Restorative Land: Rural Economic and Ecology

Songkhla Rajabhat University Satun Campus La-Ngu District

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Tha-Pae District

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a-P Th tric Dis to ffic e6 km

Mueng Satun District

SHRIMP FARMING IN THAILAND’S PENINSULA

Shrimp farming in the Thailand’s peninsula provides a fascinating example of how the global trade in commodities such as shrimp can cause extremely rapid shrifts in land use and resource allocation within tropical developing nations. These shifts can have profound implications for the long-term integrity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and represent a significant challenge to government agencies attempting to manage land and water resources within mangrove ecological area.

Central 3.50%

East 9.50%

East coast Southern 12.00%

Rich Mangrove Restored Mangrove

West coast Southern 75.00%

Shrimp Farming Central 29.50%

East 23.35%

Operated Shrimp Farming 67,00% 400,000 Rai

East coast Southern 30.15%

West coast Southern 17.00%

Abandoned Shrimp Farming33.00% 200,000 Rai

Reference: Marine Shrimp Culture Research and Development Insitute http://www.shrimpaqua.com/index.php/about-us Department of Marine and Coastal Research http://www.entral.co.th/en/products.php?bybrand=y&brand=4653&brandname=CARLO BASANO

Built-up Area

10 km 1:200000

Preserved Mangrove Area

Tung Rin Temple

Tung Rim Secondary School

Mosque Health Station

Seafood Market

trict market

Route to dis

by

bo

at

Community Pier

Operated Shrimp Farming

Sa to d oo

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Site located on the place where used to be mangrove ecosystems. So, the site and context are so sensitive and influented by tides and coastal currents these bring varriation to the forest and where plants and animal adapt to changing chemical, physical and ecological characteristics of their environment. The boundaries of this littoral ecosystem can be reasonably defined by the terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems that border it. In the case of mangrove ecosystems there is clearly a need to conserve pristine areas both to preserve biodiversity, to protect the genetic resource, and to provide aews for scientific study. However, this ex-mangrove area has been changed to aquacultural to serve human. The arriving of shrimp farming on early 1993 had destroyed mangrove ecosystem and input new infrastructure, pond pattern for shrimp breeding and built-up area expanding.

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EXISTING AND SURROUNDING

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Preserved Mangrove Area

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Preserved Mangrove Area

Degenerated Shrimp Farming

Degenerated Mangrove

SHRIMP CULTURE IMPACT The site and context are so sensitive and influented by tides and coastal currents these bring varriation to the forest and where plants and animal adapt to changing chemical, physical and ecological characteristics of their environment. Unfortunately, there mangrove area has been changed to aquacultural to serve human. The arriving of shrimp farming on early 1993 had destroyed mangrove ecosystem and input new infrastructure, pond pattern for shrimp breeding and built-up area expanding.

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

9,672.77 Bath/Month 116,073.34 Bath/Year

2003 (2546)

OCCUPATION TREND

2557, 56% Income was decresed.

2546, Before Shrimp Business was out of business.

2004 (2547)

OCCUPATION TREND

5,672 Bath/Month 68,464 Bath/Year

2005 (2548)

2006 (2549)

2007 (2550)

OCCUPATION TREND

2008 (2551)

2009 (2552)

2010 (2553)

2011 (2554)

OCCUPATION TREND

2012 (2555)

2013 (2556)

2014 (2557)

OCCUPATION TREND

PARTICIPANTS

+ GOVERMENT OFFICES

POPULATION

POPULATION

POPULATION + LABOR

POPULATION + LABOR

POPULATION

RICH ESTUARINE ECOLOGY

TUNG RIN SETTLEMENT

SHRIMP FARMING ESTABLISHING

SHRIMP FARMING EXPANSION

TUNG RIN AS SHRIMP FARMING COMMUNITY

FALL OF SHRIMP FARMING

The past location had been rich mangrove forest and estuary ecology where sediment was collected here.

The rich estuary ecology provided the great source of food, so there was appropriate to let human settled and becoming the biggest fishery village in Satun

Natural mangrove forest was destroyed by shrimp farm aquaculture that was establises in West side of Southen of Thailand on 1993.

The economic succession of Shrimp farming business provide exoansion of shrimp farming landuse.

The expanded shrimp business need more labors, there is reason people had immigated to Tung Ring for getting their job. So, the community had been continuously grown up.

90% farming in site was closed because lossing in bussiness after 2008 Shrimp virus had scoraged around Thailand So, shrimp product was decreased.

Natural Resource Man-made

Reference: Royal Thai Survey Department Pollution Control ADepartment http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/en_reg_std_water04.html#s11

1995

2002

2009

2013

MANGROVE ECOLOGical context

Laridae

Chelon tade

Greater Sand Plover

Sardinella Albella

Avicennia alba

Sonneratia alba J

Rhizophora apiculata

Rhizophora mucronata

Ceriops tagal

Xylocarpus granatum

Azadirachta indica

Tamarindus indica

แสมขาว

ลำ�พูทะเล

โกงกางใบเล็ก

โกงกางใบใหญ่

โปรงแดง

ตะบูนขาว

สะเดา

มะขาม

Whimbrel

Foraminifera

Mollusk Larvae

Sesarma

Scylla Serrata

Penaeus merguiensis Iisognomon Ephippium

Periophthalmodon Schlosseri

Penaeus merguiensis

Lates calcarifer Cyclopoid Copepod

Ko Yai series: Koy Coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, isohyperthermic Typic Tropaquepts

Sai Buri series: Bu Fine-silty, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Aquic Kandiudults

Tha Kua Thung series: Tkt Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, acid, isohyperthermic Typic Sulfaquents

ESTUARY

MUD FLAT

COASTA ZONE

MIDDLE ZONE

INLAND ZONE

SHRIMP FARMING

Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments and are subject to both marine influences--such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water--and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflows of both sea water and fresh water provide high levels of nutrients in both the water column and sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world.

Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats, are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries. Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and marine animal detritus. Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily.

The coastal zone is the zone closest to the sea, also known as the Avicennia/ Sonneratia zone. Trees here are most resistant to the salty water. Trees here have aerial roots. These roots resembles pencils sticking out of the ground and are also known as pencil-like roots. These roots help the trees saty firmly rooted to the ground and absorb oxygen. These roots are grown in a way where when the high tide comes, the roots are just right above the water. This enables them to absorb oxygen even when the high tide comes in.

The middle zone is the zone in between the other two zones, also known as the Rhizophora zone. Trees there have prop roots. These roots are long and branch out from the middle of trees. They are usually seen growing out in great numbers. Similar to the aerial roots, prop roots too, help the trees hold them firmly to the ground and absorb oxygen. These roots are branched out in a large area which is how they help trees stay firmly rooted to the ground.

The inland zone is the zone furtherest away from the sea. Trees here are the least resistant to the salty water. Trees here have kneed roots. These roots are called kneed roots because they resemble knees. They too provide support and absorb oxygen for the trees.

Natural mangrove forest was destroyed by shrimp farm aquaculture that was establises in West side of Southen of Thailand on 1993.

Reference: http://welovemangrovetrees.wordpress.com/structure-of-mangrove-forest/ http://www.mangrove.or.jp/isme/english/books/educational-series.book2.pdf

AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL AREA measurement BASED ON Land Development Department RECOMMENDATION.

20% Community Supply

80% Earning 2.8 Million Bath/Year 218 Rai of total project area is appropriated to develop as agricultural field. By the reason, no tidel condition effects this area and most of functionless is degenerated shrimp ponds these have been closed since 2546.

Community Supply Earning 0.96 Million Bath/Year from rice product, and 1.1 Million Bath/Year from bean products.

Biodiesel Product save 0.18 Million Bath/Month

Earning 82,500 Bath/Month

30% ORCHARD There is cultivation of Salt tolerant speicies that can grown up in where currently affected by salinity and further degradation. It has become imperative to explore the possibilities of increasing potential of these (saline) lands for increased production of crops.

10% BUILD-UP AREA 218 Rai of total project area is appropriated to develop as agricultural field. By the reason, no tidel condition effects this area and most of functionless is degenerated shrimp ponds these have been closed since 2546.

30% COMMUNITY SUPPLY There is cultivation of Salt tolerant rice that can grown up in where currently affected by salinity and further degradation. It has become imperative to explore the possibilities of increasing potential of these (saline) lands for increased production of crops.

10% WATERING SUPPLY 20% ENERGY PLANTS

10 % Water supply can collect enough water quantity for agriculture 81,087.7 m3.

Espectially, there is southern climate that have continuous rainning almost all year.

Reference: http://repository.seafdec.org.ph Surtida, M. B. (2000). Silvofisheries in Indonesia. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture

INCREASED HOUSEHOLD INCOME According the proposed, bringing back economic value to degenerate shrimp farm and increasing income are concerned project. So, this diagram show the income in differrence of time and the appropiate income is set to be goal in project development.

2014, Afer Shrimp Business was collapse.

2003, Before Shrimp Business was collapse.

290.25 USD/Month 3,483.40 USD/Year

287.51 USD/Month 3,450.14 USD/Year

2003 (2546)

2004 (2547)

375.36 USD/Month 4,504.23 USD/Year

168.59 USD/Month 2,035.01 USD/Year

2005 (2548)

2006 (2549)

2007 (2550)

2008 (2551)

2009 (2552)

2010 (2553)

2011 (2554)

2012 (2555)

2013 (2556)

2014 (2557)

GOAL

cooperative system Cooperatives are member-owned, member-governed businesses that operate for the benefit of their members according to common principles agreed upon by the international cooperative community. In co-ops, members pool resources to bring about economic results that are unobtainable by one person alone. Most simply put, a cooperative is a business 1) voluntarily owned by the people who use it, and 2) operated for the benefit of its members. Regardless of the goods and services provided, co-ops aim to meet their members’ needs.

Community Supply

RICE MARKETING

ORCHARD

FRUITS

CENTRAL COOPERATIVE PROCESSING FARM EXTENTION

INCOME

FARM SUPPLY Silvofishery

SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

SEA FOOD

COMMUNITY SUPPLY Energy Plant

OIL PALM AND BIODIESEL

MEMBER EDUCATION SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Reference: http://seward.coop/coop/whatisacoop

RESULT

SITE DEVELOPMENT

1 Community Center 2 Cooperative Office 3 Product Trabformation and Workshop 4 Agricultural Product QC Area 5 Fishery Product Exchange Area 6 Agricultural Product Exchange Area 7 Parking Rots 8 Preserved Shrimp Farm Character 9 Soil Reclamation Reserch Center 10 Soil Reclamation Experiment 11 Agricultural Learining Center 12 Equipment Storage 13 Salt Tolerant Crops Experiment 14 Community Shop 15 Outdoor Market Space 16 Community Canteen 17 Community Food Supply 18 Equipment Storage 19 Agriculturist Housing 20 Sala 21 Agriculturist Station 22 Orchard Learning Station 23 Rotation Crops 24 Breeding and Nursery for Plant Trading 25 Learning Station 26 Fertilizer and Equipment Storage 27 Contact Building 28 Product Storage

44

46 46

30 31

29

46

28

2 15

14

3

1

18

24

9

23

PHASE 1 DEVELOPMENT+RECLAMATION 0 - 2 YEARS Water Catchment

nd

la Wet

Community Supply

nd

Community Station Storage and Maintanance Community Pier Fishery Station Fishery in Floating Platform Learning Point View Point Tower Charcoal Production Product Storage Stormwater Catchment Existing Water Catchment Oil Palm Fields Orchard Type I Orchard Type II Silvofishery Area Mangrove Restoration Area Mangrove Restoration Research Mangrove Information Center Mangrove Nursery Parking Rots

la Wet

Oil Palm

Water Catchment

Future

Future

Agricultural Research

Orchard

Water Catchment

Orchard Mangrove Restoration Type A

Organic Shrimp Farming Development Area Silvofishery Development Area Research

Mangrove Restoration Type B Mangrove Restoration Type A

SOIL RECLAMATION MANGROVE RESTORATION PHASE 2 LEARNING+CONNECTION 3 - 6 YEARS

Agriculture And Silvofishery Route

12

17

e

rag

Sto

Central Area

45

11

13

19

Mill / Biodiesel Production Biomass Fertilizer Production Oil Palm Learning Station Oil Palm Nursery Silvofishery Information Silvofishery Research and Learning

10

16

20

25

6

4

26

27

8

7 5

32

29 30 31 32 33 34 Station 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

45

Mangrove Learning And Ecotourism Route (650 m)

Water Catchment

nd

la Wet

Research And Restoration Route (960 m)

21

Community Supply

Oil Palm

nd

22

la Wet

54 47

51

ing

arn

Le

Oil Palm

rSto e ag ing arn Le tion Sta e rag Sto

Learning Center

52

Water Catchment

Central Area Agriculturist Housing

53

Future

Agricultural Research

Water Catchment

Oil Palm

40

Mangrove Re. Learning

Orchard

Community Checkpoint

Mangrove Nursery Mangrove Restoration Type A

Silvofishery Development Area

40

Silvofishery Development Area Research

48

42

43

Mangrove Restoration Type A

40

49 33

34

40

50

35

49

36

LEARNING PROGRAM + ECOTOURISM 40

PHASE 3 BLENDING 7 YEARS OVER

40 40

37

Water Catchment

49

nd

la Wet

38

Oil Palm

Oil Palm

nd

la Wet

39

ing arn Le tion Sta e rag Sto

Oil Palm

Learning Center

40

ing arn Le tion Sta e rag Sto

Water Catchment

Community Supply

Central Area Agriculturist Housing

Agricultural Research

Oil Palm

Future Water Catchment

41

Mangrove Re. Learning Orchard

Community Checkpoint

Mangrove Nursery

Mangrove Restoration Type A Station

Silvofishery Development Area Silvofishery Development Area Research

Organic Shrimp Learning

Mangrove Restoration Type A

Mangrove Restoration Type B

LEARNING EXPANSION

SOIL RECLAMATION PROCESS IN FUTURE AGRICULTURAL AREA RECLAMATION STAGES (6 Months - 1.5 Years)

STAGE 2 SOIL STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT Let the tractor make make pervious soil is not compacted. To allow more infiltration and aeration. Then mixing mold soil with chemical Gypsum that have important proporty to decrease Na componant in soil (28 Days), finally Inlet storm water to detain to improve soil structure for 7 days.

STAGE 1 PREPARING Drainage detained water and move oild mud sediment in the degenerated shrimp pond.

STAGE 3 N RECLAMATION By seeding legume species and mixing with organic fertilizer, this species can improve the quality of the organic matter is importantfor nutrient cycling and availability for succeeding or intercropped species on these substrates.

AGRICULTURAL STAGES

RECOMMEND กข.1, กข.7

STAGE 4A PADDY FILEDS salt tolerant CROPS

Banana

Guna

Rose Apple

Papaya

Mango

Ramboten

STAGE 4B ORCHARD ON RIDGE SYSTEM Longkong

Neem

Cassod Tree

Date Palm

Oil Palm

Reference: http://repository.seafdec.org.ph Surtida, M. B. (2000). Silvofisheries in Indonesia. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture http://www.asla.org/2011awards/217.html

CULTIVATION PATTERN IN STAFE 4B

The mixed cultivation was proposed in this stage. To make variety of plants in orchard and increase possibility of higher income.

COMMUNITY PROGRAMS This project provide new central activity area for Tung Rin agriculturists who are main users of this project.

There are new functions serving new local office, providing open space for cultivate festival on each season or special gathering events. According to main users is Tung Rin agriculturists, their participation run the development going on by a cooperative system. This system provide central product management to mange product harvesting, product collection, quality control and trading. Then, central cooperative will manage total income before separate that to agriculturist members.

OUTDOOR MARKET AND COMMUNITY CANTEEN

3

3

4 6

Calophyllum inophyllum L

Barringtonia asiatica

Cerbera odollm

4

3

1

1

4

1

2

Motorbike And Bike Parking

1

Cooperative Office

1

Vegetable Plots

1

Agriculturist Housing

3

Parking Rots

2

Community Gathering Space

2

Equipment Storage

2

Sala

4

Outdoor Market Space

3

Community Center

3

Community Canteen

3

Gathering Space

7 5

Community Shop

4

Main Equopment Storage

4

Community Shop

4

Sport Area

6

Community Canteen

Main Entrance and Oil Palm Area

Sueda maritima

Cocos nucifera L.

2 3

2

5 1

Terminalia catappa

AGRICULTURIST’S HOUSING

1 2

2

Tamarindus indica

COMMUNITY FOOD SUPPLY

COMMUNTY CENTER AND GATHERING SPACE

7

Senna siamea Lam.

Vegetable Plots

2 4 2

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND TRADING PROGRAMS Additional proposed programs, the project can be pilot project that provide soil reclamation for Salt-tolerant agriculture, Mangrove restoration, Silvofishery and development in degenerated shrimp farm land that has expanded in Thailand coastal. So, this project can provide variety learning programs aim to adaptive strategies of reclamation, restoration and local economic development. These learning program will be open for agriculturists from other community register for learning inside before back to their degenerated land and adapt their knowledge to own land.

RECLAIMATION RESEARCH CENTER

AGRICULTURAL LEARNING CENTER

Sporobolus virginicus

Sporobolus virginicus

Distichlis spicata

Spartina patens

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TRADING AREA AND COOPERATIVE OFFICE

Azadirachta indica

Sueda maritima

Parkia speciosa

Cocos nucifera L.

PLANT TRADING AND OIL PALM LEARNING STATION

1 1

2 3

2

1

3

1

2 4

3

2 3 4

4

6

Welcome Trail

1

Soil Reclaimation Research Center

Soil Reclaimation Research Center

2

Vine Cover Trail

Activity Space Soil Reclaimation Experiment

Welcome Trail (Preseved old shrimp pond characteristics)

7

5

4

1

5

6 3

2

4

3 4

Soil Reclaimation Experiment Agricultural Learning Center

1

Cooperative

5

Production Tranformation Factory

1

Oil Palm Field

7

Oil Palm Nursery

2

Fishery Product Exchange Area

6

Workshop

2

Mill / Biodiesel Production

8

Contract Building

3

Agricultural Product Exchange Area

7

Parking Rots

3

Storage

9

Storage

4

Agricultural Product QC Area

4

Biomass Collection

10

Learning Station

5

Fertilizer Production

11

Breeding and Nursery Area

6

Learning Station

Vine Cover Trail and Soil Reclaimation Experiment

Rotation Plants Breeding and Nursery Area

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF MANGROVE RESTORATION

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IV

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES III

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES II

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES I

Degenerate Aquaculture

Restored Mangrove (3-6 Years)

Rich Functional Mangrove (7-11 Years)

The long shape of shrimps ponds are perpendicular with coastal.

Dike destruction to let the tidal sea water and can flood to degenerated ponds, and using bamboo wall to protect erosion of mud flat seashore.

A newly estabished plantation of Rhizophora mucronata at 2.00x2.00 m spacing on land only flooded by spring tides

Rhizophora mucronata planted on land only flooded by spring tides have grown

Naturelike mangrove forest provided area for eco-aquaculture that friendly related to ecology.

Naturelike mangrove forest provided new habitates and increasing biodiversity.

The shrimps farming area did not located facing to the sea. So, canal is the improtant feature to drainge to farm.

Dike destruction to let the tidal sea water and can flood to degenerated ponds.

A newly estabished plantation of Rhizophora mucronata at 2.00x2.00 m spacing on land only flooded by spring tides

Rhizophora mucronata have grown on seperated plot that depended on old pond dike.

Naturelike mangrove forest provided benefit area for context community.

Eco-education trail is new feature for mangrove restoration learning.

The shrimps farming area is perpendicular with coastal.

Dike destruction to let the tidal sea water and can flood to degenerated ponds.

A newly estabished plantation of Rhizophora mucronata at 1.80x1.80 m spacing on created mudbank

Rhizophora mucronata have grown on seperated plot that depended on old pond dike.

Silvofisheries is a form of low input aquaculture integrating mangrove tree culture with brackishwater aquaculture.

This approach to use and at the same time conserve mangroves maintains that while mangroves remain healthy, the economic benefits of brackishwater aquaculture can be realized.

The long shape of fish ponds are perpendicular with coastal.

Dike destruction to let the tidal sea water and can flood to degenerated ponds.

Let marshland growed to preparing land and biomass for plantation.

Reference: http://repository.seafdec.org.ph Surtida, M. B. (2000). Silvofisheries in Indonesia. SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture http://www.asla.org/2011awards/217.html

A newly estabished plantation of Rhizophora mucronata at 1.80x1.80 m spacing on created mudbank (Old pond were quite deep for plantation).

Native species planted on land only flooded by spring tides have grown

Restore and re-populate various types of habitats to recreate various eco-systems that existed here historically.

silvofisheries approach

The silvofishery approach combines mangrove planting with diversified aquaculture.

This means that surrounding the shrimp ponds mangroves are planted, providing a more natural habitat, which in return also attacts wild shrimp to come into the pond.

The species diversification leads to a more varied income. Furthermore, the mangroves provide a barrier for coastal protection and a habitat for other animal species.

SILVOFISHERY MODELS MODEL A

MODEL B

MODEL C

MODEL D

Mixed Silvofishery system In mixed Silvofishery system, the dikes are covered with mangroves and so correspond most closely to the natural ecosystem of the mangrove forest.

HABITAT MUD BANK - The dykes are shaded.

- Pleasant walking - Shade for fish - Extra income from livestock - Bank are strong, held by roots of mangrove tree.

ORGANIC SHRIMP SYSTEM In separate Silvofishery system, the shrimp ponds are located along natural waterways, usually in the front area of the farm, while the mangroves thrive in a separate area in the rear, a part of the farm.

The good quality shrimp that are safe for consumers.

And, environmentally friendly, optimize and sustain natural resources to produce extra income.

Sediment Management.

Outlet Effluent Mangrove Forest Filtration Systems Sediment Collective Pond Reference: http://www.wetlands.org/Whatwedo/Ouractions/tabid/2661/mod/601/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/2447/Restoring-abandoned-shrimp-ponds-in-Indonesia.aspx

http://www.silvofishery.com/

Aerotion Pond

MANGROVE LEARNING AND ECOTORISM ROUTE

MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY ZONE

Distance 650 meters

COASTAL ZONE

B

A

MIDDLE ZONE

INLAND ZONE

D

C Silvofishery Bank

Main Chanel Flow To Estuary Mangrove Nurseries

+4.00 +1.50

Inland Zone

+3.00

Silvofishery Bank

Silvofishery Bank

Information Station

+4.00

Walkable Ridge

A short mangrove learning trial serve education group including, students, ecotorism. This route provide learnig activities and let users participate with mangrove restoration and local people in silvofishery area and recreation activity such as bird watching and high-tide kayaking.

+2.00

Silvofishery Bank

+3.00

Walkable Ridge

View Point Tower

+3.75

+2.00

+1.00

Silvofishery Bank

View Point Tower

MHWS +3.22 MSL

MLWS +0.45

RESEARCH AND RESTORATION ROUTE

MANGROVE BIODIVERSITY ZONE

Distance 960 meters

COASTAL ZONE

F

E

MIDDLE ZONE

H

G

Information Station

+4.00

Silvofishery Bank

+5.00

+3.50

+3.00

+1.00

Walkable Ridge

FLOATING PLATFORM

A longer mangrove trial that is privated provide function for official research group , silvofishery area for local people who work in this site. This trial will be developed on phase 3 (7 years over) to access the bigget patch of mangrove reforestation for preservation in the future.

Walkable Ridge

INLAND ZONE

+2.50

Silvofishery Bank

+400

+2.50

Fishery Floating Platform

+4.00

MHWS +3.22 MLWS +0.45

Walkable Ridge

Silvofishery Bank

Chanel Flow