April-June 2021 edition of Livestock & Poultry Middle East magazine

APRIL - JUNE 2021

INTERVIEW MANURE MANAGEMENT

DISINFECTANTS FEED SOLUTIONS

ANIMAL

NUTRITION

POULTRY RESEARCH-EQUINE

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2 CONTENTS

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NEWS 04

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EVENT UPDATES

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MANURE MANAGEMENT

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DISINFECTANTS 26 FEED ADDITIVES

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FEED SOLUTIONS

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PET FOODS

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FEED MIXERS 32 ANIMAL HEALTH 33 ANIMAL NUTRITION 34 WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS 36 EGG GRADING

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POULTRY 38 FISH FARMING 40

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38 Editor Matthews Matthew

Associate Editors Megha Mary Matt Jessie Jorge

Contributors Dr. Hansel Geo Thomas Neville J. Chandler

Published by Matt Media© (USA) LLC 2021

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EQUINE 42 Cover Photo Courtesy: Larson Acres Inc., USA

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Email: info@livestockmiddleeast.com | gulfag@emirates.net.ae Livestock & Poultry Middle East & Asia is designed to serve the fast growing livestock and poultry sectors in the Asia and Middle East region by providing the expert information to our readers in our four comprehensive issues in a year. It is circulated throughout Middle East region and worldwide in addition to the extra distribution at various Livestock, Poultry, Aquaculture and Agriculture Shows. The magazine provides editorial coverage on a wide range of topics which are of interest to industry professionals.

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APRIL-JUNE 2021

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4

News MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENT VACCINATES 7.7 MILLION FARM ANIMALS IN 2020 The Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE) announced that it has vaccinated 7,717,000 sheep, goats, and other cattle against highly contagious diseases that caused economic losses in 2020. This figure represents a noticeable 20 percent increase over 2019, despite the movement restrictions in 2020 due to COVID-19 precautionary measures.

Notably, MOCCAE runs a year-long animal vaccination drive in collaboration with key local authorities, as part of the

free veterinary services it offers to livestock breeders in its 20 veterinary clinics across the UAE. These clinics comprise 735 veterinarians, including 324 that specialize in animal health, 398 in food safety, and 13 in veterinary labs.

His Excellency Eng Saif Al Shara, Assistant Undersecretary for the Sustainable Communities Sector and Acting Assistant Undersecretary for the Food Diversity Sector at MOCCAE, said: “Maintaining the health of local livestock is crucial to achieving the national

priority of enhancing food security and sustainability.

To ensure this priority is met, we joined forces with the local authorities to develop a national animal health plan, based on the criteria of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The plan aims to enhance the status of animal health in the UAE and strengthen the confidence of trade partners in the UAE’s animal products. This will help the UAE’s products to make further inroads into new markets.”

INNOVATIVE CRUSHING ROLLER MILL WITH CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION RATIOS – FOR IMPROVED ANIMAL WELFARE AND ANIMAL HEALTH For many years, animal welfare, animal health and animal nutrition have been a core topic at AMANDUS KAHL. Based on this, the development of a new roller mill was promoted, which is ahead of its time. The crushing roller mill with individual drive not only enables different feeding needs of the animals to be covered, but also the individual components to be prepared in an age-appropriate manner.

This also includes cereals such as rye and barley, which were previously considered difficult to process with a roller mill.

In modern livestock farming, feed formulae based on cereals

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and legumes are used. These are difficult to digest as intact grains, as husks of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose protect the valuable ingredients of the seeds and grains. Only through crushing or grinding do ingredients such as starch and proteins become available to the digestive enzymes. An established crushing machine for this application is the crushing roller mill.

Basically, the crushing roller mill is characterised by low energy consumption during crushing. The machine is equipped with very few wear parts and requires very little maintenance. Unlike a hammer

mill, the crushing roller mill does not require aspiration.

The KAHL crushing roller mill, which has proven itself many times in practice, is now also available with individual drives for each roller. This results in more flexibility for individual feed compositions.

In the crushing roller mill with individual drive, frequencycontrolled individual drives replace the previous reduction gear. The new drive design enables continuous adjustment of the roller speed during operation, another important parameter – in addition to gap adjustment – for optimising the grinding result.

APRIL-JUNE 2021

PROBLEM

Shifting from Traditional to Battery Cages will be challenging in manure management Low moisture content Manure are collected by batch Due to low moisture content, handling and processing will be easy

High moisture content Must take out manure everyday Improper management can generate flies and cause serious odor problems.

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Final Product Pelletized and uniform size

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VIDEO

6 NEWS

DE HEUS SELLS POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSES VAN MIERT TO CLAZING Royal De Heus has signed a conditional agreement with Poultry Slaughterhouse Clazing.

The agreement implies that Clazing takes over the poultry slaughterhouses of Van Miert and Mieki Hunsel from De Heus. As a result of the agreement, De Heus acquires a minority stake in Clazing.

With this step, the slaughter capacity is safeguarded. Hereby, a slaughterhouse combination has been created with a positive future outlook. The proposed transaction has yet to be approved by the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM).

In order to maintain a healthy broiler sector, it is important that sufficient slaughter capacity remains in the Netherlands. To contribute to

the preservation of this slaughter capacity, De Heus recently took over the slaughterhouses of Van Miert and Mieki Hunsel.

De Heus primarily aims to focus on it score activity; the production of animal feeds. De Heus has found the right partner with Clazing to take over its stake in Van Miert’s slaughterhouses. With this step, two leading poultry slaughterhouses are brought together, leading to a combination with a bright future perspective.

Poultry slaughterhouses Clazing and Van Miert will continue their own company strategy under the joint leadership of the Clazing brothers and Jerry van Miert.

The management will look for opportunities that both companies

will strengthen each other. Both slaughterhouses of Van Miert in Breukelen and Hunsel remains in operation.

As a minority shareholder in the new combination, De Heus will not actively take part in day-to-day management. This set-up enables the ‘broiler planning’ of De Heus Voeders to continue cooperation with all other slaughterhouses.

COBB AND AL-WATANIA POULTRY SET TO DOUBLE PRODUCTION, BRINGING MORE QUALITY PROTEIN TO THE MIDDLE EAST Cobb-Vantress, Inc. and its longstanding partner Al-Watania Poultry are celebrating continued expansion in the Middle East.

Following investments in hatcheries, grandparent operations, and distribution, the companies are set to produce 4 million Cobb500™ parent stock per year starting in 2021. This is a 100% increase in production from the previous year and is expected to increase food security in Saudi Arabia and the surrounding Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries.

“Supporting the Middle East with

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quality products and expertise is a top priority for Cobb as part of our mission to make quality protein accessible, healthy, and affordable worldwide,” said Pelayo Casanovas, vice president of Cobb-Vantress EMEA and Asia-Pacific. “Cobb and Al-Watania Poultry are like one family, and this continued growth indicates the strength of our collaboration.”

Al-Watania Poultry celebrated this achievement and new phase of expansion at an event with the Minister of Agriculture for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abdulrahman Al-Fadhli; the Governor of the Al-Qassim region, Prince Dr. Faisal bin Mishaal; business leader Sheikh

Sulaiman Al Rajhi; and the President and CEO of Al-Watania Poultry, Dr. Mohammed Al Rajhi.

“Cobb and Al-Watania Poultry are marking incredible strides together,” said Mohammad Hamed Al-Shayea, vice president of production for Al-Watania Poultry. “We are proud to have them as our partner and look forward to continuing to help accomplish the Saudi government’s goal to increase food security.”

Al-Watania Poultry, one of the leading poultry producers in the Middle East, signed a distributor agreement with Cobb in 2018 for the territories of Saudi Arabia and the surrounding GCC member countries. Since then, the companies have focused on expanding the production and distribution of broilers. Just a few months ago, the companies made history, navigating logistical challenges to deliver the first Cobb500™ shipment to Jordan.

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NEWS 7

ALRUMAIH: “SALIC” IS A SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO IN THE FIELD OF FOOD SECURITY The CEO of The Saudi Agricultural and Livestock Investment Co. “SALIC”, His Excellency Eng. Sulaiman bin Abdulrahman AlRumaih, confirmed that the Public Investment Fund’s announcement of transferring its shares in each of the “Almarai, NADEC and Saudi Fisheries companies to the portfolio of “SALIC” will enhance its role as the fund’s investment arm for agriculture and food security by achieving integration within the fund’s related portfolio companies.

AlRumaih added that the transfers enable SALIC to further optimally the Kingdom’s agricultural production and food processing opportunities by unifying local

shareholdings under one umbrella to create a sustainable investment portfolio capable of effectively contributing to securing the Kingdom’s food security. This development adds domestic investment to SALIC’s international assets to create a series of sustainable agricultural investments in multiple geographic regions around the world.

The CEO of SALIC explained that the institutional work of the food security system, with the generous support of the wise leadership, contributed to resisting the Corona pandemic and revealed the importance of strategic integration between sectors related

to agricultural and food affairs.

During the pandemic, SALIC was able to contribute through its foreign investments to supply basic food commodities and maintaining the stability of their prices in the local market, pointing out that “SALIC” is moving forward to effectively contribute to the food security system, as it has been awarded a contract to supply 355 thousand tons of wheat through its investments in Ukraine, Canada and Australia, as part of the direction of supporting Saudi investors abroad as one of the Kingdom’s food security strategy programs, which aim to diversify and increase sources of external food supplies.

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8 NEWS

BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM OFFICIALLY STARTS EQUINE BUSINESS IN CHINA

Boehringer Ingelheim, a global leader in animal health, announced that GastroGard® (omeprazole oral paste) has been granted the Registration Certificate of Imported Veterinary Drug by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, making it the first equine drug approved to be imported into the China market.

GastroGard® is the preferred drug for equine gastric ulcers among veterinarians worldwide and is currently the only veterinary drug approved by the FDA for the treatment and prevention of equine gastric ulcers in the United States.

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is caused by factors such as feeding patterns, diet and

stress. It is a high-risk disease in horses with all types and ages. Studies showed that the incidence rate in race horses was up to 80-100 percent, and that in non-race horses was also as high as 11 percent. If not diagnosed in a timely manner, the disease can be ignored and treatment can be delayed, which may lead to chronic gastric ulcers accompanied by lesions in the long term. The common manifestations of chronic gastric ulcers are weight loss, loss of appetite, poor coat conditions, and recurrent abdominal pain, seriously affecting the sports performance of horses.

According to the Survey Report on the Development of China’s Equestrian Industry in

2019, China had more than 3.6 million horses and more and more Chinese people are beginning to experience equestrian sports. As of August 31, 2019, China had 2,160 equestrian clubs. In addition, horses are increasingly used for the purpose of tourism and treatment, as well as being raised as pets. However, China still lacks equine products, which severely hinders the development of the equine industry. “Hence it is urgent for us to develop professional equine veterinarians, focus on the research and development of innovative drugs and accelerate the introduction of high-quality equine drugs,” said Academician Jianzhong Shen from China Agricultural University. “The domestic clinical trial data of GastroGard® prove it to be a high-quality therapy for gastric ulcer, a high-risk disease in horses. Clinically, it will improve the sports performances and well-being of horses, thus bringing benefits to the equine industry in China,” shared Associate Professor Zhi Wang from Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.

ILDEX VIETNAM & V-CONNECT VIETNAM EDITION ARE NOW OPEN FOR REGISTRATION! VNU Asia Pacific, together with the partners is ready to announce the pre-registration of ILDEX Vietnam, the 8th International Livestock, Dairy, Meat Processing and Aquaculture Exposition in Vietnam together with the newest digital platform by VIV under the name

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V-Connect Vietnam Edition, the #1 Digital B2B Networking Event for ASEAN’s Feed to Food Industry.

Both events will take place on 2123 July 2021 at Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center (SECC) for the physical event, and V-Connect Vietnam Edition will be available

on the digital platform. The preevent appointment for V-Connect Vietnam Edition will start on June 21st, 2021 onwards. Please preregister in advance to get the latest updates and more information about both events.

Save the date: 21-23 July 2021

APRIL-JUNE 2021

NEWS 9

MAREL’S 1000MM LOW-PRESSURE FORMING MACHINE IS HERE! Consumer demand for convenience food products continues to rise. At the same time, quality and cost remain key considerations. Marel’s new RevoPortioner 1000 uses innovative low-pressure forming technology and an enhanced 1000 mm processing width to help meet these challenges head on.

The RevoPortioner 1000 is the newest advancement in Marel’s successful line of low-pressure forming solutions. It continues to build on the proven technology of previous generations of the RevoPortioner and now combines innovative new features to give convenience food processors substantial benefits.

• Increased volume and speed A wider 1000 mm (40”) forming width and higher speed combine to increase output significantly • Superior product quality Innovative technology ensures products are always consistent in shape and weight across the entire belt width. Improved air release also optimizes ejection from the forming drum ensuring texture and integrity are unmatched.

• Lower footprint The simplicity of the RevoPortioner 1000 reduces footprint when compared to a two-machine set up producing similar volumes, saving a considerable amount of valuable factory floor space.

• More sustainable, cost-effective processing The advanced technology and robust design behind the RevoPortioner 1000 ensure an incredibly low level of leakage—less than 0.3%. The high levels of consistency in product shape and weight reduce rework by approximately 50%.

In addition, the system uses significantly fewer cooling agents and 40% less compressed air compared to previous solutions

with comparable capacities.

This significant reduction in waste, energy and resource consumption, contributes to a much more sustainable production process.

Every day, convenience food processors around the world benefit from the innovative forming solutions Marel has been developing for more than 25 years. With the introduction of the RevoPortioner 1000, they now have the most extensive range of low-pressure forming equipment on the market. Marel solutions fit any food processing production line and can work with any protein, including chicken, beef, fish, plant-based, potato and pet food.

AB VISTA LAUNCHES ONLINE DIETARY FIBRE CALCULATOR TO HELP NUTRITIONISTS OPTIMISE ANIMAL DIETS AB Vista launched a free tool to assist nutritionists as they formulate animal diets. The dietary fibre calculator uses average values of global raw materials to calculate the dietary fibre content (plus other more in-depth fibre parameters) of finished animal feed.

The calculator offers the option of entering up to 28 different raw materials, along with the daily

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total intake in kg, to show the fibre composition of the feed and the daily fibre intake in either a data or graphic view.

Xaviere Rousseau, our Global Technical Support Manager, says: “As feed additive specialists, we know that the role of fibre in monogastric diets can be misunderstood and that achieving the optimum fibre fraction can be

challenging, even for experienced nutritionists.

“We have designed this calculator to be a straightforward, easy to access way to assess the total dietary fibre content of finished feed.”

The parameters within the calculator represent the values that are available within our new Dietary Fibre analysis service, part of our comprehensive NIR offering.

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10 NEWS

ADISSEO BRINGING NEW INNOVATIONS TO EUROPEAN RUMINANT MARKET Formulating nutritionally adequate diets using the materials at hand, whether grass or grain, has always been the challenge at the heart of dairy farming. But of course, these days, “adequate” is no longer sufficient. Today’s rations must be optimised to do more than just meet minimal requirements.

Feed must enable the cow to produce more milk (sometimes with a higher fat and protein

content), must boost health and reproductive outcomes, must help the farmer make ends meet in an environment of high protein prices, and must support the farm’s sustainability goals.

Keeping up with the accelerating demands placed on the sector requires wellresourced research. As one of the world’s leaders in the production and application of methionine, Adisseo has been expanding its

amino acid line for ruminants; in addition to rumen-protected methionine, Smartamine® M and MetaSmart®, it is introducing RumenSmart®, a product aimed at combatting milk fat depression.

Moreover, Adisseo has been dedicated to improving the range of solutions available to help dairy farmers meet these challenges—not only in dairy cattle, but also in minor dairy species such as goats.

NEW CHAMBER BELT MACHINE FOR PACKING HAM, CHEESE, POULTRY AND FISH PRODUCTS With the addition of the B 425 model, MULTIVAC has completed its range of chamber belt machines. This means that there is exactly the right machine in every output category for the widest range of customer requirements. When it comes to packing smaller products in particular, such as ham, cheese, poultry and fish, the B 425 offers a very high output thanks to its compact and narrow design. The main features of the machine, which can be ordered with immediate effect, are durability, easy operation and the highest level of hygiene.

The new model, which is designed in the MULTIVAC Hygienic Design™, is aimed at food processing companies, and it is particularly suitable for the automated packaging of sausage, ham, bacon, fresh meat, fish and cheese in film pouches. The new B 425 will also be appreciated by cost-conscious companies, who are looking for a higher product throughput when packing small products, since the 1,300 mm long sealing

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bar makes it possible to load many products. In many cases more products per shift can be packed on the B 425 than on the larger and supposedly higher-output chamber belt machines. The new B 425 therefore offers an outstanding price-to-performance ratio when packaging smaller food products in film pouches. Another benefit of its compact design is the small space requirement of the machine, and this means that it can even be used in small production environments.

As with all chamber belt machines from MULTIVAC, the new model is also very impressive in its high level of production output and pack quality - even at maximum loading in non-stop mode. The proven design for minimising the volume of air to be evacuated ensures that a higher cycle output is achieved. The optional sealing height adjustment, which can be performed without tools, makes it easy to adjust the sealing height to the particular product.

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NEWS 11

BIOMIN LAUNCHES MYCOFIX® PLUS 5.Z WITH ZENZYME® IN ASIA PACIFIC Leading animal nutrition and feed additive firm BIOMIN has launched its newest mycotoxin risk management solution, Mycofix Plus 5.Z with ZENzyme, in select markets across the Asia Pacific region.

Mycofix Plus 5.Z with ZENzyme is an innovative, all-in-one feed additive providing next-generation mycotoxin risk management for breeding animals and their offspring.

ZENzyme is the first and only purified enzyme that degrades zearalenone (ZEN) fast, specifically and irreversibly into non-toxic and non-estrogenic metabolites.

“With the introduction of ZENzyme into the Mycofix

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range, we raise the bar once again in terms of state-of-the-art protection against mycotoxins for our customers’, says Ursula Hofstetter, Head of Global Product Management Mycotoxins at BIOMIN. “ZENzyme offers the animal protein sector full and complete protection against zearalenone.

With consistent and proper application, farmers will have the confidence that their animals will not face ZEN-induced reproduction or health challenges”, Franz Waxenecker, Managing Director of BIOMIN. Zearalenone, a naturallyoccurring toxin produced by fungi,

commonly contaminates crops including corn (maize), wheat and soy at potentially harmful levels according to the BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey, the longest-running and most comprehensive data set on mycotoxin occurrence in the world.

The chemical structure of zearalenone poses two challenges to the agriculture sector. First, the mycotoxin latches onto an animal’s estrogen receptor which can induce hyperestrogenism and lead to reproductive problems and impair animal performance. Second, conventional binders such as clay or yeast-based products have only limited effectiveness in mitigating zearalenone’s negative impacts.

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12 NEWS

AVIAGEN LAUNCHES NEW 2021 GLOBAL PARENT STOCK NUTRITION SPECIFICATIONS Aviagen® recently rolled out the 2021 Global Parent Stock (PS) Nutrition Specifications for the Arbor Acres®, Indian River® and Ross® brands. These specifications detail the optimal nutrient balance (including amino acids, energy, vitamins and minerals) applicable through the life of a flock.

The genetic potential for bird performance, health and welfare is continually advancing; this is reflected in the recently updated PS Performance Objectives.

Aviagen advises customers to

use the Nutrition Specification in conjunction with the PS Performance Objectives and PS Management Handbook for the relevant brand.

Developed by Aviagen nutritionists who understand the field application of the Specifications, the new nutritional strategy will enable the latest Performance Objectives to be reached in a holistic, balanced way that simultaneously promotes reproductive performance, optimal early development, chick

quality, livability and other aspects of bird health and well-being.

“Aviagen is committed to helping our customers further strengthen the outstanding performance, health and welfare of their flocks. As we continue to increase the inherent potential of our birds, optimizing nutrition becomes more and more important, and our goal for the new nutrition advice is to provide customers with the knowledge to do so,” explained Marcelo Silva, Head of Global Nutrition.

NEW RESEARCH REVEALS ProsperEO™ IMPROVES GAIN & EFFICIENCY IN TURKEYS DURING GROW-OUT PHASE A recent research study determined that feeding ProsperEO™ in addition to a conventional coccidiostat program to turkeys starting at 9 weeks of age improved both rate of growth and feed efficiency resulting in an additional 14,440 lbs. at the processing plant. ProsperEO is an everyday antibiotic-free feed additive containing patented essential oils and prebiotics.

“Our goal with this study was to help turkey producers accelerate growth after the brood barn and achieve more total pounds at processing,” said Dr. Tim Broderick, Poultry Research & Development Manager for Ralco.

“Turkeys require greater feed and time investment than any other poultry. Toms grow for 16-20 weeks and consume 80-100 lbs. of feed per bird to reach 40 lbs.

Finishing birds strong is critical for producers to achieve a better return on investment.”

The study resulted in an additional 14,440 lbs. at the

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processing plant with a ROI of 5:1 for the producer, equating to a return of $7,500 on the flock using ProsperEO. “This research study demonstrated the efficacy of ProsperEO in turkey production,” said Dr. Broderick.

“Improved gut health and nutrient absorption led to increased body weight gain in the flock.”

The study was conducted at a commercial research facility where two flocks were raised congruently using identical brooder and finisher barns, with each group consisting of 10,600 Hybrid Converter toms.

A traditional coccidiostat program was fed to both groups’ during the brood phase. When toms were moved to the finisher barns, ProsperEO was included at 0.6 lbs. from week 9-14 and 0.5 lbs./ton from week 14 to market.

The results of the study showed that turkeys fed ProsperEO starting at 9 weeks of age had improved growth rate and feed efficiency.

ProsperEO turkeys were 1.64 pounds heavier with a 6-point weight adjusted feed conversion advantage.

Turkeys fed ProsperEO overall had significantly greater weight gain resulting in an additional 14,440 lbs. at the processing plant compared to non-supplemented birds.

“We saw these performance results due to the unique essential oil blend in this product and patented Ralco technologies which allow us to successfully alter tissues in the gut for greater nutrient absorption and gain,” said Dr. Broderick.

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NEWS 13

ALLIED NUTRITION BECOMES EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTION PARTNER FOR BIOZYME® IN SOUTH AFRICA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES BioZyme® Inc. announces a new distribution agreement with Allied Nutrition for South Africa and the Sub-Saharan countries including Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Kenya.

“The relationship between Allied Nutrition and BioZyme goes back a while, as Provimi appointed Allied Nutrition to oversee the distribution of Amaferm® previously,” explains Volker Altenbokum, Director of International Business Development at BioZyme. “We are happy we can now partner directly with Allied Nutrition.”

Amaferm is a feed additive that impacts intake, digestibility and absorption of nutrients in an animal’s diet.

Amaferm is a research-proven, precision-based prebiotic that is created from a select

strain of Aspergillus oryzae. The addition of Amaferm to Allied Nutrition’s portfolio is a very special moment for Rudolf van der Veen, Owner and Managing Director of Allied Nutrition.

“We put a lot of effort into Amaferm and were very impressed by the results.

Now dealing directly with BioZyme opens us many more possibilities to serve our valued customers. We have designed a very progressive strategy to recover the customers we served before,” van der Veen said.

“It is amazing to see how much more technical expertise and research was added to Amaferm over the last years.

The support that BioZyme is adding to the product is outstanding, and we will surely profit from this. The focus on intake, digestibility and absorption brings a new

angle of arguments for and supports and explains the good results we had seen in the past,” emphasized Frans Hagg, Technical Sales Manager at Allied Nutrition.

“The outreach that Allied Nutrition has will accelerate the application of Amaferm in multiple species. Allied Nutrition’s portfolio of products underlines the market reputation. We are very grateful for this opportunity” said Lisa Norton, President and COO of BioZyme. “The region will play an important role in our International Expansion Strategy.”

BioZyme, a global company, has been in business for 70 years. The company reaches a market of customers throughout the U.S., Canada, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Indian Subcontinent.

MILK SCREENING IMPROVES FOOD SAFETY IN THE DAIRY SUPPLY CHAIN Testing for adulteration can be time-consuming and expensive.

The targeted models improve both these aspects by exploiting existing test equipment and infrastructure.

The models are for MilkoScan™ 7, CombiFoss™ 7 and FT+ analysers which are already widely used by milk-testing centers around the globe for testing of raw milk quality. Up to 16 sources of potential adulteration are covered and test results are delivered within a minute.

The new models complement an existing un-targeted model that allows detection of any abnormalities in general.

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Accordingly, milk-testing centers can now screen for possible adulteration and then use the targeted tests to zoomin on specific sources.

The sources might be due to deliberate or accidental contamination in the dairy supply chain. Examples include sodium hydroxide that can occur due to insufficient rinsing after cleaning of equipment or melamine added to increase the apparent protein content with the intention of gaining higher payment for milk deliveries.

The screening tests are

based on a powerful form of infrared analysis called Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) of which FOSS has been a pioneer for milk-testing purposes. The adulteration screening is done using the infrared spectrum involved in the FTIR test. Spectra from a sample are compared against a so-called infrared ‘spectral fingerprint’ for normal milk programmed into the instrument. A warning is given if a mismatch occurs and individual adulterants can be identified from their spectral signatures.

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14 NEWS

AGI ANNOUNCES APPOINTMENT OF MIKE FRANK AS A DIRECTOR Ag Growth International Inc. (“AGI” or the “Company”) (TSX: AFN) is pleased to announce the appointment of Mike Frank as a Director.

“Mike is a highly regarded senior agriculture executive with deep and diverse experience in global leadership roles. Mike is a great fit with our growthfocused culture and will help the Company continue to elevate performance in key strategic

areas,” said Bill Lambert, Board Chair.

“We are excited to welcome Mike to our Board. Mike brings a wealth of relevant experience and insight to AGI developed over his thirty-three year career with Nutrien and Monsanto, including a successful tenure as CEO of Nutrien’s retail business.

Mike also possesses deep digital experience which we will certainly leverage as we continue to build

out our technology platform,” added Tim Close, President and CEO of AGI. AGI is a provider of solutions for the global food infrastructure, including seed, fertilizer, grain, feed, and food processing systems. AGI has manufacturing facilities in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, India, France, and Italy and distributes its product globally.

USAID LAUNCHES CARGILL, AUSVET, HEIFER INTERNATIONAL AND IPC CONSORTIUM TO COMBAT THREAT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has tapped a consortium led by Cargill and including Ausvet, Heifer International, and the International Poultry Council (IPC) to improve livestock management and combat the threat of zoonotic diseases to both human and animal health.

The five-year, $33 million Transformational Strategies for Farm Output Risk Mitigation (TRANSFORM) consortium will harness innovation to sustainably improve animal health, strengthen animal agriculture production systems in Asia and Africa and enhance global health security.

As a farm-based initiative, TRANSFORM will prioritize efforts to significantly decrease the risks of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and zoonoses, diseases spread from animals to humans such as foodborne pathogens, anthrax and Avian and swine influenza.

The group will also consider transboundary animal diseases (TADs,) such as foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever.

Scientists estimate that more than

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three out of five known infectious diseases in people can be spread from animals, and 75% of new or emerging infectious diseases in people come from animals.

Smallholder farmers around the world are particularly vulnerable to transboundary animal diseases, with livestock representing their main source of food and income, and access to veterinary services often limited.

Together, Cargill, Ausvet, Heifer International and the IPC will increase the capacity of government, agribusinesses, and farmers to prevent and, if needed, identify and quickly respond to these threats to human health. By working through animal agriculture markets and supply chains and showing how changes to production processes can increase farmers’ incomes, TRANSFORM aims to bring about long-lasting change within the livestock sector in Africa and Asia.

“We know that agriculture can help solve some of the world’s most pressing challenges,” said Chuck Warta, head of Cargill Health Technologies. “We’re

honored to have been selected to lead this important work and are confident that Cargill’s global reach and research capabilities, combined with our partners’ unique expertise and influence in animal agriculture, can minimize these massive threats to our global food system and to human health.”

TRANSFORM will work in several key geographies, on large and small farms, with a variety of species. Beginning in 2022, Cargill will conduct nutrition and immune health trials on dairy, poultry, and shrimp operations in four countries throughout Asia and Africa to better understand and quantify the role holistic animal nutrition can play in reducing the threats of zoonotic diseases to human health.

The key to the consortium’s success will be developing and implementing innovative and market-driven solutions that increase access to safe, affordable, high quality animalsourced nutrition while improving global human health security.

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16 NEWS

CB GROUP REVEALS THAT ITS CHICKEN IS ANTIBIOTIC FREE The CB Group says its flagship brand, CB Chicken, is antibiotic free. The CB Group gave the update in a statement to the media recently. The Group says that just a few months short of opening the largest and most sustainable poultry plant in the Caribbean, it’s pleased to advise that its product is antibiotic free. CB Group CEO Matthew Lyn, says the company was to make the announcement at the opening of their new facility, The Nest.

However, Mr. Lyn says given the move recently by Best Dressed Chicken to make their shift to antibiotic free chicken public, it makes more sense for the CB Group to share the good news now. Mr. Lyn says the CB Group wishes to congratulate the Jamaica Broilers team on the major achievement, which he

described as a great move for Jamaica.

In its statement to the media, the CB Group also noted that in response to the global landscape, food companies worldwide are revisiting the complete supply chain and demanding more transparency and better-quality ingredients from their suppliers.

Mr. Lyn says to have the two major poultry companies being able to indicate that their product is free of antibiotic is significant.

The CB Group CEO says the Group understands the role it plays as food suppliers in terms of food security and though important, to the consumers, the Group also represents a trusted source of food. According to Mr. Lyn, the company also recognises its responsibility to always have the health and safety of consumers

in mind.

Matthew Lyn, CEO of the CB Group. The CB Group ended its statement to the media by noting that it began its CERTIFIED SAFE Food Movement over ten (10) years ago, when it achieved ISO, HACCP and GMP certification.

The group says since then, it has added Global GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) and SQF (Safe Quality Food) certifications to its portfolio. Globally, the overuse of antibiotics in foodproducing animals has been recently blamed for an increase in resistant bacteria. Some scientists argue that when the bacteria are passed on to humans they may cause illness.

However, other experts have suggested that antibiotic use in food-producing animals poses very little risk to human health.

OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOGS: A NEW BREAKTHROUGH IN THE TREATMENT OF PAIN A heavy handicap for the animal. Osteoarthritis is a chronic and degenerative disease that manifests itself by persistent pain in the joints caused by abnormal wear and tear of the cartilage and the entire joint. This disease affects all breeds of dogs and can

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sometimes lead to other more serious pathologies such as hip dysplasia.

Last April, Virbac signed a partnership agreement with Animalcare, an international veterinary pharmaceutical group, for the distribution of an anti-inflammatory for dogs, Daxocox.

Unlike current products that require daily administration, this enflicoxibbased treatment is administered in the form of a flavored oral tablet that is taken only once a week:

an innovative dosage that promotes compliance with the treatment while providing relief for the animal for seven days.

In February 2021, this drug was granted marketing authorization in the European Union and the United Kingdom.

We will market this product in all countries where it is not directly distributed by AnimalCare (France, Nordic countries, Eastern Europe, Baltic countries and Austria) from September 2021.

With this new weekly antiinflammatory, we are providing veterinarians in these countries with a new, effective and convenient treatment option to preserve the quality of life of dogs, especially older dogs.

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NEWS 17

FOCUS ON SUSTAINABLE POULTRY PRODUCTION TO BOOST FARM PROFITS Sustainable poultry production is a challenge which needs to be addressed immediately to meet changing market demands and to boost farm profitability, Gill Gallagher, Sustainable Agriculture Manager at Devenish, has said.

Speaking virtually at the World’s Poultry Science Association Forum (in conjunction with Poultry Information Exchange) in Australia, she said there is little time to waste in the race to provide the world’s growing population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems.

That urgency has arisen as a result of increasing policy pressures by governments which have put in place ambitious carbon reduction policies in the race to net zero.

In addition, consumers and other customers along the supply chain are - more and more - increasingly demanding action on greenhouse gas

reduction and want to see that farms are adhering to sustainable sourcing policies.

That has the potential to result in eco labelling on products to give consumers choice.

Meanwhile, the ability to measure the carbon footprint of poultry production offers a real insight into identifying inefficiencies and carbon hotspots in the business.

“A more efficient farm is a more profitable farm with a lower carbon footprint,” Gill Gallagher said. “From a strategic point of view, ensuring your production system is as sustainable as possible is a win-win and will only enhance the bottom line.”

She said that within the poultry production system, the best way to minimize environmental impact is to ensure a targeted diet based on precision nutrition, which has been regularly reviewed and updated using appropriate

measurement techniques.

Emissions can also be reduced by using the most environmentally friendly combination of raw materials and using nutritional aids correctly to extract maximum nutrients from raw materials.

In addition, growers should minimize anti-nutritional factors which could inhibit digestion and utilization of nutrients.

Finally, it pays dividends to ensure the bird is as healthy as possible so it can fully utilize nutrients. Nutrition does not stand alone in the drive to reduce carbon emissions but sits alongside good management and a constant focus on the health of the bird.

“Close attention to these details will not only reduce the carbon footprint but will also improve feed conversion and boost profits. Ultimately, reducing carbon pays.”

MSD ANIMAL HEALTH COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF POULTRY SENSE LIMITED Poultry Sense Ltd. is an innovator in health and environmental monitoring solutions for the poultry industry. A privately held company located in Exeter, U.K., IT provides enhanced technology for poultry farmers to continuously track and analyze overall health performance for the life of the flock; it provides users the capability to measure, compare and record key health and environmental indicators captured by battery-powered, wireless sensors in the poultry barn, as well as to

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identify patterns and trends to predict health and well-being and, ultimately, prevent disease and improve performance.

This innovative technology is an important tool used to assess an animal’s health and well-being, which contributes to enhanced productivity and efficacy measures on the farm and, ultimately, to better food safety and security. The sensors allow farmers to monitor and assess vital parameters by measuring weight, water usage, humidity, light,

temperature and carbon dioxide.

Farmers can therefore gain insight into the housing environment, as well as bird health and performance.

This proprietary technology can detect health conditions earlier in poultry that can lead to illness, thus reducing the potential for disease outbreak. This notification is done via software reports in an easy-toread dashboard in real-time on any mobile device, desktop, tablet or secure website, which also connects to the cloud.

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18 NEWS

SUSTAINABLE PET CARE ON GROWTH COURSE RENAMING TO JRS PETCARE GMBH & CO. KG JRS is the technology and global market leader in the field of natural, functional plant fibres and additives sustainably produced from renewable, vegetable raw materials. The innovative and unique JRS plant fibre technology is used in almost all areas of modern industry.

Its versatile functions and properties are also successfully used in JRS pet care products.

JRS provides the proverbial “basis” for natural pet care: The perfect hygienic bedding for every type of animal and form of husbandry. Like Cat’s Best, the world’s N°1 cat litter made of odour-binding active wood fibres, or CHIPSI, the small animal range for rodents, birds and exotics; in addition to the JRS PetCare brands, JRS is also active as a private label system supplier

for many big names in the trade - on a growth course in all segments.

In the course of an ambitious growth strategy, and in order to meet the increasing demands and needs of the market as a forward-looking B2C trading partner even better, the PetCare Unit of the JRS group of companies is reorganising as part of a consistent market orientation.

KEMIN BECOMES MAJORITY SHAREHOLDER IN ANIMAL VACCINE COMPANY MIDDLE EAST FOR VACCINES (MEVAC) Kemin Industries, a global ingredient manufacturer that strives to sustainably transform the quality of life every day for 80 percent of the world with its products and services, is growing its presence in the global vaccine market by becoming majority shareholder of MEVAC, an animal vaccine manufacturer based in Cairo, Egypt, and a shareholder in MEVAC’s sister company, UVAC, to further expand Kemin’s portfolio in the global animal vaccine market.

“We entered into a partnership with MEVAC over a decade ago and are thrilled to become the majority shareholder,” said Chris Nelson, President and CEO, Kemin Industries. “Kemin and MEVAC share the goal of transforming lives and creating a sustainable future – one in which non-antibiotic alternatives are becoming more and more important to customers. By extending our partnership to

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MEVAC’s sister company, UVAC, we can do even more to bring our innovations to animal vaccines.”

First investing in the MEVAC in 2010, Kemin has increased its participation in the Egyptian-based company over the years. In 2019, Kemin increased its share in MEVAC and received the right to distribute its vaccines globally, outside the Arabic-speaking countries in the Middle East already served by MEVAC. “As Kemin has grown its partnership with MEVAC, our capabilities and technologies have expanded, as well, and we are thrilled to bring this beneficial cooperation to UVAC,” said Dr. Magdy El Sayed, Founder, MEVAC and UVAC. “We share a commitment to advancing technology and accessibility of animal vaccines, and together, we can create an even greater impact.”

As part of its investment in

MEVAC, Kemin has access to a modern vaccine plant with production and R&D capabilities to support future growth. UVAC, MEVAC’s sister company, also in Egypt, and in which Kemin is a shareholder, has been established to produce foot-and-mouth disease and tissue-culture vaccines for animals, as well as human vaccines.

“Over the past decade, MEVAC has proven to be an excellent partner for Kemin as we enter the animal vaccine market. Animal production is continuing to evolve, and by working together, Kemin and MEVAC have been able to introduce innovation to animal vaccines,” said GS Ramesh, Global Group President, Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health.

“As our work with MEVAC has yielded such beneficial results, we are looking forward to bringing this same dedication and drive to our collaboration with UVAC.”

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NEWS 19

DAIRY BEEF TRIAL TO REVEAL EATING QUALITY POTENTIAL Meat & Livestock Australia (MLA) is investigating the potential of creating a viable dairy beef supply chain to add substantial value to dairy steers commonly sold into lower value markets.

A research project is underway led by Charles Sturt University, in conjunction with Meat Standards Australia (MSA), Teys Australia, Dairy Australia, Northern Cooperative Meat Company and Manildra Meat Company, to study the impacts of genetics, nutrition and management on the performance and eating quality of beef from dairy breeds.

Researchers are also investigating the viability of establishing a veal pathway for dairy beef to achieve eligibility for MSA grading. Currently, carcases classified under the AUS-MEAT veal cipher are not eligible for MSA, however milk fed vealers that are turned off at higher slaughter weights are eligible.

MSA Program Manager, Dr David Packer, said the project aligned with MSA’s long-term objective to make all cattle eligible for MSA grading.

“The project is designed to understand the eating quality potential of dairy cattle and management to optimise eating quality outcomes for these

breeds. The project aims to add substantial value to a currently undervalued resource,” Dr Packer said.

“The project started in 2018 and involves cohorts of Jersey, Holstein-Jersey cross, and Holstein cattle, all following a range of pathways, alongside cohorts of beef breeds including British and Euro-cross cattle.

“The first cohort of cattle has completed both low growth and high growth pathways. The pathways use low-cost and highcost feeding regimes comprising a range of timeframes and combinations of pasture feeding, feed supplements and grain feeding in feedlots, to reach a target of 300kg carcase weight.

“Overall results to date show a similar carcase and eating quality trait performance from Holstein cattle to beef breeds, but lower carcase quality and higher MSA non-compliance for Jersey cattle.

“While the Holsteins were quite slow at gaining weight in the early stages of the trial, in a feedlot they had a better feed conversion ratio than the beef

breed cattle in the trial.

“The Holsteins had comparable ossification and marble scores, though they had lighter muscling and a smaller eye muscle area compared to beef breeds.”

The project will also explore a Spanish feeding treatment pathway, with cattle intensively fed on a custom ration to reach a target of a 300kg carcase weight. Under Spanish feeding conditions a liveweight of 460kg is obtained at 10 months of age, however, in this project the feeding period will be extended to increase carcase weight in line with market requirements.

The project is expected to finish in 2022, with an analysis conducted on the economics of the feed cost versus the sale price of the product, with support from Dairy Australia.

SONOSTEAM TECHNOLOGY REDUCES PATHOGENS ON BROILERS WITH UP TO 98% SANOVO Biosecurity presents a solution for freshly slaughtered broilers. The SonoSteam system reduces bacteria by up to 98% when directly applied inline on the freshly slaughtered broilers’ surface just before packaging.

SonoSteam is a chemical-

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free technology that applies a combination of steam and ultrasound produced simultaneously from specially designed nozzles. The system can be applied at most poultry production lines running from 6,000-15.000 broilers/hour. The

SonoSteam system is already being applied on several production lines in Europe, processing more than millions of broilers every week and contributing to the overall food safety and adding value to the product through increased shelf-life.

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20 NEWS

LESAFFRE ACCELERATES ITS FOCUS ON HEALTH, AND INVESTS IN IN VITRO TESTING As a global player in microorganisms and fermentation, Lesaffre is continuing to invest in research and development as part of its activities in favour of human and animal health. The company has invested in new equipment to continue developing its In Vitro platform located in the Eurasanté park in Loos (Nord). Called SHIME®, this technology, which is unique in France, will enable Lesaffre to evaluate even more precisely the effect of its products on the human and animal gut microbiota and microbiome.

The SHIME® technology developed by the company

Prodigest BV and Ghent University reproduces the entire human and animal digestive system. Thanks to this cutting-edge equipment purchased in 2019, Lesaffre is now able to test in vitro the effect of a product on the intestinal microbiota over several weeks (up to 8 weeks).

Through this strategic investment, Lesaffre is positioning itself as one of the leading players in the study of intestinal microbiota/microbiome and the digestive system as a whole.

This new investment is perfectly in line with company’s R&D strategy, which in 2019 inaugurated its In Vitro research platform already equipped with the TIM-1 system (equipment that reproduces the upper part of the digestive system). The work carried out over the last two years already enabled the consolidation of the documentation of several products for human health, and the development of two new products for animal

health, which in particular enable better digestion of food.

“We have made successive investments in In Vitro testing to better understand the potential of microorganisms on the human and animal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the metabolism and immune system.

Today, we are still in the early stages of research in this field, but we are convinced that this type of research will lead to absolutely fundamental discoveries with applications for both the nutrition of living beings and for medicine and health.“ explains Hassina Ait-Abderrahim, Director of In vitro and Bacteria platforms at Lesaffre.

As a specialist in fermentation sciences for over 165 years, Lesaffre wishes to put all its know-how and knowledge of microorganisms at the service of research into the digestive system. Indeed, the company is convinced that the study of the gut microbiota will make it possible to respond to the major challenges facing mankind in terms of nutrition, but also public health.

VIV ASIA AND MEAT PRO ASIA POSTPONED TO JANUARY 2022 VIV Asia, the complete Feed to Food global trade show in Asia, is postponed to January 12-14, 2022, as announced by the show organizers VNU Asia Pacific and VNU Europe.

Meat Pro Asia, Asia’s leading processing and packaging trade fair for egg, poultry, meat, seafood & food products, organized by Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd. and VNU Asia Pacific is also postponed to be co-located with VIV Asia.

Two international leading events for the animal protein

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production business in Asia, under one roof: an unprecedented and remarkable opportunity. VIV Asia and Meat Pro Asia will take place on January 12-14, 2022, at the Challenger Halls - IMPACT, Bangkok, Thailand based on the announcement by The Ministry of Tourism and Sports on a new four-phase plan that would see the country fully opened to international visitors by January 2022.

“Our new dates and plan are aligned with the announcement

from the Thai Government to fully reopen by January 2022.” said Heiko M. Stutzinger, Director VIV worldwide and Managing Director VNU Asia Pacific and VNU Europe. “As for VICTAM and Animal Health and Nutrition Asia, the organizers are working on a forwarddriven solution in order to synergistically combine the events in Bangkok. All details and implications for partners and customers regarding the new set-up will be communicated in the coming weeks.” added Stutzinger.

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Ed 39 th iti on

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Under the Patronage of

The 39th Int’l. Agriculture, Aquaculture & Agro-Industry Show

AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION REVOLUTIONIZING THE FUTURE OF FARMING

18-21 OCTOBER 2021 Riyadh International Convention and Exhibition Center

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Held Concurrently With

The 27th International Trade Show for Food Products, Ingrdients & Technologies

The 10th International Trade Show for Food Processing and Packaging

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APRIL-JUNE 2021 Organizer

The 4th International Trade Show for Aquaculture

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22 EVENT UPDATES

SOMMET DE L’ELEVAGE 2021:

World livestock breeding showcase 5 > 8 October, Clermont-Ferrand, France

R

esolutely turned towards the future, the SOMMET DE L’ELEVAGE international livestock trade show is placing its 2021 edition under the sign of economic relaunch. For its 30th edition, the SOMMET offers itself a passage to 4 opening days, a new exhibition hall of 10,000 m² and is now available in digital version with an app and new web services dedicated to both exhibitors and visitors.

2021 is therefore another important step in the development of the show with the aim of crossing the threshold of 100,000 visitors and 1,500 exhibitors from 35 countries.

A new exhibition hall With a total area of 10,000 m² and two conference rooms, the new ultra-modern and bright exhibition hall will accommodate more exhibitors in better conditions and develop new sectors (renewable energies, transformation of agricultural products on the farm).

The SOMMET is available in digital The SOMMET digital version is the opportunity for exhibitors to promote their products to the SOMMET DE L’ELEVAGE community throughout the year thanks to a dedicated mobile app and new web services

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(marketplace, webinars, B2B online meeting).

Aubrac and Simmental breeds in national competition SOMMET 2021 will once again bring together the best of French and European livestock with the presence of more than 2,000 animals representing nearly 70 breeds of cattle, sheep and horses.

On the beef side, the Aubrac breed will be in the spotlight with a major national competition bringing together the 400 best specimens of the breed. As for dairy cattle, the Simmental breed will inaugurate the new dairy hall (hall 4) with around a hundred cows in national competition as well.

VIP welcome for international visitors As every year, the thousands

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EVENT UPDATES 23

of foreign visitors present will benefit from a privileged welcome with a free entry to the show, a special livestock gala evening, an access to the International Business Club and its many services (interpreters, etc.) as well as a program of 25 visits to farms and other agro-industrial sites. Unique in the world!

For free registration, visit www.sommet-elevage.fr

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24 MANURE MANAGEMENT

Hiroki Sumiya, Kohshin’s CEO

Kohshin is one of the leading Japanese companies developing machines especially for poultry sectors.

The company is exporting their machines to around 38 countries. In an interview with M. Matt, Managing Editor of Livestock and Poultry Middle East magazine, Kohshin’s CEO Mr Hiroki Sumiya explains how their machines can be useful in manure management, why it is so important to process manure correctly and how their machines are different from their competitors.

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INTERVIEW

KOHSHIN COMPOSTERS: PROCESS YOUR Poultry MANURE CORRECTLY Q. If we may ask out of curiosity, as a company based in Japan, a country well known for its beef, why does Kohshin appear to develop machines specially for poultry owners? Where are of your main export markets/ countries?

A. Our Composters are being used and has a good reputation in 38 countries around the world

(excluding Japan) not only on Poultry farms but also on cow farms. We develop machines to address the manure of the livestock farms and to help the farm owners to dispose and process the farm waste in a correct manner.

Our machines are currently being used in Southeast Asia, South America, Europe etc..

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MANURE MANAGEMENT 25

Q. What are the different perspectives of poultry owners (small, medium and large) regarding manure management, in Kohshin’s different export markets/countries?

A. In terms of machines, it should be affordable and durable. And the final product must be fully composted, odourless and with stable quality. Poultry owners started to realize the importance of not just processing the material but also the importance of producing a product that they can sell.

Q. Under the current COVID-19 environment, farms are very concerned about their immediate production costs and bottom line. What additional value can poultry owners gain from composting their birds’ manure, in an efficient way?

A. The components of organic fertilizer are not always the same, even if it is applied on farmlands, adding chemical fertilizer is still necessary. However, mixing the fully composted manure with chemical fertilizer will complement the advantages of both organic and chemical fertilizer and it could turn into a valuable fertilizer with good quality soil improvement composition.

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Q. We understand that Kohshin has composters for different farm sizes – KNLL, KSLF and KN series. Please share with our readers some of their key features. How are these features unique compared to other machines?

A. We have different types of Composter that are adaptable to different farm scale. All of them could produce a uniformly size (below 10mm) and pelletized final product. Also, we keep on researching about composting and we think that our know-how on how to supply air could be a factor to satisfy our customers.

Q. Does Kohshin help to connect poultry owners with fertiliser buyers? What is Kohshin’s view on a circular approach towards manure management, particularly for large, poultry integrators, i.e. the same farm uses feed crops which have been fertilised using composted manure? Are some of your customers already using a circular approach?

A. Many of our customers are engaged in recycling-oriented agriculture (circular agriculture), and we support the production of high-quality organic fertilizer through composting. We have customer that use the

composted livestock manure to produce orange, broccoli, coffee, rice, grapes, corn, cassava, carrot etc..

Q. In the broader context of addressing global sustainability and climate change, what can poultry owners look forward to from Kohshin, for example biogas equipment?

A. I think the most important factor in making agricultural products is soil preparation.

For that it is necessary to add chemical fertilizer, but the most important thing is to add a high-quality organic fertilizer on soil. I think this will lead to the creation of a pollution-free environment.

In my opinion owners of both poultry and agriculture farms understand that the importance of good fertilizer. And they tend not to use a manure that was only dried for 1 to 2 weeks but instead they take time to produce a high-quality organic fertilizer.

Our goal is to make a system not only to process livestock manure but could also produce a product that could be mixed with chemical fertilizer.

For more information, visit www.kohshin-s.jp

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26 DISINFECTANTS

Virkon™ S and Virkon™ LSP kill Avian Influenza virus strains at economical dilution rates from as little as 25 seconds contact time!

• Rapid speed of kill at an economical dilution rate • Proven efficacy against Avian Influenza H7N9, H5N1, H7N1 and H5N8 • Suitable for all Avian Influenza continuous & terminal biosecurity disinfection procedures

W

ith Avian Influenza (bird flu) an everpresent threat to global poultry producers, the premier veterinary & livestock disinfectants Virkon™ S and

Virkon™ LSP, from LANXESS, are independently proven to kill multiple strains of the Avian Influenza virus rapidly.

An outbreak of Avian Influenza will decimate flocks and can be

financially crippling. It is therefore imperative that poultry producers remain highly vigilant of Avian Influenza and reassess, finetune and implement the highest levels of continuous and terminal biosecurity at all times.

Virkon™ S is designed for use in all Avian Influenza biosecurity prevention and decontamination procedures in and around the poultry house including the disinfection of surfaces, equipment, water systems, boot dips, vehicles, cold and thermal fogging. Virkon™ LSP provides a robust general farm disinfectant ideal for biosecurity barrier controls such as disinfectant boot and vehicle wheel dips.

Head of Technical Marketing for Biosecurity and Hygiene, Tony Pearson explains, “Enhanced Avian Influenza biosecurity is an area that most producers are giving great thought to, but this needs to be worked at and tailored to specific farms, with constant review. Producers need to think about how Avian Influenza can get onto farm and then think of policies to try and prevent this.

For more information, visit www.virkon.com

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FEED ADDITIVES 27

Feed Additive Combinations could be Solution for Wooden Breast

A

concern for poultry producers globally, wooden breast is a degenerative condition affecting chicken breasts that ultimately impacts meat quality and can cost the industry millions each year.

New research from Novus International, Inc. recently published in Frontiers in Physiology explains how combinations of feed additives can impact this financially damaging myopathy.

Strategies to reduce wooden breast do exist; these are broadly growth-rate-related and antioxidant-based approaches. The results from these methods vary and sometimes can impact performance such as growth rate, slaughter weight, and breast yield. However, an ideal solution is one that offers repeatable success in reducing incidence of wooden breast without sacrificing performance in broiler birds.

The study, led by Novus Research Scientist Dr. Vivek Kuttappan, evaluated the effect of various dietary interventions on the incidence of wooden breast, particularly when birds are exposed to oxidative stress.

“Although the exact reason is unclear, it’s well-known that incidence of wooden breast is associated with oxidative stress in broiler birds,” Kuttappan said. “So, we wanted to see if combinations of feed additives such as highly bioavailable sources of trace minerals

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and dietary antioxidants that address tissue oxidative stress could make an impact.”

Poor quality fat or heat stress can instigate oxidative stress in animals, potentially leading to conditions such as wooden breast. Knowing that, Novus researchers took birds experiencing oxidative stress associated with feeding oxidized fat and heat stress and evaluated how Novus’s MINTREX® trace minerals (zinc, copper and manganese), which are marketed for their bioavailability, along with or without a dietary antioxidant and organic selenium impacted the meat quality.

In the study, birds fed a diet with oxidized fat, a combination of MINTREX® Zn, MINTREX® Cu, and MINTREX® Mn, along with a dietary antioxidant showed reduced oxidative stress in muscle tissue and significantly increased normal/woodenbreast-free fillets by 22% (33% vs 11% when compared to control birds). Where heat stress was concerned, adding

MINTREX® trace minerals alone to the diet showed significant increases (13%) in the incidence of normal fillets (21% vs 8% when compared to control birds), and reduced other poultry carcass quality defects such as tibial head lesions, skin scratches, and breast blisters. Researchers observed a higher magnitude of increase in normal fillets (38% vs. 8% compared to control birds), when MINTREX® was combined with the antioxidant and organic selenium.

“The combination of MINTREX® trace minerals, organic selenium, and dietary antioxidants resulted in the effective reduction of wooden breast severity, plausibly through the reduction of oxidative stress in tissue,” Kuttappan said. “This may be due to the activation of various endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reducing dietary sources of oxidative stress.”

For more information, visit www.novusint.com

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28 FEED SOLUTIONS

BETAINE THE NATURAL JEWEL FROM SUGAR BEETS I

n Austria the crystallization of natural betaine has started operating in August 2020 to meet the increasing global demand of natural betaine. With the new crystallization facility in Austria, AGRANA expanded its product portfolio by natural crystalline betaine: ActiBeet® 96 and ActiBeet® 97 for application in feed and drinking water. A unique, modern technology is used in the production while at the same time high quality and safety is assured. AGRANA uses 100% raw materials with zero

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FEED SOLUTIONS 29

lose 28% or more of their water supply. Due to this, the overall cellular activity is significantly reduced. Natural betaine prevents cellular dehydration and maintains the cells regular hydration status.

As known the problems at the farm level are multifactorial. As a multi-functional nutrient, betaine is a proven nutritional aid to protect against heat and osmotic stress. It´s an effective nutritional tool to manage gut health under challenging climatic conditions.

waste to derive a 100% plantbased natural betaine product.

Natural betaine as multifunctional nutrient Sugar beets contain, beside sugar, an interesting nutrient named betaine. Betaine is a multifunctional nutrient described as the methyl derivate of the amino acid glycine. In the body, betaine is a breakdown product of choline. Plants and organisms can accumulate betaine to limit their water loss. In short, Betaine has two main physiological functions, on one side acting as a methyl group donor and on the other side as an organic osmolyte. By the methyl donation, free methyl groups are generated for several metabolic reactions and used for many physiological processes, from genetic activity to protein provision. The second essential function of betaine is to

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maintain the animal’s mineral and water balance and to prevent dehydration. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more water than it receives. Diarrhea, the use of medications, decreased water intake, or profuse sweating can all lead to cellular dehydration. When the body is dehydrated, cells can

ActiBeet® the smart choice for nutritional feed solutions Beside the quality aspects, natural betaine has several technological advantages as no physiochemical incompatibilities or interactions have been reported, between natural betaine and other feed ingredients added to premixtures and feed. Betaine can be considered as management tool for optimizing the feed efficiency. ActiBeet® as natural betaine can be part of every sustainable nutritional solution as a non-aggressive, non-corrosive and heat stable component for premix and feed production.

For more information, contact betaine@agrana.com

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30 PET FOODS

WITH OPTICAL SORTING TECHNOLOGIES, PET FOOD CAN BE SAFE AND FAULT-FREE I n today’s increasingly competitive market, pet food manufacturers must ensure their products are safe, fault-free, and contain exactly what they claim. This means eradicating all traces of foreign materials and crosscontamination, and guarding against the naturally-occurring poison aflatoxin. Not easy, you might say - but now that TOMRA Food has brought its world-class sorting technologies to the pet food industry, it can be done.

All of TOMRA’s pet food sorting solutions are speciallytailored applications of technologies originally

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designed and developed to ensure the purity of food for human consumption. All are so accurate in their detection work, and so precise in removing unwanted materials from the product stream, that they minimize food loss, maximize yields, and can ensure attainment of pre-set protein levels. All eliminate the traditional needs for manual inspection or rework. And all have proved capable in the toughest working conditions - wet, dry, dusty - of running reliably and performing consistently for 24 hours per day and seven days per week.

The TOMRA machine bestsuited to pet food applications is the Nimbus BSI+, a highcapacity free-fall optical sorter.

This combines laser detection of foreign materials with TOMRA’s proprietary Biometric Signature Identification (BSI+) technology, so that it is able to detect materials not only according to shape, color, and size, but also by their biometric characteristics. In addition to

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PET FOODS 31

accurately removing foreign bodies from incoming raw materials, the Nimbus BSI+ can identify aflatoxin mold in food by detecting the extremely low intensity of light it reflects.

One producer already familiar with TOMRA’s Nimbus BSI+ sorters is GA Pet Food Partners, Europe’s leading manufacturer of private label premium dry pet food. GA’s Managing Director, Andy Kettle, says: “What I like about the TOMRA solution is the ability to inspect each individual kibble within a batch and compare that against defined and agreed quality attributes.”

TOMRA’s optical sorting technologies are also effective in earlier stages of the supply chain. A good example of this can be seen at JG Pears, a leading processor in the UK of animal by-products and food waste which produces a range of meals and fat for the pet food industry. Here, Nimbus BSI and BSI+ sorters were installed on the company’s low-temperature line to remove foreign bodies such as plastics, wood and rubber from incoming raw materials.

JG Pears’ Site Manager, Craig Harrison, affirms: “With the TOMRA machines, non-conformances with our customers have reduced dramatically and we see very, very little waste and foreign bodies in our material. Our current customers have seen the difference in the finished product and now there’s lots of interest from additional customers enquiring about buying our material.”

For more information, visit www.tomra.com

APRIL-JUNE 2021

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32 FEED MIXERS

SILOKING SelfLine Feed mixers Straw chopper saves time and feed costs

S

traw, as a valuable and sometimes expensive fodder, is increasingly used in mixed rations, either because of its structural effectiveness or because of fodder shortages. To avoid selection during feed intake, straw must be cut short and mixed well. Long straw can be used in the feed mixer before and during mixing of the actual ration, but this takes some time to be cut properly.

For fast cutting of larger quantities of straw in the ration, SILOKING

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now offers the straw chopper version for the SelfLine 300+ / 500+ and 1000+ models.

The hydraulically driven straw chopper is mounted directly behind the milling head and extends over the full width of the loading chute. In chopping mode, the flow of forage is diverted to the straw chopper by a flap that swivels into the milling channel. The rapidly rotating chopper blades beat the straw through the counter blades and feed it back, chopped into small pieces, onto

the loading conveyor belt, which then transports it into the mixer.

The straw chopper is operated conveniently at the touch of a button from the multifunction armrest in the cab.

Mixing in of the precisely cut straw can be better dosed, it considerably reduces fodder losses through selection, saves time during loading and reduces diesel consumption through shorter mixing times.

For more information, visit www.siloking.com

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ANIMAL HEALTH 33

Cubicle flooring: is there a golden way?

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f the maintenance condition of deep bedded cubicles deteriorates, this influences the lying behaviour, the lying position and the total lying time of the cows (Reiter et al., 2006).

If farmers do not have enough time to maintain deep bedded cubicles, an elevated cubicle with soft rubber mats is a good alternative.

The choice of the cubicle system should be individually adapted to the farm operation, the free work capacity and the availability of bedding material.

Cows readily accept wellmaintained deep bedded cubicles. However, comfort is very much dependent on the maintenance condition. Often, not enough time and effort can be invested in maintaining a level and continuous mattress, and the lying times quickly decrease. In addition, the animals often lie very hard at the front or even on concrete, which can lead to injuries on the carpal joints.

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Excessively hard flooring in elevated cubicles combined with too little or no bedding can promote injuries on the tarsal joints. It is still common practice not to litter rubber flooring.

However, to keep skin and hair dry, it is necessary to cover the mats with a thin layer of absorbent bedding.

The type of bedding is also crucial. Lime alone dries out the skin too much, coarse sawdust acts like sand-paper.

Chopped straw or milled straw, for example, is ideal. A mixture of chopped straw/milled straw and bedding powder, which have been tested by the DLG for skin compatibility, is also recommended.

Elevated cubicles must be equipped with the right rubber flooring that meets the softness requirements of dairy cows.

In the end, the amount of bedding and work required is significantly lower. The system is also more forgiving of periods of inadequate cubicle

maintenance, in contrast to the deep bedded cubicle, because it offers the animals reliable comfort even on such days and thus ensures constant lying times.

KEW Plus has been one of the softest mattress systems on the market for almost 20 years. Due to its three-layer composition, it achieves a thickness of 6 cm and a sinking depth of over 4 cm. Already 15 years ago, in the course of a diploma thesis at the University of Applied Sciences in Bingen (Büch, 2006), it was shown that there are no noteworthy differences between a strawmanure mattress and KEW Plus with regard to lying and choice behaviour as well as softness (sinking depth). A steady improvement in joint health with KEW Plus could also be confirmed even then (Mathis, 2006).

For more information, visit www.kraiburg-elastik.com

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34 ANIMAL NUTRITION

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PREMIER NUTRITION LAUNCHES IMPROVED FRESH COW RECOVERY DRINK LIVESTOCK & POULTRY ME

remier Nutrition has launched an improved fresh cow recovery drink, containing a complete package of critical nutrients to support the cow’s needs and quickly get her drinking, eating, and milking.

Under the brand name of Restart, the newly formulated all-in-one rehydration drink tackles many aspects: • One dose provides 21% of the cow’s critical daily calcium requirement in a super-soluble, quick release form • It contains sugars for a rapidly available energy to boost the cow after the stresses of calving • The combination package of choline and B-vitamins aid liver function and ensure dietary nutrients are used efficiently • The high-quality mineral pack quickly returns the cow’s mineral status to normal in preparation for the next phase of milk production • Yeast components kickstart the rumen so she eats quicker to support milk production • The powerful blend of antioxidants supports the immune system Restart is available in a 15kg tub. Each drink requires 1kg of powder, stirred into 5 litres of hot (65ºC) water, then topped up to 15-20 litres with cool water. It should be offered within 10-20 minutes of calving for maximum benefit but can be used up to 2 hours post-calving to aid recovery.

For more information, contact andrew.pine@premiernutrition.co.uk

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 35

Alltech introduces new Lifeforce™ premium equine supplements

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nimal health and nutrition company Alltech recently introduced a new line of Lifeforce™ premium equine supplements to the market.

Backed by more than 40 years of scientific research and formulated with field-proven technologies, these supplements have been created to meet the needs of modern horses throughout their lives, from performance to recreation.

“Animal nutrition isn’t just our job at Alltech; it really is our passion,” said Tim Karl, director of Alltech’s lifestyle and companion animal business.

“We have a team of experienced equestrians and long-time horse owners on staff who truly understand the unique bond people share with their horses.

We are genuinely proud to offer advanced nutrition that has been specifically formulated to help keep horses healthy and performing at their best.”

The new line of Lifeforce products offers several targeted supplements, including: Joint: • Designed to help maintain healthy cartilage and synovial fluid in joints.

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• Balanced formulation contains glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and MSM. • Made with antioxidants to aid in protecting against freeradical damage.

Digestion: • Made with yeast, probiotics and natural enzymes.

• Supports the ideal balance of beneficial gut bacteria.

• Alfalfa-based pellet enhances palatability and promotes consumption.

Calming: • Designed to help promote normal equine neural function.

• Balanced formula includes tryptophan, thiamine and organic magnesium for maximum effect.

• Palatable pellet promotes consumption.

Elite Performance: • Helps maintain healthy cartilage and synovial fluid in joints.

• Supports muscle endurance.

• Optimizes the digestive environment.

• Made with 100% organic trace minerals to support a healthy stress response.

Hoof: • Designed to enhance skin,

coat and hoof quality.

• Made with yeast cultures and organic zinc to support superior nutrient absorption.

• Extremely palatable oatmealand molasses-based pellet.

Weight Booster: • Contains 50% fat for ideal body condition.

• Rich in omega-3 fatty acids for improved skin and coat health.

• Formulated without additional sugars for cool energy.

Lifeforce was developed through decades of research on nutrition’s impact on genetic potential to include the ideal blend of ingredients for optimal health and performance. This unique approach has led to the development of highly effective products that are pure, perfectly modulated and 100% digestible.

These supplements are formulated to maximize horse health and performance with less impact on the environment.

From production to packaging, steps are being taken to reduce our carbon footprint, including utilizing 50% recycled materials.

For more information, visit www.lifeforcehorse.com

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36 WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS

Clean water available for livestock farmers worldwide T otal Water Care introduces all-in-one water filtration system for livestock farming!

Good drinking water cannot be taken for granted, but it is a crucial basic condition for healthy livestock farming.

Reduced water quality leads to production damage, such as: • more diseases • reduced growth • lower milk yield • poorer feed utilization Total Water Care stands for a total concept to guarantee the water quality from the source to the animal, so that livestock farmers and their animals are always assured of clean, fresh and tasty drinking water.

With the introduction of the skid mounted water filtration

system, Total Water Care boosts its mission of making clean drinking water available for livestock farmers worldwide.

Iron, manganese and hardness are the most common problems in well water. The waterskid cleans iron, manganese and water hardness to the right level.

Chris Dubbers, marketing manager at Total Water Care: “The system can produce up to 10,000 liters per hour / 80,000 liters per day. Sufficient to provide up to 500 milking cows, 300.000 broilers or layers and clean water every day!”

Total Water Care has integrated reliable and proven technologies in

a convenient and compact system. The waterskid is easy to transport, install, maintain and monitor.

The entire system is preinstalled on the frame and only needs to be connected between the water line and power system. Then it’s ready to start-up for producing clean drinking water.

For more information, contact info@summitwatersystems.nl or +31 (0)85-007 18 40

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EGG GRADING 37

THE IMPORTANCE OF UV DISINFECTION Cleaning not only the eggs but also the rollers

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oba egg graders are packed with technology. Some designs are worth further investigation as they represent crucial customer value. UV disinfection is a feature found on many types of food handling and processing machines, including egg graders. But what is it and why is it important?

The UV unit not only cleans eggs but also the rollers All Moba graders can be equipped with UV disinfection.

This system is a unit under which eggs rotate on rollers long enough to ensure that even the biggest egg will make at least one full rotation. Special lamps are mounted in this unit, emitting the most effective UV light. This UV-C light has a wavelength of 254nm and is used at an intensity that effectively reduces all forms of salmonella species.

This UV-C exists in sunlight but is for the most part filtered by our atmosphere. Lamps however can generate this type of light

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very effectively. And because it is the most dangerous type of light, special tunnel constructions protect the entry and exit of the unit so that no harmful light can escape.

The UV-C light not only reaches the eggshells but also shines directly on the rotating rollers. And this is perhaps even more important, as it prevents the rollers from building up contamination that could potentially cross-contaminate other eggs.

Repeated tests show the positive effect 99.9% of eggshell surface contamination is erased. This is called a log 3 reduction and in

itself provides a 1000x smaller risk. The results for heavily contaminated rollers are even better: after 7 passes under UV light the contamination is no longer measurable. The outcome of the first test in 2006 is available and has been scientifically published. Later tests have shown similar results. The tests also ensure that the egg content is not affected at all.

UV light is not a magic trick that solves all hygienic problems, but it is a very valuable step in a hygienic program. UV light is a natural phenomenon and is present in everyday sunlight.

Infected eggs are not perse cured by exposing them to UV but the chances for crosscontamination are reduced more than a thousand times.

The chance that the rollers of the grader itself become a source of cross-contamination is almost zero. Because of this, it forms a barrier that is difficult to pass for serious contamination, when used in combination with other good hygienic practices, of course.

In Omnia PX more use of UV All Moba machines can be equipped with a UV unit on the infeed roller conveyor. The Omnia PX series goes one step further than any other grader in the world. All egg touching surfaces have disinfecting properties and in some cases, this is also achieved by the use of UV light units. In other situations, where UV light is impossible to implement, industrial plastics with disinfecting properties called “Ovoshield” are used.

For more information, visit www.moba.net

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38 POULTRY

PREVENT PROJECT TO BOOST PROSPECTS FOR 150,000 BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCERS IN AFRICA

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n ambitious new 4-year project aims to help 150,000 small-scale poultry producers in Africa to become more productive and efficient by building their businesses and overall sustainability. The PREVENT project (Promoting and Enabling Vaccination Efficiently, Now and Tomorrow) will see more than 50 million hatcheryvaccinated day-old chicks distributed annually.

Improvement in poultry production is one of the most promising options to provide affordable protein and other essential nutrients to Africa’s rapidly growing population.

Each year, Africa’s population grows by the equivalent of another France (or Thailand) and is projected to double to

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together with practical advice and guidance from a team of field technicians.

To date, the effectiveness of poultry vaccination in Africa has been limited. High temperatures hamper distribution of vaccines, which mostly need to be kept cold. Combined with lack of information about circulating infectious diseases, rural producers can have their flocks and livelihood wiped out overnight.

By providing small-scale producers with better quality chicks, which are already effectively protected from the major infectious poultry diseases before they arrive on the farm, together with improved flock health and husbandry advice, the project aims to cut waste and make poultry production across the target countries much more sustainable.

Currently, major animal health businesses, such as

around 2.5 billion people by 2050. Currently, more than 250 million people in Africa are undernourished and almost one billion cannot afford a healthy diet. The trends for both are upwards.

The PREVENT project, a partnership between Ceva Santé Animale (a global veterinary health company) and GALVmed (a not-for-profit that makes livestock vaccines, medicines and diagnostics accessible to small-scale producers), with the support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, will work with 36 medium-sized hatcheries spread across eight Africa countries. The project will enable the hatcheries to provide high-quality, vaccinated day-old chicks to small-scale producers

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POULTRY 39

Ceva, focus their vaccine marketing efforts on largescale hatcheries. This project will enable Ceva, which is cofunding the project, to expand its focus to include mediumsized hatcheries and therefore extend the benefits of rearing hatchery-vaccinated chicks to more small-scale poultry producers.

Today, the absence of local technical support is also a major block to improving the efficiency of poultry production.

Field technicians will serve as the link between the hatcheries and producers, as well as providing advice and technical

support, they will also distribute vaccinated chicks to smallerscale producers giving them equal opportunity to grow their businesses.

The project plans to be gender transformative by aiming to have women actively participate in 60% of the small-scale poultry enterprises targeted.

Finally, the large-scale and geographically dispersed nature of the project will offer unprecedented levels of access and insight into the emerging commercial poultry sector in Africa. It is hoped that the information generated and

shared by the project will encourage other businesses, such as feed, genetics and equipment suppliers to invest and support the sector.

Enrique Pando, GALVmed’s Director for Commercial Development said: “GALVmed is committed to accelerating the availability of technologies that are beneficial for small-scale producers. We are happy to be part of this collaboration that will increase small-scale poultry producers’ access to healthy day-old-chicks, enabling them to reduce their production costs, expand their businesses and substantially increase their profit margins while improving their quality of life.”

For Ceva, Dr. Pierre-Marie Borne, Public Health Director and Ceva’s lead for the project commented: “The PREVENT project will make the latest technological innovations, such as, hatchery-vaccinated day-old chicks and technical support available to small-scale poultry farmers across Sub-Saharan Africa. This will strengthen and broaden poultry production in rural areas, enhancing the capacity of smaller farmers to respond to the enormous challenge of producing enough high-quality protein to meet the needs of Africa’s rapidly growing population.”

For more information, visit www.ceva.com

APRIL-JUNE 2021

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40 FISH FARMING

FISH FARMING TYPE ON THE WORLD

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ish farming is a form of aquaculture in which fish are raised in enclosures to be sold as food. It is the fastest growing area of animal food production. Today, about

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half the fish consumed globally are raised in these artificial environments. Commonly farmed species include salmon, tuna, cod, trout and halibut.

These “aquafarms” can take the

form of mesh cages submerged in natural bodies of water, or concrete enclosures on land.

Industrial-scale fish farms are popping up everywhere these days. Aquaculture has

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FISH FARMING 41

expanded about 14-fold since 1980. In 2012 its global output, from silvery salmon to homely sea cucumbers only a Chinese cook could love, reached more than 70 million tons— exceeding beef production clearly for the first time and amounting to nearly half of all fish and shellfish consumed on Earth. Population growth, income growth, and seafood’s heart-healthy reputation are expected to drive up demand by 35 percent or more in just the next 20 years. With the global catch of wild fish stagnant, experts say virtually all of that new seafood will have to be farmed.

There are mainly five type of fish farming on the worlds.

The first method is the cage system which use cages that are placed in lakes, ponds and oceans that contain the fish. This method is also widely referred to as off-shore cultivation. Fish are kept in the cage like structures and are “artificially fed” and harvested.

The fish farming cage method has made numerous technological advances over the years, especially with reducing diseases and environmental concerns. However, the number one concern of the cage

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method is fish escaping and being loose among the wild fish population.

The second method is irrigation ditch or pond systems for raising fish. This basic requirement for this method is to have a ditch or a pond that holds water. This is a unique system because at a small level, fish are fed by produce fish food through floating fish feed pellet machine, and the waste produced from the fish is then used to fertilize farmers’ fields. On a larger scale, mostly in ponds, the pond is selfsustaining as it grows plants and algae for fish food.

The third method of fish farming is called composite fish culture which is a type of fish farming that allows both local fish species and imported fish species to coexist in the same pond. The number of species depends, but it is sometimes upwards of six fish species in a single pond. The fish species are always carefully chosen to ensure that species can coexist and reduce competition for food.

The fourth method of fish farming is called integrated recycling systems which is considered the largest scale method of “pure” fish farming.

This approach uses large plastic tanks that are placed inside a greenhouse. There are hydroponic beds that are placed near the plastic tanks.

The water in the plastic tanks is circulated to the hydroponic beds, where the fish feed waste goes to provide nutrients to the plant crops that are grown in the hydroponic beds. The majority of types of plants that are grown in the hydroponic beds are herbs such as parsley and basil.

The last type of fish farming method is called classic fry farming this method is also known as “flow through system”. This is when sport fish species are raised from eggs and are put in streams and released.

Whether you’re raising fish in an offshore cage or in a filtered tank on land, you still have to feed them by fish feed extruder machine. They have one big advantage over land animals: You have to feed them a lot less. Fish need fewer calories, because they’re coldblooded and because, living in a buoyant environment, they don’t fight gravity as much. It takes roughly a pound of feed to produce a pound of farmed fish; it takes almost two pounds of feed to produce a pound of chicken, and about seven for a pound of beef. As a source of animal protein that can meet the needs of nine billion people with the least demand on Earth’s resources, aquaculture— particularly for omnivores like tilapia, carp, and catfish—looks like a good bet.

For more information, contact zenopelletmachine@gmail.com www.zenopelletmachine.com

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42 EQUINE

Author: Afra Saif Obaid Al Mheiri

Corresponding Author: Dr. Khaja Mohteshamuddin BVSc & AH, MVSc, MBA (HR), MRSB (UK)

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RESEARCH

Review on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Musculoskeletal Injury in Equines APRIL-JUNE 2021

EQUINE 43

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BSTRACT Stem cells therapy is one of the new fields in regenerative medicine and it is commonly used in equine practice in treating musculoskeletal injuries.

Although many studies have been conducted regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a regenerative therapy, the action of mechanism is still not fully understood and requires further investigation but other studies have shown its efficacy is healing damaged tissue without causing any complications.

Key Words: Equine, Stem cell therapy, musculoskeletal injury, mesenchymal stem cells INTRODUCTION Regenerative medicine is one of the new emerging fields in the medicine world that helps to repair damaged cells and tissues in both human and veterinary medicine. Stem cell therapy a growing field that is considered one of the regenerative therapies, it has gained a lot of interest in recent times due to its ability to regenerate tissue and differentiate into different cells and improve in healing and reduces scar formation (Voga, Adamic, Vengust, & Majdic, 2020).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is mostly used in repairment of musculoskeletal (orthopaedic) injuries in horses, but further studies has proven that stem cell therapy can also be used in variety of animal species in different types of diseases like cancer.

This review highlights on the definition of stem cells, how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are put to use in treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses, and the future of stem cell therapy in veterinary medicine.

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BACKGROUND AND MECHANISM OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS Mesenchymal stem cells are adult stem cells that can be found in all tissues and organs of the body. The main function of the mesenchymal stem cells are repairing and replacing the dead or damaged cells caused by diseases or mechanical traumas without causing an inflammatory response by initiating the regeneration process, moreover, mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells (Ito & Suda, 2015). The cell proliferation and differentiation influenced and activated by the cell signaling (autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine or intra- cellular) that helps in gaining information about the type of tissue needed in a particular lesion (F. Ferraro, C. L. Celso, and D. Scadden, 2010). The release of a class of small molecules is capable of binding to the specific receptors on the surface of stem cells and cells of the immune system, called chemokines, is one of the ways to replicate these signals. In this way, the greater the activation of receptor and the greater the

favoritism for a positive allosteric gradient, the greater the interaction between the ligand and the receptor and the higher the number of ligands is. (G. J. P. Westen, A. Gaulton, and J. P. Overington, 2014). Hence the signaling triggers a cellular response that activates the process of proliferation and/or cell differentiation, in addition to migration. The better the allosteric gradient is the faster the stem cell receive signals to perform different capacities, in the case of cell replacement the best type of stem cell that has a quick response to the chemotactic signals and aids in cell replacement is mesenchymal stem cells (T. J. Kean, P. Lin, A. I. Caplan, and J. E. Dennis, 2013).

Studies have shown that the MSC have the ability to produce immuno-modulatory molecules that inhibits the function of the immune system cells, for example, it inhibits the activation and proliferation of the macrophages and the natural killer cells and regulate the differentiation of the B cells to make the site of injury an anti-inflammatory environment and proliferate and differentiate without being rejected by the

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44 EQUINE

immune system of the body. (Negi & Griffin, 2020).

The process of migration, proliferation and differentiation is called (Cell Homing) which is the mechanism that is important for activeness of cell therapy.

Cell homing is activated and it stimulates the tissue repairing once the injury has occurred.

When the injured site turns hypoxic, it causes the activation of hypoxia- inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which induced the release of (Cytokines) like storms derived factors-1, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

These cytokines cross through the blood streams and reaches the injury site and activates the cell differentiation into the types of cells needed for repairing and healing (Fig1). Furthermore, when the cell homing is activated, it activates the immune system where the mobilization of adult stem cells are known as MSC and many other cells. The main concern in the adult stem cells is their ability to recognize the homing mechanism and signaling,

in addition to the directions to the injury site and to repair (Markoski.

M, 2016). There has been some evidence that states that the MSC does not stay at the site of the injury (C. De Schauwer, G.Van de Walle, A.Van Soom, E. Meyer, 2013). A study was made by Quin- tavalla et al. (2002), fluorescently labeled MSC were injected in cartilage injury in goats and loss of the injected MSC were seen 14 days later, the MSC were found in deeper are of the injury which proved the migration of the injected MSC (Quin- tavalla et al.

2002).

Experiment have been done both in vivo and in vitro to determine mechanism of MSC in the tissue, although there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how MSC functions, In vitro experiments, the ability to differentiate was conformed via formation of tissue using histological staining. But, in vivo, the tissue formation in, for example articular cartilage cannot be compared to the tissue found in vitro, which means that in vitro

Figure 1: Differentiation of adult stem cells into different cells for tissue repairing

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tissue formation does not indicate the clinical usefulness of MSC. Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from non-haemopoietic bone marrow stroma and can change or differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, fibroblasts and bone marrow stroma (Tuan et al.

2003). (Fig.2). Mesenchymal stem cells can be recovered from a broad range of tissue and organ and from different ages like Bone Marrow, Cartilage, Tendon, Fat, Blood, Dermis, Synovial Fluid and Muscle. (Taylor SE, Smith RK, Clegg PD, 2007) Mesenchymal stem cells can also be isolated from the neonatal organs including lung, spleen, kidneys and pancreas as well as fatal blood and bone marrow and the umbilical cord. (In ’t Anker et al.

2004).

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF MSC IN VETERINARY MEDICINE Until now stem cells has been applied mostly experimentally in different species of animals, but stem cell therapy nowadays is mostly used in dogs and horses mostly for musculoskeletal system diseases, it has also been used in cats for inflammatory, respiratory and other types of diseases.

Although the clinical applications are limited, stem cell therapy has shown a positive effect in the musculoskeletal diseases.

TENDONS There are a wide range of animals that are used in different sports activities like hunting and bull fighting. Stem cell therapy is usually applied on racing animals because it is the common sport that causes most of the musculoskeletal injuries such as injuries in the tendons (tendinopathies), bones and

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EQUINE 45

Figure 2: Multiple differentiation pathway of the mesenchymal stem cell cartilages of the animals.

Naturally when an injury occurs, the injury heals by the process of scar formation, which in comparison to a healthy tissue, is much more insufficient, which may affect the structure, mobility and the function of the tendon or the ligament of the horse and may promote re-injury, this can affect the performance of the racing horses which sequentially, causes economic losses due to the extra physical training and long duration of treatment and recovery. The usual approach of therapy in case of tendinopathies in equines are cooling, bandaging the tendon and a long duration of rehabilitation and exercise as well as use of medications like anti-inflammatory drugs, but often these approaches ends up with surgical intervention which does not allow complete tissue healing and effects the performance, therefore, the most suitable approach can be the use of stem cells in order to regenerate the tendon in a better way. Regenerative stem cell therapy helps in forming collagen fibers and recovering the

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normal process of collagen fibres and achieves the normal tendon activity with lesser chances of re-injuries to the tendon (Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. 2020). Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into different cells depending on the site of the injury, it is therefore considered as a useful candidate for regeneration of tissue in equine medicine, especially in musculoskeletal injuries or stress induced injuries.

Tendons are basically fibrous tissue with connective tissue and collagen fibers that are attached to the bones, when a tendon is damaged it require a large influx of cell and require production of new fibrous tissue but with insufficient mechanical characteristics, the tendon performance weakens and increases the risk of re-injuries.

Sine the tendons are composed of high levels of collagen fibers, the injury directly induces the process of cell homing which allows rapid tissue healing when the stem cells are injected at the injury site.

(Markoski, M. 2016).

Stem cells from adipose tissue or bone marrow are used

in case of tendinopathies for tendon regeneration. The first implantation of autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMMSC) was reported in 2003 (Smith RK, Korda M, Blunn GW, Goodship AE. 2003). A cohort study was done in 141 racehorses that had superficial digital flexor tendon injury, all of the horses were injected intralesional injections of autologous BMMSC and the results showed a decrease in the rate of re-injuries in all horses within 2 years. It turned out that 44.7% of hunt racehorses and Graph 1: graph showing comparison of re-injury rates of different treatments in comparison with MSC treatment.

And 25% of flat racehorses had returned bask to racing and were still racing. (Graph 2).

(E. E. Godwin, N. J. Young, J. Dudhia, I. C. Beamish and R. K. W. Smith, 2011). The rate of the reduction was similar to another study that was done similarly to horses that were treated with hyaluronan, beta aminopropionitrile fumarate or polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (Markoski, M. 2016).

Studies showed that autologous BMMSC therapy in cases of tendinopathies cause formation of tissue that resembled the normal tendon matrix comparing to the natural tissue healing process that causes formation of fibrous tissue. Another study showed very satisfying results regarding the allogenic mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the case of tendon and ligament disorder, for example, tendinitis of superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, however, autologous bone marrow or adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy has poor or little effect on surgically induced injuries to the flexor tendons (Markoski, M. 2016).

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Graph 1: Comparison of re-injury rates of different treatments in comparison with MSC treatment.

Graph 2: Comparison between horses traded with MSC returning to racing and participating in 3 and 5 races in comparison with another study where the horses were treated by the normal approach.

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JOINTS Joint diseases are one of the common causes that causes chronic lameness and ends or destroys the racing career for race horses. The most common joint diseases that effects the horses is Osteoarthritis. When the damaged occurs to the articular cartilage, ligament or the menisci, it usually causes poor prognosis with limited or insufficient repair, especially for the race horses because of the hypo-cellular and avascular environment of the articular cartilage. (Voga, Adamic, Vengust, & Majdic, 2020).

Other than horses, Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) has been used in treating dogs with coxo-femoral joint osteoarthritis. A double blinded study was done in (14) dogs where (AD-MSC) cells were injected intraarticularly in the hip joint of the dogs, after the examination the veterinarians saw signs of improvement in the scores for lameness and pain, and the mobility in comparison with control dogs.

(Black LL, Gaynor J, Gahring D, Adams C, Aron D, Harman S, Gingerich DA, Harman R. 2007).

One of the most common disorder in horses in bone spavin which is the final degenerative phase of osteoarthritis. The usual therapeutic approach in case of bone spavin is use of antiinflammatory corticosteroids in order to minimize the pain as well as the inflammation. A study was done on 16 horses which suffered with bone spavin. The horses were injected intra-articualarly with Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AD-MSC). 180 days after the treatment, the results showed no signs of lameness in comparison of the control group that are untreated. Scintigraphy examination was done to conform the results and it shows no

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inflammation in the tarsal joins of the horses in comparison of the untreated control group which had signs of inflammation.

In another study that was done in 80 horses suffering with osteoarthritis, all 80 horses were treated with AD-MSC, and all 80 horses showed decrease in score of lameness in the 90 day follow up which confirmed the beneficial effect of the AD-MSC (Voga, Adamic, Vengust, & Majdic, 2020).

APPLICATION OF STEM CELL THERAPY IN THE UAE The UAE has been recently focusing and expanding its ways to use regenerative therapies and among these improvements, In September 2007, the California-based company Vet-Stem collaborated with Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL) and offered them adipose derived adult stem cell for animal therapy throughout the Middle East. Not only it is used in race horses and endurance horses but also it has been used in racing camels with joint and ligaments injuries.

DISCUSSION Although the stem cell therapy has shown promising result, it does not mean that other approaches or methods of treatment are not effective.

In the first study that was discussed in the review where it involved 141 racehorses it showed that the rate of the re-injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendinopathy was reduced after treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and comparing to the other study that was done by (O, Meara et al. 2010) where the study was done to evaluate the re-injury rate with the usual approach of treatment, the number of the

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Figure 3: Ultrasonographic imaging of the superficial digital flexor tendon lesion before and after treatment with 2x 10^6 mesenchymal stem cell re-injuries were higher than the reinjuries that occurred in the horses that are treated with mesenchymal stem cells as it is shown if Fig 3, in addition, after 2 years follow up around 44.7% of hunt racehorses

and 25% of flat racehorses had returned back to racing and were still racing.

In the study that was done in case of osteoarthritis, adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell

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were injected in 16 horses with bone spavin and it showed that 180 days later there were no signs of inflammation or lameness comparing to the control group that had both of the clinical signs.

These results are similar to the other study mentioned in the review where they injected adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in 80 horses suffering with osteoarthritis. These results were also similar to the study done by (Black LL, Gaynor J, Gahring D, Adams C, Aron D, Harman S, Gingerich DA, Harman R. 2007) in dogs with coxofemoral joint osteoarthritis.

All of the results shown in these studies were promising result that conformed that mesenchymal stem cell therapy can be an effectives method of therapy of musculoskeletal diseases in horses and other animals species as well since it is able differentiate into the needed cell in the tissue and induce tissue healing and preparing without causing any adverse effect like pain and inflammation, also it reduces the scar formation which helps in regaining the normal function of the effected part.

CONCLUSION This review illustrated that stem cell therapy is one of the promising regenerative therapies that can be used in verity of animals, but specially in treating injuries of the bones, tendons and cartilage of the horses and the most suitable type of stem cell that helps in regeneration and aids in tissue preparing is the bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell. Although studies have been done throughout the years, yet it still needs more time and effort to understand the actual mechanism of the stem cell therapy and whether it can be

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used for other types of diseases and other animal species.

R. K. W. Smith. Implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates improved outcome

* This is a part of a senior project

in horses with overstrain injury of

submitted by the first author to the

the superficial digital flexor tendon

Department of Veterinary Medicine for

Equine Veterinary Journal 2ISSN

the award of Bachelor of Veterinary

0425-1644 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-

Medicine Degree.

3306.2011.00363.x.

Authors:

requirements for the maintenance

Afra Saif Obaid Al Mheiri is a

of self-renewing stem cells,” Nature

Senior Veterinary Medicine Student at

Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol. 15,

Department of Veterinary Medicine,

no. 4, pp. 243– 256, 2014.

Ito K. and T. Suda, “Metabolic

College of Food and Agriculture,

Kean T.J., P. Lin, A. I. Caplan, and

United Arab Emirates University

J. E. Dennis, “MSCs: delivery routes and

Dr. Khaja Mohteshamuddin is

engrament, cell-targeting strategies,

an instructor at Veterinary Medicine -

and immune modulation,” Stem Cells

College of Food and Agriculture,

International, vol. 2013, Article ID

United Arab Emirates University

732742, 13 pages, 2013.

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For further information and references, contact Dr. Khaja Mohteshamuddin T: +971 37136595 Email: drkhaja707@uaeu.ac.ae P.O. Box No. 15551, Al Ain, UAE

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