Material Migrations Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis by Matt Caldar

Matt Caldar

Material Migrations MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

Master of Landscape Architecture Design Research Compendium RMIT

Consolidated Project Works

FINDING A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL TECTONIC PRACTICE AT THE FORMER MARIBYRNONG MIGRANT HOSTEL

AS2700 T53 Peacock Blue

2020

Material Migrations

This project is situated on the Eastern Kulin Nation, on lands and waters which have not been ceded. Material Migrations acknowledges the Woiwurrung and Boonwurrung language groups of the Eastern Kulin nation. It respects and pays respect to the elders and its people of the past, of the present, and of the future. Addtionally, I acknowledge the first nation lands that have contributed to where I stand today. I pay my respects to the elders of the lands of my childhood, the Darumbal, the Kaurna, and the Palawa elders in Lutriwita, my stepfather's lands.

Submitted By Matt Caldar RMIT College of Design and Social Context School of Architecture and Urban Design Master of Landscape Architecture Design Research Final Project 2020 Course Coordinators Alice Lewis, Jen Lynch, Dr Charles Anderson Tutor: Project B Alice Lewis Tutors: Project A Candice Teok Zoe Loomes Project Guidance Liz Herbert Additional Project Guidance Cassandra Chilton Alistair Kirkpatrick Jen Lynch Kyle Bush Simon Robinson Steve Mintern Dr Heike Rahmann Emily Wong

Material Migrations Finding a Landscape Architectural Tectonic Practice at the Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel

How can a tectonic approach to landscape architecture cultivate awareness of the immaterial forces that migrate into the materials in the act of practice?

Acknowledgement Acknowledgement

his project wouldn’t have been possible without the time and energy contributed by many individuals in assisting in revealing, discussing, and exploring this project with me. For being my community of practice, I give you my heartfelt thanks.

Firstly to my Project B tutor, Alice Lewis, and to the Project A tutors; Candice Teok, and Zoë Loomes. To Liz Herbert for her generosity in all the discussions and contributing so much of her time, patience and guidance. To Cassandra Chilton in adding to the conversation about her practice, work, art and view, in addition to critiquing the first semester's work. Victoria University for coordinating a site visit and making available the Conservation Management Plan, historical site drawings, and Heritage Assessment of the Former Student Village. To Charles Anderson and Mary Papaioannou for reviewing and critiquing the final thesis. To Alistair Kirkpatrick for the fantastic Project A feedback, his perspectives and imparting a knowledge that there is always help available and patiently listening to a

mush of ideas and concepts. To Simon Robinson and Steve Mintern for the Project A feedback, and plenty of food for thought launching into the second half of the project. Gaby Carrasco for discussing and sharing her major project. To Emily Wong, for my first ever project discussion, To Kyle Bush for patiently explaining what design research was. Jen Lynch for providing feedback on my work, and along with Alice Lewis, expertly guiding Project B as course coordinator. To Claire Martin for imparting the importance of undertaking the MLA. To Kate Church for helping map out the MLA, and likewise to Bridget Keane for sitting down with me in 2016, the first semester of my first year of the BLAD, without which navigation to the final project would've been a much more difficult journey. To my partner, Maddie Scott-Jones for being my isolation-mate, unable to escape the year long conversation (in fact a 5 year long conversation of practice) even in the midst of a global pandemic.

“Fight close to the bull!” Marcelo Stamm, Measures of Distance

“Landscape architecture is applied explanation.” Gunther Vogt “Speaking to landscape on its own terms.” Will Muhleisen “I answer with building.” Alvar Alto when asked how he responds to theoretical questions. “Activism is not the only way architecture can be political.” Venturi and Brown, Complexity and Contradiction

“It’s incredibly difficult to run forward and be stopping at the same time.” Kate Orff

Robert Rauschenberg, Combine

viii

Abstract

ntent to intervention are guiding principles of the landscape architecture spatial project. Yet the constructive role of the immaterial, such as knowledge, values and time, is a little explored area of landscape architectural theory and practice. Kenneth Frampton’s tectonic theory provides a way of engaging with the immaterial by considering the poetics of construction, exploring the link of the idea and making, or the migration of the immaterial thought and experience to material manifestations. This design research project uses tectonics as a framework to find ways of operating at this moment of making within landscape architecture. I am enabling my practice to become more aware and sensitive to the role of landscape architecture as participant within an ecological, economic, cultural, and temporal continuum.

knowledge, with time and socio-cultural values. This project actively works with the composite nature of the site to activate and understand the tectonic concept and focus attention toward the immaterial forces which have materialised in site. Operating as a framework for understanding my own role as a landscape architect, I am materialising this site now through my own knowledge, time and values.

Material Migrations interrogates the role of landscape and the landscape architect through developing a proposal for a Victoria University Maribyrnong Campus Project (VUMCP) at the site of the former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel and Detention Centre. The site is a composite of many overlays and histories, as is (and has been) the landscape architects which have intervened in the site with material and immaterial

This tectonic approach makes it necessary for landscape architects to acknowledge their own role in the built environment as constructive practitioners-by-representation. By doing this it allows for awareness of actions in this space and recognises its presence, expanding the ability to interrogate practice and the forces causing material migrations.

Bringing forth of my tectonic practice is conducted through an inquisitive and composite drawing practice that migrates ideas into material conception. This process reveals the layers of site which are acting in the multiple and through the process of drawing, gives the opportunity for tectonic expression to arise.

Within Drawer Drawing Out Drawing In Drawing From Drawing With Drawing Conclusions “give motion to by the act of pulling” Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia

Table of Contents Acknowledgment Abstract

PREAMBLE INTRODUCTION

Chapter 01

14 16 17 18 20 22

Breaking the Fourth Wall Ambition Project Schema Method and Techniques Introduction to Tectonic Theory Precedent Projects

FRAMEWORK

Chapter 02

28 30 31 32

Tectonic Theory In Architecture In Landscape Architecture Applications

PROPOSED

Chapter 03

36 38 40 42-45 46 48 50-57

Brief Victoria University in Context The Campus Masterplan Studies: Universities Maribyrnong Campus Maribyrnong Campus Masterplan Interventions: Shelter: Cut , Fold, Traverse

MATERIAL

Chapter 04

60-79 80-89 90-97 98-101 102-109

Material Histories Material Matrix Preliminary Interventions: Material Lens Test Masterplan Studies: Repurposed Migrant Hostels Interventions: Juncture, Purposed, Layering

IMMATERIAL

Chapter 05

112 114-119 120 122-127 128-139 140-143 144-151

Immaterial Histories Immigration and Detention Emily "Millie" Gibson Finding Practice: Knowledge, Values, Time Preliminary Interventions: Material Lens Test Masterplan Studies: Removed Migrant Camps Interventions: Entrance as Story, Integration, Reconfigurement

MIGRATIONS

Chapter 06

154 158-169 170-177 178-189 190-203 204-211 214

Masterplan Studies:A Landscape Architect Knowledge Values Time Migrations as Campus Conclusion Project FAQ

MIGRATORY PATHS

Chapter 07

218 220-231 232

Preliminary Masterplans Preliminary Projects Project A Poster

APPENDIX

Chapter 08

236-239 240 242-245

Site Photos Additional Documentation Bibliography

Introduction Chapter I The Narrative

• • • • • •

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Breaking the Fourth Wall Ambition Project Schema Method and Techniques Introduction to Tectonic Theory Precedent Projects

“I never separate out ecology from design. I never say here's the thing and here's the ecological meadow restoration. I always describe everything we do holistically. In terms of human experience and the need for texture.” Kate Orff

Australian Standard AS2700 “Colour Standards for General Purpose”

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Breaking the Fourth Wall

To facilitate in becoming aware of the layers of spatial work we're peering in through layers of story with this project as meta-fiction, aware of itself, and breaking through the fourth wall to the student and their speculative work. We'll commence at the first layer, the proposed campus, then break into the underlying material forces, a proposed tectonic registration. We’ll uncover the immaterial, and its emanation in the proposed. Finally stepping off the stage, we’ll inquire to the designer, and the

migratory movements of these forces to the design and back to me, the student. At an intersection of competing forces tectonics is concerned with the made, as is my interest as a soon to be graduate of landscape architecture. As this project inquires to the multiple of the immaterial layers influencing the made, these processes of constructive practice shape the outcomes expressed as spatial project. In this project I am exploring explicitly these (im)materials, both on their journey and outcome.

MATERIAL

KNOWLEDGE VALUES TIME

PROJECT TRAJECTORY

SPATIAL WORKERS

IMMATERIAL

KNOWLEDGE VALUES TIME

“A project exploring the slow-loading-picture-like process of developing a spatially designed project. A student with knowledge values and time, examining the knowledge values and time of landscape architecture, designing a university campus masterplan which endeavours to provide students with knowledge, values and time. It takes note of the material of this process in of itself a series of layers and lens shaped by the author.” Author

Project Schema Blazing Saddles, 1974

Site Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel

Proposed Project Intervention Tectonics

Material Layers The Tangible

Immaterial

Forces The Intangible

Migrations

Practice Student to graduate of landscape architecture

Ambition There is an embedded environmental agenda in the aims and goals of the profession that is unique compared to other built professions that landscape architecture operates alongside. This project acknowledges that, and rather than offering further environmental work, Material Migrations instead focuses on the challenges and opportunities of the profession in its process and outcomes, with the opportunities therein. Learning how to operate through the processes and layers already in motion, fighting for a seat at the table and learning how to make compelling cases. Like the history of the environmental movements shows, preaching the good

and its importance isn't enough to gain a foothold to move from a marginal consideration to a priority, as the current political environment is testimony of. Empathy and knowledge of what our, and our fellow spatial practitioners work is in actuality might be a way in. To hold environmental knowledge and an advocacy instinct, but willing acknowledge and adopt methods, migrating these skills through an environmental agenda providing an ability to design tectonically and provide design processes in a built professional avenue. In short, learning how to place the large in the small of landscape architecture.

Large in the Small of Landscape Architecture Environmental agenda

Built profession

How to make change

Procurement of work

Seat at the table

Valued and legible

Knowledge and skills

Scope

Agile and useful

Practice

Implementation

Large in the Small of Landscape Architecture Schema, (aka, How To Transition Aims into Actions?)

AIMS INTO ACTIONS

Representation

Project Schema “Every practitioner of landscape architecture, every graduate of a landscape program is grappling with a similar thing. Which is; how do you both exist and persist as a part of society, an active participant in society while trying to make radical change at the same time”

Understanding work through a composite narrative.

Kate Orff

KNOWLEDGE VALUES TIME

MATERIAL EXPRESSED EMBEDDED

Material

PROJECT TRAJECTORY

A Tectonic expression

Tectonics

Immaterial

REMEMBERED REPRESENTED KNOWLEDGE VALUES TIME

IMMATERIAL

Layers Intervention

Forces IMMATERIAL

MATERIALISATION

CONSIDERATIONS

PROCESS

A composite material that operates in time and space.

Application METHODS HAND DRAWING

Theory

SKETCH

LORE/LAW

CAD

CONCEPTS

PHYSICAL MODEL

CULTURE

HISTORY VALUES TIME Site

THEORY

BLOCKS

STUDIES

STANDARDS

MASSING

LIBRARY OF RESOURCES

3D MASSING PRINT

DRAWING INTERPRETATION AND DISSEMINATION

CRITIQUE

SPATIALISED OUTCOME VIA: DRAWINGS AND WORDS

FUNDING

Practice

EXPERIENCE

DESIGN

COMMUNITY

INTERVENTION

KNOWLEDGE

STRATEGY

This Project

Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG GOAL 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Life on Land SDG GOAL 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions SDG GOAL 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

A Multi-Modal Practice While I am a spatial designer, drawing is the practice employed.

drawing practice in this inquiry. Drawing in many modes, interested in the multiple.

The analogue and digital have been pursued as mediums and methods in developing a practice and of exploration in revealing this project. Its a process of aims into actions within the many layers of a tectonic lens. I have developed and continue to develop a multi-modal

The project framework sees the node of choice, a drawer is tethered to a spatial component in time, materiality and representation. Material Migrations deploys its finiteness through the the drawing and its lens.

100[m]

“We draw with the responsibility to build” Flores & Prats

Sketch Is a clear and concise format to explore and test. A tool that invites an additive method of making. Ideas can be both formal and ad-hoc. Notes of concepts, fold over free sketching, which in turn fold over key project development progress. Setting an agenda and changes it. Both in ways a formal drawing cannot, while simultaneously containing its own materiality.

Trace Can encapsulate many ideas and is transferable within and without of computational tool knowledge. They contain intention put onto a roll of trace. A node of the materialisation process towards spatial intervention. This can be further refined by more formal computational methods, but before this commences, they provide the opportunity to regard the immaterial concept outside of the written word, or thought, held to be shared.

CAD Computer Aided Drawing enables detailed work to occur over many layers with many inputs of transferable information and drawings. It standardises the work down to the ubiquitous CAD line. An abstracted spatial design conventional representation.

3D Model Providing a further dimension to the way which to reveal designs, digital modelling can be used to rapidly provide a dimensionality and materiality to representations that the above methods generally lack. While landscape architects have been slow to adopt in their practice with the greater challenges of plant representational tools, its increasingly becoming an important tool.

“The representation leads to the thought, it is the latter’s beginning. However, the design thought process does not end in the representation.” Teresa Belo Rodeia, Thinking as drawing: Reflections on a Drawing That No Longer Exists.

Introduction to Tectonic Theory

Kenneth Frampton’s tectonic theory considers the poetics of construction, exploring the link of the idea and making. It describes spatial design as a craft of materials, and its underlying immaterial forces and behaviours. Despite the fact landscape architects already operate using the principles of tectonics, it is underdeveloped as an area of exploration. As a theoretical framework in landscape architecture it is relevant because it: 1. Opens up new areas of landscape architectural discourse. 2.

Operates in the shared intersection of architecture and landscape architecture.

Enables a sophisticated constructive practice.

4. Provides language for discussion of a landscape architect’s actions and work beyond a good/bad binary.

Tectonic Theory

Entrance - Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel

“Tectonic theory, as described by architectural theorist Kenneth Frampton in Studies in Tectonic Culture, negotiates the relationship between constructive practice and theoretical ideals (Frampton, 1995). Despite the combination of theory and construction inherent to landscape architecture, tectonic theory has yet to develop in the discipline. Lack of discourse about tectonics is a missed opportunity that may prevent the full development of landscape architecture’s disciplinary potential. Information and ideas about how landscape architects can and should construct sites are present in many books, built works, and minds. However, no channel of discourse is dedicated to the consideration of the relationship of constructive practice and theory. Without a coherent, cohesive, and critical discourse on the subject, the knowledge and thinking present within the discipline cannot be organized, collectively discussed, or effectively pushed forward. Tectonic theory provides a framework in which ideas about landscape construction can be collected and arranged, allowing landscape architects and theorists to recognize patterns and discuss best practices. This thesis works to rectify the void, at least in part, by developing a tectonic theory for landscape architecture and thereby providing a basis upon which collective discussion of tectonic theory might develop.”

no channel of discourse is dedicated to the consideration of the relationship of constructive practice and theory.

Janet Ruth Broughton, Tectonic Sites: Structuring The Landscape With Textile-Derived Construction Techniques, Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012

Central Park drainage section Depositing Chambers and Filter West Side of Lake,1861 Jane Hutton, Substance and Structure I: The Material Culture of Landscape Architecture

Section of Central Park from 5th to 8th Avenues, 1857 Jane Hutton, Substance and Structure I: The Material Culture of Landscape Architecture

Precedent Projects These precedent projects reveal the multiple of the (im)material layers influencing the made. Navigating the multiple in drawing practice and narrative the projects register this at the tectonic. The materialisation process has been more than an exercise in documentation and construction.

•

Building 100 Pedestrian Improvement Project - Openwork

•

Victorian Emergency Services Memorial - Rush Wright Associates

•

Liasanden Rest-Stop - Jensen & Skodvin

ARCHITECTS

REPRESENT

SPATIAL WORKERS

GROUND

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

Building 100 Pedestrian Improvement Project - Openwork "Timber, a foil to the hardness of the Design Hub plaza" Mark Jacques

Drawing Practice: Point Cloud Scan Hand Modelling Collage

Bluestone Plinth 1:33 massing of the Design Hub building adjacent. A timber knoll holds the crest of the plaza to both deter and invite.

An asymmetrical figure on site frames the making and assembling of the timber joinery.

Tectonic: Notched timber Timber Joinery Steel Framework Bluestone Plinth

Narrative: Hostile Vehicle Bollard Public Bench Design Hub Homage Design Hub Rebel Medium of interaction

1:500 @ A1

Victorian Emergency Services Memorial - Rush Wright Associates Drawing Practice: Sketch Clay Modelling 3D Modelling

"We're acting participants in the process... how can we (landscape architects) use material that has dual meaning." Cassandra Chilton

Stonework and garden bed uses the weave of the existing pond to splice in a memorial garden. The flush splayed stonework registers the emergency services it memorialises.

Tectonic: Gniess Rock Splayed stonework Bronze name markers Pteridophytes

Memorialising in stone figurework, large boulders hoisted into the ground at Treasury Gardens.

Narrative: Memorial Garden Pteridomania Marking a Region Medium of interaction

1:250 @ A1

Liasanden Rest-Stop - Jensen & Skodvin "The architects’ statement is very selfconscious; they are at pains to describe how they have brought both idea and material to the site, as if they were interchangeable. That is, that they are both things. Thought drawing, ideas, method, stones, rope, sticks, pipes, even the cars"

Drawing Practice: On site observations Detailed surveying In-situ construction

Peter Brew

Wrapped tree guards. A timber and rope detail to take up the dimension of the trunk.

Additive rather than subtractive, shallow depressions are filled with gravel to depths of protection for the trees giving the road it’s dimension of width.

Tectonic: Gravel Datum Rope Lashings Additive

Narrative: Highway Rest Area Road Garden Testing Ground

Medium of interaction

1:1000 @ A1

FRAMEWORK Chapter II The Origin Story

• • • •

Tectonic Theory In Architecture In Landscape Architecture Applications

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Tectonic Theory

(a very very abridged version)

Vitruvius Pollio’s treatise De Architectura (circa 27 BC) Ten Books of Architecture First western book that describes engineering, town planning, architecture and landscape architecture Book 1: Chapter 3: firmitas, utilitas and venustas* (integrity, utility, and beauty) 1.

Gottfried Semper’s Theory of Style. Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; or, Practical Aesthetics (1863) Explains the craft of making arose due to the intrinsic properties of the materials used in their execution. 2.

Kenneth Frampton's Studies in Tectonic Culture (1995) Providing a tectonic reading of design. The study of the expressive potential of constructional technique with focus on the building and how things are built.3.

Material Migration

1. ("Philosophy of Architecture > Philosophy and the Tradition of Architectural Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", 2020) 2. Jane Hutton, Substance and Structure I: The Material Culture of Landscape Architecture, 2020

3. Janet Ruth Broughton, Tectonic Sites: Structuring The Landscape With TextileDerived Construction Techniques, Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012

*Ian Thompson's book: Ecology, Community and Delight: sources of value in landcape architecture (1999) Posits Book 1 as a book of garden design with integrity as ecology and utility as community.

TECTONIC THEORY

ARCHITECTS

REPRESENT

SPATIAL WORKERS

GROUND

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

STEREOTOMICS

Tectonics: a process of structures and practice operating with existing materials in an intersection of spatial representing (and representation), this being tectonics. The City of Melbourne standard bluestone paver. A material choice decided by the volcanic plains of the west. With this knowledge there is a direct link known between the conditions that determine Melbourne's architectural material choices and the Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVC) of the grassland plains they're built upon. Therefore tectonic theory can operate at this juncture, manifesting forces in materials.

Geological Survey Of Victoria, Victoria State Government

“Material practice is the shift from asking “What does this mean?” to “What does this do?” Jesse Reiser and Nanako Umemoto , Atlas of Novel Tectonics

Coal, a rock, a source of fuel, and a commodity, but was once a forest, huge ferns, massive dragon flies. Evolution from plant to rock. “The stones tables, technologies, words, and edibles that confront us as fixed are mobile internally heterogeneous materials whore rate of speed and pace of change are slow compared to the duration and velocity of the human bodies participating in and perceiving them. “Objects” appear as such because their becoming proceeds at a speed, or a level below the threshold of human discernment. Jane Bennett, Vibrant Matter

City of Melbourne Standard Sawn Bluestone Paver 995 x 495 x 40mm, with 2mm chamfer

“The viridic, like the tectonic, is not about material as an object, but an active shaping interaction between the material and the person shaping it. The material becomes catalyzed—in fact, becomes the material—on the basis of that shaping.” Julian Raxworthy, Mainfesto of the Viridic, Overgrown

Architecture Established Discourse Architecture has embraced the tectonic in both its constructive and theoretical realms. Often most easily seen exhibited as form or object. Only regarding this however is an oversimplification of the forces at work, and ignores the manifestations being exhibited in the materials observed.

Scans of: Angelo Candalepas: Australian Islamic Mission, courtesy of Mietta Mullaly

"For unlike planning, the success or failure of architecture rests finally on its specificity, and no account of circumstances will ever account for the works as such" Jesse Reiser, Nanako Umemoto, Atlas of Novel Tectonics, p18

Landscape Architecture Emerging Discourse Landscape architecture has traditionally had no such theoretical relationship to the tectonic, with the constructive elements of the profession hidden from view of the theorist and only engaged with by the landscape designer on site. This disjunct has only increased as the profession sought its meaning and practice in ever larger scales, operating as a aesthetisied quasi-planner. However, the practice of landscape architects has recently begun to embrace its gardening and constructive elements and as such the tectonic elements are further presenting themselves to the fore.

Material

Materialisation

Immaterial

Material

When Mark Jacques states the use of timber as “a foil to the hardness of the Design Hub Plaza” in regards to Openwork’s project, he is using tectonic language. The material of the project, timber in this case, with the forces shaping it, and what it is shaping. This ‘doing’ is performative and vitally, acting in a meta-physical sense. The ‘foil to the hardness’ demonstrates this interrogation of its material components in relationship with its immaterial qualities.

Applications Despite the fact landscape architects already operate using the principles of tectonics, it is underdeveloped as an area of exploration as a theoretical framework in landscape architecture. However, it is relevant because it: 1.

Opens up new areas of landscape architectural discourse.

Operates in the shared intersection of architecture and landscape architecture.

Enables a sophisticated constructive practice.

Provides language for discussion of a landscape architect’s actions beyond a good/bad binary.

flower

petiole

leaf apex mid rib

lamina

leaf margin

Node internode

stem

Grevillea olivacea

This project seeks to demonstrate that landscape architects already operate using the principles of bringing forth the immaterial into the material. Unpacking and packing with the forces in the materialisation is a fundamental part of thinking and making in the profession. Acknowledging and inquiring to its existence enables the following to occur: 1. Opens up new areas of landscape architectural discourse: Discussing the materiality of thoughts and ideas, not as they are, but as a landscape architectural expression, gives the drawings a ‘responsibility to build’. This attempt to spatialise pushes the drawing and therefore the discussion past the diagrammatic, into its purpose, a representation. 2. Operates in the shared intersection of architecture and landscape architecture: Landscape architects and architects both operate together in this emanating space of drawing-to-make. Striving to serve and express through material outcomes. This shared Vitruvian origin story gives landscape architects agency over the intersections of the professions as much as their architectural counterparts. Acknowledging actions through tectonics provides opportunities to facilitate a ‘yes, and’ approach to the type of work landscape architects do, rather than a ‘No, but’ approach. Think; “No, landscape architects don’t garden, but...” compared to a “Yes, landscape architects do garden, and build, and draw, and...” 3. Enables a sophisticated constructive practice: The representational constructive practice is a difficult place to remain at. Move too far either side and you either end up only drawing, or only building. This juncture is a balancing act of taking in abstract means and giving out drawings that aren’t ‘it’, they’re not the ‘thing’. As a piece of visual and graphic art the drawing is, but as a spatial design they’re merely the manageable means to conceptualise a spatial idea. To hold that knowledge, they’re representational means that the constructive practice can be rightfully challenged to adopt the ‘Viridic’ AND the Tectonic, as landscape architects have to operate both in conjunction.

We build things. To grow things, we build things. To draw cooperative farmers markets in rehabilitated open cut mines as theoretical responses means to not discuss the hybrid plant stock, polystyrene void filler used to plant on podiums, the concrete used in paths, the working conditions and time constraints of landscape architects, all in operation in practice. It neglects the type of work that occurs and paints an overly unsophisticated speculative potential and picture of itself with its actions. This all occurs when the theory of the profession remains transfixed to itself in ever larger scaled maps, and the making of the profession is transfixed in itself in its construction. A cohabitation of both within the landscape architect’s mind is needed to be in discussion in its expansion of the field. This is all important because being able to work in the composites of this materialisation of knowledge values and time through tectonics enables us to realise the skills that we already have, and allows us to imagine new narratives when discussing with different collaborators. This enables landscape architects to bring forth the relevant narrative, using language and skills that reflects this. Ultimately this widens the landscape architect’s abilities, giving definition to their process and therefore how work happens. This work is the work of our projects.

4. Provides language for discussion of a landscape architect’s actions beyond a good/bad binary:

Diegesis

PROPOSED Chapter 03 The Narrative's Site

• • • • • • •

Brief Victoria University in Context The Campus Masterplan Studies: Universities Maribyrnong Campus Maribyrnong Campus Masterplan Interventions: Shelter, Cut , Fold, Traverse

“Landscape architecture is applied explanation” Gunther Vogt

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Brief Victoria University Maribyrnong Campus Project (VUMCP) Maribyrnong River

4km

1.5km

Victoria University Maribyrnong Campus (proposed)

3 km Victoria University Sunshine Campus

2.4 km

Victoria University Footscray Campus

Maribyrnong River

1.2 km

Victoria University Footscray Nicholson Campus

VUMCP Ambitions: ı

Strengthen Victoria University’s social and community ambitions for the west.

Improve and expand its facilities for students.

Embed an environmental component into the university’s block model of learning.

Operate for different faculty and course requirements on site in an outdoor setting.

Elevate Student’s skillset within their chosen fields of study.

he new 2021 Victoria University chancellor, Steve Bracks seeks to expand the opportunities and facilities of the university. A NEW OUTDOOR CAMPUS situated at the Victorian University owned Former Student Village site (also known as the Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel) along with the newly acquired adjacent Maribynong Detention Centre, as an expanded site of learning for students to engage with in a hands-on manner.

VU's Block Model of learning (students undertaking a single subject in 4 week blocks) the university seeks to use mode of learning in its campus assets, and leverage opportunities in delivery of learning to its students. The university believes jobs growth is not matching population growth in the west of Melbourne, and ABSENT A STRATEGY, THE WEST WILL BECOME A DORMITORY. Victoria University recognises that a high

proportion of its student cohort comes from a diverse range of backgrounds, with many students being the first in the family to pursue higher education and others of migrant backgrounds. With Victoria University’s commitment to the West of Melbourne Economic Development Alliance (WoMEDA), this affirms its role in strengthening its place in the West and building on the unique and rich regional heritage. The outdoor campus will enable students to engage with the VERY OUTCOMES OF THEIR PROFESSIONS and how they can have an impact upon it in their own future careers. It will be a site to strengthen victoria university’s ability to foster educated, SOCIALLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY AWARE LEADERS OF THE WEST. The campus will provide spaces for: College of Engineering and Science, College of Law and Justice, College of Arts and Education.

University Overview

HE VET

Dual-sector university

589,280m2 Total Campus Land Area

Over 40,000 Enrolled Students

Victoria University In Context

City Flinders Campus 1,200m2 City Queen Campus 780m2 City King Campus 800m2 Footscray Campus 54,000m2 Footscray Nicholson Campus 33,100m2 Maribyrnong Campus (Proposed) 131,200m2 Sunshine Campus 98,700m2 St Albans Campus 243,500m2 Werribee Campus 26,000m2

Victoria University Challenges and opportunities for Victoria University in a post-Covid-19 education environment. CHALLENGES $414 million

$227 million

Decreasing Land Valuation ("Annual reports", 2020)

2018 2019

6.6% International Students withdrawn 93.5% Domestic

High domestic student attrition rates

("Victoria University Student Attrition Report", 2020)

8th for undergraduate preferences.

Low desirability in university preference selection (Henrietta Cook, 2020)

OPPORTUNITIES

Fl y er li v nt de me le ol ib nr ex d e

Block learning model

fir

4 week modules

H r e ig h te er nt s io t u n de ra n te t s

Pre-existing owned land can be repurposed

VU 33.9% International 66.1% 53.7%

Larger cohort of domestic students compared to other dual sector universities.

(Carey, 2020)` RMIT 46.3% International

"Hands on" reputation 39

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY MARIBYRNONG CAMPUS PROJECT MATERIAL PAST

PAST/CURRENT

CURRENT/FUTURE

FUTURE

WURUNDJERI ESTATE

DETENTION CENTRE READAPTATION TO HOUSE COVID-19 AFFECTED EXPRISONERS

ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORK

POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION

CONSERVATION OF SITE

WEATHERING OF INTERVENTIONS

INTERVENTIONS

PLANTING ESTABLISHMENT

The Campus Maribyrnong Campus

TIME

SKILLS

VALUES

KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENT

MATURATION

SKILLS

SCOPE

EDGE NEGOTIATION

VALUES

PANDEMIC

HERITAGE LISTING

CARETAKER ROLE

STATE OF EMERGENCY

ELECTED GOVERNMENT

COMMERCIAL INTERESTS

BUNDJIL AND WAA

MIGRATION POLICY

WEED ECOLOGY EMERGENCE

NATIONAL BORDER

DETENTION CENTRE CLOSURE

COMMUNITY VALUES

PHILIP AND MIDWAY CENTRE DEGRADATION

IMMATERIAL

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY STUDENT VILLAGE

ELECTED GOVERNMENT

MIGRANT HOSTEL CLOSURE

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY EOI LEASE FOR PARTIAL FORMER STUDENT VILLAGE SITE

AGENCY

DETENTION CENTRE

KNOWLEDGE

MIDWAY AND PHILIP CENTRE

The Masterplan

The outdoor campus design will: Differentiate VU between other universities, with a 'signature' campus. Build on VU's social and environmental commitments. Strengthen the network between the west and VU campuses Value add to an existing campus asset.

Migration

Maribyrnong Campus Project

Masterplan Studies Universities Victoria University Footscray Campus

The Kick

RMIT

Collided Axis

Masterplan Studies Universities Monash University Caulfield Campus

Central and Connected

University of Melbourne

The Multiple Small Space

Maribyrnong Campus Proposed Composite

Plan Stereotomic Tectonic 46

Repurposed:

Site Existing

Intended:

Masterplan Diagrammatic

Removed:

Demolition Stereotomic

Constructed:

Construction Tectonic

Maribyrnong Campus Masterplan

88% of campus as outdoor learning space Victoria University's 2nd largest campus at 131,200m2 48

115,330m2 of outdoor learning space

562 existing trees retained

991m of Covered Walkway and shelters

15,870 m2 Indoor space

Shelter The Philip’s Centre is demolished and in its footprint a covered walkway. The covered pathway holds and wears in its footfalls a delineated boundary. It opens up an ‘in’ and ‘out’, a terrain vague sort of place that without such a boundary, there is none. The gentle rise to the centre of bush will reveal a low curved 500mm high bluestone wall. A remnant of the Phillip Centre’s previous designers, becoming thicketed, covered and collapsed by its own original institutional planting.

A canopy of self sown Lemonscented gums (Corymbia citriodora), Acacias (Acacia spp.), and Dwarf Sugar Gums (Eucalyptus cladcalyx), with a dense understorey of weedy Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatem) and Dianella tasmanica are retained in the centre.

The buildings' slabs, crushed in-situ and re-laid as a circular path with a covered walkway as per existing on site. Directs as a wayfinding device through thick bush for students and staff.

A student’s work: Neil Montgomery, of Montgomery Trengove and King, the architects in designing the circular footprint were likely influenced by Roy Grounds who was lecturing at the University of Melbourne when he was a student there. Its a strange sort geometrical shape for accommodation. When I turn off the drawing layer, the accommodation in the round, become the clearing in the round. Why tear up good established Dwarf gums full of good creepies and crawlies when you can demo a building.

Shelter

Cut 2.1 metre earthworks cut in the site of the former “Village Green”. Making reference to similar cut depressions such as Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial, and Renzo Piano’s and Richard Roger’s Pompidou Centre Piazza, these are places, one in memorial, the other in spectacle, to be there, to see and to know. The cut into the earth reveals.

A 1.2m depth of clay is situated on Basalt bedrock below, which is cut at a 1:15 grade 900mm into the basalt.

A main place of congregation and amphitheatre for Victoria University students to sit at, to hold events and provide a central focal point on the west side of campus.

A student’s work: Can I do this? Can we polish the bedrock of basalt to emulate the paving it is so often used as a design palette? Drainage issues come to mind. If this was a real project I think heated discussions and heavy consultation with engineers would occur...

Cut

Fold The detention centre is repurposed with the fence demolished and post’s retained. The posts’ shadow line is planted with Melaleuca viminalis ‘Captain Cook’. The planting folds the structure of the former detention centre into the landscape around it, while the species choice is a NSW native it registers the colonial impact that has enabled the commonwealth to deem itself the authority to detain someone.

Being the entrance to the former detention centre, the previous site boundaries are marked by the surface treatments of grass and asphalt.

A hardy plant that if irrigated well (see drip line plan) will become a dense colourful shrub and provide food for nectivores. The entrance to the former detention centre contains the largest expanse of asphalt on site, it receives full sun.

A Student's Work: Vegetation modelling is a challenging barrier for landscape architects to work in 3D alongside the hardscape elements, so often designed in 3D. I took Joseph Banks original botanical drawing of the plant, the Melaleuca viminalis, and mapped it as a texture onto a ‘block’ shrub. I did this to give a nod of the colonial origins of botanical classification, and that even in 3D its still just a drawing.

Fold

Traverse A berm traversing the 1912 Pyrotechnics entrance to the former detention centre’s. The traverse, a distinction of two points. In this case a place with 80 years of detainment that with a rise you cannot observe the entrance. For many who have passed through this site, this was the case in the terms of detainment. For those sent to the migrant hostel, the site was designed to keep arrivals moving and not linger, to not settle, the only destination was elsewhere.

The berm divides the site into two parts, the east and west, with a central axis that rises up into the dense canopy of the established Red Ironbarks (Eucayptus Sidoroxylon) and Lemon Scented Gums (Corymbia Citriodora).

1:500

Using the fill of the clay and basalt cut to be placed on site, a 1:18 rise to a 4.15 metre high crest. Providing a vantage and orientation point for newly arrived students on 4 week learning cycles, while also providing a ‘back’ and seating plats to Murphy’s court to the west.

A student’s work: The pull of the land artist, the large infrastructural cut and fill, a gesture that can be seen from space. Ok seen from the plan, but what are you doing? Asks the tutor, I point to this, “I am doing this” I respond.

Traverse

Fabula

Material Chapter 04 The Story

• • • • •

Material Histories Material Matrix Preliminary Interventions: Material Lens Test Masterplan Studies: Repurposed Migrant Hostels Interventions:Juncture, Purposed, Layering

“Part of where we need to go, so its not like that design happens over there and that's like Illustrator. A lot of Illustrator diagrams, and the ecology happens over here and that has to do with hard work and specifications and soil. They're the same thing.” Kate Orff

AS2700 R22 Homebush Red

Material Histories

60,000 yrs past - Now Wurundjeri Estate 1840 Section 20 of Cut Paw Paw 1875 F Köch, T B Derham, and Charles Brown Fisher horse stud 1892 Maribyrnong Racecourse 1909 Royal Australian Field Artillery remount depot 1912 Royal Australian Field Artillery offices, gymnasium, mess room 1919 Munitions Supply Board administration and ordnance factory 1942 Pyrotechnic Division of the Maribyrnong ordnance factory 1949 Commonwealth Government Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel 1951 Commonwealth Hostels Limited (CHL) Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel 1966 Maribyrnong Detention Centre Lore/Law Bundjil creates the Biik Waa steals coals from the Karatgurk women Flooding of the Wurneet 1901 Immigration Restriction Act 1942 Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme (CRTS) 1958 Migration Act commences 1962 Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962. An Act to give to first nations people the right to enrol and vote. 1966 Holt government permits non-white migrants to enter Australia for settlement 1967 Referendum to a constitutional amendment to include first nations’ people in census 1972 Whitlam government removes discrimination based on ethnicity and race from immigration policy 1975 Racial discrimination Act commences 1976-82 200,000 maritime arrival refugees are resettled in Australia through a policy of multiculturalism 1980s Introduction of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS). 1992 Mabo v Queensland (No 2) Enacts Native Title 1992 Keeting government announces Mandatory detention for everyone arriving without a valid visa 2001 Howard government commences the ‘Pacific Solution’ 2013 Abbott Government initiates Operation Sovereign Border 2014 The character test includes mandatory visa cancellations for a criminal offence 2020 English language requirement for partner visas. 2020 Higher education funding changes

1969 Midway Migrant Hostel 1970 Philip Centre 1989 Student Village

1989 Victoria University acquires the closed Migrant Hostel Site

School’s out forever. I didn’t find the place particularly depressing when I was there. The rooms are mostly empty except for a few pieces of destroyed furniture here and there; no personal belongings remain. But I just looked at some photos of the place when it was still a vibrant student village, showing smiling students hanging out there, and now looking back at my photos I feel a sense of sadness. These buildings saw people building new friendships, having fun together and creating memories. I wonder if they feel sad when they see the place now? Kitten of Doom said this on May 5, 2011 at 1:24 am | Reply

Wurundjeri Estate Kulin Nation 60,000 years ago - Now

Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass)

Hey where is this place? It looks really interesting Chloe said this on May 8, 2011 at 11:28 pm | Reply

Section 20, Cut Paw Paw Surveyed by Robert Hoddle 1840s

Surveyors chain

This place is creepy as haha! Anyone ever been here at night? Gets uber unsettling. My friends and I visited it about 2 weeks ago (after midnight of course lol) and heard some pretty scary noises coming from the main dorm/ rumpus room. pierredrawsstuff said this on July 26, 2011 at 11:10 pm | Reply

Squatter Parcels F Koch, T B Derham, C B Fischer 1875

Fence post and rail

I worked there today and it was creepy enough in the daylight. Obvious signs of inhabitants but I didn't actually see anyone. Some interesting graffiti art TheMightyCleon said this on March 5, 2014 at 8:59 am | Reply

Royal Australian Field Artillery Pyrotechnics Section 1912

Pyrotechnic round

I actually lived here for four years while I was studying. It dates back to WWII (part of the explosives factory) and was then opened as a Migrant hostel in the 1960’s and was then handed over to Victoria University and was student accommodation from 1991- 2016). Some parts of the Residence (3rd Pick Down) was refereed to as the Long Room (those who have been there will know why) closed in 2001 and Victoria Police used the site for training on occasion. Jordan said this on July 1, 2015 at 1:39 am | Reply

Migrant Camp Commonwealth Government 1945

Nissen Hut

Been to this place a few times, including tonight actually. I'm surprised to find vitually (sic) nothing on the internet about it, when it closed, the history of the building. I have friends who say their (sic) was a cabinet with the names of the in habiters (sic) and what not. Has a generally scary feel, but we experienced nothing except some awesome graffiti art. If anyone knows anything more about this place.. maybe (sic) before it was a village, i’d (sic) love to know. Matt said this on May 5, 2016 at 3:34 am | Reply

Philip Centre and Midway Migrant Hostel Montgomery King, Trengove 1969

Aviary (Constructed by the migrant hostles residents)

The place may look depressing now, but back in its day it was home to 400+ Uni Students and before countless thousands of migrants who made Australia there home. The contribution this facility had on many lives is remarkable. I left the Student Village’ in 2004 (it really should have been condemned before then). But it was a great place to live, good memories and good friends. Former Student and Resident at Student Village. Mike said this on February 6, 2017 at 1:03 pm | Reply

Student Village Victoria University 1985

Blue Box (Students reportedly used this to cut into the phone lines to call home)

"It was opened as a student village in 1989- I was there the first year, when I attended RMIT. Lots of good memories. I was student treasurer for that year, being responsible for upgrading the “hanger” into a student recreation hall, buying pool tables, pinball and table tennis tables. Rooms were modest, but so was the boarding costs. Only around three hundred students that year, but we all made the most of it. Bugger all supervision so we had the run of the place, driving an old Valiant under the circular building(it was vacant and off limits) playing “The Running Man”, chasing down students who would dive into the alcoves before we sped past….walking on top of the walkways between buildings to save a trip down the stairs and cutting into the telephone cables and wiring up a “Blue Box” to call home….no mobiles then. Fond memories and great community. Wonder what they are all doing now…" Dave Kennedy said this on April 18, 2018 at 12:54 am | Reply

Catetaker Mode Victoria University 2020

Spray Can

Sounds like you had a great time! Kitten of Doom said this on April 19, 2018 at 5:38 pm | Reply

Sectional History

Topography

Tree Canopy

Easements

Titles

Suburb

Site

Rocks in concrete apron Philip Centre brickwork

Migrant Hostel discarded bricks

Royal Australian Field Artillery pyrotechnic round

Squatte

er foundation

Churned up with each tooth of a excavator’s bucket, the geological layers no longer follow the strata of time. The Corymbia Maculata planted from the bush school era with the invasive Cotoneaster. This ground demonstrates that the immaterial policies and laws exhibit materials. We see the cutting tools of the Kulin Nation, discarded pyrotechnic rounds from the Royal Australian Field Artillery, the squatters foundations and the bricks of the

Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum)

migrant hostel. This context is built into the earth intermingled with roots of vegetation in 2 metres of clay. Beyond this 2 metres is the basalt volcanic plain of Maidstone itself. A snapshot of it’s surrounds, the Maribyrnong river winding its way through suburbia and the fissures of earth.

Cotoneaster glaucophyllus

0m Victoria University Student Village trash

Discarded spray can

.0.5m

1m Wurundjeri stone tool

1.5m

Materialisation

Migrant Camp Prefabricated Change

Nissen Hut section. Prefabricated modular system, the ultimate ‘placeless’ of intervention.

Materialisation

Hostel for Migrants, conversion of a Nissan hut to sleeping accommodation. The Nissen hut invented in 1917 for military deployment, was in surplus upon the conclusion of the Second World War. Met with the policy of ‘Populate or Perish’ the migrant hostel was materialised from intention to intervention by the Nissen Hut.

The design of anywhere, a spatially untethered design that exists on paper unconstrained to respond or work with its place. Familiar in its form the Nissen hut could be assembled within the detention centre or migrant hostel. Its ambiguous materiality suggests a wanting to be anything for anywhere.

Migrant Hostel Intended Transition

Montgomery, King and Trengove designed housing for families

Site plan with cruciform clusters highlighted

With the establishment of migrant hostel sites architects, Montgomery, King and Trengove, were engaged to design this new typology in Maidstone. Simon Reeves argues “that the complex at Maribyrnong can be considered as a representative and intact example of a building from the late 1960s that exhibits the emerging influence of

Midway Migrant Hostel Cruciform Typology

Brutalism, but they can hardly be considered as an outstanding manifestation of the mature style” ((Miller-Yeaman, 2017)). They therefore exist as a notquite expression of intention, and strangely unique to location.

Philip Centre, 1972 Conservation Management Plan. Lovell Chen

Perspective render of original plan and housing model

Material Matrix

IMMATERIAL

MATERIAL

Once desirable and prolific.

Standard at time of construction

IMMATERIAL

Copper Downpipe

Asbestos Concrete Sheet

IMMATERIAL

Longline Corrugated Steel

Agapanthus

Statement

Registration

Terrazzo Lintel

Repurposed surplus

Wave Type Corrugated Steel

MATERIAL

Phoenix canariensis (Canary Date Palm)

‘Bush School’

Brick

Corymbia citriodora (Lemon Scented Gum)

Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island Date Palm) depicts a landscape by Emily 'Millie' Gibson, a statement planting by the landscape architect from former site iterations.

Nissen Hut’s tubular steel arch detail perspective

Nissen Hut’s conversion for migrant hostel intention.

The Site Now

Quonset Hut interior

Boundary fences have determined reactions to the site. Currently completely fenced off the main interactions are all framed by the dimension and type of fencing.

Timber paling with nature strip

Chain link with nature strip

Timber paling with nature strip and established tree

Open grass nature strip and established tree

Chain link with asphalt

Chain link with nature strip and shrubs

Timber paling with nature strip and established trees

Anti climb fence and established tree

Sectional study of Nissen Hut as it exists today. Derelict, but intact, its the last remaining on site out of the original 64 migrant hostels.

OA Plan As it Stands Former Philip Migrant Hostel (Opened in 1971) Eucalyptus sideroxylon Eucalyptus sideroxylon Corymbia citriodora Brachychiton populneus Phoenix canariensis

Boiler Building

Former Pyro

Timber paling fencing

1945 steam pipe Tennis courts

Philip Centre

Maidstone

Nissan Hut

Basketball Court Murphy’s Court

Field

Par Timber paling fencing Anti climb fencing

Maidstone Former Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre (Opened 1945)

Certificate of Title, Supplied by Victoria University

Maribyrnong

Heritage Listed Overlay Former Midway Migrant Hostel (Opened in 1969) Former Victoria University Student Village Entrance

Quonset Hut

Chain link fencing Williamson Road

otechnics Building

Underground gas pipe

Field

Village Green

Chain link fencing

Hampstead Road

Parking

rking Parking

Entrance

under construction

Courtyards

Entrance

50m

1:1000 @ A1

Studies Divergent Fabula A Lens: Material Test The actions of the landscape architect are shaped by the material. Their and their collaborator's edges, tetherings and agency produce varied and diverse material outcomes.

Existing Plan

1:1000 @ A1

Proposed Plan

Edge Paths The transition of the edge. What is over the other side? The horticulturist has been let loose upon the edge. 5 metres to intervene in at either side of the path. “Planting!”Says the horticulturist, and planting it is. Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Corymbia maculata in dense planting with boulder clusters dominating this reinterpreted Plains Grasslands. Brick seating plinths capped with reclaimed timber sitting proud of the edge. All squeezed into a linear 5 metres-or-less edge.

5m linear edge plan

Tethering Conservation A re-tethering to a different line on a map. Since 1941 the site has been tethered to its operation as a node for the national border. Untethered, the site can be re-tethered to different laws and policy. “The heritage Precinct” insists heritage consultant. The last remaining Nissen Hut at the last intact migrant hostel, out of 64, remaining in Australia. The point is made, the buildings are reinforced with their heritage overlays. Well established conservation reports define what require post and rail balustrades.

Heritage Conservation Plan

Agency Humanist Arborist The arborist has a responsibility to take care of and look after trees. Mostly this task is to ensure that the health of the trees remain, but ultimately that they do not harm people. When this lens and scope of the arborist is extended to regard buildings in the same manner the arborist

Arborist’s Recommendation Primary: Demolition of the former immigration detention centre.

Arborist’s Recommendation Secondary: Demolition of the former migrant hostel buildings.

A humanist arborist’s plan

would cast their risk management lens over structures critically. They go to task and remove places of harm. The report is studied by the landscape architect and red hatches are produced upon the plan. Public safety is a job the arborist takes seriously.

Masterplan Studies Repurposed Migrant Hostels

Springvale (later Enterprise) Migrant Hostel

Repurposed as: Lexington Gardens Aged Care Home

Invitation - Opening of Enterprise Hostel, Commonwealth Hostels Limited, 29 Oct 1970", 2020

Altona (later Wiltona) Migrant Hostel

Repurposed as: Williamstown Techno Park

100

Repurposed

101

The Campus Material

Material Forces bringing the new outdoor campus into the Immaterial

DETENTION CENTRE CLOSURE The commonwealth government no longer has need of the closed Maribyrnong Detention Centre. Recognising VU's caretaker role of the adjacent site a land deal has taken place. CONNECTED CAMPUSES Situated in between the two major VU universities (Sunshine and Footscray) The new campus being within 3km of each builds the university 'campus fabric'. Material

FUNDING Large infrastructure grants are available as an economic stimulus. Providing earmarked funds for the new VU campus. CARETAKER ROLE The site has been maintained by VU since 1989 and due to heritage constraints, has been unable to sell. Recognising it as a key land asset provides a new opportunity.

Funding Large infrastructure Connects grants are available as Detention Centre Campuses an economic stimulus. Situated in between the Caretaker Role Closure Providing earmarked funds

two major VU universities The site hasthe been The commonwealth for new VU campus. (Sunshine Footscray) maintained byand VUlonger government no The new since and due to being has1989 need of campus the closed within 3km Detention of each builds heritage constraints, Maribyrnong theunable university 'campus has been to sell. Centre. Recognising fabric'. Recognising it as role a keyof the VU's caretaker landadjacent asset provides a new site a land deal has taken place. opportunity.

Migration

The (im)material

102

Wurundjeri Estate Section 20 of Cut Paw Paw Squatter Parcels RAFA Pyrotechnics Section Migrant Camp Philip Centre and Midway Migrant Hostel Maribyrnong Detention Centre Student Village Detention Centre Closure Campus Location

Maribyrnong Campus Project

103

Juncture Path Joint Existing asphalt paths and path insertions provide a reconfigured circulation, the joints marking a moment in time, a juncture that something has occurred.

104

105

Purposed Repurposed Detention Centre Interior The repurposed detention centre, now main meeting point for students and storage space for the outdoor learning spaces. The former detention centre exercise court and yard now light wells of escaping shrubs steadily displacing and upturning the garden bed retaining walls with each fresh year of growth and root zone expansion.

106

107

Layering Re-vegetated Edges The campus continues the layering of revegetating the site, following extensive site clearing in the 1940s, layering from the most immediate, the edge.*

*See page 92 for Edge study and page 160 for essay. 108

109

Syuzhet

Immaterial Chapter 05 The Plot

• • • • • • •

110

Immaterial Histoies Immigration and Detention Emily "Millie" Gibson Finding Practice: Knowledge, Values, TIme Preliminary Interventions: Material Lens Test Masterplan Studies: Removed Migrant Camps Interventions: Public Access, Multiple Entrances, Site Testing

“A project is an and, and, and, and story in which the social ecological, the economic, the cultural, and the temporal must be dealt with simultaneously.” Ken De Cooman

AS2700 R22 Homebush Red

111

60,000 yrs past - Now Wurundjeri Estate 1840 Section 20 of Cut Paw Paw

Immaterial Histories

112

1989 Student Village

1970 Philip Centre

1969 Midway Migrant Hostel

1966 Maribyrnong Detention Centre

1875 F Köch, T B Derham, and Charles Brown Fisher horse stud 1892 Maribyrnong Racecourse 1909 Royal Australian Field Artillery remount depot 1912 Royal Australian Field Artillery offices, gymnasium, mess room 1919 Munitions Supply Board administration and ordnance factory 1942 Pyrotechnic Division of the Maribyrnong ordnance factory 1949 Commonwealth Government Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel 1951 Commonwealth Hostels Limited (CHL) Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel

1989 Victoria University acquires the closed Migrant Hostel Site

Lore/Law Bundjil creates the Biik Waa steals coals from the Karatgurk women Flooding of the Wurneet 1901 Immigration Restriction Act 1942 Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme (CRTS) 1958 Migration Act commences 1962 Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962. An Act giving first nations people the right to enrol and vote. 1966 Holt government permits non-white migrants to enter Australia for settlement 1967 Referendum to a constitutional amendment to include first nations’ people in census 1972 Whitlam government removes discrimination based on ethnicity and race from immigration policy 1975 Racial discrimination Act commences 1976-82 200,000 maritime arrival refugees are resettled in Australia through a policy of multiculturalism 1980s Introduction of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS). 1992 Mabo v Queensland (No 2) Enacts Native Title 1992 Keeting government announces Mandatory detention for everyone arriving without a valid visa 2001 Howard government commences the ‘Pacific Solution’ 2013 Abbott Government initiates Operation Sovereign Border 2014 The character test includes mandatory visa cancellations for a criminal offence 2020 English language requirement for partner visas. 2020 Higher education funding changes

113

Immigration and Detention

Individuals seeking to arrive in Australia have previously transitioned through borders and migrant hostels, or are to be held in specialised constructed centres to ‘process’. Amendments to the 1958 Migrant Act are one such lever of governance for this to occur. As multiple detention centres have closed in recent times, those held in detention is 10% detained of a peak

of 13,000 individuals in 2013. The locations of many detention centres share sites that were formerly one of the 64 commonwealth migrant hostels operated in the post-war period until the 1980s. In the case of Maribyrnong both typologies of infrastructure remain to be reopened (as seen on Christmas Island in 2019) or radically changed spatially.

1958 Migrant Act - Migration Zone

2001 - Migration amendment External territories excised

2005 - W23°S and E21°S Excised from Migration Zone

2012 Mainland Australia excised from Migration Zone

114

500

1,373 people currently detained

n io nt

80 10 0 d 4 et av a e in 13 rag ed ,0 e 00 da pe ys op spe le nt de in ta de in te ed n t

50 4

ag e

500

1,373 people currently detained

ed Pe te in

de ta

3, 80 0

70 0

de ta i

Ch i

01/03/2020 1,373 Detained

Monthly average time spent in detention

50 350000

01/03/2020 1,373 Detained

300000

250000

200000

2025 Net Overseas Migration (NOM) of 175,000 people

n io nt

t in

io 6, 80 10 0 d 4 et av a e in 13 rag ed ,0 e 00 da pe ys op spe le nt de in ta de in te ed n t

500

in ta

de 0

80 3,

3, 70

Ch ild

50000

ed Pe

te rQ

et a

in e

100000

th s

10 m

th s

150000

Monthly average time spent in detention

1,373 people currently detained

-50000

Data sourced from Refugee Council of Australia and Australian Parliament House

Commonwealth Migrant Hostels in operation

01/03/2020 1,373 Detained 5

115

Timeline 1925-Current 13,000 people detained

Assisted Passage Scheme Ends

Afphanistan

Philip Centre Closes Midway Migrant Hostel Closes Victoria University Student Village opens

Nationally 500,000 individuals transition through migrant hostels throughout this period with 60% from non-english speaking backgrounds

GIlmore closes

Victoria University Student Village closes Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre Closes

6,800 people detained

1980

13,000 people detained

1990 2000

1970 2010

1960 2020

1,373 people detained

NOW

Commonwealth Hostels Limited based in Maribyrnong operates 64 hostels nationwide

2020

Detention centre currently repurposed to house vulnerable ex prisoners to limit exposure to Covid-19

1,373

peop

le de

taine

Victoria University in caretaker mode of Former Student Village

2014

2015

2016

504 d

ays a

2017 Monthly average (days) spent in detention

2018

s of J

anuary

2020

2019

116

2020

Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre Closes

6,800 people detained

Commonwealth Hostels Limited

13,000 people detained

1990

1980

2000

1970 2010

s Arrive

1960 1,373 people detained

2020

NOW

Closes 1950

“Design details leaned towards cost savings: exposed internal brick walls were sprayed with a neutral colour finish which could be applied by unskilled labour. Other measures ensured 1940 the longevity of the investment, Commonwealth including the use of inbuilt Hostels Limited based in Maribyrnong 64 hostelsthe nationwide rather than removable furniture operates to avoid risk of theft.” 2020 Lovell Chen, Conservation Management Plan

Defence Site opens

1930

13,000 people detained

Cyclone Tracy Nissan Hut Invented

Vietnam War Ends

Assisted Passage Scheme Ends

Soviet Invasion of Afphanistan

Victoria University in caretaker mode

Former Student Village Philip CentreofCloses

Montgomery, King & Associates design and document Midway Migrant Hostel and Philip Centre

d taine

le de

peop

Philip Centre built and opens

2013

1160 residents are displaced people

Victoria University Student Village opens

Laundry, English School Built

Emily Matilda Gibson

2012

2011

Midway Migrant Hostel Closes

2014

1,373

ian Revolution of 1956

Detention centre currently repurposed to house vulnerable ex prisoners to limit exposure to Covid-19

Pinochet Coup

2015 Communal Hall upgrade

2016

Midway Migrant Hostel built and opens

504 d

ays a

2017

Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre opens

anuary

2020

2019

Nationally 500,000 individuals transition through migrant hostels throughout this period with 60% from non-english speaking backgrounds

400 Women and children join their husbands

s of J

2018

Monthly average (days) spent in detention

GIlmore closes 2020

13,000 people detained

Cyclone Tracy Pinochet Coup

6,800 people detained

Vietnam War Ends

Commonwealth Hostels Limited

Soviet Invasion of Afphanistan

Assisted Passage Scheme Ends

1980

Montgomery, King & Associates design and document Midway Migrant Hostel and Philip Centre

& Associates ment Midway d Philip Centre

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

Philip Centre Closes

2000

Midway Migrant Hostel Closes

Victoria University Student Village opens

1970

Laundry, English School Built

Emily Matilda Gibson

13,000 p

1990

Philip Centre built and opens

2010

Communal Hall upgrade 1000 residents are homed in Nissan and brick huts 1160 residents are displaced people

Converted Nissan Huts Arrive

Midway Migrant Hostel built and opens

Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre 1960opens

Nissan Huts imported from US Army on Manus Island

Nationally 500,000 individuals transition through migrant hostels throughout this period with 60% from non-english speaking backgrounds

400 Women and children join their husbands

Nissan Huts repurposed for migrant housing

GIlmore closes

2020 Victoria University Student Village closes

Nissan Huts from British Ministry of Works

Defence Site Closes

Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre Closes

6,800 people detained

Commonwealth Hostels Limited 1980

1950

Montgomery, King & Associates Design and document Midway Migrant Hostel and Philip Centre

2000

1970 2010

Converted Nissan Huts Arrive

Defence Site opens

13,000 people detained

1990

1,373 peo

NOW

1960 2020

1,373 people detained

NOW

Defence Site Closes 1950

1940

Defence Site opens

Commonwealth Hostels Limited based in Maribyrnong operates 64 hostels nationwide

1940

Commonwealth Hostels Limited based in Maribyrnong operates 64 hostels nationwide

2020

1930

Nissan Hut Invented

Detention centre currently repurposed to house vulnerable ex prisoners to limit exposure to Covid-19

months

is release

and 10 Nissan Hut Invented

6 years

2007

2008

2009

2006 2005 2004

Midway Migrant Hostel 1972, Conservation Management Plan, Lovell Chen

2010

2011

2012

2013

1,373

ained for

sim, det

Peter Qa

peop

le de

taine d

Victoria University in caretaker mode of Former Student Village

2014

2015

2016

504 da

ys as

2017 Monthly average (days) spent in detention

2018

of Janu

ary 20

2019 2020

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Migration Story

“It is the relationships that were formed and developed on various parts of the site that holds most social significance, not the actual buildings in which these relationships and events occurred.” Stella Barber, Former Midway & Phillip (Maribyrnong) Migrant Hostels: Supplementary Assessment of Heritage Significance, 2008

Melbourne Migrant Camp, Commonwealth Hostels Limited 1950s

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“When we finally arrived at the hostel, we were given this room ... it wasn’t one of the Nissen huts but a square type building ... Concrete floor not a rug on it and just the three single beds ... and it was very dismal. I remember mom sat down and she just cried and wondered what we had come to ... it just looked so bleak” Irene Jerzyk Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel Resident

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Emily 'Millie' Gibson Australia's first qualified female landscape architect is believed to have undertaken the former Midway Migrant Hostel landscape architecture 1. The Canary Island Date Palm Phoenix canariensis) and Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) at the entrance as plantings are material outcomes of the knowledge, time and values of Millie Gibson. Likewise, the 1980 plantings by an unknown landscape designer of Red Ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon) and Lemon Scented Gums (Corymbia citriodora) at Murphy's court exhbit their bush school learnings and leanings of the time.

Plan drawings, Millie Gibson Blooms Again - No 65 Autumn 2000 - La Trobe Journal

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1. Lovell Chen, Midway and Philip Migrant Hostels (Former), Conservation Management Plan, 2017

Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island Date Palm) depict a landscape value of Emily 'Millie' Gibson.

Midway Migrant Hostel Entrance, 1960, Lovell Chen, Midway and Philip Migrant Hostels (Former), Conservation Management Plan, 2017

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The Moment of Making The landscape architect is witness to many processes deemed to be the realm of landscape archtiecture. They are observers to the building process, the planting of their drawings. They witness the occupations of the spaces, and are passive in the programmatic actions unfolding by inhabitants. The maintenence of the site is observed as is the growth of plants, wearing of hardscape elements and the changing overlays of use and adaptation.

Diagram concept courtesy of Liz Herbert

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This the landscape architect observes, and learns. The actions of making only occur at a specific moment in time, under a set of pre-determined conditions and structures. These forces influence and are further shaped by the landscape architects training and skill set. The outcomes are drawings, representing a spatial particular.

Drawing

Time will not fix our projects.

The practice of landscape architecture is a material-practice by representation. The skills required to design in the space of the built profession are unique and position us at a moment in time. Like allied spatial design disciplines it is a meeting point between the arts and STEM. With multiple skills and expertise that we are not experts of. Core skills of practice must be strengthened and we must never forget that it is a spatial and

The contemporary Mcharggian mapping has evolved into a quasi-planning practice, reduced to a cycle of observation, experts drawing picturesque wholesale environmental decimation. Outsourcing material practice.

We are not geographers, but we can (try to) understand them. We are not ecologists, but can (try to) understand them. We are not biologists, but can (try to) understand them. We are not planners, but can (try to) understand them. We are not architects, but can (try to) understand them. We are not surveyors, but can (try to) understand them. We are not artists, but we can (try to) understand them. We are not anthropologists, but we can (try to) understand them. We are not behavioural scientists, but we can (try to) understand them.

work is: the backyard, park, supermarket parking lot, the exercise yard of a juvenile detention centre, the verges of highways, the shallow planting beds of a podium development. These are how practice answers questions.

The

Gunther Vogt, We are Geomorphic Agents

Novartis Campus Park, Construction of clay and gravel embankment on carpark roof.

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Time

Where is the drawer? Sketch Study

Representation

Cab

Designer

Construction

Use

Trailer 1

Trailer 2

Drawing

Place

Maintenance

Trailer 3

Time

YOU ARE HERE “The fundamental problem is that designers are obliged to use current information to predict a future state that will not come about unless their predictions are correct.” John Chris Jones, Christchurch: The Transitional City Part IV (Seen as quoted in the Counterfactual City Series, RMIT Arch & UDes)

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Ar ch

Art s

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Bio

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Knowledge Place has no boundaries Doreen Massey

Landscape architecture does. There are scope of works, council boundaries, social limits, community needs, transitional thresholds, liminal spaces, soil types, utilities, budgets, maintenance regimes.

Intervening in place

Breaking place

Thickening place

Directing place

Hostile place

A geological place

Moment of intervention Site

Lens

Even at the seemingly smoothest junction, there is always a node, a place of consideration that a decision has been made. Something has occurred.

Designer’s contribution

Flower

When the intent and concept of an idea is bridging the thresholds of immaterial to material, there are moments of action, that often seem little more than finishing a project, as it has surpassed the moment of sketch design and is now being put to tender. This detailing and documenting reveals the underlying intentions of the project. It reveals cost decisions and priorities. Its a potential second materialisation after the sketch. 126

Petiole

Leaf apex Mid rib

Lamina

Leaf margin

Node internode

stem

Grevillea olivacea

Values

“Activism is not the only way (landscape) architecture can be political” Apertures to Open

A Scaled Fence

Venturi and Brown, Complexity and Contradiction (Author’s addition)

A Gate that Can’t Close

10m

1000mm Aperture

Standard

150mm Aperture

Tamper Proof

100mm

200mm gap between gate and fence post

71mmx9mm Aperture - Anti-climb mesh

At first glance it might seem this type of materiality is a purely architectural occupation, but it is not so. Landscape architects nominate materials every project. Working predominately in the public realm each time this occurs a decision is made to what their properties are and therefore make a decision to what this means and does. How Landscape Architects detail and nominate is a political act.

Paths mediate the ground with degrees of interaction. The aggregate, cement, stone and gravel they’re constructed form a node of connection to the site the path is situated, and of the place the material was mined from.

Geological Survey Of Victoria, Victoria State Government

City of Melbourne Standard Sawn Bluestone Paver 995 x 495 x 40mm, with 2mm chamfer

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Studies Divergent Fabula A Lens: Immaterial Test

The actions of the landscape architect are shaped by the immaterial. Their knowledge, values and time produce varied and diverse material outcomes.

1:1000 @ A1

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Existing Plan

1:500 @ A4

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Landscape Architect 01 The Gardener

The Gardener has a horticultural background and is deeply passionate about plants. On the weekends, their social media accounts are full of curious plantings they encounter. They develop their projects in person with clients, usually as a sketch, drawn in 2D on CAD then visualised with Photoshop. As a small landscape architectural practice their weekdays on projects are intense and are under resourced given their workload. However, being small means they’re heavily involved in working personally on their projects. Knowledge: Horticulture Small Business administration Experienced Values: Environmentally Engaged Belief in the power of plants Time: Under resourced Maintenance and post-occupancy are usually included in their project contracts.

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1:500 @ A4

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Landscape Architect 02 The Urbanist

The Urbanist has extensive background working large infrastructure projects. Large coffee table books of black and white photography grace their home. They are acutely aware of the presence of other construction professions, frequently coordinating with engineers and architects. In this process they’re often retooling techniques such as BIM software for their use in landscape architecture. They value equitable spaces in the public realm and seek to develop projects as best practice in this area. Knowledge: Infrastructure Project management and Coordination Experienced Values: Socially adaptable spaces Early adopter of Technology Time: Large teams moving swiftly, often only on site for brief visits. Concentration of resourcing on the design and construct phase.

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1:500 @ A4

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Landscape Architect 03 The Artist

The Artist draws from experience practicing overseas with multi-office studios. They are able to secure projects from their extensive network of contacts. Designers travelling from interstate and internationally frequently stop by their office and seek to collaborate with them. Working as part of a larger international practice they are able to leverage their studio brand and embed a research component and resourcing into their projects. Knowledge: International Practice Academic Contacts Experienced Values: Arts Innovation Time: Rarely if ever able to get to site. Generous resourcing for in-house research.

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1:500 @ A4

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Immaterial Knowledge The Gardener Elevated garden beds allow for free draining and easily maintained plants, providing for dense planting.

The Urbanist Large concrete slabs with gentle grades , and good drainage provide accessibility to the spaces for the broadest range of users.

The Artist Techniques of compression and decompression as landscape "rooms" are employed to create multipurpose spaces.

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Immaterial Values The Gardener Restoring the site with a strong ecological bent, results in recreated western plains grasslands.

The Urbanist Extending the space to the digital landscape, it has embedded technology to enrich visitiors experience and provide support for full access.

The Artist Pathways of revelation and discovery, the artist's gesture can be found throughout. Sloping berms, retaining walls and timber decks lay out a palette of invited creation.

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Immaterial Time The Gardener Restraints of resourcing have given some areas a monoculture of lawn. Whilst other other spaces have a defined edge of intervention.

The Urbanist When coordination needs to occur across dsciplines, a BIM evident footprint of design is revealed in the straight upstand edges and standard Revit seating family used.

The Artist Research in alternative material techniques is embedded in the design palette with recycled plastics and novel aggregates. Unseen by the designer the untreated, repurposed timber decks weather poorly in Victoria's climate.

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What are your immaterial forces?

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Masterplan Studies Removed Migrant Camps

Migrant Reception Centre, Carlton Gardens

Now: Carlton Gardens

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Photograph - Aerial View of the Exhibition Building from the East, Melbourne, 1953-1956. (2020). Retrieved 21 October 2020, from https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/1701883

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Fisherman’s Bend Migrant Hostel

Now: 63-85 Turner Street

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Holmesglen Migrant Hostel

Now: Power Ave Playground and Reserve

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The Campus Immaterial Immaterial Forces bringing the new outdoor campus into the Material

BLOCK MODEL Only one unit (subject) is taught at any single time. Each unit runs over a four-week ‘block’. Currently offered to students in all years of undergraduate higher education degrees.

Material

Immaterial

Kulin Nation Elected Government Australian Standards Heritage Listing Victoria University Chancellor Block Model Planetary Health Unit Funding WoMEDA Existing Ownership

PLANETARY HEALTH UNIT Addresses the intersect between the health of the planet and the health of communities. With VU integrating a planetary health subject into every degree as it seeks to provide job-ready students of the future. 2021 CHANCELLOR Steve Bracks AC has stated he is"both excited and proud to have an opportunity to help shape the direction of VU" with this project. The new chancellor of 2021 seeks to make a significant legacy at VU. WoMEDA West of Melbourne Economic Development Alliance, a VU initiative. "Absent a strategy the West will become a dormitory." The strategy backed by 9 councils seeks to strengthen the West.

two major VU strategy universities The backed The sitecommonwealth hasthe been of the future. The for new VU campus. degrees. (Sunshine Footscray) 9 councils seeks to maintained byand VU government no longer The new campus being strengthen the West. since 1989 and due to has need of the closed within 3km Detention of each builds heritage constraints, Maribyrnong theunable university 'campus has been to sell. Centre. Recognising fabric'. Recognising it as a keyof the VU's caretaker role landadjacent asset provides a new site a land deal opportunity. has taken place.

Migration

The (im)material

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Maribyrnong Campus Project

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Entrance as Story Entrance Four entries to the campus. 1) the previous migrant hostel entrance in the south east dispersing into small courtyards, 2) 8 metre wide concourse from the north, the 1912 entrance over the berm to reveal the detention centre. 3) and 4) from previously closed roads, new orientations to the site from the west as a VU influence, a university of the west.

1. Hampstead Road Entrance

3. Yellow Box Street and Lightwood Way Entrance

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2. Williamson Road Entrance

4. Myrtle Drive Entrance

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Integration Public Access The the multiple of entries, this opens a campus of public access,* land that is open with histories present that a campus occupies in its current iteration, but pays respect to its many migrations. Followin precedent in RMIT’s and Melbourne Gaol’s integration.**

*See page 118 for Stella Barber's social significance assessment. **See page 45 RMIT Masterplan study "collided Axis" 148

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Reconfigurement Testing Test planting beds in the south west, for students undertaking their planetary health course units. as a history of reconfigurement.

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Chronotope

Migrations

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Chapter 07 The Moment of Making • • • • • •

Masterplan Studies: Influences Knowledge Values Time Migrations and Summary Reflections

“We believe that until we identify as workers, cultural or otherwise, we won’t identify with other workers. And if we don’t identify with other workers we don’t have a social mission” Peggy Deamer, Architecture Lobby

AS2700 T53 Peacock Blue

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Masterplan Studies A Landscape Architect The landscape architect's studies.

Wootten Reserve

Reserve

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Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre (BMTC)

Learning

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The Campus Migrations

Material

Immaterial

Kulin Nation Elected Government Australian Standards Heritage Listing Victoria University Chancellor Block Model Planetary Health Unit Funding WoMEDA Existing Ownership

2021 Chancellor Steve Bracks AC has Planetary Health stated he is"both excited Block Unit andModel proud to have an OnlyAddresses one unit (subject) is shape the to intersect opportunity help WoMEDA taught at any single time. between the health of with direction of VU" West of the Melbourne Funding Each unit runs over a fourthe planet and the health this project. The new Economic Development Large infrastructure Connects week ‘block’. Currently of communities. With VU to chancellor 2021 seeks Alliance, a VU initiative. grants are integrating available asaofplanetary offered to students in all Detention Centre Campuses make athe significant "Absent a strategy West legacy an economic stimulus. years of undergraduate provide job-ready students Situated between the at VU. willin become a dormitory." Caretaker Role Closure Providing earmarked funds higher education two major VU strategy universities The backed The sitecommonwealth hasthe been of the future. The for new VU campus. Values degrees. (Sunshine and Footscray) 9 councils seeks to maintained by VU government no longer Witnessing outcomes of Knowledge The new campus the West. since 1989 and due to being has need ofstrengthen the closed their professions. Student learning in a novel within 3km of each builds Time heritage constraints, Maribyrnong Detention

Knowledge Values Time

context/environment. theunable university 'campus 4 week outdoor classes, has been to Centre. Recognising Building: Connecting tosell. fabric'. with rotating learning andit as Recognising a keyof the VU's caretaker role the environment. Building: Testing Site planting. land asset provides a new adjacent site a land deal Empowering by being Law:Law: Social Justice Witness hasholds taken place. at aSourced placeopportunity. that Arts: material the Building: Outside context models. alternative Law: Outside

Arts: Outside Migration

The (im)material

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Knowledge Values Time

Maribyrnong Campus Project

Landscape Architect

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Knowledge

An Essay: Landscapes of the Everyday & Gardens of Actions

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01 Landscapes of the Everyday Landscapes of the everyday, the type of landscape design that someone might interact with on a daily basis. This line of inquiry could really be a subject of thinking of where does the contemporary landscape design have the most impact upon others. Firstly, where does the most exposure to the design work of landscape occur and using that as a measure, what moves and actions of the designer provide the most impact. A typical day for most people occurs as something out of short act screenplay. 1.

Interior – Home

An occupation of events. 2.

Exterior – Travel

The movement from home to a second or third space, the commute. 3.

Interior – Work

An occupation of events. … Scene 2, that single moment of traversing from one place to another by whatever means is the moment of intervention for the landscape designer. There are numerous other opportunities for select groups, be it the backyard design, or the internal courtyard, but the traverse, this is the most prevalent and universal. Not every home has a backyard, homeowner that can afford the expense, or want of engaging external designers. The workplace can be

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outside, but this is rare. Most workplaces being an interior space if fixed, or a mobile workplace often seen for the causally employed or sub-contracting. One general constant amongst all these methods of time however is the Exterior. scene, the exiting the building and movement occurring outside. Everytime this occurs the landscape design is at its most interacted with in the transitory fashion. The landscapes of movement. Seen at pace. How this travelled space is experienced, the juncture of leaving the front door beyond, varies greatly. This could be walking, public transport, cycling, or even from the interior of a car. The constant is the linear nature of these travels. The footpath runs the span from a door to another door. The road likewise does this uninterrupted. A single expanse of material made of bitumen manufactured in oil refineries and aggregate sourced from quarries such as the one in Epping. This material provides a character to the ground upon which is being traversed and depending upon the user, signals permission or hazard. These networks must end on either side in a width to contain their networkness and provide a dimension of contraction, space, narrowing and expanse. Regulalry along this linear place nodes occur. Places of junction to consider, a place that something has occurred and at a minimum a spatial joint of material connectedness, that a frustrated builder had to pour concrete into irregularly shaped formwork. Or the pavers notched, sweated over and cut in dimensions

unique to a position a place in the junction. The AustRoads Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice: Pedestrians Part 13 sets the general minimum standard footpath width of 1.2m, or 1.5m in commercial and shopping environments. Rather than following this daily linear network and its story for brief moment. If we stopped suddenly, turned perpendicular and stood to one side, firstly to let others pass on their way, then take this in, we could most likely contain all of this dimension in two generous steps. What is this then at the edge once we reach it? If we happened to stop in the middle of a Melbourne suburban street we most likely would’ve encountered Kikuyu grass at our feet and staring straight into the trunk of a peeling paperbark tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia). We might’ve encountered some succulents planted amongst the grass, and even some homeowners that have gained permission from their councils (or disregarded their approval requirements) and planted what seems to be an extension of their own garden, giving the effect of a footpath and walking through a front yard. We do not obviously live our lives as a screenplay cut neatlry into scenes and also, our lives are not the only ones that exist. The world about is abundant and numerous with our influences having been written upon extensively and with more to come until collective action does take place. Much has also been written about what role the landscape architect can play in this. In many ways a profession already occupying itself with the many specied

world is well positioned theoretically and practically. It can be a profession of change in a built profession that is singularly human centric in its approach. However it would be a disservice to assume that the landscape architect has all the necessary knowledge, agency and scope to tackle the challenges ahead. Its a systemic wide change that’s needed, with scientists of ecology understanding the ecologies and systems that landscape designers draw and speak of. Findings and methodologies turn to solutions engineered out of these investigations. Neri Oxman’s Cycle of creativity situates science occurring between a place of information and knowledge, with engineering, between knowledge and utility. Then comes design sitting between utility and behavior, to create between a place of utility and behaviour. Finally art completes the cycle between behavior and information. The designer then can disseminate information previously gathered into a spatial response affecting behaviours of material. The designer sits at a transition point with the immaterial of information, style, needs, wants, budgets and brief on side and the material outcome, a spatial project made up of mined and refined materials and hybrid plantstock on the other. The drawing acts as this edge of transition to configure a thought into action. At the table, the landscape designer sits equipped with the built profession’s conventions and knowingly engages in the process. The built professional designer’s

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skills are most engaged in this way. The activist, a well known agent of change, knows more about working outside the boundaries of the profession, is more agile and flexible in approach than the spatial designer who generally can only see one outcome to a subject (Not everything is best fixed from a spatial perspective!). And act we must. The time that takes for plants to grow is not time to spend watching the plants grow. Once it is in the ground, and the project opened it is no longer the designers. That park that does open, that the designer had a hand in drawing out into existence is not theirs. The existence of others with their own actions at that moment and in the future makes this attempt at continued ownership impossible. From the moment of project completion, the influence of the designer decreases dramatically. Mostly because their act is complete. There is no role nor funding for them to stay and watch. Some of the very lauded design elements, the breadth and shade of established trees are decades away, beyond the work life of the designer. The timespace then is that the designer is only able draw. With this knowledge, we return to the street, back to the verge. One place where the action does occur is on the edge. The verge and edge, the garden beds on the edge of any major open space, in the unused corners, the median strips of roads. Knowing that the most impactful design of the landscape architect occurs here. The place of utility and behaviour working in our favour.

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The act occurs in a timespace of now and the designer can only achieve what they do or intervene in. Not in the future beyond their lifetime lies the work. If the landscape designer does not understand the complex systems of ecology in the way of the scientist, then everything after that is design driver and best guesses. They must then act with agency now to be prolific with understood knowledge and findings accruing and gaining. Plant much and plant lots. This act is not only for the sake of design, its quietly enacting an environmental agenda within a built profession. Spatial designers act through the drawing and a standard set of conventions understood by the construction profession. Landscape architects are best equipped to act within rather than without. That moment in a meeting to argue for the merits of an outcome that benefits. Unlike the activist acting on the outside we are able to counter with spatial studies and testings of our own, equipped with the same tools as our allied designers at the table. We also know where the materials come from and be responsible for the outcomes. Does the site use concrete, or a dirt path. These material choices can determine how accessible a project will be. Native plant selections require a lengthy site clearing and seed soil extermination regime or keeping messy established weed ecologies are difficult decisions, but the designers responsibility is to decide and nominate. Pausing to let others unpreoccupied with this conundrum of responsibility and impacts will not make for a better outcome.

Finally. As we exist in the immaterial to material point of migration, if designers aren't aware of the immatial it can't be enacted. Beyond the knowledge of the brief, the design is only as good as skills acquired and known up until that moment of intervention. The designer can tool more techniques or best practice knowledge as they go, but is heavily compromised by the immediacy of the need. The ecologies we speak of will never leave the page without knowledge of the species, where to source the tubestock, the maintenance requirements needed, or the ability to draw them in the language of the built profession.

Drawing and writing on the page migrates actions from the render or policy document to the edge, the landscape of movement, seen at pace, exposed to most. This edge condition is the hinge for action, being the landscape of the everyday.

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02 Gardens of Actions Every day, gardens are tended to and exist within a patchwork of gardens that could very well be mistaken for the land they’re situated upon. The idea of the garden, a enclosed, curated space of control is not the landscape, and yet the gardens exist within a system of landscape. Climate, soil types, and exposure all play an integral part of what form the garden may take. Cultures and techniques likewise, decide what succeeds, what fails, and what is a weed. When William Bligh planted his apple trees in Tasmania in 1788, he was crafting his response of what he, his crew, and country envisaged what should be in a garden. This garden immediately succumbed to the landscape upon their departure. That more than 200 years later Tasmania obtained the ‘Apple Isle’ moniker seems contrary to the first attempt. The failure and success of the former 'Bligh' apple tree and these later apple trees rests solely with the intent of the gardeners. The Palawa might've rightfully regarded this planting as an invasive weed, while the former regard it as a cash crop. The decision to tend to and care for such a species in a landscape that if could speak, had very little interest in cultivating, demonstrates that the garden can subvert the land it exists upon. That garden, and many such gardens since have exerted and influenced through the species chosen to exist within and what is weeded out. Each time a site is gardened it delineates a choice of materiality, a within and without. The nature of claiming land as your own to control and cultivate to the exclusion of others has obvious and devastating

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consequences. Especially devastating in a colonial context on land and nations seen as terra nullius yet obviously full of people, towns, cultures and estates. but beyond the mappings and policy of exclusion, what is occurring on the ground, in material terms when this happens? We could presume that if the map with parcels of lands, straight dashed lines and grids running across the plan never left the sheet of paper, nothing would have occurred. Imagine for a moment that a plan is drawn of a land. All the tools and techniques of a skilled cartographer engaged to draw the greatest and most compelling map they have ever created. Firstly, they are able to do this, rather than creating a map of a fantasy world that might grace the beginning pages of a novel, because someone stood somewhere, collecting and recording information, maybe with a surveyors chain in hand, the kind Hoddle used to displace and implace Melbourne over Naarm. The mapper draws out this excellent and detailed map from this gathered information, they demarcate points of interest and in this act of mapping, provide a hierarchy of choice and decide what is important. Then, once complete they proceed to fold it up and place the map back in a drawer from where the original sheet came from. Nothing acted, nothing done, the landscape it represents continue along under its current devices, systems and dynamics, never having seen the strokes and lines enacted. If on the other hand, that map was seen

and taken by someone who wished to act upon the land, then it is an entirely different matter. With this cartographers map in hand standing at the place it delineates, perhaps some rocks moved to mark out spaces every few metres, there is still yet time to reconsider. Time to return, to place that map back in the drawer, to turn back to the desk and cast a glance across a fresh sheet of paper and draw a map anew. However, once a shovel is picked up, the first fence post hole dug, it migrates the map and that line to the ground. With this material migration the outcome can vary wildly. What does this fence post look like? Is it a palisade, wire, or post fence? Does it have a plinth along the base, how far apart are the planks? Does it have a gate, or none at all? What is planted within it? Does agapanthus reign supreme along the front, is every plant that emerges cherished, or only the ones planted? Planting is a political act. Material choices are political acts. This is well known, but must be repeatedly emphasised. The designer, and in this case, the landscape architect imparts intention and exerts a registration in the use and choices of materiality. This emergence of a representational concept upon the ground affects the place it is at. With the nominated material and species crucial in registration of a design, how its read, and what it says about the space. It exerts a set of values and whether hidden or overt, it communicates.

Nowhere does this communication occur more than in the public realm, often the purview of the landscape architect. Their tectonic expression therefore is paramount. As landscape architects often acting in the public realm the design intent drawn out on plan is only able to be revealed and decided when the design is initiated and materialised. This intent, the fabric of logic that pushes the project along its trajectory can be strengthened or weakened in this process of migration. One common way is designing by programming spaces for use, a creation of landscape rooms for specified use, a programmed garden. However with the knowledge of materiality being such an instrumental influence this programmatic approach can become a false lead of the design process. With such focus on how to use as space by others (who contain their own agency) rather than what the space is made of, ignores the responsibility of where the designer can best act. It shifts the conversation from how can we, as designers, design better, to how can others use the space better in the way it was intended. Intensely focused on what will occur in the future according to defined set of parameters means that the design becomes a set piece designed by directors that have no experience in theatre and rarely even visit the production, acted by actors who didn’t receive the script on how to behave. A focus on future use leads to expectations of a right and wrong use

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of the design. Most likely this 'successful' usage hinges greater upon sunny days to bask in, free time by the public, or a general interest to do so, than the design that states what programmed space is for what use on the plan. Is there a need for such a design if you consume junk food in the active zone, work in the recreation area, stand on the seating, or are immersed in conversation in the bird watching area? Allowances should be made for a variety of uses in a designed space, but the risk of this driving the design and holding the logic of its existence is a fraught one. This can lead to an over prescribed and hyper strict expectation, with the diagrammatic drawings holding more importance than the outcome. If a design holds it own sense of self with some sort of internal logic, it must surely be better served than one that’s design logic for existence crumbles at the first misuse of its spaces. Once let out into the wider world for use and judgement a self driven design speaks to what it is, speaking a potential of embedded depth and meaning. It also is able to recognise its own limitations, and knows what it is does not control. The designer can impart and express as needed, they can use materiality knowing that what they nominate says something. It is a choice, not a means to an end of what may occur, but a clear decision making process that using the most of everyday of materials can create interesting

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and meaningful spaces. Exploring and testing with these, a designer develops a way of practicing and expressing themselves and facilitates others to have a conversation with a space that they otherwise wouldn’t be able to. It is a weighty and crucial thing to hold a drawing practice that makes decisions drawing or writing on a desk for it to be enacted upon somewhere else, and therefore knowledge of this process of migration is important. A connection to this sense of materiality will make the representations stronger and more informed in this spatial linking. As practioners grappling with immaterial forces through drawings sometimes we like to think of ourselves as artists and creative indivduals. I'd argue the latter is true, the former false. A key difference between the drawing of an artist and a spatial designer is that the designer can’t just draw anything. Because every line the spatial designer draws isn't "it" the object or process they are seeking to employ, it merely represents and the line sits in place and therefore the line is subject to the forces of the spatial world. The drawing as a whole is not the 'thing', its a practice operating through the drawing of migration. The drawing is tethered to a place that has to contend with physics and time.

“All this matters because my job is to make things. How objects get handled, used and handed on is not just a mildly interesting question for me. It is my question. I have made many thousands of pots. I am very bad at names. I mumble and fudge, but I am good at pots. I can remember the weight and the balance of a pot, and how its surface works with its volume. I can read how and edge creates tension or loses it. I can feel if it has been made at speed or with diligence. If it has warmth. I can see how it works with the objects that sit nearby. How it displaces a small part of the world around it.” Edmund De Waal, Potter

Diagram concept courtesy of Liz Herbert

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Knowledge Material Migration

This project recognises time. It has investigated its own time spent, how, where, and what on, in development of knowledge. Should I, the student, produce or listen, draw or sketch, read or think? Should the landscape architect spend 8% of their time on planting, or 30%?* These decisions are choices. They produce actions which vary wildly in their contribution to a project. Everything is possible, but only something can be done.

*See page 181 for "Where Landscape Architects Spend Their Time"

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Making the Timesheet

Site Visit

Assignment

Research

Testing

Sketching

Writing

Mapping

Discussion

Recording

Preparation

Review

Layout

Presentation

Drawing

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Values

A Community of Practice

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Values Influences and Imagined Mentors Position

Landscape Architects Architects • • • • • •

Hamish Lyon Dean Boothroyd Kaare Krokene Lauren Garner Louise Wright & Mauro Baracco Flores and Prats

The Others • • • •

Olafur Eliasson Ricky Maynard Sidney Nolan Marjetica Potrč

*See Tectonic Theory: At the intersection of architecture and landscape architecture

172

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Alistair Kirkpatrick Liz Herbert Ella Gauci-Seddon Mark Jacques Sarah Hicks Catherine Mosbach Nigel Dunnett James Hitchmough Paul Thompson Piet Ouldorf Gunther Vogt Thomas Doxiadis

Ar ch

ite

ctu

Practice*

a sc

ch Ar

e ur

t ec

173

Work as Practice, Practice as Process

The values of the landscape architect as a material. Within my practice, and this project, the values that have been materialised as a student of landscape architecture. Collectively with one layered upon the other it contains work of sharing knowledge and a construction that is the sum of its parts, the individual worker.

A B INQUIRY

SPECULATIVE

C D E

INDIRECT

DIRECT

G H

ACTION

2019

2020

RMIT

AKAS Snøhetta

SLAB AILA Fresh Mentorship Program Polis Competition

Platform Competition Construct@NAS Competition 2015

174

NH Architecture

2016

INQUIRY

SPECULATIVE

E INDIRECT

D DIRECT

ACTION

2017

2018

2019

2020

My Practice is: Learning A Community On the ground

175

Community of Practice Material Migration

Alistair Kirkpatrick 2hrs Simon Robinson and Steve Mintern 2hrs

Revew: Candice Teok, Charles Anderson, Kirsten Bauer 0.5hr

Candice Teok 30hrs

Kyle Bush 1hr

Jen Lynch 1.5hrs

Zoe Loomes 38hrs

Emily Wong 1hr

176

Others Liz Herbert Alice Lewis Candice Teok Zoe Loomes

Heike Rahmann 0.5hr

Review: Alice Lewis, Cassandra Chilton, Brent Greene 0.5hrs

Cassandra Chilton 3hrs

Alice Lewis 51.5hrs

Liz Herbert .5hrs

177

178

Time Spatial Workers

Practice “By identifying ourselves as workers and our contributions as “work” – work that is aesthetic, technical, social, organizational, environmental, administrative, fiduciary, but in all cases, work. The goal is to build on this fundamental awareness and understanding of value to become perceptive operators in our contemporary political economy.” Peggy Deamer

Architecture Lobby Diagram

Landscape Architects

179

Time A Student Practitioner I am both a student AND a student of landscape architecture. Governed by these forces and the extents of the day, week, and month.

Weekly average hours

D A G

A 6.4

B 31.5 C 16

D 6 E 12

Total Weekly Average 53.5hrs

A 6.4

B 31.5

Student self-directed time

C 16

Student of Landscape Architecture role

D 6

Expected contact hours

E 12

Minimum self directed hours

F 36 G 37.5 180

Student contact hours

The "rule around campus" 1 credit = 1 hour*

*48 credits for full time students

Standard working week**

*Standard Working week based on Census Report 2001–2016 Women in Australian Landscape Architecture AILA Census

F 36 G 37.5

Where Landscape Architects Spend Their Time* Garden Design 8% Landscape planning (large scale projects, and planning policy) 24% Site planning and design 31% Forestry and agriculture 1% Project management 16% Teaching 2% Environmental management 3% Landscape construction 12% Other 3% *Across all disciplines, AILA 2017 Salary Survey Report

Material Migration has asked, what can a landscape architect do with finite limits? While everything can seemingly be done with unlimited time, what can be done with a consciousness of the limited? Abilities diminish or increase drastically with the length of time given, or where it is concentrated. By its awareness this project has used itself to map time to migrate the unknown into a state of known 'material'. Over the year this has revealed how time is spent, what on, and where.

181

Time Project in Migration Total 1182.5 hours

A 49.4% B 15%

C 9.9%

Layouts

D 3.4%

Presentions

E 3.3%

F 3.2%

Drawing

G 3%

D Sketching E Research F Discussions

Assignments

H 3%

Mapping

Writing

Reviewing Preparation

J 1.9%

K 1.6%

Methods and techniques testing

L 1.5%

M 1.4%

Recording

N 0.6%

O 0.1%

Site Visits

182

I 2.6%

Making the timesheet

Material Migrations is a project made up of many forces and actions. The project is manifested by the below:

Layouts

D Sketching E Research F Discussions

Layouts 177.5hrs

C 9.9%

Presentations (tutor class) 117.5hrs

D 3.4%

Sketching 40hrs

E 3.3%

Research and Reading 39hrs

F 3.2%

Discussions 38 hrs

G 3%

Assignments (Project A) 35.5hrs

H 3%

Mapping 35.5hrs

I 2.6%

Writing 30.5hrs

J 1.9%

Methods and techniques testing 22.5

K 1.6%

Review (presentations, work and notes) 19.5hrs

L 1.5%

Preparation (For presentations) 18hrs

M 1.4%

Recording (Under Covid-19 restrictions) 16hrs

Recording

N 0.6%

Site Visits 7.5hrs

O 0.1%

Making the timesheet 1hr

Assignments

B 15%

Presentions

A 49.4% Drawing 584.5hrs

Mapping

Writing

Reviewing Preparation

Methods and techniques testing

Site Visits

O Making the timesheet

183

Time Material Migration Material Migrations: 1182 hours* Landscape architecture is within the systems and forces it seeks to influence. Just as my physical location changed from the design hub to home as Covid-19 reached the shores of Australia, the rhythm of the semesters and weeks changed my work and the outcomes of those shifts manifested themselves in the practice I've developed.

Week 14: 76 hrs

WHAT

10 5

hrs

184

Submission

2nd Site Visit

3D Model tests

1st Site Visit

Mid-Semester Review

Site Selection

Design Hub closes due to Covid-19

Essay Written

Tectonic Theory

*AILA Practice Note 3 (2004) Summary of fee Student/ Technician $50 - $95; Material Migrations $59,100 - $112,290 (labour costs only)

Winter Seminar

Week

WHERE

Semester 1 (Project A)

Hours:

A B C

D E F G

Daily Student of landscape architecture role Weekly Total (Not including student role) Home RMIT Design Hub Outside Week 14: 72 hrs

On Site

Final Submission

Flythrough Test

Panel

DRC

Mid-Semester Review

3D Material Mapping

Masterplan Sketching

Abstract Writting

Semester 2 (Project B)

185

Time: Here/Now Representations Landscape architecture is within the systems and forces it seeks to influence. I have operated within time and at a moment in time. This work reflects this. As the rate of technology accelerates with Moore's law, the renders will soon seem obsolete. They depict a here and now. These drawings position the project at a moment in time. They are not timeless representations.

Botanical Sketch 1970s

Botanical drawing 1800s

Historical Drawings on 3D planes

3D Model_Bush 2020s

186

3D Model_Bush 2020s

“The challenge of the modern landscape architect is two fold at the very least. They must grasp the geographical specificities of each site, but also the material specificities of each art form used to imagine and represent these sites. This sensitivity to material is what made Burle Marx a landscape architect” Kelly Chan, The Man who Elevated Landscape to Art

187

The Moment of Making Representations and Emanations

188

A sketch practice: I work in many modes, I now realise this. I don't purely work in the analogue or digital, and therefore I have sought to develop a practice that operates in this multiplicity. The swift and gestural linework, or precise drawing, my practice demands both.

189

The Campus Composite The campus as a composite of its material and immaterial forces in migration.

Material

Funding Large infrastructure Connects grants are available as Detention Centre Campuses an economic stimulus. Situated in between the Caretaker Role Closure Providing earmarked funds

Migration

190

Maribyrnong Campus Project

two major VU universities The site hasthe been The commonwealth for new VU campus. (Sunshine Footscray) maintained byand VUlonger government no The new since and due to being has1989 need of campus the closed within 3km Detention of each builds heritage constraints, Maribyrnong theunable university 'campus has been to sell. Centre. Recognising fabric'. Recognising it as a keyof the VU's caretaker role landadjacent asset provides a new site a land deal has taken place. opportunity.

Migration

The (im)material

Maribyrnong Campus Project

Material

Immaterial

Kulin Nation Elected Government Australian Standards Heritage Listing Victoria University Chancellor Block Model Planetary Health Unit Funding WoMEDA Existing Ownership

two major VU strategy universities The backed The site hasthe been The commonwealth for new VUdegrees. campus. (Sunshine Footscray) 9 councils seeks to maintained byand VU government no longer The new campus the West. since and due to being has1989 need ofstrengthen the closed within 3km Detention of each builds heritage constraints, Maribyrnong theunable university 'campus has been to sell. Centre. Recognising fabric'. Recognising it as a keyof the VU's caretaker role landadjacent asset provides a new site a land deal has taken place. opportunity.

Migration

The (im)material

Material

Immaterial

Kulin Nation Elected Government Australian Standards Heritage Listing Victoria University Chancellor Block Model Planetary Health Unit Funding WoMEDA Existing Ownership

2021 Chancellor Steve Bracks AC has Planetary Health stated he is"both excited Block Unit andModel proud to have an OnlyAddresses one unit (subject) is shape the to intersect opportunity help WoMEDA taught at any single time. between the health of with the direction of VU" West of Melbourne Funding Each unit runsproject. overthe a fourthe planet and health this The new Economic Development Large infrastructure Connects week ‘block’. Currently of communities. With VU chancellor of 2021 seeks Alliance, a VU initiative. grantsoffered are integrating available as planetary to in all Detention Centre Campuses tostudents make a significant "Absent a strategy theaWest an economic stimulus. years of undergraduate Situated between thelegacy at VU. willin become a dormitory." Caretaker Role Closure Providing earmarked funds higherfuture. education two major VU strategy universities The backed The site hasthe been The commonwealth for new VUdegrees. campus. Values (Sunshinebyand Footscray) 9ofcouncils seeks to maintained VU government no longer Witnessing outcomes Knowledge The new campus the West. since 1989 and due to being has need ofstrengthen the closed their professions. Student learning in constraints, a 3km novelof each builds within Time heritage Maribyrnong Detention

Knowledge Values Time

Maribyrnong Campus Project

context/environment. theunable university 'campus 4 week outdoor classes, has been totosell. Centre. Recognising Building: Connecting fabric'. with rotating learning andit as Recognising a keyof the VU's caretaker role the environment. Building: Testing Site planting. landEmpowering asset provides a new adjacent site by a land deal Law: Law: Socialopportunity. Justice has taken place. being at a place that holds Building:Witness Outside Arts: Sourced material Law: Outside context Arts: Outside

models.

Migration

The (im)material

Knowledge Values Time

Maribyrnong Campus Project

Landscape Architect

191

Masterplan Studies

192

Maribyrnong Campus: Within Monash University Caulfield Campus

University of Melbourne

Victoria University Footscray Campus

RMIT

Universities

Site

Springvale (later Enterprise) Migrant Hostel

Altona (later Wiltona) Migrant Hostel

Material

Repurposed Migrant Hostels

Holmesglen Migrant Hostel

Migrations

Removed Migrant Camps

These studies both bring forth the migration of the new campus, and set down the campus within these sites into this landscape.

Wootten Reserve

Campus

Immaterial

Influences

Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre (BMTC)

Landscape Architect's Influences

193

Material

Fisherman’s Bend Migrant Hostel

Immaterial

Migrant Reception Centre, Carlton Gardens

Masterplan Composite

194

100[m]

Campus

195

Material

Immaterial

Migrations

196

Wurundjeri Estate Kulin Nation

Section 20, Cut Paw Paw Surveyed by Robert Hoddle

Squatter Parcels F Koch, T B Derham, C B Fischer

Royal Australian Field Artillery Pyrotechnics Section

Migrant Camp Commonwealth Government

Philip Centre and Midway Migrant Hostel Montgomery King, Trengove

Student Village Victoria University

Catetaker Mode Victoria University

This Migration Of Knowledge Time and Values

Maribyrnong Campus Victoria University

197

Large in the Small of Landscape Architecture

198

The Campus The Process Design Principles Knowledge Students learning in a novel context/environment. This knowledge is transferred by the very materials of site. this campus provides a materiality of the students’ chosen professions impact upon their world. It’s a place to build with the social, cultural and political forces shaping the physical environment, just as the physical world shapes them.

Values Witnessing outcomes of their professions. Are they first in the family to attend university last a vast number of VU students, or do they hold the West as an important aspect of their identities. This land requires work and their choice of study is evident on the land. Studying the Planetary health unit on site it addresses the relationship between the health of the planet and health of communities, understanding that each impact the other.

Time 4 week outdoor classes, with rotating learning. Each day of the units taught at the outdoor campus involve the interrelationship between the health of the planet and health of communities. Students spend their time learning their units on-site, in addition to their chosen study, revegetating plots with planting Sheoaks and various other species.

Principles of Design Knowledge A student learning in a novel context and method. This knowledge is transferred by the very materials of site. While I have been cultivating this practice and this project, I have spent 49% of it drawing, as such it should be seen as the ongoing developing drawing practice of a spatial worker being shaped by my environment.

Values Finding a landscape architectural tectonic practice. I exist within a community, that is one of landscape architecture. The people I work and talk with guide my work, they’re forces that influence and guide my practice. I value that to work within a community isn’t a distant or abstract idea exhibited in renders, but a very present concept I exist within.

Time 2 semesters of project development. If I know, then value the applications and theoretical concepts of landscape architecture, then they must be given time, not infinite for the spatial worker. The creative and mundane endeavours that have guided the design research of the campus proposal must all find a place within the 1182 hours of this project.

199

Material Migrations As Campus

Fold

Cut

Shelter

Traverse

200

Juncture

Purposed Material

Material

Layering

Migrations

Integration

Reconfigurement

Immaterial

1. Hampstead Road Entrance

2. Williamson Road Entrance

3. Yellow Box Street and Lightwood Way Entrance

4. Myrtle Drive Entrance

Immaterial

Entrance as Story

201

Migrations as Campus Knowledge

202

Values

Time

203

Process Summation The Practice of a Worker Throughout this project I have sought to delve into how things are worked and their underlying forces. One of these explorations has been acknowledging that behind the work of design is a person working. No matter how objective in appearance the drawings might seem, or the attempt to percieve a non-human environment they are subject to the fallibility and process of someone. There

is therefore me behind this work you see, and a drawing practice to facilitate in flagging this for you, the reader, and for me the worker. It has also been an exercise in learning to acknowledge in the ways of working a human might want engage in, day in, day out. Bringing forth a care in and of process, not only outcomes.

Proposed Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel

Proposed Project Intervention Tectonics

Material Site The Tangible

Immaterial

Forces The Intangible

Migrations

Practice Student to graduate of landscape architecture

204

This Project

205

Conclusion

206

Project Reflection Ultimately by regarding the migrations of its own process and work this project seeks to become aware of and learn from them. It operates as a transitional vehicle of investigation for a student graduating 5 years of study and moving into working as a landscape architect. It has facilitated in revealing the forces at play in themselves and in the everyday of work.

and strengthen each other when being worked in unison, able to act as the large in the small of landscape architectural work. The composites of the practice are important in realisation as the social, cultural and political forces continue to shape the physical environment, just as the physical world shapes the landscape architect.

Believing that the act of design sits within the forces it designs with, diverges from landscape architectural thinking of an ever larger and larger scale quasi-planning and observational practice, delegating the work of realisation to others, to a much messier tectonic practice. One that comes to terms with its abilities, gains confidence from, knowing that its actions are best done with others engaging with the challenges of spatial making-byrepresentation.

As such this project, and this reflection you are reading now, reads as a conclusion should, a summary of the work that has led to this point. As a student's work however, its a cursory start of practice. I have spent 176 days over 2 semesters totalling 1182 hours on this project, a generous amount of time and energy given to what amounts to an individual pursuit focused on a project and profession that is inherently collaborative beyond its own discipline. This is then merely a commencement in contribution to the discourse, and first developings of my practice. A practice that seeks to comprehend the forces in action, work within rather than without, reveal rather than ignore, and contribute in the multiple rather than the singular.

Material Migrations has revealed that through holding a multiplicity of narratives that there is no choice between the pragmatic and vocational aspects of landscape architecture and the abstract and theoretical, they in fact operate

207

208

209

210

211

212

MATERIAL MIGRATIONS IS BOTH A BOTH A CAMPUS MASTERPLAN

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PROJECT. AND 1182* HOURS OF WORK

*Summary of fee (labour costs only) AILA Practice Note 3 (2004) Student/ Technician $50 - $95: Fairwork award (2020) Bachelor's degree with a pathway to a Master of Architecture - 3rd year of experience $25.65:

$59,100 - $112,290 $30,282.84

213

Project FAQ Q1: Why this banal speculation of a campus when you could do anything for a major project!? A: This project might seem that the site merely operates as a background entity to the theory and process of the project, this is not the case. As a spatial designer I am interested outcomes and within that, social causes. I am the first in my family to attend university, growing up with a low SES background. Vocational and the varied forms of access to education interest me personally and as such responding with a project interacting with these forces seems much more interesting than unfettered, speculative proposals. Q2: Why this site? A: In addition to responding to the above, Victoria University owned land, and corresponding social causes, the historical layers of program and interventions unravel with the merest nudge. In addition because it's just that, a site! It contains enclosures, edges, borders, all the things that annoy and frustrate, and also opportunity. Influences require source origins, and adjacencies require an edge to be just that, adjacent. Q3: Why tectonics? A: It's a very little explored area of landscape architectural theory. Plants seem to appear, the paths materialise, "someone does this... someone does that..." but who? It seems a blind spot to recognise the agency of the landscape architect in this space, at the constructive aspects, as a possibility of theoretical thinking. Q4: Don't landscape architects already do tectonics, and your project is just doing it again, but not as good... because its not built? A: Yes! This is true, landscape architects have this agency right when the tasks are being undertaken, but what about getting ahead of this, the considering about actions, before being enacted, and dare I say getting all theoretical? The acting and the considering folding over each other throughout a line of practice. Projects are situated within this line, and benefiting from each. Q5: What about the Viridic, isn't that a better line of inquiry? A: The Manifesto of the Viridic, in Julian Raxworthy's book, Overgrown. Brilliant! Such great work. I'd argue its relevence, and more work needs to be done in this lens regarding plant life in landscape architecture to celebrate this profound skillset. I like to think, that my project also contributes in some small way to celebrating the "practical" aspects of practice, however my project diverges at the point of representation. It seeks to remain in this uncomfortable space, at the drawing and communication as the main tool of practice, going neither too far removed from site, nor to a genius loci. Q6: What's the deal always calling practice work, and work practice? A: Practice and work, I subscribe to a practice as a form of work, rather than a form of art. I am curious to developing a creative endevour that is situated within a system, the workforce and workplace, of individuals. I seek to learn to push and challenge my own practice and abilities within, say the 1,182 hours of the project, and regarding what can be done with that work. The struggling artist mentality for work that is far too constrained to be art has no merit as a form of practice.

214

Q7: How is work and tectonics connected? A: They're both underlying forces of process, and in the practice of a spatial designer, intrinsically linked. Work defines the tectonics of a project, and tectonics defines the work of a landscape architect. Q8: You discuss time as a measure of things happenings, but is that it? A: It has been a useful measure in the process of revealing the process of the project, but it is also a marker. The project has leaned heavily on 3D visualisations because as technology progresses, these images will age quite swiftly. The black and white line drawing, timeless and removed from its point of origin was not the goal. Q9: You seem to like 'doing' things, but you are only drawing pictures and writing words, isn't that hypocritical? A: See question 5. Its a tightrope walk! Q10: Where are all the people in your drawings? Since humaness seems to be an important element in your work? A: Agency is a core part of this project. As such, I have forgone representing people in my drawings to acknowledge their own agency in the proposed spaces. The seats, paths and interventions might not be inhabited in the way that I intend. I have no interest in creating compelling imagery whose design integrity rests solely what someone may or may not do, or act. That is their agency and for them to decide. Q11: Also, your drawings are renders, photos, and quite frankly, quite poor sketches, where is the mastery of drawing since it seems so important? A: I wish I was a better drawer its true. Alas, I draw from a multiplicity, a composite of skills not quite mastered, and hopefully that in their assemblage, the combined threads, a unique skillset arrives. This multiplicity, I think is landscape architecture, and spatial design as whole. Experts; engineers, arborists, pedestrian modellers, horticulturists etc. are all consulted and worked with. The spatial designer navigates with their expertise and creates composites in novel forms and processes.

215

Migratory Paths Diegetic Thought 216

Chapter 08 A Garden of Forking Paths Preliminary Masterplans Preliminary project and Site Sudies Project A Poster

AS2700 T53 Peacock Blue

217

Preliminary Studies Masterplan Overlayed Historical plans, preliminary masterplan sketches, and proposed plan.

218

Maribyrnong Campus Proposed

219

Preliminary Studies Models Edge path and representation studies

220

221

Preliminary Studies Gathering a Project These studies were undertaken to explore concepts and ideas as they relate to the design research inquiry and diverge into related topics. They are a tool used to study divergent thinking, concepts and research along the lifespan of the project. Ecotones

Trees are Bigger Than We Think MELBOURNE MUSEUM TREE DEPICTION

TYPICAL TREE DEPICTION

Trees are bigger than you think.

The Missing Middle

Mid-Storey

Has architecture occupied the place of mid-stratum? Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Disney 1937

222

What’s at the Edge?

Thresholds and Third Spaces

Contract Vs Expand

Representations Matter

A Seat Isn’t Just a Seat, a Nature Strip Isn’t Just a Nature Strip

Stay at the Hinge

Did Architecture Steal the Mid-Strata?

The Landscape Machine?

Landscape as Filter?

What Does Mid-Storey Mean?

Where Can I Act?

Others Matter

Trees Are Bigger Than We Think

Drawing As Tools

Project Schema

223

Constructing Practice

Background image by Friends of the Imaroo

The scaffold of landscape architecture practice operates as a built profession. The project works at a construction site, constructed from representations. A landscape emerges from the same such representations. Plantings of trees are aimed to grow as an ecological approach and to build more canopy and green spaces. Taking place on a volcanic plain grassland.

224

“Material practice is the shift from asking “What does this mean?” to “What does this do?” Jesse Reiser and Nanako Umemoto , Atlas of Novel Tectonics

Finding a Site

Edges aren’t the end

225

Site Studies

RESERVE Woodlands Historic Park

Feral Proof fencing provides an introduced fauna free habitat for the Eastern Barred Bandicoot. Situated within Hills Herb-rich Woodland the threshold is two-fold. Firstly the threshold of the remnant vegetation, it’s mosaic edges and within its vertical strata of grassy ground cover and canopy. Secondly, its feral proof gates that allow walkers, riders, and mounain bikers through and around the space.

Feral Proof fencing

Eastern Barred Bandicoot Habitat (Ecologogical Class 71)

EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland - Central Victorian Uplands bioregion

LF Code

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Central Victorian Uplands bioregion EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland Description:

An open, eucalypt woodland to 15m tall occurring on a number of geologies and soil types. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer.

Large trees: Species

DBH(cm)

Eucalyptus spp.

80 cm

Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15%

Understorey: Life form

Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens

#/ha

15 / ha

Common Name

Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata

Manna Gum Swamp Gum

#Spp 3 3 4 2 9 4 2 1 6 2 1 na

%Cover 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 20% 5% 10% 5% 25% 5% 1% 10%

LF code IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL

Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Exocarpos cupressiformis Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Pimelea humilis Lissanthe strigosa ssp. subulata Hibbertia stricta s.l. Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Astroloma humifusum Gonocarpus tetragynus Poranthera microphylla Hypericum gramineum Hydrocotyle laxiflora Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Solenogyne dominii Opercularia ovata Austrostipa mollis Austrostipa rudis ssp. nervosa Lepidosperma longitudinale Lomandra filiformis Schoenus apogon Themeda triandra Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum

T T MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF

Common Name

Blackwood Cherry Ballart Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Common Rice-flower Peach Heath Upright Guinea-flower Pink-bells Honey-pots Cranberry Heath Common Raspwort Small Poranthera Small St John's Wort Stinking Pennywort Scented Sundew Smooth Solenogyne Broad-leaf Stinkweed Supple Spear-grass Veined Spear-grass Pithy Sword-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Bog-sedge Kangaroo Grass Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken

Recruitment: Continuous

Organic Litter: 10 % cover

Logs:

10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG

Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Centaurium erythraea Hypochoeris glabra Holcus lanatus Briza maxima Anthoxanthum odoratum Romulea rosea Briza minor Aira elegantissima

Common Name

Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Common Centaury Smooth Cat's-ear Yorkshire Fog Large Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass

Invasive Impact

high high high high high high high high high high

low low low low high low high low low low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

226

www.dse.vic.gov.au

Site Studies

CURTILEGE

21 Queen Street, Ormond

The High Court of Australia defines curtilage as:

Glen Eira City Council Community Local Law 32. Planting on nature strips (1) A person must not— (a) plant any tree on; or (b) plant any vegetation on; or (c) otherwise modify the appearance of a nature strip. (2) Notwithstanding subclause 32(1), a person may, subject to a Permit,— (a) plant vegetation on; or (b) otherwise modify the appearance of the nature strip immediately outside a Property which he or she occupies if such planting or modification complies with the Nature Strip Planting Guidelines.

Council relies on the goodwill of property owners to maintain the nature strip adjacent to their property. Maintenance includes mowing, weeding, edging and any works required in keeping the nature strip safe and tidy and free of rubbish and hazards.

(3) Subclauses 32(1) and 32(2) do not apply to a Service Authority or a person employed or acting on behalf of a Service Authority in respect of work which is for the purposes of the Service Authority.

600mm

500mm

Any building, whether it is a habitatson or has some other use, may stand within a larger area of land which subserves the purposes of the building. The land surrounds the building because it actually or supposedly contributes to the enjoyment of the building or the fulfilment of its purposes. Royal Sydney Golf Club v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) (1955) 91 CLR 610 at 626.

Planting maximum height

150mm

500m Non-planting zone from footpath

700m Planting zone

900m

100mm

Non-planting zone from kerb

NTS

227

Site Studies

MARKER

Port Phillip Bay Channel Markers

Guide to Vessel Operating and Zoning Rules for Victorian Waters South East Port Phillip Bay 1.3.9 Areas prohibited to vessels All vessels are prohibited in the following areas: (a) Waters bounded by a line commencing at a signpost2003 displaying ‘No Vessel’ sign on the foreshore north east of Balmoral Avenue, Safety Beach, then extending seaward to a yellow special mark pileA08b approximately 500 metres offshore, then extending south west to a yellow special mark pileA08a approximately 500 metres offshore, then extending shoreward to a signpost2004 on the foreshore displaying ‘No Vessels’ sign approximately 100m south west of Balmoral Avenue, Safety Beach. (b) Waters bounded by a line commencing at a signpost 2005 displaying ‘No Vessels’ sign on the foreshore at Dromana Pier, then seaward along the western side of Dromana Pier to a ‘No Vessel’ sign2006 at the outer end of the Pier, then south west to a yellow special mark buoyB103, then extending shoreward to a signpost2007 displaying ‘No Vessel’ sign on the foreshore in line with the western edge of the Dromana Life Saving Club. (c) Waters bounded by a line commencing at a signpost2010 displaying ‘No Vessels’ sign on the foreshore at the carpark opposite Penny Lane, Rosebud, then extending seaward to a yellow special mark pileA17 approximately 500 metres offshore, then west south west to a yellow special mark pileA18 then extending south to a signpost2011 on the foreshore displaying a ‘No Vessels’ sign located at the western edge of the Rosebud Life Saving Club. (d) Waters bounded by a line commencing at a signpost2016 displaying ‘No Vessel’ sign on the foreshore on the western side of the rock groyne 180 metres east of Rye Pier, then approximately 200 metres offshore to a special mark yellow buoyB108, then west to a ‘No Vessels’ sign2018 affixed to the east side of the Pier, then shoreward to a signpost2017 displaying ‘No Vessels’ sign on the beach on the eastern side of Rye Pier. Maritime Safety Victoria

Port Phillip Bay Bathymetry

Annotate

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Site Studies VERGE

M2 Citylink and Moonee Ponds Creek

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Drawing Studies

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Project A Poster

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Credits

APPENDIX Chapter 07 Extra

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Site Photos Additional Documentation Bibliography

AS2700 Y12 Wattle

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A Record Site Visit

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Materiality of the site in its current state. Its existence outside of the drawing. Documented and catagorised upon the site.

Conversion

Path

Shroud

Intended

Left

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Site Photos

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Site Photos

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Supplementary Documentation “Maribyrnong was in many ways a typical hostel of the immediate post war period, developing in a somewhat ad hoc fashion in response to local conditions and the demands of the boarder program. It was not until the introduction of designed apartment blocks that the site’s purpose becomes physically defined, even if its wider cultural aims relating to assimilation were under constant negotiation both from within the bureaucracy but also more significantly with the people moving through the site. Maribyrnong’s name change to the Midway Hostel and Philip Centre attempted to reaffirm the department’s objective of a new era of improved housing options and domestic facilities for assisted migrants and refugees.” Renee Miller-Yeaman, Encoding and Transferring Transience in Housing Linking the Architectural Heritages of Migrant Hostels and Public Housing in Victoria in the 1960s

Expression of Interest: Lease of Former Victoria University Student Village Victoria University is seeking Expressions of Interest from suitable organisations to lease 5 single storey buildings (individually or collectively) at the former Victoria University Student Village site. The Student Village is located on Williamson Road, in the heart of Maribyrnong. Student Village was a residential campus of Victoria University. It is located in Maribyrnong, 9km from the centre of Melbourne and provided accommodation for over 500 tertiary students. Proposed Lease Term The Lease term is for 1 (one) year maximum (followed by month by month tenancy). Site Under Offer The area under lease offer comprises of 5 single storey buildings as follows: • • • • •

Building 01 Building 02 Building 03 Building 04 Building 05

= = = = =

312 m2; 866 m2; 356 m2; 568 m2; and 339 m2

These 5 single storey buildings total approximately 2,441 m2 of gross building floor area. Victoria University Student Village Site – Maribyrnong City Council At the 2011 Census, Maribyrnong had a population of 71,635. Maribyrnong has the second most ethnically diverse population in Victoria, with 47.7% of residents born outside Australia. Residents come from more than 135 different countries and speak over 80 languages. The City of Maribyrnong is a place of diversity, opportunities and challenges. The level and type of development occurring over the past ten years, and likely to continue for the next ten to twenty years, is unique to inner Melbourne. Many of the City's former industrial sites have been replaced by residential developments and for the first time in ten years the City have witnessed population increases. This trend will continue and in the next twenty years Maribyrnong is expected to welcome an additional 16,000 residents.

Victoria University EOI site lease. First inquiry

Historical site aerials, Conservation Management Plan, Lovell Chen

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Montgomery, King and Trengove, Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel Plans and drawings, Supplied by Victoria University

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Bibliography Book

Baracco, M., Wright, L., & Tegg, L. (2018). Repair. Australian Institute of Architects (AIA). Bartoli, S., & Stollmann, J. (2019). Tiergarten: Landscape of Transgressions. Parks Books. Bennett, J. (2010). Vibrant matter. Durham: Duke University Press. Bryson, B., & Matthews, R. (2003). A short history of nearly everything. Santa Ana, CA: Books on Tape. Chambers, P., Porter, L., Davidge, T., Jacques, M., & Martin, C. (2020). The Politics of Public Space, Volume One. Self Pubished. Chris Jones, J. (2013). Christchurch: the Transitional City Part IV. Freerange Cooperative Ltd. De Waal, E. (2011). The hare with amber eyes. London: Vintage.

Reid, G. (2013). Landscape graphics. New York: Watson-Guptill. Reiser, J., & Umemoto, N. (2012). Atlas of novel tectonics. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press. Tufte, E. (1997). Visual Explanation. Graphics Press USA. Tufte, E. (1990). Envisioning information. Graphics Press USA. Van Der Veide, R., & Connolly, P. (2002). Technique. RMIT University Press. Van Schaik, L., Ware, S., Fudge, C., & London, G. (2013). The practice of spatial thinking. One Point Six One. Van Zuylen, G. (1994). The Garden: Vsions of Paradise. Thames & Hudson.

Garcia, M. (2009). The Diagrams of Architecture. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Vogt, G., & Ólafur Elíasson. (2012). Miniature and panorama. Baden: Lars Müller.

Lee, G., & Ware, S. (2020). Making Sense of Landscape (2nd ed.). Spacemaker Press.

Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as urbanism. Princeton University Press.

Low, T. (2017). The New Nature. Penguin. McHarg, I. (1995). Design with nature. New York: John Wiley. Mosbach, C., & Claramunt, M. (2003). Embodied. Basel: Birkhäuser.

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Pascoe, B. (2014). Dark emu. Magabala Books.

Website

Abandoned student village. (2020). Retrieved 30 October 2020, from https://kittenofdoom.com/2011/05/01/ abandoned-student-village/ Australia’s Migration Program – Parliament of Australia. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https://www.aph.gov. au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_ Departments/Parliamentary_Library/ pubs/BN/1011/AustMigration Carey, A. (2020). Melbourne's uni sector has highest proportion of international students. The Age. Retrieved 4 October 2020, from https://www.theage.com.au/ national/victoria/melbourne-s-uni-sectorhas-highest-proportion-of-internationalstudents-20190823-p52k6w.html. Detention statistics for Australia Refugee Council of Australia. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https:// www.refugeecouncil.org.au/detentionaustralia-statistics/ Geological Survey of Victoria. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https:// earthresources.vic.gov.au/geologyexploration/geological-survey-victoria Halvatzis, S. (2020). Understanding the uses and functions of fabula and syuzhet construction in stories. Retrieved 19 October 2020, from http:// stavroshalvatzis.com/story-design/ understanding-fabula-syuzhet-stories Henrietta Cook, C. (2020). The most in-demand university courses this year. The Age. Retrieved 2 October 2020, from https://www.theage.com.au/national/ victoria/the-most-in-demand-universitycourses-this-year-20190115-p50rjc.html.

Hutton, J. (2020). Harvard Design Magazine: Substance and Structure I: The Material Culture of Landscape Architecture. Retrieved 29 October 2020, from http://www.harvarddesignmagazine. org/issues/36/substance-and-structurei-the-material-culture-of-landscapearchitecture Invitation - Opening of Enterprise Hostel, Commonwealth Hostels Limited, 29 Oct 1970. (2020). Retrieved 21 October 2020, from https://collections.museumsvictoria. com.au/items/1546268 Learn Everything You Need to Know About Plant Nodes. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https://www.thespruce. com/what-is-a-node-2539765 Lobby, T. (2020). Identifying the Designer as Worker – The Architecture Lobby. Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https://architecture-lobby.org/essay/ identifying-the-designer-as-worker/ Millie Gibson Blooms Again - No 65 Autumn 2000 - La Trobe Journal. (2020). Retrieved 29 October 2020, from http:// www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/ latrobe-65/t1-g-t2.html Philosophy of Architecture > Philosophy and the Tradition of Architectural Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). (2020). Retrieved 29 October 2020, from https://stanford.library.sydney.edu.au/ entries/architecture/tradition.html Photograph - Aerial View of the Exhibition Building from the East, Melbourne, 1953-1956. (2020). Retrieved 21 October 2020, from https://collections. museumsvictoria.com.au/items/1701883 Wittgenstein: Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/wittepi/#:~:text=Wittgenstein%3A%20 Epistemology,belief%2C%20 doubt%2C%20and%20certainty.

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Bibliography Dissertation

Brew, P. (2015). now / I see it (Doctor of Philosophy). School of Architecture and Design College of Design and Social Context RMIT University. Carrasco, G. (2017). The Nomaditory (Master of Landscape Architecture). RMIT. James, A. (2013). Exploring a Looping Path A design art practice in landscape architecture (Doctor of Philosophy). School of Architecture and Design RMIT University. Ruth Broughton, J. (2012). Tectonic Sites: Structuring The Landscape With TextileDerived Construction Techniques (Master of Landscape Architecture). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Essay and Lecture Miller-Yeaman, R. (2017). Encoding and Transferring Transience in Housing Linking the Architectural Heritages of Migrant Hostels and Public Housing in Victoria in the 1960s. The University of Melbourne. Platzky, L., & Massey, D. (1995). Space, Place and Gender. Agenda, (26), 98. doi: 10.2307/4065933 Stamm, M. (2017). CPRS - Marcelo Stamm - Measures of Distance. Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https://vimeo. com/210722840 Weller, R. (2018). Inside Room4.1.3. Retrieved 12 June 2020, from https:// issuu.com/richardweller413/docs/room413

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Report

AILA 2017 Salary Survey Report. (2021). Retrieved 27 October 2020, from https:// www.aila.org.au/AILAWeb/Media_ Releases/2017_Salary_Survey_Report. aspx?WebsiteKey=44fe2fe0-5560-4283981a-c15fe691b1d1 Annual reports. Victoria University | Melbourne Australia. (2020). Retrieved 2 October 2020, from https://www.vu.edu. au/about-vu/news-events/publications/ annual-reports. Heritage Council of Australia. (2009). Victorian Heritage Database Report: Former Maribyrnong Migrant Hostel (pp. 1-9). Lovell Chen. (2015). Conservation Management Plan: Midway & Phillip Migrant Hostels (Former) 61-71 Hampstead Road, Maidstone, Victoria (pp. 1-200). Melbourne. Lovell Chen. (2017). Heritage Audit Management Plan: Former Midway & Phillip migrant hostels 61-71 Hampstead Road, Maidstone, Victoria (pp. 1-829). Matthewson, G. (2018). Census Report 2001–2016 Women in Australian Landscape Architecture. Retrieved 27 October 2020, from https://www.aila.org. au/documents/Census%20Report%20 -%20Women%20in%20Landscape%20 Architecture_Dec%202018.pdf Victoria University Student Attrition Report: Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendations. Vuir.vu.edu.au. (2020). Retrieved 2 October 2020, from http:// vuir.vu.edu.au/30500/.

Terra Fluxus

James Corner

021 Waldheim, Charles. Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rmit/detail.action?docID=3387326. Created from rmit on 2020-03-05 19:02:50.

Former Midway & Phillip migrant hostels Heritage Audit Management Plan 61-71 Hampstead Road, Maidstone, Victoria

Exploring a Looping Path

A design art practice in landscape architecture

Exploring a Looping Path A design art practice in landscape architecture

A Thesis Submitted in Fulﬁlment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Architecture and Design RMIT University August 2013

Anton James

Anton James PhD 2013 RMIT

October 2017 Prepared by

Prepared for

Vi cto ria Un i v er si ty

MIDWAY & PHILLIP MIGRANT HOSTELS (FORMER) 61-71 HAMPSTEAD ROAD, MAIDSTONE, VICTORIA

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN

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2020