FEATURE – Technology-First Approach For Light Metals Innovation
TechnologyFirst Approach For Light Metals Innovation Source: Sally Wood Light metals are a gamechanger in Australia’s renewables future.
These low density and cost-effective alternatives boast a strength-toweight ratio that is not matched by other materials. They are crucial for a range of engineering solutions in land, sea, air, and space transportation. In fact, researchers have discovered that a 10% weight reduction in today’s vehicles delivers a 6% fuel economy improvement. The average vehicle in North America is estimated to contain around 208kg of aluminium,and approximately 10kg of magnesium. These materials have a long usage history in the automotive sector. However, the next generation of thinkers believe there are a suite of lighter materials for improved performance and reduced costs in the sector. Similarly, light alloys are critical for the aerospace industry, where approximately 70% of commercial aircraft airframes are made from aluminium alloys. In fact, the Wright brothers used aluminium for the engine parts on their first flight in 1903. This was also the first time that an aluminium alloy had been heat-strengthened. But the jumbo jets of today are flying further and carrying a greater payload, which means they demand more consideration about the materials being used. Even when one kilogram of metal is saved in the design of an aircraft, it can lead to crucial economic savings in terms of weight, construction spending and fuel use. Specifically, aluminium, magnesium, and titanium are light metals with commercial importance for local 48 | JUNE 2022
manufacturers. These metals, and their alloys, are the three most common metals used in industrial systems. They also have a wide range of commercial benefits. For example, aluminium is one of the most versatile materials, while titanium is resistant against corrosion.
Aluminium Alloys In the world of materials science and manufacturing, aluminium is a proven winner. The metal boasts wide fabrication abilities by forming, machining, or welding. These lightweight, non-ferrous metals also offer corrosion resistance and strength.
Magnesium Alloys When combined with another alloying metal, like copper, zinc, or aluminium, magnesium alloys offer lightweight possibilities that are crucial in the manufacturing sector. Their decent ductility, fair corrosion resistance, and moderate strength means they have been used in several industries and applications like aerospace and marine. Crucially, pure magnesium is highly flammable. Although it is challenging to ignite, this remains a key concern for some sectors. Flame temperatures of magnesium and some magnesium alloys can reach up to 3,100°C.
Titanium Alloys
Aluminium also offers electrical and thermal conductibility, which is a key consideration for researchers and commercial partners alike.
Titanium alloys are known for their lightweight, resistance to corrosion and their strong capacity to withstand extreme temperatures.
Its durability is also met with versatility, as aluminium is present in almost every industrial and commercial device.
Titanium is typically alloyed with tiny amounts (6% and 4%) of aluminium and vanadium—a concoction that has a solid solubility, depending on the temperature.
However, like many metals, aluminium has a downfall. The metal has a low melting temperature (660°C), which limits the maximum temperature in certain applications.
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Australia has 51% of the world's known titanium ore deposits, which positions researchers to take advantage of the nation’s vast manufacturing capabilities. WWW.MATERIALSAUSTRALIA.COM.AU
