WAR, REFUGE AND LEARNING

ERENA WILLIAMSON

DESCRIPTION Armed forces library, probably in the western Pacific region, 1943

MAKER / ARTIST Photographer unknown

REFERENCE Department of Internal Affairs, War History Branch Collection (PAColl-4161: 1/2-044866-F)

This well-stocked library was most likely located at an armed forces base camp rather than near the front, given the building’s reasonably substantial structure.

War and libraries seem curious bedfellows. However, during both world wars, not only were servicemen provided with libraries in training camps and hospitals, on ships and in combat zones, but librarians were also there to ensure the smooth running of these facilities. These libraries served a far wider purpose than simply recreation. Along with canteens and social clubs, they provided respite from the rigours of war, and they also were places of learning.

The government recognised the benefits of libraries for the armed forces, partly in response to repeated requests from servicemen for reading material. While the armed services supported the idea in principle, they did not contribute funds, although they did allow men to be seconded to administration and librarian roles when needed.

These libraries were, in fact, financed solely by public donation and through organisations such as patriotic societies, St John, the YMCA and the Red Cross. The benefits were seen as threefold. First, libraries provided much-needed relaxation during downtime. Second, magazines, periodicals and newspapers helped servicemen stay connected with life at home and were therefore an important boost for morale. And third, books were used for education and training purposes.

Encouraged by the government, many in the armed forces grabbed the opportunity to undertake study or vocational training courses. Others continued working towards university degrees, mindful of the need to prepare for post-war life back home.

Newspaper articles published during both global wars attest to the gratitude the troops felt for the reading material provided, and people at home worked hard to satisfy their ongoing needs. This photograph shows a well-provisioned and organised library, probably somewhere in the Pacific. The librarian in charge has clearly done their best to make this a peaceful and inviting space, despite the conditions—although these are luxurious compared with those in combat zones.

One library operating during the Pacific War that we do know about was located in New Caledonia. It was part of the first overseas branch of the New Zealand Army Education and Welfare Service. This library alone held more than 6000 books, magazines and other types of reading material. Printing facilities were often housed near or as part of libraries, where administration staff produced their own newspapers and magazines to add to library collections.