeping ducks for egg production on a large scale because of low egg numbers, high feed consumption and the need to house ducks in small numbers. The main egg-laying duck breeds can lay more and larger eggs than hens, but ducks eat about 75% more feed. For these reasons, most farmers concentrate on meat production. Managing ducks Ducks can be raised under a wide variety of conditions, ranging from a backyard coop for a few ducks to housing for large flocks on a commercial duck farm. Regardless of the category of duck keeping, certain basic requirements must be met if ducks are to remain productive. Ducks adapt well to a wide range of systems of management, provided they receive essential basic brooding conditions. Temperature is one of the key management factors during the brooding period, with ducklings

requiring higher temperatures and special attention. Ducks are generally rustic and strong animals which have a lower incidence of disease than other domestic birds. They can easily adapt to simple, lowinvestment facilities, and can show satisfactory performance under these conditions. However, the farmer still needs to practice proper professional management. The brooding of these birds is a critical point in the production cycle. Comfortable conditions must be ensured so that ducklings can start eating and drinking as soon as possible. This will ensure rapid growth and reduce mortalities. Proper cleaning of the drinking systems, feeders and flooring is essential in this species since a poor state of the facilities can offer the ideal conditions for the growth of pathogens. The length of the cycle for commercial duck production depends on the breed, market, final product required, and production system used. Receiving and managing ducklings Environmental conditions must be followed strictly since ducklings cannot regulate their body temperature initially. The room temperature should be around 28°C at the moment of the reception to avoid prostration and starvation problems of ducklings. Heat lamps are used for this purpose. Space in the room should be limited in a circle around the lamps. At brooding, the goal is to get the duck chicks to start drinking and eating as soon as possible, at least within 36 hours of hatching. This objective is essential to achieve the correct development of the digestive system and an adequate weight in the first week of life, which will be reflected in the slaughter weight and mortality of the ducks.

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Tiger Animal Feeds feeding programme

Duck Starter Format: Crumble Objective: Duck Starter is specifically designed to satisfy the nutrient requirements of ducklings from day old to 4 weeks. It has the highest level of protein that the bird receives during its lifetime. Feeding recommendations: Feed ducklings from day old to 4 weeks of age. Feed and water should be given freely. The beaks of ducks are adapted to feeding underwater. This method of feeding produces higher feed waste than other species, especially in young ducks. By nature, ducks do not tolerate finely milled feed because it adheres to the beak when mixed with saliva. Therefore, feed is usually provided as pellets or crumbs to avoid the impact on feed intake and to reduce feed wastage. Duck Grower Format: Pellet Objective: Duck Grower has been specially designed for meat birds. Feeding recommendations: The Grower ration should be fed to ducks from 5 weeks of age to slaughter. Feed and water should be given freely. Duck Breeder Format: Mash Objective: Duck Breeder has been specially designed for breeding or egg production. Feeding recommendations: Feed to ducks from the onset of egg production. Feed and water should be given freely.

For more information contact Given Hamanungu, Technical Advisor, Tiger Animal Feeds at +260-975403-834, 260-967-933-658, or givenhams@gmail.com. 17

CROP BALING PRODUCTS

Contact your local AGCO dealer for more information

AGCO Parts provides worldwide genuine support to all AGCO machinery brands.

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Turn your crops into condiments and seasonings Part 8:

Honey’s sweet rewards W

hen farmers use their raw products produced on the farm to make refined products that can be sold to the retail or wholesale markets, they add value to their products and boost their profits. In this article series we aim to illustrate how farmers can add value to their raw products. In part eight of the series, we focus on the production of raw and strained honey. Raw honey Raw honey refers to honey as it exists in the beehive and that has been obtained by extraction, settling or straining, without the addition of any kind of heat to the product. This type of honey contains some pollen and may even contain small fractions of beeswax.

Harvesting Harvesting is the manual or mechanical removal of a food product from its natural source or parent plant. Honey may be collected from domesticated beehives or from wild bee colonies. The honey is collected by using a bee smoker to pacify the bees, so that the honeycomb may be removed from the hive. The bee smoker causes the bees to attempt to save the gathered food resources in the hive from a possible threat, such as a fire, and makes them far less aggressive. The honeycomb can then be removed from the hive. The beekeeper must provide the bees with a honey substitute, such as sugar water (during the autumn months) or crystalline sugar (during

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the winter months), after the honey has been harvested from the hive so that the hive does not starve.

through a special sieve to remove impurities such as fragments of honeycomb and pollen.

Extraction Extraction is the separation of various fractions or specific components from food products required for further processing. The honey is extracted from the comb using a sharp, heated knife, a vat, and the honey extractor. The area (room) used for honey extraction must be well lit, dry, and be supplied with all the necessary sanitary measures. The vat used in the extraction process should preferably be made of steel and must incorporate a small basket with 2 mm mesh net and a container for harvesting the honey. The honey extractor is basically a centrifuge with a capacity of between 15 and 60 combs.

Strained honey Strained honey is produced by passing it through a mesh which removes particulates without removing pollen, minerals, or enzymes.

Filtration Filtration is the separation of solid, haze-forming substances or even bacteria from the liquid fraction of food by means of a filter. After separation, the honey is filtered

Bottling Bottling involves preserving and sealing the product in a glass bottle. Honey must be kept free of air and for this reason the containers used to store it in must have covers that ensure airtight closure. Containers made of metals such as zinc and copper should be avoided in the bottling of honey. Containers made of iron may be used, provided that they are lined and treated with a food-quality lacquer. Other containers which were previously used for the preservation of food-stuffs other than honey should also be avoided as these containers may contaminate the honey with pre-existing odours. The most suitable containers are glass or stainless-steel containers as

Uncapping the cells with a heated knife. (Image Source: Wikipedia)

Using a bee smoker to pacify the hive. (Image Source: Wikipedia) 20

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Honey extractor. (Image Source: Wikipedia) these types of materials avoid the formation of off-odours and toxic compounds in the honey. For wholesale use, containers with a capacity of 300 kg is preferred; for small producers, a capacity of between 30 kg and 32 kg is sufficient; for family use containers of between 25 g and 500 g capacity is best suited; and for the catering industry containers with a capacity of 10 g are used.

Honey being filtered. (Image Source: Wikipedia)

Storage The product is kept under controlled conditions for a specific length of time until further use. Honey must be well stored to prevent it from undergoing chemical and biological changes which reduce the nutritive value of the product as well as its taste and smell. Most types of deterioration result from fermentation of the honey which causes chemical modification (formation of ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide and acetic acid) and deterioration in taste, and changes in appearance such as whitish streaking and foam.

4. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition: R Macrae, RK Robinson, MJ Sadler: Academic Press: 1993: Vol. 4 p2382-2387 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Honey&printable=yes 6. http://www.honey.com/honey-athome/learn-about-honey/honeyvarietals

Published with acknowledgement to the ARC Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www.arc.agric. za for more information.

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Avoid the following factors to prevent fermentation: • High degree of humidity; • High concentration of enzymes; • Temperature of 20°C and higher.

A strainer is used to remove any impurities from the honey before it can be bottled and sold. (Image Source: Wikipedia)

Literature sources 1. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition: R Macrae, RK Robinson, MJ Sadler: Academic Press: 1993: Vol. 4 p2382-2387, p3438, p3442-3445 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Honey&printable=yes 3. http://www.honey.com/honey-at-home/ learn-about-honey/honey-varietals

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Rotary tillers are simple but effective: Part 4

Adjustment of the rotary tiller W

hen working with the rotary tiller one must obtain a reasonably coarse finish. In other words, clods must be formed. This promotes moisture penetration and prevents erosion and water runoff. If the finish is very fine, the soil usually tends to puddle, and wind and runoff problems develop. There are three adjustments that can change the finish obtained by a rotary tiller, namely: • the speed of the rotor, or blades; • the forward speed of the tractor; and • the position of the rear shield of the rotary tiller (see Figure 1) Other factors can also play a role, for instance the texture and moisture content of the soil, but the rotor can normally be adjusted for three or four different speeds. The faster the speed, the finer the finish will be and the slower the rotor speed, the coarser the finish. If, for instance, there is a lot of organic material to be worked in, the rotor speed will necessarily be faster to work all the material into the soil. Rotor speed should be increased as soil moisture increases to keep soil moving through the rotor. Most soils, if worked too wet, will dry so hard that penetration of a good seedbed is almost impossible and plant germination and growth are severely retarded. On the other hand, working soil too dry causes excessive dust and increases blade wear. The PTO-speed is normally 540 rpm for the small models, but for the bigger models, with a working width of up to 4,6 m, a PTO-speed of 1 000 rpm is used. It is advisable to consult the users’ manual for every machine before using the machine in the fields. Rotor speeds may vary from about 140 rpm to nearly 300 rpm for extremely fine tilth. A medium speed is generally adequate for most field conditions. The faster the forward speed of the tractor, the coarser the finish will be. If the aim, however, is to apply weed control, a faster speed will not bring about effective weed control. The forward speed of the tractor must therefore be reduced until weed control is effective. Larger blade bites mean less soil pulverization and reduced power 22

requirements. It is best to use the slowest rotor speed and largest bite (forward speed) which will provide an acceptable tilth or degree of pulverization. Excessive blade wear and soil friction may result if the forward speed is too fast for the rotor speed being used. As the rotor turns, the outer surface of the blade is pushed against uncut soil, causing throwing of the surface and using power (see Figure 2). When the rotor- and forward speeds are matched, a gap will be present between uncut soil in front of the rotor and the outer surface of the blades as the rotor revolves. As the operating

depth increases, this clearance will gradually decrease, and the blades will be in continuous contact with undisturbed soil. If the rotor speed remains constant, the blade bites vary when the forward speed is changed. Therefore, it is clear that a slow forward travel will produce small bites and thus a fine tilth, while faster speeds will produce bigger bites by the blades and thus coarser tilths. Normal forward speeds for most rotary tillers range from 4,0 to 9,0 km/h, depending on soil conditions and desired results. All soil, cut by the blades is carried inside the blade until it reaches the

Figure 1: The desired soil finish can be achieved by adjusting the rear shield, rotor and tractor speed.

Figure 2: The blade bite is determined by the rotor and tractor speeds.

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backside. The soil is then discharged, between the blades, before they reach their next cutting position and more soil is pulled in. If the soil is not discharged, the rotor will soon be blocked. Therefore, it is clear that rotor diameter, rotor- and forward speed, blade arrangement, soil moisture and the volume of trash will have an effect on the soil movement within the rotor. Raising or lowering the soil shield, at the back, controls the amount of soil shattered as clods leave the rotor. When the shield is raised, soil cut by the blades is not broken by impact with the shield. Large clods, trash and weeds remain on the surface, and this method is recommended for tillage before the spring season when the soil will be reworked and planted. The large clods and trash on the surface help to control erosion by wind and water. Raising the shield also reduces power requirements and lowers the tendency for damp soil to stick to the shield or plug the rotor (see Figure 3). Lowering the shield increases soil pulverization and provides a finer seedbed, incorporates trash better and helps levelling the surface. Thus, for a fine tilth the shield must be lowered and select a fast rotor speed, or slow forward speed, or both (see Figure 4). For a coarse tilth the shield must be raised and a slow rotor speed selected, or a fast forward speed, or both. Tilth produced by a rotary tiller depends on these factors: • the soil type that cannot be controlled by the operator; • the soil moisture than can be controlled only by delaying work or irrigation; • the rotor speed that is easily controlled on most rotary tillers (see Figure 5); • the forward speed that is easily controlled if sufficient power is available; • the position of the shield that can be easily controlled; • the number of blades per flange that is controlled by removing or adding blades (see Figure 6); and • the amount of residue present that is controlled by removing, burning or adding more to be incorporated into the soil for the best soil condition. Regulate the operating depth of the rotary tiller by adjusting the gauge wheels, or gauge shoes, on the machine. The links, of the three-point-hitch on the tractor, must be free to float when using rotary tillers. Do not use the depth control unit on the tractor because this will cause the tiller to operate improperly. Depending on machine design and options available, the gauge wheels may be controlled by adjusting clamps, changing pins or using crank handles. Hydraulic cylinders can also be used, especially for raising or lowering the tiller while it is in operation.

Figure 3: When raising the rear shield, large clods and trash will be left on the surface of the field.

Figure 4: When lowering the rear shield, soil pulverization increases providing a fine seedbed.

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In cases where depth control wheels are standard equipment, the depth is usually controlled hydraulically from the tractor.

Figure 5: Move the lever on the gearbox and choose the rotor speed that is most suitable for the job.

Figure 7: A skid, or gauge shoe, can be placed on either side of the rotary tiller for depth control.

Depth control with rotary tillers is necessary otherwise the tiller will work unnecessarily deeper and deeper, with the power requirements going higher and higher.

Figure 6: Blades can be removed or added onto a flange.

Depth control can be achieved by the following: • a skid, or gauge shoe, on either side of the rotary cultivator on smaller working widths (see Figure 7); • one depth control wheel and one skid on each side of the tiller, on wider widths (see Figure 8); and • a depth control wheel on each side of the tiller, on the widest models.

Figure 8: One wheel, and one skid, can be placed on either side of a big rotary tiller for depth control. Next month we shall look at the blade types. We thank the ARC Agricultural Engineering in South Africa who made the information on rotary tillers available to the readers of ProAgri Zambia.

ProAgri Zambia 66

How to butcher

c at t le by Jaco Cilliers

o create this guide, ProAgri visited a butchery where the butcher guided us through the process of slaughtering and butchering beef step by step. We thank Van der Merwe Broers Butchery for sharing the information and making their facilities available to us. This guide will help you to minimise meat wastage and produce the same quality beef cuts that you would buy off the shelves of any shop. Before you start the process, you need to make sure that you have the correct equipment. Firstly, you need to have a cool storage space where you can hang the carcass and cut the portions. Secondly, you need to have high quality knives and sharpeners.

Blunt knives can spoil a good cut. As soon as the animal is killed, the throat has to be slit in order for all the blood to be drained from the body. If the blood is not drained, it can cause the meat to take on a bad smell and colour. After the blood is drained, the skin and intestines should be removed. Cattle are large animals and are usually cut into quarters for easier handling. The carcass is cut in the length down the spine from the tip of the neck down to the tail. These two halves are then cut across the spine after the seventh rib from the front to the back of the carcass. After these two cuts are done, you should have two forequarters and two hindquarters.

First divide the carcass into two halves by cutting down the spine with a bandsaw or bonesaw (1), then cut behind the 7th or 9th rib to divide both halves into a forequarter and hindquarter (2). Photos: vinalssoler.com.

Cut behind the 9th rib for more stew meat 9 8 7 6

This is the forequarter.

This is the hindquarter.

The forequarter:

The first step in butchering the forequarter is to remove the front leg, also known as the shoulder. The shoulder can then be divided into the top shoulder and the shin. Once this is done, the shin can be cut into smaller pieces. This is usually used for stew.

Cut behind the 7th rib for more steaks and braai meat

5 4 3 2 1

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To remove the shoulder, start by cutting just above the shoulder bone as shown by the arrow above (by moving the leg around, you should be able to see where the shoulder bone starts). Then continue to pull away the shoulder bone from the carcass, while cutting all along it (as indicated by the yellow line in the image below).

The next part to be removed from the carcass is the neck. This is done by cutting through the meat with a sharp knife and then using a bone saw to cut through the thick bones. Ensure that the bone saw is clean. This saw should be used for meat only and not for cutting any wood or metal.

It is easier to start cutting from the top because the weight of the shoulder will help pull itself away from the carcass. While pulling the shoulder away from the carcass, you will start to see seams opening up (natural spaces between muscles) where you should cut. Continue to pull away the shoulder while cutting along and behind it until it is completely separated. Try not to cut down to the bone. There should be meat on both sides of the cut.

This is what the shoulder should look like once removed from the carcass. The next step is to separate the shin from the top shoulder. This can be done in two ways. The first method is to cut along the top black line (1) indicated above. You will need to cut through a joint at the point shown by a circle.

Once the neck, shoulder and shin have been removed, the forequarter should now look like this:

The second method is to cut along the bottom black line (2) in the image above, following along the bone and through the joint (indicated by the bump). Photo: iStock.com.

2 2

This image shows where the joints are located in the shoulder. The yellow lines indicate the first and second method of separating the shin from the top shoulder. Image: archive.org. 26

Above is what the shin looks like after it has been separated from the shoulder. You can then cut the shin into slices, as indicated by the yellow lines, using a bone saw. These meat cuts are perfect for stews. The remaining part of the shoulder is the top shoulder and is mainly used for mince, stew, or goulash if it is cut into strips.

This should now be cut into two halves down the middle of the ribs to separate the chuck from the brisket. On the photo below, the chuck is to the left of the cut (attached to the spine) and the brisket is to the right (attached to the bottom half). Once again you will need a bone saw to cut through the ribs.

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Chuck

Brisket

Chuck

Brisket

The front part of the chuck is known as the prime rib shown in the photo below. After the chuck has been processed, all that is left of the forequarter should be the brisket. In the picture below the whole brisket is shown.

Brisket

The chuck is normally cut into smaller pieces and used as stewing beef, or it can be thinly sliced and used as braai meat as seen below.

Short rib

This can be cut in two halves separating the brisket from the short rib along the line drawn in the picture. The next picture shows the short rib and the brisket after they have been separated. This meat is also usually used in soups, stews, curries and other types of cooked meals.

Short rib

Brisket

Chuck for steaks or stews

Next time we shall look at how to butcher the hindquarters to get the most out of a beef carcass.

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www.topigsnorsvin.co.za ProAgri Zambia 66

Irrigation made easy Part 14:

Types of sprinkler irrigation systems Portable systems (with or without fixed, buried mainline) Both the lateral and mainline are assembled from portable quick-couple pipes. Sprinklers are mounted on the portable lateral pipes (Figure 1). Pipes are uncoupled and moved by hand between each set (Figure 2). This type of system is extremely labour intensive. In a large field, a team of labourers will be fully employed moving pipes. The portable lightweight pipes used, are easily damaged. Rubber seals in the connections are also not expected to last long (Figure 3). Regular inspections to identify leaks and damaged pipes are required. The system can only be used in open fields. Portable systems cannot be used with taller crops as damage is likely to occur when sprinkler lines are moved. Sprinklers are mounted directly

onto each second or third lateral pipe. Between each movement of the lateral the hydrant valve is closed, each coupling disconnected, and the water in the pipe allowed to drain. The placing and alignment of pipes are very important. If laterals are not properly aligned, the resulting sprinkler spacing will be uneven and poor water distribution will occur. For smaller fields, sighting rods can be placed in pairs on the side of the field. In larger fields, it is normal to draw furrows, which act as a placement guide, making certain that laterals are correctly spaced and aligned (Figure 4). Portable sprinkler systems are often cheaper than other types of sprinkler system. The cost of regularly replacing damaged pipes and high labour costs do, however lead to very high running costs.

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Sprinklers are mounted on the portable lateral pipes. 29

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Pipes are uncoupled and moved by hand between each set.

In larger fields it is normal to draw furrows, which act as a placement guide, making certain that laterals are correctly spaced and aligned.

Rubber seals in the connections are not expected to last long.

A wide variety of portable systems equipment is available (Figure 5). Different makes and types of pipe are, however, seldom compatible. Care should be taken when ordering equipment that the correct type of coupling, size, and manufacturer, are quoted. Each manufacturer of portable irrigation pipes will supply a full range of equipment that can be assembled on site to build an irrigation system. Regular maintenance is important. The farmer should check pipe seals and inspect pipes for damage at least once every week. When a fixed, buried main line is used, slightly less labour is needed as there are fewer lines to disconnect and move. The main line is also protected and should last for up to 20 years. Additional costs are incurred as hydrant valves are required at regular intervals along the length of the main line.

A wide variety of portable systems equipment is available. ProAgri Zambia 66

This series is published with acknowledgement to the ARC Agricultural Engineering for the use of their manuals. Visit www.arc.agric. za for more information. 31

by Ben Havenga

Composting and composting systems Part 4:

The use of compost heaps C

ompost can be used to improve the soil structure and drainage, as a mulch to cut down on water loss, and as a fertiliser to improve the soil’s fertility.

Compost improves soil structure, provides a wide range of nutrients for plants, and adds beneficial microbes to the soil. (Photo: Pixabay.com)

Soil improvement In the beginning of spring, it is useful to dig a layer of compost into the soil. The quantity of compost available is the only limiting factor. Planting new trees, shrubs, and nursery seedlings with half compost and half soil provides a particularly good growing medium with sufficient nutrients. Lawn growth can be much improved if you dig a layer of compost into the soil before planting and replacing dead spots in the lawn. Top dressing Compost serves as an excellent nutrient source when used as top dressing on lawns and around the trunks of trees and stems of plants. When irrigating the lawn or plants, the nutrients leach into the soil and improves plant growth. The compost can be sifted before it is applied to remove unattractive pieces or not fully decomposed materials. 32

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Compost as mulch Mulching with compost is much the same as top dressing. The layer of compost is spread around the trunks of trees and stems of plants. This can be done in late spring to keep the moisture from evaporating in the hot summer months. Mulching also protects the soil against erosion and the drying effect of the wind. Nutrients leach into the soil and are absorbed by the soil by further decomposition of the compost. Potting soil When sterilised, compost can be mixed with soil in a 50/50 ratio and can be used for potting, window boxes and hanging baskets. Compost as tea By putting compost in a flour bag or similar bag and letting it soak in a pail or drum of water, you can make compost tea. Compost tea is a tidy way of giving nutrients to houseplants or to spot fertilise nursery seedlings. The compost should soak in the water until the water is tea coloured. The compost remains in the bag and used for mulch or worked into the soil.

Mulch is a thick layer of material placed over the soil and around plants, used to suppress weeds and lock moisture into the soil. (Photo: Pixabay.com)

Worms improve both the physical and chemical decomposition of compost. (Photo: Pixabay.com) ProAgri Zambia 66

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ProAgri Zambia 66

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Different composting systems that can be considered:

One bin system For composting small quantities of materials, a one bin system is ideal. The recommended minimum size is 1 cubic metre, or else the compost will not build up heat sufficiently. One bin may not be enough when you want to make a lot of compost. Building material can consist of lumber, timber blocks, steel posts and wire fencing or free wooden pallets from local businesses. If you do not have enough composting material to fill the bin at once, you can build the heap over time. When there is finished compost at the bottom, just remove the unfinished compost, get the useable compost out and replace the unfinished compost. Two and three bin systems The same type of materials used to build a one bin system may be used to build this system. The advantage of a two or three bin system is that you can have a complete compost heap and a heap in progress, almost like a storage system. Turning can take place by moving the contents of one bin to another, thus improving aeration and mixing considerably. The three-bin

system is normally used to store finished compost in one, have one finished composting heap and one in progress. Rotating or tumbling system Composting in such a system is relatively faster than other systems, but only small quantities can be composted, and the system can be very expensive. The compost can be ready as quickly as three weeks if the process is handled correctly. When you fill the container, make sure that you don't fill it to the top, otherwise the materials won't mix, and decomposition may be slowed down. When the drum is partially filled with 50/50 wet "greens" and "browns", give the drum a good turn so that the materials can mix properly. Thereafter, give the drum a good turn every day for mixing and improving aeration. The next batch of materials can be collected and stored ready for composting. Due to the high temperature reached and good aeration, microbe activity is high and composting quick.

Trench composting Composting can be done exactly the same as bin composting by digging a trench or two or three and following the same procedure as bin composting. The trench must be at least one cubic metre in size. Worm composting Worm composting is ideal for composting food wastes, but should be done in a sealed container to contain odours and keep out rodents and pets. The compost must stay cool and may not heat up, as it would kill the worms. Normal compost material can be used if it is very loose (aerated) to allow the worms to move freely in the heap. This method is not advised, because of the intensity thereof. In next month’s issue we shall look at composting methods and structures. Stay tuned for more, happy composting!

We thank the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) of South Africa for the material they provided for the readers of ProAgri BNZ. For more information visit their website www.arc.agric.za.

ProAgri Zambia 66

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ProAgri Zambia 66

ZAMBIAN PIG GENETICS: MEET OUR SALES AND TECHNICAL ADVISOR AND INDEPENDENT VETERINARIAN FRANCISCO KASUBA is ZPG’s Sales and Technical advisor. He provides support for pig farmers in and around Zambia, specifically to those who are involved in artificial insemination (AI) and those who bought breeding animals from Zambian Pig Genetics Ltd. Francisco’s support includes: • •

AI demonstrations with TN Tempo boar semen Farm visits

• •

Breeding advice Free consultancy to ZPG (Topigs Norsvin) clients

•

Pig production techniques

FRANCISCO KASUBA

Sales and Technical Advisor at the ZPG Topigs Norsvin production unit in Chisamba.

Francisco is excited and optimistic about the newly bred TN70 gilt/sow. He praises the TN70’s excellent mothering abilities, heavy weaning weights, and large litter sizes compared to previous TN60 gilts and other breeds on the market. Francisco further mentions that the TN70 gilt shows more prominent signs during pre-heat and post-heat periods, making them easier to breed than other animals. Farmers should consider introducing the TN70 gilt to their herd to maximize their production.

DR. PIOUS SIMFUNKWE is ZPG’s (Topigs Norsvin) independent veterinarian who has been on board since 2018. He assists ZPG farmers across the country with artificial insemination, with an average of 10 to 15 gilts every week. Dr. Simfunkwe is satisfied with the results of introducing the “TN Tempo Boar Semen” to pig herds of different Zambian pig farmers. His clients are impressed with the results of using TN Tempo Boar semen: • Improved uniformity • Excellent growth rate • Increased litter sizes

DR. PIOUS SIMFUNKWE

assisting a Zambian pig farmer with insemination using the TN Tempo Boar semen.

Dr. Simfunkwe encourages pig farmers to introduce TN Tempo Boar semen to their herds for improved production, especially for herds struggling to achieve desired market weights. Contact Dr. Simfunkwe: +26 (0) 97-716-0562

TN TEMPO BOAR

Known for producing uniform, robust and excellent weights in its offspring.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO ORDER WORLD CLASS GENETICS, CONTACT: Francisco Kasuba ZPG Sales & Marketing +260 762589884 sales@zpgzambia.com

Mbunji Samazaka ZPG Pigery Manager +260 96 4056668 office@zpgzambia.com

Dr Simfunkwe Pious +260 97 7160562

ProAgri Zambia 66

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GE AGRICULTURAL & Industrial for print.pdf 1 12/2/2020 11:42:06 AM

GREEN ENERGY GREEN ENERGY SOLAR APPLICATIONS Solar systems tailored for farms, Water SOLAR APPLICATIONS Pumping, Agriculture, Fish Farming, Poultry, Animal Husbandry, Irrigation, Centre Pivots, Solar systems tailored for farms, Water Fertigation, Water Circulation, and more. Pumping, Agriculture, Fish Farming, Poultry, Animal Husbandry, Irrigation, Centre Pivots, Fertigation, Water Circulation, and more. PUMP INVERTERS

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Financing available with Stanbic, FNB and FINANCING Zanaco Banks.AVAILABLE Financing available with Stanbic, FNB and Zanaco Banks.

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A member of Standard Bank Group

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Plot 5031, Great North Rd Emmasdale, Lusaka, Zambia Plot 5031, Great North Rd Emmasdale, Lusaka, Zambia

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GEAGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL&&Industrial Industrialfor forprint.pdf print.pdf 22 12/2/2020 12/2/2020 11:42:08 11:42:08AM AM GE

Green Energy Distributors

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0976570 570537 537 Plot5031, 5031,Great GreatNorth NorthRd Rd 0976 Plot Emmasdale,Lusaka, Lusaka,Zambia Zambia Emmasdale,

0976570 570513 513 0976

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Animal troughs – let’s go plastic! Designed to endure the elements and meet the requirements of your farm.

NEW from

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Sand filter system • • • • •

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For more information contact: sales@rototankzambia.co.zm 40

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UPGRADE PERFORMANCE. TOP YIELDS. CUT COSTS. • Pig creep • Pig weaner • Pig grower • Dry sow & boar mash • Lactating sow mash • Concentrates • Malambo • Kabwata • Showgrounds • Chelstone • Kalingalinga • Chilenje • Makeni • Westgate • Matero • Zani Muone • Zingalume • Chilanga • Libala South • Eastern • Western • Central • Southern • Copperbelt • Northern Provinces LSK- MALAMBO ROAD LSK H.O- Plot sub v / farm 403a Lilayi road, Lilayi P.O Box 31980 Lusaka

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+ 260 967 640 126 +260 961 580 785 feedsales@nmc.co.zm

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USD$ 1 495 INCLUDING REGISTRATION AND NUMBER PLATE +260 973 584 778 / +260 964 584 778 / info@bestofbikes.com www.bestofbikes.com

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Every drop is precious KSB has been providing pumps and valves for more than 60 years to the farming community and other industries in South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Our pumps and valves help farmers to get the water where it is needed. Whatever the agricultural application, KSB - the right partner for you

KSB Zambia Limited Tel: +260 968670002, email: info-za@ksb.com •www.ksb.com/ksb-za

Full Loads, Consolidations, Dedicated Express loads and Tankers, ex SA to Zimbabwe, Zambia and DRC. Hazchem Compliant.

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SA warehousing and procurement +2782 304 1716 or +27 11 025 2094 Email: pieter.buys@afbuy.co.za www.afbuy.co.za 35 Premier Rd Olifantsfontein 1666

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Hamermeule Bd55c – 7.5kW Electrical A 7.5kW hammer mill with a capacity of up to 4.5ton

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Bd55 – 22-30kW Electrical A 22kW hammer mill with a capacity of up to 12ton Round Bale Hammer mill

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ProAgri Zambia 66

Fert Seed & Grain Ltd

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Clubman 100

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Hose Master 50/100 45

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Manufacturers of Irrigation HDPE Polypipes, Sewer/Waste Pipes, Garden Hose Pipes, UPVC/MPVC Pressure Pipes, PVC Borehole Casings

THE NEW MORE AFFORDABLE ELECTRICAL / HYDRAULIC WOOL PRESS The basic form and framework of our new electrical / hydraulic wool press is the same as our well known automatic wool press with the hydraulic powerpack. The only difference is that the spikes are inserted by hand. Our unique design insures that the spikes can be inserted with ease as it enters the bag from the side and goes over the wool. The build-in scale is optional.

WILLA NOLTE 072 333 1051

WWW.KANNAINDUSTRIES.CO.ZA

021 010 0707

Samuel Walterstraat 1, Worcester

086 443 2720

Tel: +260 211 843290 / 845544 Cell: +260 955 180189 Email: imperialplasticsip@yahoo.com Website: www.imperialplast.com Physical Address: No. 456A Kafue Road, Shimabala, Lusaka - Zambia

willa@kannaindustries.co.za

ProAgri Zambia 66

One stop shop

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ProAgri Zambia 66