Branch

B r anc h

Matt Caldar 3154441 Studio 4

Contents

Bรฌnh Thแบกnh

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Thu Thiem

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Gradient Gardens

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Framing

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Position

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Form

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Material

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Thermal Comfort

78

Form Analysis

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Precedents

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Readings

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Cities have a role to provide for its citizens services, amenities, and comfortable conditions wherever in the world they are. To achieve this goal however, they may take on very different forms.

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Case Study Sites

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Binh Thanh

Thu Thiem

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George Willmott 11

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1:1000

Bรฌnh Thแบกnh

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1:100 @ A3 15

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1:500 @ A3 17

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Will Muhleisen 19

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Yizhong Zhang 21

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Thu Thiem

1:500 @ A3 23

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Typological de conditions

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evelopment

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Gradient Gardens Exposed soil available for cultivation is rarely available in the laneways and streets of Ho Chi Minh city, therefore gardens exist primarily in flower pots in front of residents’ homes.

For beautification purposes, but also primarily used as a device to incorporate public space into semi-private. This practice reveals the gradient rather than distinct line between the private home and public street.

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Used in conjunction with other devices, this gradient of public and private is blurred further.

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Requiring little ground space, the vegetation canopies affect large areas and conditions.

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In comparison, local parks rarely draw residents out and stay empty in a dense city where space is a premium.

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Framing •

UN sustainable development goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

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By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.

By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

Sustainable Ho Chi Minh City: Climate Policies for Emerging Megacities by Antje Katzschner •

“Depending on the air movement and the air humidity the sweat will evaporate and cool the body. Therefore air movement has great influence on the comfort perception in tropical regions. Even if the air temperature and air humidity is high comfort can be improved, when the body is exposed to moderate air movement.”

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“Since the climate conditions in tropical regions are rather uniform with little variations in temperature, humidity and sunshine the course of the climate condition is predictable. In well designed free running buildings natural air draft is induced by external wind and internal buoyant forces. Air movement can also be effectively supported with little energy demand.”

Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies by Jillian Walliss, , and Heike Rahmann •

Parametric modelling can enable flexibility for a design to be easily and importantly, quickly adaptable to a vast array of different sites and conditions.

With a paperless construction process, seemingly complex and time-consuming fabrication processes are reduced to ‘under the hood’ computational methods.

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Exploring relationships between form, phenomena, and systems can produce performative, creative, and quite frankly, beautiful designs proven throughout the world.

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Developing Ho Chi Minh City typologies

New residential/sparsely trafficked

15m

20m

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2003

2005

2010

2015

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Developing urban/void

7m

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2005

2009

2013

2016

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Industrial/temporal occupation

400m

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12m

2005

2009

2013

2016

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Position The New Urban Agenda that came out of the Habitat III conference in October 2016 asked us “to consider cities as adaptive and evolving open systems” while they “urge decision-makers and designers to give cities back to people that inhabit them, and promote equality and socially interactive spaces” (“The New Urban Agenda: Key Commitments - United Nations Sustainable Development”) coupled with an understanding of Ho Chi Minh’s quantitative and qualitative conditions via reading, and experience of site I adopted these design conditions of creation: A form must respond to whatever built environment it is placed in, provide a benefit climatically with a focus on amplification of comfortable conditions (According to the Universal Thermal Climate Index and experiential indicators) of the site, serves the current and future public/private street life community, is shown to be a visual clue of these nodes of interaction, affects the ground plane but without taking up valuable space on the streets, and finally, requires minimal construction infrastructure.

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Riverside Lane investigation 23/3 Site 1.1 Ground Conditions Asphalt, repeatedly patched, cut for underground pipes.

Concrete mixed, patched, cracked.

Level, non-porous surface.

Potted plants make up for all of the green space, vegetation.

Sky Narrow lanes + medium density house = no horizon view, limited sky viewing.

Blue, partly cloudy, no view of smog or pollution.

Built Form 3.5m wide lanes.

Asphalt from building footprint to building footprint.

Most houses have 1-2 steps at front door.

The larger houses appear to have more steps.

Motorcycle ramps never seem to be built in, always added on by either a removable ramp, or concrete ramp poured over steps.

Chinese Daoist symbolism above door frames.

Small Daoist offering shelves with incense, incense holder and pear offerings.

Chicken’s feet hanging above one doorway.

Occupation Quiet, little through traffic of motorcycles and pedestrians.

Some residents sit on low plastic stools at front door.

Interaction Invited into house by Pham Thi Nguyet and family.

Made me coffee and discussed their past (from Na Trang), Binh Thanh, and the development of Thu Thiem.

Showed me their balcony garden and narrow lane view.

They feel the development is a good thing, but sometimes roads are noisy and dirty.

Rich people will live across the river.

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Site 1.2 - Late afternoon Ground Conditions Asphalt road.

Level, non-porous surface on the road with pooling water in gutter.

Potted plants make up for most of the green space, vegetation.

Vegetable patches constructed between the canal and kerb with locals tending to them regularly.

The canal and river edge is rimmed with trash.

Sky Open view of long distances across District 2.

Blue, partly cloudy, layer of smog hanging low in the sky.

Built Form 5-6m wide road.

Asphalt from building footprint to kerb.

No steps to front door.

Irregularly height of buildings.

Narrow, long buildings butted against low one storey buildings.

Mixed residential and small commercial home enterprises e.g. shoe soling business.

Occupation Quietly bustling with some through traffic of motorcycles and pedestrians.

School children walking home and some playing with a Jianzi on street.

Fishermen recline at canal edge.

Customers loiter at cafes on low plastic stools socialising.

A cart owner sets out stools and tables around vegetable patches, customers slowly filter in as the day wears on.

Interaction A local resident, Thach, approaches and asks questions.

6 School children stop by and watch me draw then leave to play on bicycles.

Thach comes back with two children and sits beside me as we talk.

The school children come back along with a smaller 5yo (?) child (I think it’s a school child’s sister).

They watch and point out the things I am drawing and should draw.

The smallest of the group pokes my beard.

They are all curious about my beard. They leave to continue playing with a Jianzi and on bicycles.

Thach comes back and talks with me some more. I feel we exhausted all of his English vocabulary and he reluctantly leaves, bidding me goodbye.

I continue drawing as local residents on evening walks say hello as they pass.

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Form An adaptive design of form that responds to it’s space while abiding by these laws: • • • •

Minimal infrastructure.

Affects the ground plane without obstruction.

Induces extended use of spaces.

An armature of uses for residents.

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A mesh cylinder is used as an origin material to manipulate.

Points on the mesh become the areas that the tension is applied to.

The edge slider determines the ‘suppleness’, or tension of the material.

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The kangaroo component handles the computational calculations.

Reconstructing the mesh under the new conditions, the tensioned form can now be applied to site.

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Multiple iterations are achieved and proven to be highly adaptable.

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1:10

1:10

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Material

Construction materials are restrained to the material of the form and the required parts to keep it suspended and tensioned.

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A hard wearing nylon polymer mixed dyneema polythylene thread is used in different parts of the form’s fabrication.

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Nylon is a relatively cheap, strong material able to stretch up to 30%.

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Dyneema is three times as strong as nylon, but more expensive, and unyeilding.

Nylon is used for the bulk of construction, allowing for an imperfect fabrication process, with dyneema edges at areas where static and strength are paramount.

1:10 73

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Thermal Comfort “Thermal comfort is a subjective measure of people’s psychological response to the heat balance of the human body within different environmental conditions.

The effects of the thermal environment on different people can vary greatly and this makes assessing the thermal comfort of many users a complex issue.” (Walls, Parker, Walliss, Wendy, Nicki Jillian).

I have chosen to use the Universal Thermal Climate Index to better understand the comfort conditions within Ho Chi Minh city currently and historically. The index is designed for outdoor settings and provides a indication of physiological thermal stress.

Ho Chi Minh city, 2016.

UTCI comfort range 3D graph.

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The item component separates the data into lists of temperature, humidty, etc.

This unpacks the .csv file of climate data that was generously provided by meteoblue.com

All the panels helped keep track of the quality of data coming out of each component.

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The UTCI component, analyzes the incoming lists.

Visualisation components.

A variety out UTCI comfort analysis outputs. To visualise the large amounts of data over 30 years I chose to output the UTCI as a binary condition of comfortable/not comfortable.

The UTCI definition. Created under guidance from Daniel Prohasky 79

2016 UTCI comfort with wind flow.

2016 UTCI comfort without wind flow.

January

Comfortable Uncomfortable

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February

March

April

May

The visualisation reveals consistent thermal stress during the middle of the day throughout the 30 year data sample.

Raw data generously supplied by meteoblue.com

June

Wind flow dramatically increases the conditions of comfortability in Ho Chi Minh city throughout the year.

July

August

September

October

November

December

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Form Analysis Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Flow Design, the forms created were tested for signs of inducing more comfortable conditions with increased wind flow into laneways and streets.

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The testing revealed that even when the opening of the form is not facing the windward direction wind will still travel through it. There is an additional aspect of when the angled to leeward the wind stops channeling down it, and starts to flow out of it, continuing to induce air flow on street level, but in an alternate direction.

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Zion National Park Visitors Centre, U.S.A. National Parks Service

Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center, New Caledonia, Renzo Piano

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Precedents These projects and designs have helped reveal processes, inspire, and inform my path throughout the studio.

De-territorialized soils At the Milan Furniture Fair in 2009, Rahm showed a double-flow air exchanger that was a precursor to the climatic devices us in the Jade Eco Park.

Antycyclone Phase Shift Park, 臺中臺灣 The construction of the Anticyclone, which blows out naturally cooled air. The design underwent rigorous testing and simulati Mosbach, Philippe Rahm forCatherine climatic conditions to quantify the speed of the air. The device is is being built after an intensive testing process.

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Yazd City, Iran

4/13/2017

Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center, New Caledonia, Renzo Piano

In Arabian Desert, a Sustainable City Rises ­ The New York Times

Zion National Park visitors Cen

Yazd City, Iran

Masdar City, U.A.E. NigelNigel Young/Foster + Masdar City, U.A.E. Young/Foster + Partners

Š 2017 The New York Times Company

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Partners

Wendy - MoMA, Wendy PS1, NY MoMA, U.S.A

HWKN

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Readings Amorim, Jorge Humberto et al. “Pedestrian Exposure To Air Pollution In Cities: Modeling The Effect Of Roadside Trees”. Advances In Meteorology, vol 2013, 2013, pp. 1-7. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, doi:10.1155/2013/964904.

Doan, Quang-Van et al. “Impact Of Future Urbanization On Temperature And Thermal Comfort Index In A Developing Tropical City: Ho Chi Minh City”. Urban Climate, vol 17, 2016, pp. 20-31. Elsevier BV, doi:10.1016/j. uclim.2016.04.003.

Dr. Hồ Bá Thâm, HCMC Institute of Development Studies, Vietnam. Urbanization For Ho Chi Minh City In The Future: Forecasting Cultural And Social Challenges And Opportunities. Ho Chi Minh City, 2009,.

Havik, Tielens, Klaske, Gus. “Atmosphere, Compassion And Embodied Experience”. Oasejournal.Nl, 2017, http://www.oasejournal.nl/en/Issues/91/AtmosphereCompassionAndEmbodiedExperience#033.

Katzschner, Antje et al. Sustainable Ho Chi Minh City: Climate Policies For Emerging Mega Cities. 1st ed.,.

Krautheim, Mareike. City And Wind: Climate as an Architectural Tool. 1st ed., Berlin, DOM, 2014,.

Loidl, Hans, and Stefan Bernard. Opening Spaces. 1st ed.,.

Menges, Achim. “Achimmenges.Net | Professor Achim Menges”. Achimmenges.Net, 2017, http://www.achimmenges.net/.

Meyer, Elizabeth K. “Sustaining Beauty. The Performance Of Appearance”. Journal Of Landscape Architecture, vol 3, no. 1, 2008, pp. 6-23.

Informa UK Limited, doi:10.1080/18626033.2008.9723392.

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and UNEP. VIET NAM NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT (EPA) REPORT. Ho Chi Minh, 2014,.

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Nass, Oliver. “UTCI - Universal Thermal Climate Index”. Utci.Org, 2017, http://www.utci.org/.

“The New Urban Agenda: Key Commitments - United Nations Sustainable Development”. United Nations Sustainable Development, 2017, http:// www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/10/newurbanagenda/.

“Thu Thiem New Urban Area – Sasaki”. Sasaki.Com, 2017, http://www. sasaki.com/project/139/thu-thiem-new-urban-area/.

Walliss, Jillian, and Heike Rahmann. Landscape Architecture And Digital Technologies. 1st ed.,.

Walls, Parker, Walliss, Wendy, Nicki Jillian. “Designing With Thermal Comfort Indices In Outdoor Sites”. Living And Learning: Research For A Better Built Environment: 49Th International Conference Of The Architectural Science Association 2015,, 2015,.

“Weather Ho Chi Minh City”. Meteoblue, 2017, https://www.meteoblue. com/en/weather/forecast/week/ho-chi-minh-city_vietnam_1566083.

Wolman, Abel. “The Metabolism Of Cities”. Scientific American, vol 213, no. 3, 1965, pp. 178-190. Springer Nature, doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0965-178.

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Streetli cle City 98

ife City Motorc 99