Shenyang Taoxian - L. Galbusera, L. Shuhan, Y. Chenxi

Location of the city

The city is served by the Shenyang Taoxian Internaonal Airport, located in Dongling District. It is one of the eight major airline hubs and the 20th busiest airport in China.

Shenyang has two major railway sta ons: Shenyang North Railway Sta on and Shenyang Railway Sta on.

Mukden Palace: the former imperial palace of the early Qing dynasty. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Dongling: the tomb of the rst Qing emperor, Nurhaci. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Beiling Park and Zhaoling: the tomb of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taiji. The park covers an area of 3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or can- not) traverse the length of the park. It is a UNE- SCO World Heritage Site.

Qipan Mountain, Shenbei New District: a recrea- on resort in the northeast of Shenyang.

C ina map of Köppen climate classification

SHENYANG

Location of the city

The city is served by the Shenyang Taoxian Internaonal Airport, located in Dongling District. It is one of the eight major airline hubs and the 20th busiest airport in China. Shenyang has two major railway sta ons: Shenyang North Railway Sta on and Shenyang Railway Sta on.

Mukden Palace: the former imperial palace of the early Qing dynasty. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Dongling: the tomb of the rst Qing emperor, Nurhaci. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Beiling Park and Zhaoling: the tomb of the second Qing emperor, Huang Taiji. The park covers an area of 3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or can- not) traverse the length of the park. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Qipan Mountain, Shenbei New District: a recrea- on resort in the northeast of Shenyang.

Warm continental Climate/Humid continental climate (Dwa)

Monsoom climate (Am)

Cold semi-arid climate (BSk)

Shenyang as metropole

Shenyang is a major sub-provincial city of China. It is the capital city of Liaoning province. In the 17th century, Shenyang was conquered by the Manchu people and brie y used as the capital of the Qing dynasty. In general, agriculture, animal husbandry, and agricultural product processing dominate north- eastern Shenyang; eastern Shenyang is an auto parts hub; southern Shenyang is a hightech industrial base; and western Shenyang is home to heavy machinery manufacturing. The city center specializes in retail and nancial services. Shenyang is located in the central part of Liaoning Province. The subprovincial city of Shen- yang has direct jurisdic on over 10 districts, 1 countylevel ci es and 2 Coun es. The western parts of the city’s administra ve area are located on the alluvial plain of the Liao River, while the eastern part consists of the hin- terlands of the Changbai Mountains, and is cov- ered with forests. The main urban area is locat- ed to the north of Hun River, formerly a major tributary of the Liao River.

Temperature and rainfall

Shenyang has a monsoon-in uenced humid con nental climate characterised by hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters, due to the Siberian an cyclone. The four seasons here are dis nc ve. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August. Monthly mean temperatures range from −16°C (3 °F) in January to 29°C (84°F) in July, for an annual average of 8°C (47 °F). Shenyang is in the north rim of Asia monsoon region in the north temperate, belongs to humid sub-humid warm temperate con nental climate a ected by the monsoon. It has main characteris cs of dis nct four seasons, concetrated rainfall, abundant sunshine and large temperature di erence. The heaviest rainfall concentrates on the ho est months of June to Augest with 92-166mm.

SOURCE

„Shenyang Weather.“ : Climate with Weather Forecast, Best Visit Time. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2016.

Wind Speed

According to the charts, Shenyang blows a gental wind all over the year at a speed of 9 to 13 m/s. However the highest speed various among months. In March, June and November, wind in Shenyang blows over 45m/s, and in July to SePtember, the speed slows down below 35 m/s. What is more, the direc on of the wind over the en re year changes all the me.

SOURCE: VoodooSkies.com. „Voodoo Skies - Shenyang Monthly Wind Weather History.“ VoodooSkies.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2016.

Humidity and Air

The humidity in Shenyang utes gentally from 52% in April to 78% between July and Augest. It can be judged from the chart that it is dry in spring and quite wet in summer. It is typical in most inland ci es. The air in Shenyang is lightly pulluted on average during the year. From the point of view throughout the year, the city’s PM2.5 pollu on is serious from November to March because of the burning coal in winter.

„WeatherSpark Beta.“ Average Weather For Shenyang, China. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2016.

Hardness zone map

One maps are tools that show where various permanent landscape plants can adapt. the plant must tolerate year-round condi ons in the area, such as the lowest and highest temperatures and the amount and distribu on of rainfall.

The latest version of the USDA Zone Map was jointly developed by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Oregon State University’s (OSU) PRISM Climate Group, and released in January of 2012.

The tempreture decreases from north to south in LIaoning Prvince, and Shenyang is located in zone 5B, with the temperature between 26.1 °C and 23.3°C. On the left corner of the map are tipical plants growing in Shenyang.

L iaoning province’s hardiness zone map

The comfort zone

The time that the human being will be comfortable without any in uences from another agent (for example: cooling and heating) is around 457 hours a year, that is mean around 5.2%. The thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is a thermodynamic property of a mixture of air and water vapor.

SOURCE

Climet countsoulting 7.0

Wet bulb and dew point

The saturation temperature of the moisture present in the sample of air, it can also be dened as the temperature at which the vapour changes into liquid (condensation). Usually the level at which water vapor changes into liquid marks the base of the cloud in the atmosphere hence called condensation level. So the temperature value that allows this process (condensation) to take place is called the ‘dew point temperature’. A simpli ed de nition is the temperature at which the water vapour turns into “dew“.

Day of the analyse: 2016/09/21

Max temperature: 24°C

Min temperature:11°C Humidity: 33%

Dew point: Between 0.002 kg/kg and 0.006 kg/kg

Wet bulb temperature: 17.5 - 41.5 Kj/kg

This map indicate some important buildings and streets’ loca ons around the College of Design and Innova n , Tongji University .

Tongji Union Square, Building B

Tongji Union Square, Building A and C

Tongji Architectural Design Research Institute

The Studio of the D&I College of Design and Innovaon

Water map with info

Map with Water Info Diagramed

The map shows the water informa on around School of Design and Innova on, Tongji University. Expect for some landfill and parking lot pollu ng the water system, many restaurants around pour dirty water just in the sewage, leading to serious water pollution.

ZhangwuRoad

Sewage manhole cover

Rain manhole cover

Clean water manhole cover

Rain ditch

Uncetain storm water system line

Water absorpion

Non-source point--parking lot

Non-source point--Garbage disposal point

Water pollu on

Fuxin Road

SOUTH NANJING ROAD

SOUTH NANJING ROAD

BANK RESTAURANT

The building in Shenyang

The chooses building is an apartment building, it has 23 floors and the orientation of the building is mostly north orientated.

Original orientation

The original position of the building is thought to have a natural cooling of the apartment because of the wind flow. The wides site of the building is almost perpendicular to the wind that comes from south, that cover the 22% of the yearly wind in Shenyang.

Original situation

Change orientation for a Better natural Heating

Changed orientation

The city of Shenyang is actually quite cold. It does mean that is better to have a natural heating during the cold time that is more than the warm one. A change of the orientation of the building would be great for the Heating. The shortest side of the building must be perpendicular to the wind comes from south.

Shenyang is located in north la tude of 41 ° 48 ‘11.75’, longitude 123 ° 25 ‘31.18”. Because this buiding is in the cold aera (northeast) of China, solar gain in winter and ven laon in summer are very important. The south side get the most heat and light and the north side get the least. The orange arrows means heat gained from the sun, and the yellow ones of delighting strength. That whay the North side need more isolation of the walls to get a better natural heating from the sun comes from south

Day light Sun Heating

PASSIVE E

W

Solar gain & natural ventilation

In the graph, the orange arrow shows the solar gain and the blue arrow shows the natural venla on. As the building, located in north-east of China, needs to get more heat in the freezing winter, we make more areas facing the sun to get heat.

Day light Sun Heating

How much planets?

If everyone lived the same lifestyle of us, we would required the regenerative capacity of more or less pantes each Year.

We calculated our:

Luigi Gabusera (Male) comes from Italy and lives now in Shanghai (China).

Footprint 4.2

Luo Shuhan (Male) comes from China and lives now in Shanghai (China).

Footprint 1.6.

Yao Chenxi (Female) comes from China and lives now in Shanghai (China).

Footprint 1.8

Worl average biocapacity is 1.8 global ectares per person.

“Footprint Calculator.” Footprint Calculator. Accessed October 12, 2016. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/.

The component of your footprint are:

ENERGY LAND

The Energy land is the area of the forest needed to store your carbon emission (or the carbon footprint)

CROPLAND

The cropland of the area required to grow crop products, including livestock feeds.

GRAZING LAND

The grazing land measures the area of grassland necessary to support livestock.

FOREST LAND

The forest land is the area of forest necessary to produce the wood products you use.

BUILT-UP LAND

The built-up area is the area of land covered by human infrastructure.

FISHING GROUNDS

Try to change your footprint, chenge your lifestyle to get a lower footprint.

A person’s Footprint includes both personal and societa components. Your personal Footprint associated with food, mobility, and goods is easy to influence directly through lifestyle choises (eating less meat, driving less, ecc.). However, a person’s footprint also includes societal factors, such a governement assistance, roads and infrastructure, public services, and the military of their country. All citizens of the country are allocated their share of these societal factors. This is wuy, if we want to achieve sustainability, we need to focus on our own lifestyle while also asking our governements to take steps to bekome more resource efficent and mindful of ecological limits.

We need to Focus on our total ecological Footprint.

“Footprint Calculator.” Footprint Calculator. Accessed October 12, 2016. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/.

Where are our Clothes made

WHERE ARE OUR CLOTHES MADE:

T-shirt made in Vietnam

Shoes made in Japan Shirt made in India Shirt made in Germany Jaket made in Italy Shoes made in Dominican Republic T-shirt made in China Shirt made in North Korea Underwear made in Bangladesh

Slavery in the world

How much slaves work for us, for producing the products we use. The difference between Europe and China could be really intresting for the research about the Global Footprint.

“Slavery Footprint.” - Made In A Free World. Accessed October 13, 2016. http://slaveryfootprint.org/.

LUIGI GALBUSERA

Life cycle

The Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess environmental and ecological impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from prduction to use ( from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).

The chair is made from secondary (recycled) polypropylene and secondary steel. The chairs deliver 7200 hours of service. The functional unit is hour of use. The cardboard packaging of each chair is recycled after delivery. The chart shows that each material or process has a different distribution of the relative scale of each of the normalized impact categories.

Okala

Okala means “life sustaining energy” in the Hopi language. Okala honors the indigenous American tradition of respect for the natural environment. We envision a future when all humans protect our unique and irreplaceable biosphere. The chart shows the impacts over the entire life cycle of the chairs of the major elements in the chairs. The impacts are specified according to impact categories within each of the chair elements. In this example, human cancer is dominant from the release of cancerous metals in the steel extraction and refining process. Ecotoxicity dominates in PP production. Global warming dominates in PP molding and truck transport, Water eutrophication dominates in the PP landfill process.

Improved life cycle

This is the whole system map of a plastic chair. Some of them are made from primary polypropylene (PP) and primary steel. Most chairs deliver 7200 hours of service. The functional unit is hour of use. The cardboard packaging of each chair is recycled after delivery. To reduce the impact, we change the materials of primary PP and steel into secondary pp and steel. What is more, when the chair is broken, we recycle the waste material instead of landfill them. The process is only accurate to 2 significant figures, so we calculate the impacts and round to two significant figures.

BIOMIMICRY THINKING

The artefakt: the Tulip

Some pollen have to be protected from the rain. Yun-Yun Mao and Shuang-Quan Huang of Wuhan University in China studied the response to rain and water of 80 species of flowers. Many flowers have different shapes and structures to prevent their pollen from getting wet. The results of the analyzes are several: some flowers didn’t protect their pollen anyway, others are developed a waterproof or hydrophobic pollen and at least are several examples that are easily close their petals to keep the pollen dry. How can the flower covering the pollen, they change their floral orientation or closing their corolla on rainy days. For example, tulip flowers.

“Motion without Muscles: How Flower Petals Move.” Accessed October 16, 2016. http://davesgarden.com/guides/ articles/motion-without-muscles-how-flower-petals-move.

BIOMIMICRY THINKING

Developing of strategy

The petals are open and close because of the humidity of the air. If it is a rainy day the tulip will closed to protect the pollen from the water. If the day is sunny and dry the tulip will be open, to get more energy from the sun and developed the pollen for the reproduction. Understanding plant reproductive strategies, the pollen have to be protected from the rain. In bowl-shaped flowers, like the tulip, the petals are often separate or fused only at the base, so that raindrops flow quickly away between the petals, comprising a water drainage system. This protection strategy is not only used from the tulips, but also from other flowers like Morning glory flowers.

SOURCE: “Flower Opening and Closure: A Review - Oxford Journals.” Accessed October 19, 2016.

Baumeiser, Dyana. Biomimicry Resource Handbook. Missoula, US: Biomimicry 3.8, 2013.

Mechanism

In tulip petals, for example, the upper and lower sides of the mesophyll exhibit a 10 °C difference in optimum temperature for elongation growth, resulting in opening in the morning and closure in the evening. The cells near the bottom and the order of the petals get smaller and bigger fastly. The temperature and the humidity of the Air are the factors that gorw the cells, they are causing tension forces that open the petals of the tulip.

Reason of the movement

Reproduction strategy Protection strategy

Function

To cover and protect the pollen from the rain because it could be damaged from the water

Biological Strategy

The humidity or the air let the connection between the corolla and the petals. When the petals are closed they developed a water drainage system.

Design Strategy

Create a system to protect a organism that need protection from Water.

Who would care about/apply this strategy?

Some plants can survive only in habits where the weather is dry and there is a low rainfall. This system can realize greenhouses for getting plants in habits wehre naturally is impossible the let them grow.

Environmental organiza on website

“Fair Trade Handels AG.”

Accessed October 19, 2016. https://www.fairtrade.ag/

“Learn about Water | Learn the Issues | US EPA.” Accessed October 19, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/learn-issues/learn-about-water.

“Fair Trade | Global Exchange.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.globalexchange.org/programs/fairtrade.

“NOVICA | Fair Trade.” Accessed October 19, 2016. https://www.novica.com/fair-trade/.

“Fair Trade Gifts - Gifts With Humanity - Unique Gift Ideas.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.giftswithhumanity.com/.

“FairMoments.org | Fair Trade Certified.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.fairmoments.org/.

“ThaiCraft Fair Trade.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.thaicraft.org/.

“FairMoments.org | Fair Trade Certified.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://www.fairmoments.org/.

“Das Siegel Für Fairen Handel | Fairtrade Deutschland.” Accessed October 19, 2016. https://www.fairtrade-deutschland.de/.

“Fair Trade | Danmark.” Accessed October 19, 2016. http://fairtrade.dk/.