T. Santagelo Environmental Portfolio

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS | TSM2001_2 TRISTAN SANTANGELO

All citations are per chapter, and noted at the endinthebibliography.

OH, HELLO THERE!

SANTANGELO

FROM Toronto, Ontario

EDUCATION

B.F.A. Bachelors of Fine Arts (2019) Ontario College of Art & Design University Cross-DisciplinartArt:LifeStudies

M.Arch Masters of Architecture (2021) The Boston Architectural College Masters of Architecture

My name is Tristan Santangelo, I am a Canadian student who is developing her education as an architect at The Boston Architectural College.

Although this pandemic has faced me with many challenges, I have also been faced with the great opportunity to attend The Boston Architectural College for their online Masters of Architecture program.

My interest in architecture stems from the respect I have for history and curiosity for design. Due to the constant exposure I had to architecture and design over the course of my lifetime, I feel as though picking the “ah-ha!” moment for my epiphany of passion for architecture dates back to being a young

girl in the back seat driving up to our family cottage in Muskoka. Seeing all the different structures, that I was not often exposed to in suburban Toronto, drew my attention and immediately peaked my interest. From then on, I started to pay more attention to the different façades certain structures have and the relevance they have in their geographical area.

Over my exploration within architecture, the theme of sustainability have proven itself to be a recurring instance in the work I develop. Ensuring to design a building that aids in creating a better future for Earth, helps providing me with the momentum to keep moving forward when I am faced with challenges that come along.

TRISTAN ALEXANDRA

MY ECOLOGICAL & CARBON FOOTPRINT

MY ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Ecological footprints are calculated using global hectares (gha) - which means how much of Earth’s biological productive area is required to accomodate/produce all that I consume.

10.8 gha (108,000 square meters) came as quite of a shock to me, however this has opened my eyes to aim in living a more sustainable lifestyle.

Especially considering if everone on Earth lived the way I did, we would require 6.6 Earths to survive. Since we do not have “spares”, it is up to me to lower my footprint and create a more sustainable living environment.

MY CARBON FOOTPRINT

My current annual household carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is estimated to be 55,289 lbs, which is approximately 40% higher than the United States average of 39,403 lbs. While this number is quite high, I am not wholly surprised that my carbon footprint is this large due to my commute for work and consistently doing laundry throughout the week.

However, being able to quantify this has encouraged me to try other methods in lowering my carbon footprint.

PORTFOLIO | TRISTAN SANTANGELO

TERRAIN | HYDROLOGY | CLIMATE |

CLIMATE CHANGE

SITE ANALYSIS

• Single-family homes: 2-storeys

• Condominium/Apartment buildings: 10-storey maximum (with a potential penhouse on some)

• Municipality allows for multiple lots to be merged, for a larger house and greenspace area (many residents opt in for outdoor amenities, ie. pool)

• Many sects of the island indicate gated communities (reflecting wealth and safety)

• Outdoor public amenities are located on the cusps of many

lot. This allows for more access by experience the space by the residents and visitors - allowing for a sense of community

• Public parks are common attractions, in addition to the tennis courts and soccer fields

• A single path to the entire island through a 3-lane , 2-way bridge connecting the island to the city of Samborondon

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

55-2021

In naturally ventilated spaces where occupants can open and close windows, their thermal response will depend in part on the outdoor climate, and may have a wider comfort range than in buildings with centralized HVAC systems. This model assumes occupants adapt their clothing to thermal conditions and are sedentary (1.0 to 1.3 met). There must be no mechanical Cooling System, but this method does not apply if a Mechanical Heating System is in operation.

Figure1:Averagedrybulbtempreaturerange Figure2:Windvelocityrange(2m/s)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Figure3:Windwheelforasubtropicalclimatetempreature

Figure4:Psychrometricschart

SOLAR ACCESS

SEASONAL SUN PATH

Solar access is the ability of one property to continue to receive sunlight across property lines without obstruction from another’s property (buildings, foliage or other impediment). Solar access is calculated using a sun path diagram. Sun is the source of our vision and energy.

During the summer, the sun’s rays hit the Earth at a steep angle. ... Also, the long daylight hours allow the Earth plenty of time to reach warm temperatures. During the winter, the sun’s rays hit the Earth at a shallow angle. These rays are more spread out, which minimizes the amount of energy that hits any given spot.

EQUITABLE DESIGN

CREATIVE DEGISN

Equitable design aims at designing for groups that have been historically underrepresented and addresses diverse identities, taking into consideration gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationality, and abilities.

The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. This is illustrated in my site though the drive and bicycle access, in addition to the pathways for walking.

The entire site is accessible though these three means of transportation to accommodate those who travel differently.

While I understand this site is in Ecuador and is generally hot, I have provided canopy-like structures to provide shade for those who may prefer not to spend their time in the sun.

Additionally, the steepest slope of the site is 5%, making it accessible by wheelchair without the need for railings/ guards.

This creative process to dismantle systems of oppression and (re)design towards liberation and healing by centering the power of communities historically impacted by the oppressive systems being (re)designed.

SIMPLE TRANSPORTATION

CYCLING

Boston acknowledges that its residents will always need to run errands, visit friends and commute to work.

As a result, the city has provided its people with an interconnected network of bike paths travelling through the city, making it easy to navugate through the hot spots in the city and common points of interest (ie. grocery stores, malls, etc.)

The map below illusrated this attempt of reducing the city’s carbon footprint.

COMMUNNITY ENGAGEMENT

“THE WALKING CITY”

• Boston is the 3rd most walkable large city in the US with 617,594 residents

• Most errands can be accomplished on foot

• Boston’s public transportation consista of approximately 115 bus, 12 rail, 3 subway, 5 light rail and 2 ferry lines

ARCHITECTURE

NEW ENGLAND

In New England, colonists departed from traditional European wattle and daub.

This was a direct result of the prevalence of local timber. In addition, New England homes were typically two stories with steep roofs, essential for shedding heavy snow loads, as the region acquires lots of snow in the winter months.

Central chimneys were also standard, being the most efficient way to heat these buildings during cold New England winters.

Today, surviving examples have almost all been restored to their early appearance and thus retain very little original material.

The National style, as it came to be known, became the universal fashion for public buildings, churches, banks, and town halls.

BOSTON STATISTICS

POPULATION

DEMOGRAPHIC

SUN SHADING CHARTS

These charts shows the sun’s bearing (along the bottom) and altitude (vertically) for every 15 minutes during the year in colored dots, as illustrated in the legend.

As seen in the charts below, the west facade sees the most sun and therefore would require the most intervention. However, be that as it may, I do not feel as though the amount of sun is problematic, as it is categorized in the comfort zone.

North

South

PSYCHROMETRICS CHART

ASHARE Standard 55-2004

COMFORTABILITY

This chart is one of the most powerful design tools in Climate Consultant.

It shows dry bulb temperature across the bottom and moisture content of the air up the side.

This vertical scale is also called absolute humidity and can be shown as the humidity ratio in pounds of water per pound of dry air (or grams of water per kilogram of dry air), or as the vapor pressure.

he curved line on the far left is the saturation line (100% Relative Humidity line) which represents the fact that at lower temperatures air can hold less moisture than at higher temperatures.

When analyzing this chart it is easy to understand that this site in Ecuador has 100% of indoor comfort, however there are still design guidelines to help ensure the right path is being kept.

DESIGN STRATEGIES

DESIGN STRATEGY #1

Heat gain from lights, people and equipment greatly reduces eating needs so keep home tight, well insulated (to lower Balance Point tempreature).

DESIGN STRATEGY #2

Glazing should minimize conductive loss and gain (minimize U-factor) because undesired solar radiation gain has less impact on this climate.

DESIGN STRATEGY #3

For passive solar heating face the most of the glass area north to maximize winter sun exposure, but desig overhangs to fully shade in summer

DESIGN STRATEGY #4

Traditional passive homes in cool overcast cliates used low mass tightly, well insulated construction to provide rapid heat build up in morning.

ECOLOGY

The ecology tab on the COTE Spreadsheet has provided me with some insight as to the constraints my site in Ecuador has.

A way to improve upon the vegetative contratins are to not demolish rural areas for urban development without factoring in sustainability. It is important to restore what we are taking - even partially can make a huge difference.

Adding greenspace and vegetation to our design (whether it’s in the building design or in amenity landscaping) it can help us to give back to the community.

The residents in Ecuador depend greatly on the natural environment for their health and livelihoods. A healthy environment supplies the necessities of life, like water, food and air. It also provides resources for economic growth and the means to fight natural hazards. The well-being of many countries, including Ecuador, can link their state of the natural environment and the opportunities it offers.

Acknowledging the land will aid in replanting native life, in order to keep true to the land and not include invasive species to the site.

ECONOMY

Currently, my building is approximately 80% efficient. The only areas for circulation are in the lobby, amenity spaces and the common areas. Be that as it may, my site has many amenity spaces associated with it, which increases the circulation of the community. In addition, the site is fully accessible by bike path, to encourage the residents and visitors to choose a greener option.

Primary Construction Materials: Concrete: $20/sf Brick: $50/sf Steel: $20/sf

Cost effective strategies impact overall design because as much as we try to fight it, everything comes down to dollar and cents. Being cost effective during the design process, material choosing, labour and construction will have a massive overall impact on how much a project can cost.

Last week’s assignment outlined that the estimated cost of my building is $4.7M (for only building cost). In this case, perhaps the cost of building materials cannot necessarily be taken down enough to create an impact, however, as long as the client is aware of the cost prior to construction – it will drive every factor of the project. This could lead to material changes, design changes (ie. podium parking as opposed to underground).

You could show a client a great sustainable product that is low maintenance and longlasting. However, the first thing they will ask is the cost.

Dollars and cents drive everything.

Figure1 : Daytime Heat Map

Figure2 : Nighttime Heat Map

Energy can be broken down into different categories within a building. The largest portion of energy consumption reveals itself in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), which embodies approximately 35% of the total building energy.

Lighting takes up approximately 11% of the total building energy. All the major appliances (water heating, refrigerators, freezers and dryers) are responsible for approximately 18% of the total building energy output, with the remaining 36% in miscellaneous aspects of the building.

Of course, these values vary based on the

building and the occupants – however, these are simply approximations of an energy analysis of a building.

RESULTS PER LIFE CYCLE STAGE - CONCRETE

Concrete, unfortunately, has a substantial environmental impact due to the cement causing emissions of carbon dioxide, a toxic greenhouse gas.

The environmental unfriendliness of this essential building material starts during production and will last until after it is disposed of.

In addition to the greenhouse gas emissions, concrete requires mass amounts of energy

and water to produce, pushing this notion of the unfriendliness. Be that as it may, it is important to understand that architects, designers and contractors do not stick with this building material for hundreds of years due to trivial concepts, like cost.

They have stuck with this building material for hundreds of years due to the strength and bearing capacity it allows. The aesthetic qualities, and variety of ways we can morph the visual appearance of concrete increases

its appeal.

Due to the very nature of concrete, it is one of the most unsustainable building materials out there, from production to transportation to installation to drying to excavation.

This material is very harmful to our atmosphere - however, it proves itself as one of the most useful building materials, which is why we have kept it in circulation for all these years.

RESULTS PER LIFE CYCLE STAGE - CONCRETE ITEMIZED DIVISION

The change from rural to urban settlements is often accompanied by a rapid change from the use of almost zero-energy renewable building materials such as earth, stone and thatch to higher-energy factory-made permanent materials such as brick and concrete.

Concrete comes from refining virgin ore found within the surface of the earth.

Construction companies often use these refined products to build buildings, homes, vehicles and smaller products such as household goods.

Concrete has a massive carbon footprint — at least 8% of global emissions caused by humans come from the cement industry alone.

We must decarbonize its production.

In industrialized countries, primary energy consumption in a typical cement plant is up to 75% fossil fuel and up to 25% electrical energy using a dry process.

RESULTS PER LIFE CYCLE STAGE - WOOD

Wood is a natural, renewable, and sustainable material for building, with a lighter carbon footprint than steel or concrete.

Maximizing wood use in both residential and commercial construction could remove an estimated 21 million tons of C02 from the atmosphere annually – equal to taking 4.4 million cars off the road.

Wood is one of the most sustainable and environmentally favourable construction materials available.

This is due to its; absorption of carbon dioxide while growing, adaptability as a product and recyclability or use as a biofuel.

Unlike many building materials (concrete, for instance), wood does not deplete the earth of its natural resources.

It’s a resource that more or less stands on its own, it can be grown and harvested over and over again.

RESULTS PER LIFE CYCLE STAGE - WOOD ITEMIZED DIVISION

The total global warming potential of a traditional building will be 20% higher than that of a modern building.

If local materials, such as wood, are used in building construction, the emissions from production and transportation could be dramatically reduced.

Reinforced concrete buildings are replacing traditional wood and stone masonry buildings in the region.

This may create a heat-island effect and thus add to regional warming.

Walls in traditional buildings produce the lowest emissions, almost equally distributed between the alkyd paint used on the wood surface.

The total contribution of wood used in modern buildings to global warming is slightly higher than that of wood used in traditional buildings.

EMBODIED CARBON IN CONSTRUCTION CALCULATOR

Figure1:Boxplot

(EC3)

Embodied carbon is the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with materials and construction processes throughout the whole lifecycle of a building or infrastructure.

It includes any CO2 created during the manufacturing of building materials (material extraction, transport to manufacturer, manufacturing), the transport of those materials to the job site, and the construction practices used.

Put simply, embodied carbon is the carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure project before it becomes operational.

It also refers to the CO2 produced maintaining the building and eventually demolishing it, transporting the waste, and recycling it.

Since concrete is the most abundant human-made material in the world, cement production creates approximately 7% of the

world’s CO2 emissions and is the largest contributor to embodied carbon in the built environment.

Figure2:ComparebyManufacturer

Figure3:ComparebyPlant Figure4:ComparebyProduct

The practice of architecture relying on the art and science of designing built environments with socially conscious systems and materials to promote a harmonious balance between physical, emotional, cognitive and spiritual well-being while regenerating the natural environment.

Human health, wellbeing and comfort are key design considerations that augment a foundation rooted in sustainable and regenerative design practices.

Focusing on minimizing health hazards by implementing design strategies that increase industrial hygiene, air filtration, water sanitation and so on.

These built environments seek to support optimal physical health and also include strategies such as Nudge Architecture to influence healthy behavior patterns.

RESOURCES

Operational carbon refers to the total from all energy sources used to keep our buildings warm, cool, ventilated, lighted and powered.

Typical energy sources for this purpose are electricity and natural gas, with occasional contributions from fuel oil, propane and wood.

In the building industry, embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions arising from the manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance, and disposal of building materials.

In contrast, operational carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions due to building

energy consumption.

Embodied carbon refers to carbon dioxide emitted during the manufacture, transport and construction of building materials.

CHANGE

Ecuador is at risk to several natural hazards, including floods, landslides, droughts, and earthquakes.

After floods, which are often associated with the El Niño phenomenon, landslides are the most frequent natural hazards in Ecuador.

Ecuador is vulnerable to a wide range of natural hazards such as volcanic and seismic activity, landslides, floods, storms, and the effects of the El Niño and La Niña climate phenomena.

It ranks thirteenth among countries most at risk for natural hazards and third in Latin America and the Caribbean (behind Peru and Haiti).

Most disasters strike without warning, but their impact can be reduced. A robust strategy can help Ecuadorians recover quickly when the next earthquake or flood threatens to impact their lives and their livelihoods.

Building commissioning comprises specific phases and activities for both new construction and existing buildings.

Whether commissioning new construction or existing buildings, the process includes many incremental activities, usually teambased functions that result in project-specific benefits and documentation.

Commissioning, used as a more forensic problem identification and solutions-based process, can be applied to an existing facility or system even if not initially commissioned.

Commissioning assists in the delivery of a project and helps to provide an efficient, safe and healthy facility; optimizes energy and water use; reduce operating costs; facilitate staff orientation and training; and improve installed building systems documentation and operations.

These functions can result in increased profitability in both facility and staff operations.

NORTH

Total Wall area: 30’ x 20’ = 600 sf Window Area: (2.5’ x 30’) + (2.5’ x 30’) = 150 sf WWR: 150 sf / 600 sf = 25%

EAST

Total Wall area: 20’ x 20’ = 400 sf Window Area: 6 (3’ x 6’) = 108 sf WWR: 108 sf / 400 sf = 27%

SOUTH

Total Wall area: 30’ x 20’ = 600 sf Window Area: (7’ x 30’) + (4’ x 30’) = 330 sf WWR: 330 sf / 600 sf = 55%

WEST

Total Wall area: 20’x 20’ = 400 sf Window Area: 6 (3’ x 6’) = 108 sf WWR: 108 sf / 400 sf = 27%

WWR

Total Wall area: (2 x 600 sf) + (2 x 400 sf) = 2,000 sf Window Area: 150 sf + 108 sf + 330 sf + 108 sf = 696 sf WWR: 34.8%

I plan on accommodating my plans and spatial design to have more access to natural lighting by, of course, increasing the amount of exterior glazing (windows, skylights, etc.), thereby reducing artificial lighting requirements and saving energy.

In addition, having the glazing facing South would ensure the most daylight to pass through the building, which would decrease the need for additional interior lighting.

Although I am aware the curtain wall design is not for everyone, there are many ways to incorporate glazing into buildings in a less “overdone” manner.

Having windows in a stairwell would really help to brighten it up (especially if the stairwell is a typical concrete exiting stair, which is often times bland and boring) – windows can add a little life to the space and opening it up.

This action, alone, will help to reduce the use of the awful fluorescents that are often placed in the stairwells.

The ratio that most closely matches my façade condition is the 75% glazing area.

Based on this ratio, alone, it is evident that I utilized the design of curtain walls in my design.

I felt as though my site being situated in Ecuador had a major factor in this decision making process due to the many hours of daylight that is received in this geographical area.

Curtain walls have the primary purpose of keeping air and water out of the building, essentially acting as both a buffer and an insulator.

Buildings that have curtain walls will be easier (and more affordable) to maintain, and will last longer in general, as they have this additional protective shield build in.

MY ECOLOGICAL & CARBON FOOTPRINT

United States Environmental Protection Agency.(2015,June1).CarbonFootprint Calculator|ClimateChange|USEPA.EPA. RetrievedJanuary30,2022,fromhttps:// www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/. GlobalFootprintNetwork.(n.d.).Howmany planetsdoesittaketosustainyourlifestyle? EcologicalFootprintCalculator.Retrieved January30,2022,fromhttps://www. footprintcalculator.org/en/results/0/solutions

United States of America: Department of Energy. (2015, September 4). An assessment of energy technologies and research ...

QUADRENNIAL TECHNOLOGY REVIEW: AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://www.energy. gov/sites/prod/files/2017/03/f34/qtr-2015chapter5.pdf

TERRAIN | HYDROLOGY | CLIMATE | CLIMATE CHANGE

Yamazaki,D.,Ikeshima,D.,Tawatari,R., &Kanae,S.(1970,January1).Newand betterglobalterrainelevationdataforglobal hydrologymodelling:Semanticscholar. TerrainandHydrology:UsesofElevationData. RetrievedApril18,2022,fromhttps://www. semanticscholar.org/paper/New-and-betterglobal-terrain-elevation-data-for-Yamazaki-Ike shima/4916787b035b79837e91d8226ccd85 dffbd4ceb9

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

ASHRAE.(2012,May23).ASHRAEWeather Data Center. Weather Data Center. Retrieved April18,2022,fromhttps://www.ashrae.org/ technical-resources/bookstore/weather-datacenter

SOLAR ACCESS

Krishnamurthy,R.(2015,October22). ChartingtheSun’smotioninrelationtoyour homeandpermaculturesite.ChartingThe Sun’s Motion In Relation To Your Home AndPermacultureSite.RetrievedApril18, 2022,fromhttps://www.permaculturenews. org/2015/10/23/charting-the-suns-motion-inrelation-to-your-home-and-permaculture-site/

CITATIONS

EQUITABLE DESIGN

Raghvani,V.(2021,August29).Designing forall:Buildinginclusiveandequitable experiences.DesigningforAll:Building InclusiveandEquitableexperiences.Retrieved April18,2022,fromhttps://uxplanet.org/ designing-for-all-building-inclusive-andequitable-experiences-4a6c9c8213cb

SIMPLE TRANSPORTATION

CityofBoston.(n.d.).Officialwebsite oftheCityofBoston.GettingAround Boston.RetrievedApril18,2022,from https://www.cityofboston.gov/students/ transportation/#:~:text=Boston%20is%20 a%20friendly%2C%20walkable,%2C%20 trolley%2C%20or%20water%20transportation

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

BostonPlanning&Development Agency.(n.d.).Ongoingreforms.Community Engagement.RetrievedApril18,2022,from http://www.bostonplans.org/about-us/ ongoing-reforms/community-engagement

ARCHITECTURE

Bilis,M.(2018,August3).The100best buildingsinBoston.The100BestBuildings inBoston.RetrievedApril18,2022,from https://www.bostonmagazine.com/ property/2018/07/25/100-best-bostonbuildings/

CITATIONS

BOSTON STATISTICS

UnitedStatesCensusBureau.(2010). U.S.CensusBureauquickfacts:Boston City,Massachusetts.QuickFacts:Boston, Massachusetts.RetrievedApril19,2022, fromhttps://www.census.gov/quickfacts/ bostoncitymassachusetts

CLIMATE CONSULTANT

THE SOCIETY OF BUILDING SCIENCE EDUCATORS.(2014).Climateconsultant. ClimateConsultant|SocietyofBuilding ScienceEducators.RetrievedApril18,2022, fromhttps://www.sbse.org/resources/ climate-consultant

PSYCHROMETRICS CHART

THE SOCIETY OF BUILDING SCIENCE EDUCATORS.(2014).Climateconsultant. ClimateConsultant|SocietyofBuilding ScienceEducators.RetrievedApril18,2022, fromhttps://www.sbse.org/resources/ climate-consultant

ECOLOGY

Orozco,E.(2021,February4).Whatisdesign strategyandwhydoyouneedit.Whyis DesignStrategyImportant.RetrievedApril 18,2022,fromhttps://uxdesign.cc/whatis-design-strategy-and-why-do-you-need-it8120b6eddbf3

CITATIONS

ECONOMY

United States Environmental Protection Ecuador.EcuadorEconomy:Population,GDP, Inflation,Business,Trade,FDI,Corruption. (n.d.).RetrievedApril18,2022,fromhttps:// www.heritage.org/index/country/ecuador

ENERGY

UnitedStatesofAmerica:Departmentof Energy.(2015,September4).Anassessment ofenergytechnologiesandresearch...

QUADRENNIALTECHNOLOGY REVIEW: AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Retrieved April19,2022,fromhttps://www.energy. gov/sites/prod/files/2017/03/f34/qtr-2015chapter5.pdf

TALLY - CONCRETE

NaturePublishingGroup.(2021,September 28).Concreteneedstoloseitscolossal carbonfootprint.NatureNews.Retrieved April26,2022,fromhttps://www.nature.com/ articles/d41586-021-02612-5#:~:text=But%20 concrete%20has%20a%20colossal,into%20 moulds%20before%20it%20dries.

Rodgers,L.(2018,December17).Climate change:ThemassiveCO2emitteryoumay notknowabout.BBCNews.RetrievedApril 26,2022,fromhttps://www.bbc.com/news/ science-environment-46455844

TALLY - WOOD

BBC.(n.d.).Couldwoodenbuildingsbea solutiontoclimatechange?BBCFuture. RetrievedApril26,2022,fromhttps://www. bbc.com/future/article/20190717-climatechange-wooden-architecture-concrete-globalwarming.

Dunbar,E.(2019,November9).Climate curious:Isburningwoodforheatcarbon neutral?MPRNews.RetrievedApril26, 2022,fromhttps://www.mprnews.org/ story/2019/11/09/climate-curious-is-burningwood-for-heat-carbon-neutral

CITATIONS

EC3

Welcome to the Embodied Carbon in ConstructionCalculator(EC3)Tool.EC3. (n.d.).RetrievedApril26,2022,fromhttps:// buildingtransparency.org/ec3

What is embodied carbon? CarbonCure TechnologiesInc.(2021,March29).Retrieved April26,2022,fromhttps://www.carboncure. com/concrete-corner/what-is-embodiedcarbon/#:~:text=Put%20simply%2C%20 embodied%20carbon%20is,the%20 waste%2C%20and%20recycling%20it.

WELLNESS

WellnessArchitecture&Design InitiativeTerminology,Definitions& Resources.GlobalWellnessInstitute.(2021, May7).RetrievedMay3,2022,fromhttps:// globalwellnessinstitute.org/initiatives/ wellness-architecture-design-initiative/ wellness-architecture-resources/.

RESOURCES

WellnessArchitecture&Design1EmbodiedCarbon101.CarbonLeadership Forum.(2021,November17).RetrievedMay 3,2022,fromhttps://carbonleadershipforum. org/embodied-carbon-101/.

CHANGE

Ecuador’sinnovativedisasterriskfinancing strategy,anessentialtoolforrespondingto disasterrisksandclimatechange.WorldBank Blogs.(n.d.).RetrievedMay3,2022,from https://blogs.worldbank.org/latinamerica/ ecuadors-innovative-disaster-risk-financingstrategy-essential-tool-responding

CITATIONS

DISCOVERY

Committee,theW.B.D.G.C.(n.d.).Building commissioning:Theprocess  . WBDG.RetrievedMay3,2022,fromhttps:// www.wbdg.org/building-commissioning.

ENVIRONMENTAL PORTFOLIO

SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS | TSM2001_2 TRISTAN SANTANGELO