The Marquette Tribune | Tuesday , Oct. 31, 2017

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Memorial stirs conversation

Pro-life display returns after last year’s vandalism By Caroline White

caroline.white@marquette.edu

The student organization Marquette for Life hosts a week’s worth of events every year advocating for the pro-life movement on campus. The events entail cupcake sales, speakers, a candlelit vigil and a “Memorial of the Unborn” in the Central Mall.

In past years, the memorial has been a subject of controversy, and last year it was protested and vandalized in an incident rumored to be associated with Marquette Empowerment, an intersectional feminist club focused on alleviating oppression and prejudice facing a variety of minority groups. The vandalism was done by individuals who were not involved with Empowerment, but members of Empowerment acting as independent citizens, said Tess Bridges, Empowerment executive board member and senior in

the College of Arts & Sciences. Empowerment is looking to do things differently this year by challenging the event in nonphysical ways. The two advocacy groups are attempting to work together and hunt for ways to avoid the controversy that has plagued the event in years prior. “This year we decided instead of knocking things down and doing a physical demonstration, that we (explain) we want dialogue, we want to change this, this is our mission, and this is why it’s wrong,” Emmy Heeney, an executive board member of

Empowerment and senior in the College of Nursing, said. One of the group’s forms of protest was encouraging parents to call the university about the memorial, namely the things about the memorial that they feel could be potentially damaging to students. Members of the Marquette for Life executive board, however, said they feel that those personally affected by abortion can benefit from the public display. “The purpose of the memorial is to bring attention to the magnitude of the tragedy of abortion

within our culture and provide healing for all those individuals who have been personally affected by abortion,” a statement from Marquette for Life executive board members said. “For those of us that may be saddened or uncomfortable because of this memorial, Marquette for Life has worked diligently to provide contact information for postabortive support, counseling and healing resources.” Steve Blaha, Marquette for See RAMIFICATIONS page 2

Mixed opinions on Foxconn in Law School poll Milwaukee has most negative responses in southeastern WI By Sydney Czyzon

sydney.czyzon@marquette.edu

Residents of the Milwaukee area are divided on perceived impacts of Foxconn Technology Group’s impending Racine County plant, according to a recent poll by Marquette University Law School. While 54 percent of

tremendously if they get engineering jobs at the plant,” Franklin said. “But unemployed people up the street might not benefit, depending on whether Foxconn is hiring the kinds of jobs that less-skilled workers can get.” Across the board, the city of Milwaukee had more negative responses than any other region: 50 percent said Foxconn will not substantially improve the economy. “(One reason for this is) certainly the economic differences between the wealthier subur-

respondents in five Milwaukee area regions – Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington and Waukesha counties – said they believe Foxconn will substantially improve the area’s economy, 48 percent said Foxconn is not worth the $3 billion received in state aid. “I don’t see these two as necessarily contradictory,” said Charles Franklin, director of the Law School Poll and professor of law and public policy. “It seems to me you can certainly believe that this very large plant

is going to help the region’s economy and yet, at the same time, believe that the returns to the state government over time will not be worth the $3 billion that we’re paying for it.” The poll also reported that 65 percent of respondents said neither themselves nor their families will personally benefit from the new Foxconn plant. In the city of Milwaukee specifically, that number jumped to 72 percent. “Some of Marquette’s engineering graduates might benefit

INDEX

NEWS

MARQUEE

OPINIONS

Flash mob for a cause

Captain Pabst’s Ghost

Border surveillance

CALENDAR......................................................3 MUPD REPORTS.............................................3 MARQUEE.......................................................8 OPINIONS......................................................10 SPORTS..........................................................12 SPORTS CALENDAR .....................................13

Athletes raise awareness of sexual assault in Central Mall

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Property curator ponders talk of haunting at historic mansion PAGE 8

ban regions, where it seems there’s a lot of optimism about Foxconn, versus the more economically stressed areas of the city,” Franklin said. Franklin added that partisan differences between the city and suburbs could explain the divide. “A perfectly plausible alternative is that it’s less people’s financial situations and financial impact and more just our goodold-fashioned partisan polarization in views,” he said. See FOXCONN page 2

DUFAULT: Trump’s proposed wall emphasizes seperation PAGE 11


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Views could be due to political stances, location Republicans are generally more positive about Foxconn, more willing to believe it will help the economy and more willing to give taxpayer dollars to the plant, Franklin said. He said democrats are more pessimistic about the impact and less willing to give money to Foxconn. Both these reasons — economic factors and political affiliations — are plausible explanations. “Undoubtedly, it’s a mix of both those things, but which one is dominant I think is a somewhat open question,” Franklin said. While the city of Milwaukee was an outlier in the data, Franklin said Milwaukee data cannot be directly applied to the attitudes of Marquette faculty, staff and students. “I think that’s pushing it a little too hard,” he said. Brian Dorrington, senior director of university communication, echoed the same thought. “(The poll’s) findings should not be misconstrued with the views of Marquette’s administration,” he said in an email. Dorrington said Marquette’s administration are optimistic about Foxconn’s potential to generate a regional economic boost and opportunities for students. “This week on our campus, nearly 50 Marquette students had preliminary interviews for jobs, co-ops or internships with Foxconn,” he said. “We believe that is just the beginning in terms of the opportunities Marquette students will have to build their careers through Foxconn.” Wisconsin’s educational institutions were a drawing force, the company wrote in a statement. “In addition to its traditional strengths in manufacturing and the strong work ethic and culture, Wisconsin also offers a very strong education system and that

will be critical as we seek to recruit and retain talented employees,” the statement said. Franklin said the poll’s results were in the ballpark of what he expected. “I’m not surprised, but I think it’s interesting that the nuance between economic advantage versus worth-the-cost turns out the way it does,” he said. “I think our data show those two sides of it … In that ambiguity, I

think that kind of reflects what I perceive as the public reaction.” Although Franklin said the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation is holding up the Foxconn contract and has not been forthcoming about the reason why, he said the deal is effectively done, and the poll will probably not affect decisionmakers in a significant way. Dorrington said support for Foxconn could increase in future

years. “(A sales tax for Miller Park) was a very contentious issue at the time. Today, 68 percent of respondents believe it was worthwhile,” he said. “We believe that in time, people across our region will view Foxconn in the same way.” Franklin said future public opinion regarding Foxconn could go in either direction, and which way is uncertain. “Supporters and opponents act

as if they know for sure how this is going to turn out,” he said. “This could be a good idea and could benefit us, but we’re really not sure if it’s really ultimately going to be worth it. In that that very ambivalence, I actually think is a more reasonable picture of what we truly know and especially don’t know about how this is going to work out over five or 10 or 20 years.”

Graphic by Sydney Czyzon sydney.czyzon@marquette.edu

Campus groups hope to create mutual dialogue MEMORIAL, from page 1 Life adviser and Campus Ministry faculty member, said Marquette for Life’s memorial intended to be an invitation for dialogue by the Jesuit tradition, “See. Judge. Act.” “See the reality of abortion in the United States. Let’s judge or prayerfully reflect on it. Based on that, what’s a loving response? Dialogue is that loving response,” Blaha said. Much controversy over the memorial stems from the risk of community members affected

by early termination of a pregnancy being forced to relive the experience, Bridges and Heeney said. They feel the memorial doesn’t effectively create a dialogue. “You can’t avoid it on your way to class or work. Anywhere you’re going on campus, you pretty much can’t avoid it. It serves to call out people on their way to class or work unexpectedly,” Bridges said. “It would be different if they hosted any type of event where

students could dialogue. I’m totally comfortable with them trying to convince students to be pro-life through conversation, but through this public display they’re just isolating (people of other opinions),” Heeney said.“Faculty, community members and students don’t feel comfortable walking on campus, and that shouldn’t be the fact.” In Marquette for Life and Empowerment’s effort to create a dialogue with one another, they have been meeting with each

other off and on since the beginning of the school year. “We suggested having something on the grounds of the Joan of Arc Chapel because it’s a separate, Christian space. Bridges said, “It’s a place where people go to contemplate, reflect, and can be in that environment … (an event) that is interactive, something that allows the pro-life group to engage with students, but also is in a place where people go intentionally to reflect.”

While the clubs haven’t yet come to any compromise nor do they currently have plans to collaborate with one another on a project, Blaha said that possibility isn’t off the table. “(The meetings are) a sign that dialogue is happening,” Blaha said. “I personally believe when dialogue and real respect for each other comes forth, new creative things can emerge.”


News

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

University begins rolling admissions Marquette part of larger nationwide trend in models By Jenna Thompson

jenna.thompson@marquette.edu

Marquette admissions now accepts applications on a rolling deadline because of the change in national FAFSA deadlines. Prospective students can apply within a larger window of time and hear back within about three weeks after submitting their materials. This is a change that John Baworowsky, Vice Provost of Enrollment Management, said “gives a huge advantage to the student.” One major factor of changing Marquette’s admission deadline from Dec. 1 to rolling admission was the change in the FAFSA deadline, which is now available Oct. 1. The Dec. 1 deadline was not a problem in the past because the FAFSA form was not available until Jan 1, Baworowsky said. “With the FAFSA available Oct. 1, schools that have rolling admissions (had) advantage over us because they (got) to send out acceptance letters and financial aid awards earlier,” Baworowsky said. With acceptance letters and financial aid packages sent earlier, Marquette has seen an increase in early deposits. This allows students to make their college decision much earlier in their senior year of high school. With more of these decisions out earlier, Marquette has moved up their accepted student days and on-campus events, allowing for students to get involved sooner. Baworowsky also said there is not an increased chance of overbooking incoming classes, because the process is actually happening in “slow motion.” Students are enrolling every week so if there ever came a point where certain

Oct. 17 A person not affiliated with Marquette reported being robbed at gunpoint by an unknown subject in the 600 block of N. 23rd Street, Monday, Oct. 16 at 3:22 p.m. A person reported having property removed and being physically assaulted by a known subject in a residence in the 900 block of N. 20th Street. Property in the residence was also vandalized by the subject. MUPD took the subject into custody. The subject was found to be in possession of a controlled substance and was cited by MUPD and transported to the Milwaukee County Criminal Justice Facility. The incident occurred Oct. 14 at 4:36 a.m. Oct. 18 A subject brandished a knife and removed property from a business in the 1600 block of W. Wisconsin Avenue. MUPD took the subject into custody and transported him

programs filled up than others they can “pick a point and stop enrolling.” He also explained that the admissions department is careful to not oversubscribe from certain demographics; that way they can give everyone a fair chance at financial aid. Tour guide Jane Lorenzi, a senior in the College of Arts & Sciences, said that rolling admissions “gives students who didn’t have the resources to meet early deadlines to still apply to Marquette.” She also said, “It just helps people all across the board and the quick turnaround process is really beneficial to students.” KJ Jaeger, a freshman in the College of Health Sciences, said that she preferred applying to schools that had rolling admission.

Reflecting on her own college acceptance process, she said, “It was really nice to be able to hear back from schools early. I found out I got into college in September of my senior year and it felt so good to know I was going to college.” This is just the beginning of a larger financial aid reform movement, Baworowsky said. Allowing students and their families more time to consider and strategize tuition payments should be at forefront of universities priorities. The enrollment management department recently received an appointment from the Assistant Secretary of Education to help with FAFSA reform in Washington D.C. Their proposal suggests the FAFSA forms should only be filled out once, while entering your freshmen

year of college. Baworowsky said the percentage of families whose incomes drastically varies from year to year is very small, so all the time and money it takes for students to fill out their FAFSA every year, for the federal government to process all of the information and for universities to then sort through every student’s FAFSA can be used in more productive ways. Marquette’s decision to switch to rolling admission will allow students to make their decisions earlier, and give better flexibility and transparency in financial aid packages, Baworowsky said. He also said he thinks this move will be part of a larger trend for schools across the country.

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EDITORIAL Executive Director of Marquette Wire Patrick Thomas (414) 288-1739

Managing Editor of Marquette Tribune Rebecca Carballo NEWS News Editor Jennifer Walter Projects Editor Matthew Unger Assistant Editors Clara Janzen, Rachel Kubik Assistant Projects Editor Alex Groth Reporters Sanya Sawlani, Sydney Czyzon, Josh Anderson, Caroline Gallo, Sarah Lipo, Jenny Whidden, Caroline White, Jenna Thompson, Natallie St. Onge, Grace Connatser MARQUEE Marquee Editor Aly Prouty Assistant Editors Nathan DeSutter, Mackane Vogel Reporters Brendan Attey, Kelli Arseneau, Noelle Douglass, Mikala Hershman, Dan O’Keefe OPINIONS Opinions Editor Morgan Hughes Assistant Editor Caroline Kaufman Columnists Reilly Harrington, Maya Korenich, Jackson Dufault SPORTS Sports Editor Andrew Goldstein Assistant Editors John Steppe, Brendan Ploen Reporters Brian Boyle, John Hand, Sammi Alexander, Zoe Comerford, Chris Reisner COPY Copy Chief Gina Richard Copy Editors Emma Brauer, Kaelyn Gray, Ritika Rajappa, Ingrid Olson VISUAL CONTENT Design Chief Hannah Feist Photo Editor Andrew Himmelberg Opinions Designer Chelsea Johanning Marquee Designer Anna Matenaer Sports Designer Molly Mclaughlin Advertising Designer Ava Heiniger Photographers Helen Dudley, Matthew Serafin, Olivia Qualls ----

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MUPD REPORTS to the Milwaukee County Criminal Justice Facility. The incident occurred Tuesday, Oct. 17 at 2:18 p.m. Oct. 20 An employee reported that unknown person(s) removed unsecured, unattended university property estimated at $1 in the Alumni Memorial Union, Friday, Oct. 13 at 12 p.m. Oct. 23 A person not affiliated with Marquette acted in a disorderly manner and was in possession of drug paraphernalia. MUPD cited the subject. The incident occurred Friday, Oct. 20 at 11:23 a.m. A person not affiliated with Marquette sustained a non-life threatening injury after being shot by an unknown subject in the 2200 block of W. Wisconsin Avenue. MUPD will be investigating. The incident occurred Saturday, Oct. 21 at 6:07 p.m

A student reported that a person not affiliated with Marquette acted in a disorderly manner toward the student outside the Alumni Memorial Union. The subject fled from MUPD but was taken into custody. MUPD cited the subject and transported him to the Milwaukee County Criminal Justice Facility for violation of his parole. The incident occurred Thursday, Oct. 19 at 11:30 a.m. Oct. 24 A student reported being sexually assaulted in Humphrey Hall. An investigation is pending. The incident occurred Friday, Oct. 20 at 12:23 a.m. Oct. 26 A student was in possession of drug paraphernalia in McCormick Hall and was cited by MUPD. The incident occurred Wednesday, Oct. 25 at 3:39 p.m.

EVENTS CALENDAR Oct. 31 Cambridge Apartments Halloween Party 4 - 6:30 p.m., Cambridge Apartments Nov. 1 Food Truck Wednesdays — YellowBellies 11 a.m. - 1 p.m., Lot A Nov. 3 Loud Mouth: Fierce Feminist Open Mic 7 - 8:30 p.m., Humphrey Auditorium The Naturals concert 7 - 9 p.m., Weasler Auditorium

Nov. 4 “League of Legends” World’s Finals Viewing Party 2 - 8 p.m., Weasler Auditorium The Meladies concert 7 - 9 p.m., Varsity theater Nov. 5 Rock 4 A Cure 7 - 9 p.m., Varsity theater


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Goats raise hope for international charity Organization gifts goats to Kenyans affected by HIV By Jenny Whidden

jennifer.whidden@marquette.edu

There were two goats lounging on the Alumni Memorial Union lawn Oct. 27, turning heads and drawing crowds of students to come pet them. The goats came to campus through Goat Hope Marquette, an organization which gifts goats to HIV-affected families in Kenya. The event, called “Goats Gone Wild,” went on for two hours. There was “goat” chow and goatshaped cookies for sale, but club member Alec Bodendorfer said

they were primarily trying to raise awareness for their cause. “Last year we were just getting the club off the ground and trying to get our name out there, which is what this event is for,” Bodendorfer said. “The cookies are there and they’re helping to raise money, but it’s really a publicity stunt.” Club member Inah Enolva said that they hosted the event because it would draw attention. “When we say ‘Goat Hope Marquette,’ people say, ‘Goat? What?’ We’re hoping this will make people want to join more,” Enolva said. Goat Hope Marquette was founded in March 2016 by four students. They partnered with a small organization out of New York called Medical Relief Alliance. MRA was formed in 2012

by one of the student’s mothers and Marquette alumna Tracy Masella, along with Kenyan immigrant Beatrice Wainaina. “They started in 2012, gifting used medical equipment to this area called Embu Kenya, which has a rampant issue with the spread of HIV and AIDS,” club president Abe Stamper said. “Right around 2016 they made the pivot to the goat hope models. They started gifting goats to women and children affected by HIV and aids in the area.” The organization chose goats because it is a cultural norm in Embu that women are not allowed to own cows, Stamper said. Goats are also able to produce around four liters of milk a day, and their milk is particularly beneficial for

people with immunodeficiencies. Goat Hope Marquette visited Kenya in 2016, and Stamper said they met a woman who could not walk a couple months before the visit. “She was gifted the goat, and she gained the ability to walk normally and was a lot healthier than she was before we got there,” Stamper said. “It’s one of those weird miracle stories that you think is all fake. It was really cool seeing her ability to gain a lot of her body weight back just from the goat’s milk.” Stamper said Goat Hope Marquette is currently focused on gaining new members and going on

another trip to Kenya. The club planned to go this fall, but their application to travel was turned down by Marquette due to the current political crisis in Kenya. “I want to get students there, so they can see on the ground how much of an impact you can make on a family even though you’re halfway across the world,” Stamper said. “It’s crazy to see all these people that I’ve never talked to before, but what little footwork we did here and what money we were able to raise made such a big impact in their life.”

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Juniors Zoe Zehren (left) and Inah Enolva (right) stopped by the event outside the AMU last Friday morning.

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Freshman Kayla Stolz petting a goat at the event, “Goats Gone Wild,” on a sunny day outside the AMU.

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Tuesday, October 31, 2017

The Marquette Tribune

Law school opens space for political discussion Lubar Center geared towards MKE community By Josh Anderson

joshua.e.anderson@marquette.edu

Over the past several years, Law School dean Joseph Kearney said the school has become a place where serious political discussions take place in Milwaukee. Kearney said he hopes to further this reputation even more through the Lubar Center, a place for people from Marquette and the surrounding community to come and discuss important political issues. The center was founded through a $7 million endowment from philanthropists Sheldon and Marianne Lubar. “We regard it as a multi-disciplinary center in the sense that the particular topics that we will explore will cover a wide range of things that concern the political, economic and social policies for our region in particular,” Kearney said. The Lubar Center was launched Tuesday, Oct. 24 at a morning-long conference held in Eckstein Hall. The conference featured former Minneapolis Mayor R. T. Rybak as keynote speaker. Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett also spoke at the conference, and said that initiatives such as the Lubar Center are essential in bringing together the diverse people of Milwaukee. “What I ask you to do is to do

what you’ve always done and what really made Milwaukee great: To be a place where people came together across lines,” Barrett said. Before Kearney became dean in 2003, the Marquette Law School was relatively unknown outside the Milwaukee community, said Alan Borsuk, a senior fellow in law and public policy at the law school. “(The law school) was very much within its own walls, and (Kearney) wanted to connect with the community,” Borsuk said. One such effort was the Marquette University Law School Poll, which measures opinions on different political issues throughout the state, as Wisconsin often finds itself at the center of American politics, according to the poll’s website. Since the success of the first poll, conducted in 2012, Borsuk said it has been conducted ever since. The Lubar Center is Marquette’s effort to combine the poll with other means of engaging the community in public policy under one roof. Borsuk said that the center aims to facilitate non-partisan discussion with representation from all points of view. “We’re going to keep being a place that you can turn to for really good insights on issues with an emphasis on the Milwaukee area,” Borsuk said. The center’s latest initiative is the Milwaukee Area Project, which is a long-term research effort intended to provide information regarding trends of the greater Milwaukee area. “As (Rybak) put it, ‘You can’t have a useful debate unless you agree about what the facts are,’”

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Photo by Andrew Himmelberg andrew.himmelberg@marquette.edu

Senior fellow Alan Borsuk said the sucess of the first law school poll in 2012 has kept it going for the past five years. John Johnson, a researcher on the project, said. “That’s one thing we at the law school can do is provide a set of facts that people in the region who may not agree on others can at least agree upon.” Borsuk said the center hopes to continue to facilitate discussion on a

wide variety of topics of interest. “President Lovell said that we are going to become a thought leader for the nation,” Borsuk said. “I think that might be a little ambitious, but I hope so. We certainly have an opportunity here to think big.” Borsuk said that while the Lubar

Center hopes to continue to further serious non-partisan discussion, no one is entirely sure what the future holds. “Maybe that should bother us, but it doesn’t. We’re confident that we’ll find our way,” Borsuk said.

Interior of Varsity Theater undergoing changes First of two-part phase completed during fall break By Sydney Czyzon

sydney.czyzon@marquette.edu

The Varsity Theatre lobby is undergoing a two-phase renovation process which will include various new design elements to promote the university and student activities around campus. The changes include updated graphics for display cases, oversized words with Marquette branding phrases, some new lighting and updated seating, said Sharon Grace, creative director at the Office of Marketing and Communication. Other design elements might be incorporated into the space to promote Summer Priority Advising & Registration Kick-

off events, she said. The first phase of renovations, which included most of the changes, was completed over fall break. The second phase is expected to be completed by Christmas break. “There has been no interruption to students during the process,” Grace said in an email. She said the new designs are intended to engage all users of the space. “While the deco-inspired interior of the Varsity is appropriate, prior to this design project there was very little in the space that gave people the sense of who Marquette is,” Grace said. She also said the changes will adhere to an environmental design process, which is intended to connect students to the space. It will allow the lobby space to communicate written messages and feelings through its new design elements, she said. “The importance of this particular type of branding, its

positive effects on people has become more and more recognized in recent years, and Marquette has been actively engaged in this communication style for several years,” Grace said. She said the idea for a Varsity Theatre renovation came about two years ago from AMU director Neal Wucherer. The project has been a collaboration between various partners on campus, Wucherer said. “It’s really a project that’s running through the Office of Marketing and Communication, and also partnering with our Facilities Planning and Management team,” he said. Since the environmental design process involves graphic design and architecture, Grace said a partnership between OMC and the Office of Facilities Planning and Management was a natural fit for the project. One of the new design elements includes the word “explore,” on one wall, which Grace

said encourages students to explore mind, heart, and spirit. “(These are) all elements of the Marquette experience,” she said. Andres Flores-Martinez, a member of the symphonic and jazz bands who is a junior in the College of Engineering, said he has concerns about the new pictures featured in the words “mind, heart, and sprit” in between the auditorium’s entrance doors. “The words are cool, and they have cool graphics, but I don’t think they accurately represent what’s going on it that space,” Flores-Martinez said. “The letters each have different things that are used on campus – they have books and they have one of the cheerleaders – but it doesn’t show anything regarding choir or band or other groups that actually perform at the Varsity.” However, Flores-Martinez said the updated graphics for display cases will be helpful in promoting the music programs. “Getting more stuff out there

is always better for us,” he said. “We’re one of the few universities that doesn’t have a music major – the only thing we offer is a music minor – so to showcase what we do to the broader campus community is going to be beneficial regardless.” He said he hopes music programs are represented more in the next phase of the renovations. “Maybe having something in the background of that wall that represents the different things that you can explore in this space (would be good),” he said. “That would be easy to see for people coming into Marquette as a visitor, since a lot of the visiting sessions are held there. They could off the bat see this space is actually used for music programs, it’s not just an auditorium to put us all in before we go and explore the rest of the campus.”


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Tuesday, October 31, 2017

Athletes demonstrate against sexual assault SAAC gathered in Central Mall to raise awareness By Natallie St. Onge

natallie.stonge@marquette.edu

Over 50 Marquette student athletes gathered at the Central Mall outside of Lalumiere Language Hall to raise awareness for sexual assault and violence Oct. 24. Each student athlete participating in the event wore a T-shirt given by the BIG EAST Conference Student Athletic Advisor Committee which assigns universities in the conference ways to use their platform. Alex Gambacorta, a senior in the College of Arts & Sciences and a member of the women’s lacrosse team, said that the event created a dialogue to encourage other students to get involved. “It’s not a divide in athletes vs. students, it’s us as student athletes coming together with the student population and saying that this is a problem,” Gambacorta said. “We’re just using our voice to create awareness.”

For one minute, each athlete was frozen while three public service announcements from the It’s On Us campaign, a national organization to stop sexual assault, and one PSA from the BIG EAST Conference SAAC were read, creating Marquette’s flash freeze. Though there was no significance to the day the flash freeze happened, all BIG EAST schools participated in the event through the entire day of Oct. 24. Marquette’s SAAC chose the time of 12:20 p.m. because it worked for athletes’ academic schedules and figured it was a time that students would be passing from class to lunch. Monique Felix, a junior in the College of Business Administration and member of the women’s track and field team, said they had about one week’s notice to plan the flash freeze and coordinate with the athlete’s schedules. The weather, however, was an issue. “Since it was a cold and rainy day, not many students were outside so it wasn’t as effective as it could have been, but the students who were, were

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questioning,” Felix said. Standing for a minute was enough time to have the other students notice, Felix said. “The point is to make people step back, stop and say, ‘What’s going on here?’ Because then they have to listen and look,” Gambacorta said. “That’s a way to get people’s attention and to

make them stop in their tracks.” As a part of Marquette’s SAAC board, Felix said she encourages everyone to sign the pledge on the It’s On Us website. “I don’t want to separate athletics to the general population,” Felix said. “I feel like we’re all susceptible to falling into traps of believing ideas around

Photo by Andrew Himmelberg andrew.himmelberg@marquette.edu

Monique Felix stands among athletes at the flash freeze.

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sexual assault on campuses and not being willing to speak out against it or talk about difficult topics like that.” People who are in a position to make a difference should take advantage of those opportunities, Felix said. Being in athletics gives the opportunity to voice opinions not only through the students and administrators of Marquette, but also through the greater city of Milwaukee. “One thing I want people to do is take that message and not just ignore it, but actually act on it,” Felix said. Making sure that students everywhere know that sexual assault and violence happens everyday is something that Felix said she wants everyone to know. With regards to seeing more, not every event SAAC participates in will pertain to flash freezes or sexual assault. “It’s just one small step in the right direction,” Gambacorta said. “Moving forward, hopefully there will be more attention and more conversation to change things.”

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Tuesday, October 31, 2017

The Marquette Tribune

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Dental School recieves largest donation to date Gift from alumnus to primarily benefit veterans, families By Sarah Lipo

sarah.lipo@marquette.edu

Paul Andrews, a 1974 alumnus of the School of Dentistry, made a donation of $5 million to his alma mater. The donation stands as the largest donation in dental school history. Andrews, a native of Elkhorn, Wisconsin, said the pledge will center primarily on veterans and their families. Before he attended Marquette, Andrews was in the Navy for six years. “The military was what really got me to Marquette,” Andrews said. “The dental school was what really opened up the world for me.” Andrews said he believes getting into to dental school was the hardest part, and that it taught him resilience in the face of struggles. “Dental school was not easy. I was able to take on everything that came my way because they taught me how to take it on,” Andrews said. Sloane Abalos, a sophomore in the College of Arts & Sciences, said she has felt some of the same pressures in the dentistry track. She said knows she has to stay on top of all her

classes to keep up. “Despite the challenging classes, I like challenging myself and learning how to tackle the concepts,” Abalos said. Since Marquette impacted his life positively, Andrews wanted to give back to the school. He said the scholarship he funds is really paying it back for him. “Whatever help I can give, I will,” Andrews said. He also said he hopes others will see his donation, and want to help out. David O’Neil is the director of development at the School of Dentistry. He said that according to the American Dental Association, students leaving dental school have around $250,000 in debt. “We are always trying to find more ways to decrease that debt,” O’Neil said. O’Neil said the $5 million is put into an endowment, and every year, 5 percent of that money can be used for scholarships each year. The university will not see the money until Andrews dies. After O’Neil and Andrews talked about the terms of agreement, they realized there are not many veterans in the dental program. An agreement was made after the three tiers of preferences for students who are applicable for the scholarship. “The first preference is students in dental school who are veterans,” O’Neil said.

If there is money left over, it will go toward a student who is a son or daughter of an active duty military or veteran. The third preference is for any students who exhibits great financial need. O’Neil calls this scholarship life-changing. “You have a chance of getting your full tuition paid,” O’Neil said. After Andrews graduated from Marquette, he became a Navy dentist for four years. While in the Navy, he grew as a

professional. “The big thing about being in the navy there was never any financial issue, you could do whatever needed to be done for a patient,” Andrews said. The navy brought Andrews to where he is today. He still practices the profession he loves, now specializing in facial injuries. “I work for myself,” Andrews said. “I do work for a larger practice but as an independent person.” Abalos is excited to pursue dentistry because she wants to

help people feel more confident about themselves. “I want to work with braces and help kids and adults embrace their smiles and make them more self-confident,”Abalos said. Although the dentistry track is often challenging, Andrews’ gift will help others achieve their dreams. “Marquette taught me nothing was impossible in my profession. I could do whatever I wanted to do,” Andrews said.

Photo via marquette.edu

Dr. Paul Andrews, a Marquette alumnus and navy veteran, gave a $5 million donation to the dental school.

First Muslim H&M model shares experiences showing that women of color have been used more on runways since 2015,” Idrissi said. “We are seeing a gradual progression of inclusivity of different races, but I would also like to see more women of color behind By Sanya Sawlani the scenes as designers or editors.” sanya.sawlani@marquette.edu While explaining her experiences as being an older model in Mariah Idrissi, the first Muslim the industry at the age of 25, Idmodel to be featured in an H&M rissi spoke about the importance promo, spoke at a presentation in the of embracing the fact that people Alumni Memorial Union Oct. 30. do not always fit in. The presentation explained the “The hijab isn’t the typical Amerievolving roles of inclusion in fash- can norm, and we are hoping to ion, the importance of represen- present it through a new lense and tation in the field and her experi- look at how femininity and idenences being a western Muslim in tity are beautiful in their own ways, London. She also expressed how not through societal standards,” there is a disconnect between Chrissy Nelson, program assistant women of all color in the industry, for the center for gender and sexunot just Muslims. alities studies, said. “By promoting Idrissi, who is also an advocate this fashion event, we are hoping for humanitarian projects, was ap- that students and community memproached by a casting director bers can help break down the barin 2015 for an H&M campaign riers and understand womanhood promoting diversity and recy- in different lines.” cling clothing. When the photos The presentation touched on the were released, Idrissi saw there impact of social media, especially was a shockingly objectifying hijab-wearing bloggers influencing attitude towards Muslims. young girls. Despite the negatives, “I like the way things are go- Idrissi said she believes social media ing in fashion as there are statistics is an important tool to counteract the

Mariah Idrissi tackles struggles in fashion industry

mainstream media. Seventy-six percent of American adults are on social media and many of the platforms are dominated by women, which is why she believes these sites should be viewed differently, Idrissi said. Through networking and speaking with other models, Idrissi said she no longer sees the fashion industry in the same way and is able to read in between the lines when analyzing advertisements. Her frustrations come from the fact that industry people feel the need to oversexualize everything, and no one speaks up when there is money or a job opportunity on the line. Students were able to ask Idrissi questions about her work and many of them revolved around life with a hijab, opening up conversation. “I hope this allowed (attendees) to be more comfortable with people who wear (headscarfs) and ask the questions they have and not be afraid of it,” Nuriyah Rasool, a sophomore in the College of Arts & Sciences, said. “Events like this are important because they create awareness, normalize the differences and expose people to different outlooks.”

Photo by Jordan Johnson jordan.johnson@marquette.edu

Mariah Idrissi spoke about Muslims in the fashion industry Oct. 30.


The Marquette Tribune

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

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Pabst Mansion Property curator, ghost hunters speculate possibilities of supernatural presence

Mashuda’s next-door neighbor rumored to be haunted by Pabsts By Noelle Douglass

noelle.douglass@marquette.edu

On nearly every list of Milwaukee’s most haunted attractions, the renowned, mysterious Pabst Mansion turns up near the top. With a long history of interesting occurrences, the mansion caught the attention of everyday people and paranormal enthusiasts for more than a century. However, with an uncertain staff and a destitute investigation, the rumors remain just that – rumors. Construction of the Pabst Mansion began in the year 1890 and was finished in 1892. For years, it was the location of some of Milwaukee’s finest parties and events, with the Pabsts being highly respected and coveted local figures. The years of splendor began to end in 1904 with the death of Captain Pabst inside the home, leaving behind a mourning Maria Pabst who dies in a Milwaukee hospital two years later. The Pabsts’ descendants sold the home in 1906 to the

archbishop, and from there became the center of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee for more than 67 years. But then another death took place. “We’ve only had two people die in the house: Capt. Pabst, who died in his bed, and the father of an archdiocese, who died while here visiting his son,” Jodi Rich-Bartz, the mansion’s curator said. But Rich-Bartz isn’t so sure if the mansion is haunted. “It really depends on who you ask,” Rich-Bartz said. “We are definitely aware that we’re listed as a haunted attraction here in Milwaukee, but that label is based on only certain accounts and sources.” Some of those accounts, she said, would lead one to believe that something supernatural is certainly taking place over at the Pabst. “We’ve had various volunteers claim they felt some sort of other-wordly presence while giving a mansion tour,” RichBartz said. “One (volunteer) in particular swore that she smelled perfume while walking through the granddaughter’s bedroom in the home.” Rich-Bartz personally had no experiences to speak of, but she didn’t rule out the possibility of a haunting. The established curator that had come before her swore to hearing footsteps on the servant’s stairwell precisely at 7 p.m. just about every night she’d been in the home. There remains the fact that no concrete evidence of a haunting exists. The mansion was visited by a paranormal group a few years ago that spent the night in search of ghostly signs or contact, yet the efforts proved to be of no avail. Serena Stuettgen, a museum assistant at the mansion, confirmed the negative results of the hopeful investigation. “The group came and spent the night, but didn’t walk away with anything specific,”

Stuettgen said. “If anything at all, they talked about positive auras. Nothing sinister or even really significant was noted to have been found.” Stuettgen also never personally experienced anything supernatural at the home. “I’ve been here late at night, even on the anniversary of Capt. Pabst’s death, and nothing’s stuck out to me,” Stuettgen said. She said that people have spoken of a chandelier shaking inexplicably or strange noises being heard, but said there is no proof. Yet despite staff members’ skepticism and the empty-handed paranormal group, people continue to ask questions – and perhaps they always will. Rocky Kemnitz, who has been a volunteer and tour guide with the mansion since 2011, noted that visitors constantly inquire about the home being haunted. “People ask us all the time if we’re haunted,” Kemnitz said.

“It’s one of the top questions we get by far.” Rich-Bartz agreed, and said that there’s always an uptick in phone calls and ghost-seeking visitors during the month of October, when spookiness fills the Milwaukee air. “The mansion is really old, so naturally, we’ll always have a bunch of people who come through asking if the home is haunted simply because of its age,” Rich-Bartz said. “Plus, for several years the mansion did host a haunted house-like attraction called Mystery Mansion, which then of course perpetuated the idea of that the home is in fact haunted, which has remained in people’s minds ever since.” No matter how curious people may be as to whether Capt. Pabst himself might still be around, the mansion is not defined by its ghostly rumors. The spectacular Christmastime events and

overall engagement in the Milwaukee historical community is truly what’s important over at the mansion. “It’s a small part of our identity,” Rich-Bartz said. “The rumors and the stories will always be there, but there’s so much rich history in the mansion that ghosts will never be the main focus.” So is the mansion really haunted? Can one encounter the ghost of Capt. Pabst or get in touch with another realm simply upon entering the home’s ornate doors? No one knows for certain. But with perhaps just as many stories that answer “yes” to the questions as there are “no,” thrill-seekers should look into investigating the place for themselves. Tour information can be found on the Pabst’s website, and who knows just what could turn up on a crisp, clear Milwaukee Halloween.

Photo by Andrew Himmelberg andrew.himmelberg@marquette.edu

Rumors of the Pabst Mansion being haunted have spread for years. Most staff members said there’s no proof of any ghosts haunting the halls.


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Halloween makeup skills taught in theater class Students complete their costumes with cosmetic abilities By Kelli Arsenau

kelli.arsenau@marquette.edu

For some, Halloween is simply a fun holiday that serves as an excuse to play dress up, eat a lot of candy and party with friends. For others, it’s more serious. When it comes to costumes, some people don’t mess around, especially with makeup. Costume and special effects makeup is an essential part of Marquette’s theatre department. Every student in a show needs to have some basic knowledge of how to do stage makeup, and some students practice hard to perfect the craft, which comes in handy this time of year. Connie Petersen has been teaching the stage makeup class at Marquette for 15 years. Students create a wide variety of looks: different ages, time period-inspired looks, animal makeup, blood and gore special effects, and much more. Peterson said that there is definitely an art to applying makeup in a realistic manner. “The hardest thing for students

is to understand how their face works, ” said Petersen. “It’s not just about putting on makeup, but it’s also about understanding how the muscles work.” Techniques can be elaborate, and for those that are serious about their stage makeup, Petersen recommends investing in a Ben Nye makeup kit, one of the main brands of stage makeup. But for others looking for a spooky Halloween look, she has other tips. Thicker fake blood, useful for applying fake wounds, can be made at home with peanut butter and food coloring. Additionally, bruises can be replicated with various colors of dry eyeshadow. Emily Kraus, a sophomore in the College of Communication, is currently enrolled in Petersen’s makeup class. Kraus offered some insight into the specifics of using color when applying makeup. “Using color can be really challenging, because for bruises you literally have to use every color in the rainbow pretty much,” said Kraus. In the recent blood and gore chapter, the class learned how to make bruises, burns, cuts, gunshot wounds and zombie and vampire bites. Caroline Norton, a sophomore in the College of Communication and

Photo via YouTube.com

Reporter Kelli Arsenau sports the iconic, evil clown look from “It” by theater students in Connie Peterson’s makeup class.

Kraus’ classmate, has learned how to do stage makeup throughout her theatre career, which began in fourth grade. After years of perfecting her skills, Norton frequently does Halloween makeup for her friends. Some Halloween looks she has created in recent years include a creepy doll, zombie and pop art. For anyone looking to invest in makeup products, buying a large array of all different products is not always necessary. When it comes to

makeup, sometimes you can do a lot with a little. “I really think liquid lipsticks are a gold mine,” Norton said. “Liquid lipsticks can be used on your lips, they can be blended together to create dimension … they can be used as eyeliners because they’re eye safe … they are so versatile. And they stay. They don’t rub off when you eat or anything, which is nice.” Kraus also said that there is no need to buy excessive products

for specific purposes. “That’s kind of my philosophy with makeup,” Kraus said. “You don’t need the most expensive thing in the world to make it look good.” It just goes to show that even if students aren’t enrolled in a special effects class, they can still transform themselves into almost any character tonight.

MORE WAYS TO BE THE DIFFERENCE.

Klingler College of Arts and Sciences has two new interdisciplinary social science minors available now. We know there’s interest from our students in these areas. We also know that there is great opportunity and need. Talk to your adviser during Advising Week to add a minor. New Minors: Culture, Health and Illness Law and Society Learn more at marquette.edu/social-cultural-sciences.


The Marquette Tribune

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

Opinions Editorial Board

Morgan Hughes, Opinions Editor Caroline Kaufman, Assistant Opinions Editor Patrick Thomas, Executive Director Rebecca Carballo, Managing Editor Marquette Tribune McKenna Oxenden, Managing Editor Marquette Journal Jennifer Walter, News Executive Gina Richard, Copy Chief Andrew Himmelberg, Photo Editor

Aly Prouty, A&E Executive Andrew Goldstein, Sports Executive Hannah Feist, Design Chief Ian Schrank, Station Manager MURadio Phil Pinarski, Station Manager MUTV Matt Unger, Projects Editor

STAFF EDITORIAL

Marquette Master Plan mission statement vague Marquette’s master plan, titled Beyond Boundaries, outlines a laundry list of goals and initiatives meant to improve the university and the community that surrounds it, but the exact parameters for how these goals are to be accomplished are unclear. The master plan’s mission statement reads, “Grounded by our Guiding Values, Beyond Boundaries sets in motion a clear strategy for Marquette’s future — where we want to be, how we will get there and what we can do to go further, to Be The Difference for our students.” It is cliche and uninspiring. Despite this fluffy language, tangible steps seem to have been made with Marquette’s recent purchase of the apartment complex, The Marq. University spokesperson Brian Dorrington said in a previous interview that there is a high demand for quality housing surrounding Marquette, so the acquisition of this property will benefit more students. It is a bizarre assumption, however, considering that many students already live in the building, and, as it is called The Marq, there should be little confusion in who the building primarily serves. Yes, the university should be proud of its accomplishments, but only if those accomplishments are not being misrepresented. Of the themes laid out in the master plan, two of the six entail increased community engagement. To dedicate two-thirds of its master plan to outreach and community is a significant promise by Marquette. The concern, however, is that these are thin promises supported by ornamental language. Marquette’s purchase of the building is not what is untoward. It may be a great enticement for prospective students, and expanding university assets westward will likely strengthen the institution, but what the administration hopes to gain from the purchase is unsettling. In addition to increased enrollment, the ownership change is meant to increase

Photo by Andrew Himmelberg andrew.himmelberg@marquette.edu

The Marq apartment complex was recently bought by Marquette.

Marquette’s influence in the areas surrounding the campus, and this makes the university vulnerable to accusations of gentrification. To assume Marquette’s purchase of the building will increase community engagement is naive. It is a luxury apartment complex with more amenities than most campus housing options. The high cost of living makes the facility somewhat exclusive, and many students already live there. It is unclear, then, how the change in ownership will increase campus diversity. Part of Marquette’s allure is that it is in an urban environment. This is a great benefit, but there are systemic flaws in urban history, among them wealth disparities and racial segregation. Marquette’s decision to buy a luxury housing option that benefits only students does not align with its goal of community engagement. Students deserve transparency and authenticity from their schools — traits Marquette seems to struggle with. The Marquette University Police Department is not obligated to

recount all off-campus crime within its patrol zone for its annual fire and safety report, and so it does not. University administration often make generalized, noncommittal statements in the face of controversy, and according to a 2011 Chicago Tribune article, Marquette administration admitted to violating sexual assault reporting obligations throughout the decade prior. To fully execute the community engagement component of the master plan, the university must be an ally to the surrounding community, and this requires transparency. The bottom line is that community engagement goes far beyond creating a Beyond Boundaries campaign or revamping preexisting housing on campus. The university should strive for conscious engagement with the surrounding community that creates increased awareness, transparency and empathy toward those other than just Marquette students.

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Former presidents not untouchable Reilly Harrington I saw a tweet the other day from “The Daily Show” that made me seethe with anger. It was a looping video of George W. Bush smiling with the caption, “That face when you realize you’re no longer the worst living president.” Sure, Bush has some stiff competition now, but lessening the damage he did to this nation is wildly inappropriate. This sort of revisionism toward former presidents has been increasing following Donald Trump’s election. While Trump is a terrible president, this does not give the media and the general public carte blanche to wipe away the unsavory elements of former presidents. A perfect example of this is the constant barrage of posts about wanting former President Barrack Obama to return to office. When I critique the former president, I’m met with scorn or anger. While Obama was a perfectly tolerable president, I should be allowed to criticize his terms in office in retrospect without being ostracized. He is by no means a bad person, but he is not the Superman figure that people have built him up as. He hasn’t done anything on the same tier of presidential flubs like Trump has, but I think overlooking Obama’s failures regarding citizen surveillance, drone warfare and especially gun control just to favorably compare him to other politicians is dangerous. This kind of untouchability is especially inappropriate in regards to George W. Bush. Bush’s legacy as a president should be a shameful

Statement of Opinion Policy

The opinions expressed on the Opinions page reflect the opinions of the Opinions staff. The editorials do not represent the opinions of Marquette University nor its administrators, but those of the editorial board. The Marquette Tribune prints guest submissions at its discretion. The Tribune strives to give all sides of an issue an equal voice over the course of a reasonable time period. An author’s contribution will not be published more than once in a four-week period. Submissions with obvious relevance to the Marquette community will be given priority consideration. Full Opinions submissions should be limited to 500 words. Letters to the editor should be between 150 to 250 words. The Tribune reserves the right to edit submissions for length and content. Please e-mail submissions to: morgan. hughes@marquette.edu. If you are a current student, include the college in which you are enrolled and your year in school. If not, please note any affliations to Marquette or your current city of residence.

one. He damaged both American society and our international affairs. This recent acceptance of Bush is embarrassing on many levels and is indicative of the sort of blind-hatred mentality of the establishment left. As long as Bush is opposed to Trump, he can be treated as a valued and respected ally. The recent group appearances by the former presidents, such as the President’s Cup, are rife with this kind of idolatry. While these activities were for a very noble cause — hurricane relief — the presentation of the events evokes images of a kind of humanitarian boy band. While the celebrity and political stature of these men are sure to draw both media attention as well as public support to the cause, it reeks of retrospective oversight. Men like former presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and the Bush presidents, should not be granted a pass and praised just for being former presidents. The ideal standard of a former president is best exemplified in former President Jimmy Carter. While I personally view Carter as an exceptional president, the public opinion of his time in office is quite low. Carter’s activism and behavior following his time in office, as well as the public perception of the former president, are how we should be viewing the other living presidents. The time one spends in office should not be forgotten or re-framed, but rather serve as a jumping off point for a post-presidential lifestyle. Carter was considered ineffective or weak compared to his successor and this legacy has stuck regardless of how much activism he as engaged in since. This approach does not discredit his activist work, but still maintains an accurate image of his time in office. We shouldn’t demonize former presidents for their mistakes and wrongdoings, but we should view them appropriately in hindsight. Regardless of whether the current standing president is an incompetent buffoon or not, the idea of obscuring flaws of former presidents is dangerous behavior, especially by the mass media. A president’s flaws should always be at the forefront when considering their post-Oval Office careers. This is not to be cynical, but to keep the visions of these figures grounded in reality. Reilly Harrington is a junior studying digital media and peace studies. He can be reached at reilly.harrington@marquette.edu


Opinions

Tuesday,October 31, 2017

Memes crucial to millenial language Aminah Beg The internet quickly blew up from a simple misspelled word on a Halloween decoration. The word “spoopy” gained traction as a word now describing a scary yet comical situation or a scenario where the spookiness was not enough. Now, millennials are using “spoopy” in their daily language to reference this meme. Memes, like the word “spoopy,” are vital to the internet and how people communicate with others who comprehend internet slang. There are certain words or phrases that only people who use social media understand. This creates a culture between teenagers that some question whether is acceptable or not. Phrases like “LOL” or “Netflix and chill” are now an integral part of millennial language. Even though this type of language can be seen as informal and unprofessional, people on the internet understand in what circumstances these words are appropriate and when they are not. The older generations do not have a grasp of what these phrases mean, so it would be useless to use that language with them. The younger generations should have the ability to speak in whichever inoffensive ways they want, even if that means in a slang internet style, in situations where they are not interacting with important and professional individuals. The meme language can be compared to phrases such as “the cat’s pajamas” or “the bee’s knees,” which were popular terms back in the day. The stark difference is this language is now able to rapidly spread through a different medium than word of mouth: the internet. The internet facilitated the creation of a global language that millennials anywhere on the internet can relate to and understand. This mass media phenomenon is so prevalent and effective that phrases from meme language have been added to the dictionary. “YOLO” and “moobs” were added to the Oxford English Dictionary last year because of their widespread usage. If the Oxford English Dictionary is

able to recognize the importance of these types of words in today’s culture, then millennials should be able to use them in informal situations without judgement. Teenagers use internet language to feel included and share a connection between others in their age group. This sense of belonging is important for people to feel like they are not isolated or outcast from others around them. With memes, there is a shared comic relief that teenagers can bond over. This connection is created through the daily and innate language from the internet. In certain scenarios, those who do not understand the meme are unique and unusual for not being included in the internet culture. The words are such an integral part of millennial culture and communication that they are forced to used them. Since teenagers are so comfortable with this informal style of talk, it must be accepted as a normality by those not in the same age group. From the efficient and expedient spread of meme language, society can observe the importance of the internet and how it affects daily lives. Advertising and marketing companies use memes as a simple way to reach out to a larger audience because of their known impact and ability to connect large groups of people. Certain words and images emphasize and bring awareness to social problems. For example, the meme comparing Ted Cruz to the Zodiac Killer subtly affected the image of Cruz and the way teenagers thought of him. The meme of the girl in front of the Wall Street Charging Bull emphasized feminism and brought awareness to that issue. These are just some examples of memes changing societal perceptions. Memes shape popular culture and evolve modern society. The daily application of memes in everyday language, and their significance to the largest generation in the world, needs to be considered a step toward the evolution of society.

The internet facilitated the creation of a global language that millennials anywhere on the internet can relate to and understand.”

Aminah Beg is a freshman studying Public relations and cognitive sciences. She can be reached at Aminah.Beg@marquette.edu

The Marquette Tribune

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Border wall potential last resort

Photo via Flickr

The Mexico- United States border may be the most practical short-term solution, according to Dufault.

Jackson Dufault With all the technological advancements humanity has made, it’s hard to believe that we still have not found an alternative to a wall as a border defense mechanism. I am referring to President Donald Trump’s perhaps most prolific campaign promise: the MexicoUnited States border wall. Trump hopes the wall, which is projected to be 30 feet tall, is going to be a physically imposing barrier that separates the US from Mexico. Whether one likes it or not, it’s beginning to look like this wall is going to become a reality. Prototypes have already been built in San Diego to test the effectiveness of this proposed border defense. For now, the wall may be the best bet for a temporary solution to immigration concerns. However, the wall will only work if the government implements costly surveillance technology and keeps border violence at a minimum. Technology is just not good enough at the moment for any other type of border security to be possible. Trump has pushed the fact that the current border fence is not holding up well, which an NBC broadcast showing immigrants jumping the fence illustrated perfectly But the multibillion-dollar question is whether it will work. Prototypes may bring the U.S. closer to understanding its efficacy, but they do not paint a full picture. Additionally, the wall is estimated to cost about $70 billion dollars plus an extra $150 million annually for maintenance. That’s costly for

a project that has no guarantee of efficiency or efficacy. There are ways that the U.S. government can attempt to make this barrier more practical. The United States needs to find technology outside of physical barriers and border patrol agents if it wants to prevent undocumented persons from entering the country. However, this doesn’t mean that engineers worldwide haven’t found ways to improve a fence or wall border patrol system. The good news is that technology like this already exists. European countries have been using sensor and camera technology to keep surveillance over their borders with hostile countries and to analyze how intruders are already entering the country. People are always going to find some way to cross the border, no matter how much money, time or effort is put into preventing it. This is the ultimate struggle, not only in the U.S., but across the entire world. With large borders and the difficulty of maintenance and upkeep on technology, it’s a nearly impossible task, but the implementation of technology will certainly help. It’s important for the government to consider not only the financial impact that building a border wall will have on the U.S., but also the political impact it will have on Mexico. Look back at other walls in history, such as the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall was the ultimate symbol of division, and a representation of the ongoing struggle between two conflicting societies. It stood for years as a burden to people living in both East and West Germany.

While the Mexican border wall isn’t exactly as intense a symbol as the Berlin Wall, it certainly emphasizes at least one aspect: separation. Building this wall will send a message to Mexico, one that will not make the United States look diplomatic. Trump’s presidency has been built on strong and forceful foreign policy, and the building of a wall is a testament to his entire presidency. This proposition will undeniably have a lasting impact on interactions between the U.S. and Mexican governments, and those interactions will likely not be positive. More than 200 people died trying to cross the Berlin Wall, with guards in watch towers shooting anyone who tried. This is a precedent that cannot be allowed for this border wall. Aggression complicates the entire situation for both countries. The use of non-aggressive technology, however, may soften the blow the wall will have on the United States’ relations with Mexico. Though the wall is still physically imposing, non-violent surveillance technology may negate the amount of aggression at the border. While the feeling of separation will always exist, technology like cameras and sensors can help apprehend immigrants before they even attempt to cross the border, without the need for violence. In the end, only time will tell the effect that the border wall will have on both the United States and Mexico. Jackson Dufault is a sophomore studying journalism and political science. He can be reached at jackson.dufault@marquette.edu


David Heim shows up to almost every men’s soccer game – home and away – to support his son’s team. SPORTS, 16

Sports The Marquette Tribune

Tuesday, October 31, 2017 PAGE 12

Jarosz adapts to coaching life

Photo by Jordan Johnson jordan.johnson@marquette.edu

Danny Jarosz observes men’s soccer practice. Jarosz was a defender for three years and was named team captain by head coach Louis Bennett.

Student assistant had soccer career ended by concussions. By Brendan Ploen

brendan.ploen@marquette.edu

Danny Jarosz gets ready for game days just like the rest of his teammates, but when they take the pitch, he goes up to the pressbox. Multiple concussions ended his playing days a year ago. He couldn’t stay away from the program that made him a stout defender and a better teammate. Jarosz is now a student assistant,

striving to be a future head coach in the game that has given him so much. “I committed to them for four years, and they’ve also done that for me as well,” Jarosz said. “The coaching staff and medical staff have given back that commitment for sure. I felt that if they were going to go out of their way and go above and beyond to help somebody who’s in a tough situation, then I felt that I had to do the same.” Jarosz is open to telling his teammates about his story. He fully acknowledge his career’s devastating end. Jarosz is still fighting

his demons and going through final bouts of headaches and pain. But he’s not alone in his struggle. “My faith has helped me get through a lot of it,” Jarosz said. “There is a bigger picture, and knowing that soccer isn’t everything. I’m on this earth to impact others and impact people and coaching is going to be the best way to do that.” Head coach Louis Bennett said while Jarosz is able to break down the film and go through the X’s and O’s of soccer, his ability to maintain relationships with players is what makes him an effective coach.

“It’s a strange profession, coaching,” Bennett said. “People love you when you win and hate you when you lose, and he’ll develop a thick skin if he hasn’t already.” Jarosz still goes through emotions many Division I soccer players go through, but there’s one key difference now: he’s no longer in control. “When you are playing, you feel so in control. Now, from the other side, when you’re outside the white lines, not everything is in your control.” When the coaches discuss tactics and possible areas of improvement, Jarosz is right there

with them. This can be awkward as a student. “Its been tricky when you are with the other coaches,” Jarosz said. “I prefer to stay out of some meetings and remain almost neutral because then you got to go home, and you’re roommates with the guy you were just kind of talking about.” One relationship that hasn’t changed much is the connection to Bennett. “Coach B is coach B,” Jarosz said. “Every move he makes is a lot of thought, and he has taken me through his thought process as well at times … he puts in 110 percent.” Bennett looks at Jarosz like a son. After all, he’s known Jarosz since he was eight years old. “Danny has always been a cerebral player who thought about the game,” Bennett said. “He was dealt a couple of really tough blows, where if those kinds of issues don’t turn you off of something, it means you’re in love with it.” Along with honoring the four seniors on the roster this year, Louis Bennett and his staff had a special surprise for Jarosz: They informed him during the previous day’s practice he would be honored as well. In a year full of ups and downs, Saturday night came full circle for Danny Jarosz, saying that he is finally “at peace with his decision.” “I was certainly a little surprised and didn’t expect to be able to go out with those guys who are still playing,” Jarosz said. “It really didn’t hit me until I was walking onto the field again. I heard my name for the last time, and I think that shaking their hands is something that I’ll remember for a long time.”

Weekly staff picks

Goldstein

Ploen

Steppe

Alexander

Comerford

Wells

DeSutter

6-6

5-7

5-7

4-8

3-9

2-10

4-8

Bibens

Reisner

MSOC at

Depaul

11-1-17

Volleyball at

Creighton 11-4-17

Record

5-7

4-8


Sports

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

The Marquette Tribune

13

Allie Barber sets historic pace for Marquette volleyball

Sophomore outside hitter is in national top five in kills per set By John Hand

john.hand@marquette.edu

Allie Barber has always been athletic. Growing up she was a swimmer, a basketball player and a volleyball player, but liked volleyball the least. Barber wanted to give up the sport after her first year at the club level but her mother persuaded her to continue playing. Volleyball quickly grew on Barber to the point where she dropped swimming to focus on it. “I liked volleyball better,” Barber said. “I liked basketball a lot too, but it in volleyball I felt it was more of team sport. You really rely on all your teammates, and I really just liked the atmosphere of volleyball better. … It was a hard decision, but in the end, I’m happy I stuck with volleyball.” Picking up volleyball was no easy task, but challenges have

always excited Barber. She eventually got good enough to play on an eighth grade club team that reached the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) nationals. A few college coaches were impressed with Barber’s play and invited her to several different camps. “That is when I first realized, ‘Wow, I could really do something with this and actually play a sport in college,’” Barber said. “Being the oldest in my family, I wasn’t looking at that time to play in college. I always wanted to, but I didn’t realize how soon it would be a reality.” Volleyball, however, was not the only sport Barber had potential to play in college. She became a force on the basketball court as well. When high school began, Barber made the decision to focus on volleyball to try and get a scholarship. Barber came on a visit to Marquette and fell in love with the school, eventually deciding to accept an offer to play for the Golden Eagles as a middle blocker. Heading into the 2016 season,

Marquette’s roster was already stacked with middles like senior Meghan Niemann and then-sophomore Jenna Rosenthal. Initially, the plan was to have Barber redshirt her freshman year, but head coach Ryan Theis gave Barber an alternative: play outside hitter. Barber accepted the challenge of changing positions. “It was definitely exciting to be able to be on the court and playing, but at times there would be things where I wasn’t the exactly the most comfortable,” Barber said. “I don’t know if I was necessarily nervous, but it wasn’t always the most comfortable position.” Day after day, Barber worked at her new position. She grew more comfortable and finished the season with the fourth-most kills on the team. Then, another challenge was thrown her way. Prior to the start of the 2017 volleyball season, starting outside hitter Taylor Louis transferred from Marquette to Iowa. The transfer left a huge hole in the Golden Eagles’ offense, as Louis accounted for a team-high

537 kills the prior season. Following the departure, Theis called the team together for a meeting to discuss each player’s role going forward. Theis told Barber she would have to make the biggest jump from last season and would need to contribute at least five points a set. “I knew I would definitely have to step up my game and bring some more to the offense,” Barber said. “I knew it was going to take a lot of hard work and a lot of effort in the spring to get to where we are now.” So far, Barber has contributed five points per set during most

sets. Barber’s 433 kills lead the BIG EAST and is fifth most in the nation. This past weekend, Barber recorded a career-high 30 kills in one match against Seton Hall. What is most impressive is her team-high .367 hitting percentage, a rare feat. “Her contact point is so high that it is just challenging for people to defend,” Theis said. “She doesn’t error (sic) a lot because of how high she is contacting the ball. … The key to being a successful hitter is learning when you can and can’t hit it, so she is constantly working and learning that.”

MARQUETTE SPORTS CALENDAR WEDNESDAY 11/1 Men’s Soccer at Depaul 12:00 p.m.

SATURDAY 11/4 Men’s Basketball - Exhibition vs. Lindenwood 1:00 p.m.

THURSDAY 11/2 Women’s Soccer at Georgetown 1:00 p.m.

Women’s Volleyball at Creighton 1:00 p.m. SUNDAY 11/5 Women’s Volleyball at Providence 3:00 p.m.

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APARTMENTS QUALITY STUDENT HOUSING THAT FITS A STUDENT BUDGET

IF YOU SIGN IN THE NEXT TWO WEEKS, A FREE 55 INCH TV IS INCLUDED IN YOUR ROOM

APARTMENTS STILL AVAILABLE: CALL US AT 414-933-6066 OR STOP IN THE OFFICE AT 929 N. 17TH ST.


14

Sports

The Marquette Tribune

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

Bugay serves as ‘nuts and bolts’ of women’s soccer

Defensive midfielder links back line to offensive group By John Steppe

john.steppe@marquette.edu

Redshirt junior midfielder Ryley Bugay quickly earned the nickname of Ry Boo Boo. “With Markus (Roeders), you never know. Nicknames can change every day, or it can stick for four years,” former Marquette star Morgan Proffitt said. “And he kind of goes on his rants when he gets excited a player doing something like, ‘Oh, Ry Boo Boo!” Bugay’s grittiness and leadership on the pitch, however, required an amendment to that name. “We called her Boo Boo — Ry Boo Boo — after a while, and then it kind of turned into Ry Boo Boo Glue,” head coach Markus Roeders said. “She’s kind of that glue for us.” Bugay got the opportunity to step up toward the end of last year when the team needed a defensive boost. Roeders reformatted his team’s formation to allow for two defensive midfielders, which opened up space for Bugay. She earned the second spot alongside the eventual BIG EAST Defensive Player of the Year Morgan Proffitt. “We were trying to figure out a way to have more of a midfield presence, because I found myself trying to run around and do it all myself,” Proffitt said. “Putting her side-by-side at the defensive mid with me I know helped us tremendously … We started winning games and keeping possession a lot more.” Bugay took advantage of the opportunity to start with Proffitt, learning whatever she could from the eventual National Women’s Soccer League first round pick. “She would win tackles, so being more defensive-minded was my role,” Bugay said. “Throughout all of her four years, not just this last year, she was able to coach myself and other players around her either by simple instructions or being a leader.” Bugay does not have the same athleticism as Proffitt, forcing her to use her intangibles to make up for any athletic shortcomings. “(Proffitt) was able to cover ground that really nobody else could cover,” Roeders said. “(Bugay) actually has to use her smarts a little more in that regard.” Her intelligence and sense of timing allow her to serve as the connecting piece between offensively-focused midfielders such as Caroline Fink and Eli Beard and the team’s back line. “She’s kind of the nuts and bolts to kind of keep everything together,” Roeders said. “She’s not going to score you a ton of goals. She might provide you the occasional assist.”

Photo Courtesy of Marquette Athletics/Maggie Bean

Ryley Bugay advances the ball upfield against Illinois State. Bugay has one goal on the season: a penalty kick strike in a 2-0 win over Louisville.

Bugay’s type of success is not found in any box scores. She has one appearance on the BIG EAST Weekly Honor Roll and has not earned a spot on an All-BIG EAST team in her career. “She maybe didn’t get the honors or recognition that maybe she should’ve gotten,” Roeders said. “But that’s OK with her, and it’s OK with the rest of the team.” Bugay routinely leads the team in minutes logged at practice and games, Roeders said. In a game like Marquette’s BIG EAST quarterfinals win over Xavier, Bugay likely runs nine or 10 miles and does it all with a humility that Roeders craves. “She’s competitive, but she’s also the nicest kid and gives you everything every day,” Roeders said. “She just does it by her work rate and work ethic. She’s the star amongst the stars.” “You wouldn’t know she’s as good as she is when you just talk to her,” Proffitt said. “Even on the field, she has a quiet presence but is definitely still a very big presence.” Bugay’s road to success faced a couple bumps in the road, none bigger than the defensive catastrophe that occurred in the middle of this season. From Sept. 17 to Sept. 28, Marquette allowed nine goals in three losses. Four of them came in women’s soccer’s first ever loss to Villanova, a performance Roeders described as “the worst in school history.” “Mentally we had many breakdowns that teams took advantage of,” Bugay said. “I think going forward, we just need to stay a little more mentally sharp in those areas.” With the team losing Dunker,

Fink and Beard, who have combined to appear in 211 out of a possible 246 matches in their four years, at the end of the season, Bugay will have to make another step up in 2018. “There’ll definitely be some holes to fill, especially since they’re all

right down the center, and they’re all defensive and play very big roles,” Bugay said. “But I think it will be a similar situation as when Morgan left. Other players will step up.” While “Boo Boo Glue” does not have the athleticism that made

Proffitt the 12th overall pick, Roeders could see her playing professionally, not that one could notice from talking to Bugay. “She’s probably the most unselfish player we have. But she brings it everyday. She’s very consistent,” Roeders said.


Sports

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

The Marquette Tribune

15

Halloween atmosphere bolsters hockey’s performance Club team knocks off UW-Madison in weekend showdown By Sammi Alexander

samantha.alexander@marquette.edu

The men’s hockey team fared well last weekend, winning its home game and tying its away game against University of Wisconsin-Madison. Winning against a rival is always meaningful, but doing it on Halloween weekend in front of a packed student section added extra importance. “It really amps up the team and the boys to put on a show,” junior defenseman Adam Gesior said. “We had three full buses. When we get that many fans, it inspires us to play our best level of hockey.” Gesior had his first goal of the season in the team’s 6-4 victory over the Badgers at The Ponds at Brookfield last Friday. Gesior said the atmosphere was a motivator to play harder. “We like to put our best foot forward for the fans,” Gesior said. “Whether that’s scoring goals or keeping them excited, we like to

Photo by Sammi Alexander samantha.alexander@marquette.edu

Club hockey defeated UW-Madison, 6-4, on its home ice in front of an enthusiastic, festive student section.

keep our fans in the game.” The team has to do its own funding, so providing three buses for fans comes partially out of player’s pockets. Providing fans with transportation to The Ponds of Brookfield for this game was a big step in providing a rowdy atmosphere. Steve Novotny, sophomore in the College of Engineering, came to the game dressed as Rick from

the show “Rick and Morty” and was excited to be a part of the Marquette crowd. This was his first look at the team, and being a long time hockey fan, he jumped at the opportunity to go in a costume. “I used to go to all the hockey games in high school,” Novotny said. “So I figured it would be a blast with all the costumes,” Caolan Lyons, a sophomore

in the College of Engineering, was also in the student section. He learned about the game from friends on the team and knew this game was one he couldn’t miss. “This is a good club team that’s very competitive,” Lyons said. “It’s a good time to watch (the team), have fun with the fans … and the after-game celebrations really bring everyone together.” After a bump up to Division II,

Marquette played the 8-1 Wisconsin Badgers, instead of the usual Milwaukee Panthers. The pressure was definitely on. “When you see your friends or that girl you got a crush on in the stands, you kind of want to show off for them,” junior forward Mike Desalvo said. “The atmosphere is a lot higher, and you really want to show what your team is made of.” The Golden Eagles may add more fans to the stands if they keep up their steady performance, as they’re tied for third in the division with Robert Morris and DePaul. The Blue Demons will come to The Ponds for a critical two-game series next weekend. On Friday night, though, the players’ thoughts were not on next weekend, but on the electric atmosphere in the arena. “Just having everyone there and being able to play in front of your friends is something I never really did until I came to MU,” junior Colin Redman said. “I really like having the support, and just having someone say, ‘Hey, great game!’ means a lot to me.” The club’s next games against DePaul are 7:30 p.m. Friday and 1 p.m. Saturday.

Men’s, women’s cross country hope to extend season

Photo Courtesy of Marquette Athletics/Maggie Bean

Mike Nelson, cross country’s head coach, said he was pleased with Marquette’s performance. “We got the best out of all our athletes today,” he said.

Both teams record strong finishes in BIG EAST meet By Chris Reisner

christopher.reisner@marquette.edu

After a historic outing at the BIG EAST Championships last weekend, the cross country teams are preparing for what could be their last race of the season at the NCAA Great Lakes Regional in Terre Haute, Indiana.

As the important race approaches, Marquette seems to have found its groove at an appropriate time. Sophomore Daniel Pederson made history by becoming the first male runner from Marquette to finish in the top 10 at the BIG EAST championships. He improved 17 spots from his 25th place finish at last year’s conference meet. The women’s team recorded its best finish in the BIG EAST meet since 2005 after earning

fourth place. Five different runners placed in the top 33 among the field of 70. Cross country head coach Mike Nelson said he was pleased with how many runners made contributions to Marquette’s performance. “We got the best out of all of our athletes (Saturday),” Nelson said. “Whether is was our number one runner or our no. 10 runner, all of them played a part in achieving that result.” The Golden Eagles placing in

the upcoming regional meet is crucial. It determines whether they will advance to the Nov. 18 NCAA Championships in Louisville, Kentucky. “Hopefully the Great Lakes Regional is not our last race,” Nelson said. “If we can perform the way we have all year, I believe we have a chance to qualify for nationals.” Landing a spot in the NCAA Championships is a tall task, though. Only the top two teams from each of the nine NCAA

Regionals earn an automatic bid to the big race. A committee of collegiate coaches then selects 13 teams from the rest of the country to earn at-large bids. On the women’s side, Marquette has not qualified for the NCAA Championships since 2005, although that was the final year of six consecutive seasons qualifying. The men have more history to play for. The Marquette record books show no indication of the team ever qualifying for the NCAA Championships. In a race stacked with fierce competition, Nelson said the key for his athletes is to focus on themselves and the things only they can control. “The only thing you can control is your own effort and attitude,” Nelson said. “You can’t go out there and worry about who is running against you.” Although Nelson said he believes both the men and women are capable of qualifying for nationals, it won’t necessarily be a disappointment if they fall short. “Our goal every year is for each individual to perform better than the year before,” Nelson said. “It goes beyond simply our results as team. Of course, we would like to place high and get a good result, but it’s really more about the personal growth of our athletes.”


16

Sports

The Marquette Tribune

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

David Heim uses drum, voice to fire up Valley crowd Goalkeeper’s father becomes fixture at men’s soccer games By Andrew Goldstein

andrew.goldstein@marquette.edu

Walk anywhere in the vicinity of Valley Fields on the night of a men’s soccer match and David Heim’s voice comes into earshot. “Hey Brendan, I like your haircut, by the way!” David yelled to freshman defender Brendan Skinner at a seemingly random time during Marquette’s 4-2 win over Seton Hall last month. Or there’s Seton Hall Pirates goalkeeper Elliot Munford, who Heim tormented with the same chant all night: “Hey Elliot! We’re coming after ya, Elliot!” Even something as seemingly benign as not catching a t-shirt inspired a quip. “52,000 a year and I can’t even get a stupid t-shirt,” David said. Then there’s Heim’s fondness for his drum. Every match, Heim pounds the side of a marching band bass drum, providing a constant, unwavering ambiance to any match at Valley Fields. The Marquette soccer community gladly bestowed him the nickname “Drum Guy.” “I’m here for the boys,” David said. “When they go to that next level, it’s pretty much natural to have all kinds of noise and cheering and clapping for you. That’s what I want to do. I want to motivate the boys.” The one player in particular David wants to motivate is his son Noah. Ever since the redshirt freshman goalkeeper committed to Marquette three years ago, David trekked an hour fom Cambridge,

Photo by Helen Dudley helen.dudley@marquette.edu

David Heim regularly brings his bass drum to Marquette games. His son, Noah, is a goalkeeper on the team.

Wisconsin to Milwaukee, always with a gold and navy blue scarf draped around his neck regardless of his son’s approval. “(Noah) doesn’t necessarily think this is real amusing,” he said. “But he’s getting accustomed to it.” “He’s always the loudest one at the games,” Noah said. “He’s always cheering loud and I think it suits him very well.” Noah had childhood dreams of

playing basketball at Marquette, not soccer. When those goals changed, David showed up to support his son even though he had hardly watched a match of soccer in his life. “He’s not very good at soccer. He can’t kick a ball,” Noah laughed. “He’s always supported though and has always made time commitments to take me to where I need to go.” Driving around to local high

school matches would be enough of a commitment, but David went above and beyond. He drove to Florida once for an Olympic Development Program through U.S. Soccer and has only missed one road match this season. “When we got off the bus in Kentucky, there was one guy banging a drum,” men’s soccer head coach Louis Bennett said. “We felt like, ‘Wow, we must be home.’” Against Seton Hall, David made

Photo by Helen Dudley helen.dudley@marquette.edu

Heim, who goes by the moniker “Drum Guy,” makes road trips with the team. He has traveled to Philadelphia and Cincinnati, among other places.

sure everybody recognized his passion. “Everybody’s over here on the side,” Heim observed as he brought his drum into the student section. “Why aren’t you over there, pestering Elliot?” “I will do it, don’t you worry,” David said, hoisting his drum as he walked past students gathered behind Seton Hall’s goal. That drum was nearing the end of an uneventful life when David fished it out of the trash years ago, before he even knew it would get any use. He’s used the drum so much that only one side of the drum produces the deep, resonant sound it’s supposed to make. When the drum is insufficient, David turns to his booming voice to rile up the crowd. “Everybody has a different idea of what soccer is,” David said. “I think they’re kind of getting it; they’re starting to chime in. Or if I ride them or call them out by name, they usually start participating.” Not everyone in the crowd is always as thrilled by David as the home fans and players are. Toward the end of last season, one of the spectators at Valley Fields was getting annoyed at Heim’s drumming and called security. Security ruled in David’s favor, but he hasn’t always been so lucky. Villanova and Wisconsin forbade him from taking the drum into their soccer complexes. “Some of these places are getting kind of picky,” David said. “I suppose they want to eat cheese and drink wine.” David may be ratcheting up the intensity of his cheering now that his son is starting. Starting goalkeeper Luis Barraza injured his arm during the homestretch of the season, which gave Noah the opportunity to start in goal for the team’s final two home games against Creighton and Butler. Before that, Noah’s first start came against the then No. 4-ranked Georgetown Hoyas, a closely-fought match that Marquette dropped 2-1. “It was a really good experience, honestly,” Noah said. “It’s always good to get one under your belt at least, just so you know what’s going on.” Meanwhile, even as his son starts in goal, David still doesn’t understand much about the game. “He talks a lot to the parents who know about soccer because he really doesn’t know anything about soccer,” Noah said. “He’ll ask me questions all the time when we’re watching in the living room.” Even after Noah graduates from Marquette in three years, David still plans on showing up, banging his drum and being, in his own words, “loud and obnoxious.” “There’s a lot of parents that don’t really care for all this noisemaking,” David said. “To be honest, I don’t really care about the parents. I’m here for the boys.”


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