Thule-instituutin vuosikertomus 2010 by Matti Luonua

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2010

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Contents

DIRECTOR’S PREFACE

RESEARCH

Global Change in the North

Northern Land Use and Land Cover

Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing

Human-Environment Relations in the North

Environmental and Resource Economics

Centre of Expertise in the Water Industry

Cluster – CEWIC EDUCATION

Doctoral education

International co-operation in education

RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES

Centre for Arctic Medicine

NorNet

NorTech Oulu

Oulanka Research Station

Northern LTSER platform

IODP National Programme Office

Coordination of the Thematic Networks

(University of the Arctic) Northern Research and Innovation Platform

Thule Institute’s staff as representatives in

scientific organisations PUBLICATIONS in 2010

Director’s preface

The year 2010 was a time for raising the profile of the Thule Institute as a multidisciplinary research centre at the University of Oulu. The Thule Institute has been focusing on research activities even more than before. This is being done to promote the University of Oulu strategy of fostering high-level research and innovation activities.The strength of the Thule Institute is especially in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and research training as well as long-term collaboration with state research institutes. In 2010, the Thule Institute successfully continued long-term research on environmental and northern issues and natural resources, which will continue to be the focus areas of the Institute. Research has been concentrated on three research programmes, which already are in their fifth year of activities, and the research projects closely connected to the programmes. The projects have achieved notable progress in getting articles published in high level scientific journals. As a part of the University’s PhD’s Investigator Startup Packages for post-doctoral researchers, the Thule Institute opened a call for three new research fellow positions in the fields of multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research in environmental sciences, river basin research and sustainable resource management. All these positions will forward the strategic goals of the University by promoting international multidisciplinary research co-operation, enhancing research training and collaboration with the state research institutes. With these new positions, over the course of the next five years, we will be able to start up new high-level research groups.These groups will co-operate with the Thule Institute’s research programmes as well. Research infrastructures, especially at the Oulanka Research Station, were also developed during the year. One of the highlights of our infrastructure development was the decision of EU FP7 to fund the fouryear INTERACT (International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic) project. The Thule Institute will be coordinating research visits for

this project. The project will start in 2011 and develop the research co-operation of the northern research stations throughout the circumpolar area. 2010 was a dynamic year in promoting the University’s collaboration with the state research institutes. Four research institutes (Finnish Environment Institute, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute and The Finnish Forest Research Institute), made the decision to move their local units to the same premises as the Thule Institute, the Linnanmaa campus.This will happen in 2011, and this new research community will truly have promising possibilities to create new research consortiums and innovations in the future and find synergy at the Institute. Collaboration with the state research institutes was developed also by a new joint professorship with MTT Agrifood Research Finland, the Department of Geography and the Thule Institute as well as with a new five-year joint professorship in Forest economy with the University of Oulu, Forest Research Institute and Metsähallitus. All these activities support university strategy and are also connected to the strategy planning which has been done at the state research institutes. Active development was achieved in the field of education co-operation.The national doctoral programme VALUE (Doctoral Programme in Integrated Catchment and Water Resources Management) started its activities at the beginning of 2010. This doctoral programme is funded by the Academy of Finland and the Ministry of Education and Culture, and is co-ordinated by the University of Oulu and the Thule Institute. The Institute’s own research training has been developed, and collaboration between the international Master’s Programmes and the doctoral training at the University of Oulu has actively been promoted.

Kari Laine Director of Thule Institute

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Thule Institute organization

EXECUTIVE BOARD

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD

DIRECTOR

ADMINISTRATION

CENTRE FOR ARCTIC MEDICINE

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

NORTHERN GLOBAL CHANGE LAND USE AND IN THE NORTH LAND COVER

CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH AND WELLBEING

NORNET NORTHERN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH NETWORK

NORTECH OULU PROJECT UNIT

M U LT I D I S C I P L I N A R Y E D U C A T I O N

RESEARCH PROGRAMMES AND EDUCATION

OULANKA RESEARCH STATION

Thule Institute The Thule Institute is a research centre of the University of Oulu which focuses on the realization, development and co-ordination of multidisciplinary research and doctoral education in the field of environmental and northern issues and natural resources. Activities of the Thule Institute consist of open and efficient cooperation between different disciplines and operators within the University and outside of it. Organisation Thule Institute (which includes four operational units): Centre for Arctic Medicine NorNet NorTech Oulu Oulanka Research Station

Staff Staff at the Thule Institute: 47 Staff working on research projects supported by the Thule Institute: approx. 200 Doctoral students in ThuleEdu PhD programme: approx. 120 Vision The Thule Institute is an internationally known research centre which produces multidisciplinary co-operation that constitutes an integral part of the University of Oulu’s profile. In its operation, research is closely linked with doctoral education, focusing on solving problems that have great significance for science and society.The Thule Institute is a multidisciplinary, international, futureoriented expert on environmental and northern issues and natural resources.

Multidisciplinary research in three research programmes, one development programme and research projects on specific themes • Global Change in the North • Northern Land Use and Land Cover • Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing • Environmental Technology Development Programme • Human – Environment Relations in the North • Environmental and Resource Economics • Environmental Technology and Water Industry –related Research and Development

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Research

Research The research area covering environmental and northern issues and natural resources at the University of Oulu has a wide perspective on climate and environmental change; in addition, it investigates the related societal and economic shifts to better understand human– environment relationships. This vast spatial and thematic perspective calls for multi- and interdisciplinary approaches. The required multi- and interdisciplinary research is achieved via three research programmes co-ordinated by the Thule Institute, and via those research and development projects closely connected to the research area of environmental and northern issues and natural resources, which are realized at the Thule Institute. The Thule Institute’s three research programmes for the programme period 2006–2011 are: Global Change in the North, Northern Land Use and Land Cover and Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing.These programmes bring together a total of 20 basic research projects, or consortiums, and about 200 researchers, PhD students and graduate students.The Institute’s projects also collaborate actively within and between these three programmes. After the mid-term evaluation of the research projects (realized in 2008), special attention has been paid to the quality of the Institute’s scientific publishing activities in high-level journals as well as to searching for

ACTIVITIES (as number s) in 2010 in the Thule Institute Doctoral students

120

Doctoral theses in research programmes and PhD programme

Refereed articles in scientific journals

116

Other articles, books and proceedings

Presentations at international scientific conferences 136 Arranged conferences

External funding (euro)

3 800 000

new external funding sources. Remarkable progress has been achieved in scientific publishing activities. The Environmental Technology Development Programme (ETEP) promotes environmental technology research at the University of Oulu and enhances collaboration between the University and outside businesses in the field. The main themes of the programme are: energy, air, water, and resource efficiency. The ETEP website has been serving as a forum for environmental technology research carried out at the University of Oulu and its collaboration partners in industry, academia and administration. The Centre of Expertise in the Water Industry Cluster, CEWIC, has been working on several new water-related research and development projects in co-operation with public sector actors and private companies. In the field of environmental and resource economics research at the Thule Institute, the main focus has been on economy-wide material flow analysis and integrated economy–environment modelling. The research programme entitled Human–Environment Relations in the North continued, with four PhD students working at the Thule Institute.This FiDiPro (Finland Dis-

Number of scientific articles published in the Thule Institutes research programmes in years 2006– 2010.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Themes of air protection, traffic and communication were discussed in the Future Forum on 20 th April at the University of Oulu, Finland Nearly 200 people gathered together to discuss air protection, traffic and communication at the Future Forum, which was arranged together with the Office of the Prime Minister of Finland, Thule Institute and the Council of Oulu Region on 20th April, 2010 at the Saalastinsali Hall, the University of Oulu. In the Forum, politicians, societal decision-makers, researchers, students and civic organization activists discussed possibilities to develop e.g. sustainable traffic solutions in order to prevent the effects of climate change and outlined new kinds of sustainable traffic networks in Finland and globally as well.

tinguished Professor) programme at the Thule Institute is led by Professor Mark Nuttall from the University of Alberta, Canada.The postdoctoral research project Negotiating River Ecosystems - Socio-Cultural Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Northern River Basins (Academy of Finland) continued, with the focus on decision analysis and impact assessment methods. A major project within the framework of the Negotiating River Ecosystems research project, Migratory fish return in the Iijoki River (European Regional Development Fund), ended at the end of 2010. In the Iijoki case, an integrated and interdisciplinary assessment method for the evaluation of restoration options was developed. The research infrastructure at the Oulanka Research Station has been actively developed. The Station has been working on several research networks and joint research and development projects as well as on providing facilities for international research visits. Also, a two-year project (Northern Research and Innovation

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Platform) co-ordinated by the Thule Institute in the field of research infrastructure development was successfully continued. This European Structural Fund programme project is funded by the County Administrative Board of Oulu and the City of Oulu. Main events in 2010 • From Watershed processes to policy-making.VALUE Opening seminar 17th – 18th February. Espoo, Finland. • The Nature of Ferocity: Animals and People in the Nordic and Eurasian North. FiDiPro Seminar on Human-Environment Relations in the North. 17th – 18th March. Oulu, Finland. • Future Forum on themes of air protection, traffic and communication. Arranged together with the Office of the Prime Minister of Finland, Thule Institute and the Council of Oulu Region. 20th April. Oulu, Finland. • Summer Institute of Circumpolar Health. 17th – 21st May. Copenhagen, Denmark. • Canada’s and Europe’s Northern Dimensions Seminar. Biennial International Seminar Series. 27th – 28th May. Edmonton, Canada. • SkyPro Conference. Clean air research at the University of Oulu. 3rd June. Oulu, Finland. • ArcRisk research project conference. 5th June. Tromsø, Norway. • The 7th International Kastelli Symposium. 18th – 19th November. Oulu, Finland.

Global Change in the North

Programme Director, Research Professor Kari Strand

Projects

The term Global Change refers to changes and processes that take place in the Earth’s systems as well as in its societies. Circumpolar regions are in a key position concerning global change research, as these sensitive environments provide the necessary indicators for detecting these changes.The environments are also an important driving force for global change by their atmospheric connection. The research programme, with its five projects and one research consortium, investigates not only naturally driven processes and the forcing factors of global change, but also the societal understanding of environmental change as well as the technological solutions for mitigating global change. Fully understanding the forcing factors of climate change is a challenge for the research community. The assessment of past climate changes and their causes and, presently, also the development of new technologies and policies to mitigate climate changes are issues of great importance.The use of industrial ecology tools for waste minimization and the optimisation of resource-use is an essential part of this mitigation.

Research Consortium “Long-term change in the Sun and its effects on the Earth’s climate and atmosphere” Project leaders Kalevi Mursula and Esa Turunen and Thomas Ulich The continuously varying solar activity changes the dynamics and structure of near-Earth space on short and long time scales.This change has a great effect upon the Earth’s climate and atmosphere as well. When studying these changes and effects, the consortium uses, e.g., satellite measurements of the Sun and solar wind, groundbased measurements of geomagnetic activity and cosmic rays, and various physical models of atmospheric ionization by cosmic rays, of atmospheric chemistry and of the atmospheric response in various model atmospheres.Two subprojects are 1) Long-term changes in climate variability and natural climate forcing (Kalevi Mursula) and 2) Solar UV Radiation in a greenhouse atmosphere (Esa Turunen and Thomas Ulich).

In 2010, 18 doctoral students were working on the projects of this programme, two PhD theses were approved, a total of 23 refereed articles were published in international scientific journals and 57 international conference presentations were given. Research and education are interconnected at the Thule Institute’s graduate school platform ThuleEdu.The research programme also co-operated with the ARKTIS graduate school, the Finnish Graduate School of Geosciences, the Graduate School for Population Genetics, the Finnish Graduate School in Environmental Science and Technology and the Graduate School in Chemical Engineering.

Past climate extremes in the North Project leaders John Moore, Juha Pekka Lunkka and Kari Strand In this project the focus is on relatively fast and significant climatic and environmental transitions and events that have occurred in the northern European Arctic and Sub-Arctic areas over the last 15 million years in the Earth’s climate history.The project will establish the important boundary conditions that constrain our understanding of high latitude areas and their role in global climate change.This is highly relevant for predictions of our future climate. Three subprojects are 1) Evolution and fate of the cryosphere – Nordaustlandet, Svalbard (John Moore), 2) Onset and decay of the last cold stage in NW Russia (Juha Pekka Lunkka), and 3) Mid-Pliocene global warmth in the Arctic Ocean (Kari Strand).

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Global change and the evolution and migration of Scots pine Project leaders Sheila Hicks and Outi Savolainen This project combines genetic and palaeoecological research in an innovative manner to investigate the evolution and migration of Scots pine. Scots pine, which is at the northern limit of its geographical range in Finland, has had to adapt in many varied conditions in climate and environment. The project investigates the present situation of Scots pine in terms of its climate dependence, pollen production and dispersal, and genetic variation. The project looks at Scots pineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s past migration routes and evolutionary history and predicts the adaptive capability of Scots pine populations under a changing climate and the effect of climate change on pollen production. Seasonality and frost hardiness of northern plants under global change and environmental stress Project leader Kari Taulavuori The effects of multiple stresses on northern plants under global change and a changing environment are studied in this project. The special focus is on plant seasonality and frost hardiness, as they exhibit a process in plant survival in the North.The main stresses that are studied involve climate warming and the consequent extremes in temperature changes, periodic droughts, enhanced UV radiation and metal stress. The research produces results at the ecological and environmental assessment level, and increases eco-physiological understanding of their underlying mechanisms. Contested environmental strategies in SĂĄpmi and Nenetsia Project leader Veli-Pekka Lehtola The aim of the project is to study indigenous perceptions, interpretations and strategies concerning the relations between environment, landscape and culture.The areas included in the study are SĂĄpmi in Fennoscandia and Nenetsia in Northern Russia. Through a multidisciplinary orientation, the researchers examine these themes from anthropological, geographical and environmental perspectives. They analyse both the mental

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and spatial landscapes using different methodologies to understand the relations between the environment and identities as well as public discourse and debates as reflections of mental processes. Toward an eco-efficient use of resources in the chemical industry: Separation technologies for waste minimization Project leader Riitta Keiski The main objective of this research project is to promote eco-efficient use of resources through the application of membrane technologies for on-site recovery of hazardous components, from chemical effluents. For this purpose, pervaporation and micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration are applied for the recovery of organic solvents and removal of heavy metals. The goal is to move chemical waste management practices higher on the waste management hierarchy: from effluent treatment, to recovery of useful elements and, ultimately, waste prevention.

NORTHERN LAND USE AND LAND COVER

Programme Director, Research Professor Kari Strand

Projects

Understanding and quantifying natural and human activities in a landscape requires thorough theoretical and methodological knowledge of different disciplines.This programme conducts scientific research on ecological and socio-economic criteria for the management of northern biotopes and on eco-efficiency in the utilization of northern natural resources. The programme draws together expertise from the natural and social sciences and from technology in order to explore the dynamics and consequences of land use in natural and human-dominated landscapes. The projects integrate several disciplines, such as physical and cultural geography and architecture, ecology and hydrology, as well as geoinformatics. The general aim of the programme is to promote sustainable community development as well as to make improvements in environmental impact assessment in the northern areas. The programme is implemented in wide-based co-operation and has been integrated into a part of the operation of the national environmental research institutions through NorNet (Northern Environmental Network).

Stream restoration: enhancing salmonid fisheries, lotic biodiversity, or both? Project leader Timo Muotka This project involves a study on whether restorations aimed at the enhancement of fisheries could also serve purposes connected to biodiversity, or whether these two goals are incompatible. Plenty of resources have been allocated to stream restoration in Finland; however, scientific research on the ecological impact of restoration has lagged fallen behind.This project is maintained as the responses of fish populations to restoration have not yet been studied properly, and the monitoring of other non-target biota has been negligible.

In 2010, 32 doctoral students were working in the projects of this programme, and three PhD theses were approved. In total, 26 refereed articles were published in international scientific journals, and 40 presentations were given in international scientific conferences.VALUE - Doctoral Program in Integrated Catchment and Water Resources Management, which interacts with and is closely connected to the programme, started its activities this year as well.

Sedimentation and flow studies in small headwater forest streams Project leader BjĂśrn KlĂśve Erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation are processes which cause many environmental problems related to forested drainage areas. Headwater streams are filled with sand, which reduces stream diversity and spawning sites. Fine organic material is eroded in excess, and this affects stream sediment composition. Despite some restoration efforts, little is known about sediment transport in streams. This project studies the hydraulics of small streams and the movement of suspended solids. The overall goal is to obtain enough knowledge so that the benefits of different structures and water protection methods can be assessed. Status and viability of bird and mammal populations in managed forests Project leader Markku Orell The erosion of the northern coniferous forests through anthropogenic effects poses a threat to a number of species adapted to living in mature forest habitats. An understanding of factors affecting population fluctuations is important to the study of these speciesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ecology, management and, nowadays especially, for estimating population viability. Reliable population projections require correct estimates of population growth and den-

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sity dependence and realistic modelling of stochastic components. This research is based on a unique combination of precise long-term time series as well as individual-based demographic analyses. The ecological and socioeconomic responses of global change on reindeer pastures Project leaders Satu Huttunen and Minna Turunen This research produces new information about both the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of global change on the prerequisites for reindeer herding in the sub-arctic area.The responses of reindeer summer and winter pasture plants to increasing UV radiation are used as indicators of climate change.The effects of increasing UV radiation on their chemical composition are studied by using both UV-B exclusion and UV-B enhancement field experiments and also a wide range of laboratory techniques.The socioeconomic assessment part of this research studies the environmental and socioeconomic factors which make reindeer herding vulnerable, and how reindeer herding can cope with these changes.

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Research consortium “Northern communities” Project leaders Toivo Muilu, Jarkko Saarinen and HelkaLiisa Hentilä The research consor tium analyse the changes and problems of northern communities from both local and global perspectives. The understanding of changes in northern communities requires a holistic approach which covers research areas such urban design and planning, applied geography and planning, and sociology.The three subprojects are 1) Dynamics of Change in Northern Communities (Toivo Muilu), 2) Global Change and Transforming Land-Use Activities in the North: The Socio-Economic Effects of Global Change in Northern Finland (Jarkko Saarinen), and 3) Management of Growth and Decline and the Quality of the Living Environment: The Case of Mining Communities in Northern Finland (Helka-Liisa Hentilä).

circumpolar health and wellbeing

Programme Director, Research Professor Arja Rautio

Projects

The framework for the Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing research programme comprises the wellbeing, health, health care, health risks and adaptation of people living in the northern environment.The different aspects of life and living in the North are covered in this programme, in which people are considered as physical, cultural and social actors in the northern environment and society. The aim of this programme is to focus on research in a multidisciplinary manner and to make the results available for use in practical implementation.The research programme draws together expertise from different fields. The areas of study are environmental health and adaptation; population health, health care and treatment; societal and individual wellbeing; and cultural aspects of wellbeing and health. The research programme is co-ordinated by the Centre for Arctic Medicine at the Thule Institute.

Prevention of marginalisation in Northern Finland Project leaders Anja Taanila, Juha Veijola and Irma Moilanen The aim of this project is to study both mental and material risk factors for marginalisation. Risk factors stem from as early as childhood and the main causes for marginalisation are developmental and mental disturbances. The research is based mainly on the data of two birth cohorts (Northern Finland Birth Cohorts in 1966 and 1986) and it is conducted in three subprojects: 1) Gene-environment interaction on the mental health of children and adolescents (Irma Moilanen), 2) Social exclusion and wellbeing resources in Northern Finland: Epidemiological studies among two birth cohorts in 1966 and 1986 (Anja Taanila), 3) Risk for psychosis in the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (Juha Veijola).

In 2010, there were 41 PhD students working in the programme’s projects, and three PhD theses were approved. The researchers published 42 refereed articles in scientific journals and gave 27 presentations in international scientific conferences. The research programme has also collaborated with the Finnish Graduate School in Toxicology.

Environmental health – from exposure to biomarkers Project leaders Arja Rautio and Kirsi Vähäkangas The aim of this project is to connect social parameters to those of physical health. Biological, biochemical and molecular markers are needed in order to find a pattern of measurable parameters for environmental health. The project concentrates on the selection of potentially useful molecular biomarkers by using human placental perfusion and cell culture models as test methods for estimating fetal exposure to environmental chemicals, and by using animal models to study the effects of environmental chemicals on the development of teeth and bones. This work is closely connected to the aims of AMAP (Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program, a programme of the Arctic Council) and is a part of the ArcRisk EU project.

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Energy metabolism and thermal biology of endothermic animals in the North: Genotypic adaptations and phenotypic flexibility Project leader Esa Hohtola The project aims at elucidating the various genetic and phenotypic adaptations of thermal biology and energy management that help endothermic vertebrates (birds and mammals) to survive in the North. Research is done by using wild, domesticated and classical laboratory species of birds and mammals as model animals for studying aspects of energetics, thermoregulation, seasonal and daily rhythms, and fat accumulation. The project also has implications on the research of human obesity and type 2 diabetes. Revitalization processes for Northern minority languages and cultures Project leaders Helena Sulkala and Lisa Lena OpasHänninen The project studies the impact of the northern minority languages on the identity and wellbeing of the societies in which they are spoken. The researchers also build tools for the construction, maintenance and analysis of linguistic and cultural data. The project is conducted in two subprojects: 1) Northern societies and minority languages (Helena Sulkala), and 2) The Linguistic and Cultural Heritage Electronic Network –LICHEN (Lisa Lena Opas-Hänninen). Place and environment in the stories of Northern people – On the borderline between global and local Project leader Leena Syrjälä This multidisciplinary research project aims at giving a voice to Northern people and understanding their lives within globalisation and localisation.The study examines how people feel and make sense of the changing social and physical environment, what their future expectations are, and how they describe their identities. A narrative-biographical approach offers a wide repertoire of methodological tools for listening to different peoples’ voices as they talk about places, past, present and future.

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Seamless services by eHealth Project leaders Timo Jämsä and Ilkka Winblad The aim of this project is to evaluate the influence of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in health care as an entity and to investigate whether these applications are able to increase the health and wellbeing of a population. ICT is seen as a new way to meet the challenges facing health care, especially in northern and rural areas.The research on the applications of ICT has mainly represented a small part of the care chain. That is, why it is important to evaluate the influence of ICT in health care as an entity, or in other words, from the perspective of the healthcare chain.

Human-Environment Relations in the North – resource development, climate change and resilience

Programme Director, Professor Mark Nuttall The “Human–Environment Relations in the Nor th” programme began in August 2007 at the Thule Institute when Professor Mark Nuttall from the Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta (where he holds the Henry Marshall Tory Chair) began work under the auspices of the Finland Distinguished Professor (FiDiPro) programme funded by the Academy of Finland. The programme is concerned with developing innovative perspectives on human-environment relations in the Circumpolar North, especially within a context of contemporary environmental changes which affect resource-use and development at multiple levels. The project objectives are to increase critical, scholarly and policy-relevant knowledge concerning environmental change, resource-use, large-scale industrial development, and the human dimensions of global environmental and sustainability themes. Issue-driven research explores several interrelated themes of pressing contemporary concern in the North: climate change impact, human–animal relations, contested perspectives on land use, conservation and development, the sustainable use of both renewable and non-renewable resources, and community resilience. By examining the processes driving social, cultural, economic and environmental changes in the North, and assessing their impacts, the research aims to develop new ways of integrating different kinds of knowledge – both scientific and indigenous/local. During 2010, two PhD researchers were funded directly by the programme: sociologist Hannah Strauss with her work on “Negotiating Northern Energy Systems” and geographer Kaarina Tervo on “Tourism, Climate Change and Adaptation”. Both researchers also visited and worked at the University of Alberta Canadian Circumpolar Institute during the autumn and winter 2009–2010. In addition, three affiliated PhD researchers took part in the programme by external funding: Cultural anthropologist Simo Sarkki worked on “Unpacking promises of environmental governance: Insights from multi-stakeholder

engagements in forests of northern Finland” and Outi Moilanen on wolf management and conservation issues in Finland, while sociologist Outi Autti continued her PhD research “Change and resilience – Social impacts of hydro-electric projects and river restoration” in a collaboration with post-doctoral researcher Timo P. Karjalainen. Senior researcher Hannu I. Heikkinen was funded partially from the program, and he also co-operated with the Finnish Environmental Institute and carried out research on tourism, climate change and local vulnerability assessment topics. Mark Nuttall focused on climate change and energy issues in Canada, Greenland and the Barents region, and continued to develop research with Dr Heikkinen on the political ecology of human–animal relations. In addition to previous research, a central work mode of the FiDiPro programme is to arrange international conferences, seminars and workshops on topics related to the priorities of the programme. The second seminar ”The Nature of Ferocity: Animals and People in the Nordic and Eurasian North”, explored human–animal relations and was held on 17th – 18th March, 2010 at the University of Oulu. The seminar brought together recognized researchers in the field of anthropology to lecture on their recent studies. Researchers represented case studies from the Nordic and Eurasian north, from Greenland, Iceland, Fennoscandia, Russia, and Japan which shed light on the varying contexts of the human–animals relations – from topical confrontations between human interests and predators, and the resulting conflicts related to both conservation and traditional resource use, to the various kinds of other symbolic, traditional and modern settings between human societies and animals. The seminar contributed to discussion about the problematic, cultural politics, political ecology, and policy-dilemmas of human–animal relations. About 40 researchers and students attended the seminar. In addition to this seminar, the FiDiPro group also participated in the second seminar in the biennial “Canada’s and Europe’s Northern Dimensions” series, which was held in Edmonton, Canada on 27th – 28th May, 2010.The

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Human – animal relations were explored in a two-day seminar ‘The Nature of Ferocity: Animals and People in the Nordic and Eurasian North’, which was held on 17 th – 18 th March, 2010 at the University of Oulu, Finland

series is a joint initiative of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute at the University of Alberta and the Thule Institute. The theme of the seminar was “Geopolitical and legal aspects of Canada’s and Europe’s Northern Dimensions”. It provided an opportunity for Canadian and Nordic policy-makers and researchers to present their research findings, discuss trends in policy, share their experiences, and offer their perspectives on the future challenges facing the northern regions of Europe and Canada. In addition to these activities, the “Human-environment relations colloquium” series was organised throughout 2010 in the Thule Institute. The colloquium provides an informal scientific discussion forum and networking platform for researchers interested in programmerelated research themes, methodologies, theories and case studies.

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environmental and resource economics

Research professor Ilmo Mäenpää Economy-wide material flow analysis (MFA) and integrated economy–environment modelling (EE-IO) are the main focus of the environmental and resource economics research at the Thule Institute. In 2010 a regional-level study “Material balance of Etelä-Savo” was completed. The national ENVIMAT model linking environmental impacts and natural resource use with the monetary and physical product flows of the economy was completed 2009 by the collaboration of the Thule Institute and the Finnish Environment Institute. In 2010 several applied studies using the ENVIMAT model were conducted, for example, “The use of ENVIMAT in identifying needs for waste recovery and environmental innovations” and “Carbon footprint of one euro in household consumption”. Additionally, in 2010 the three-year project “The options of the Finnish climate policy to the year 2020 and 2050 – the scenarios of the Finnish economy and resource use” was started, funded by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Finance. In this project the ENVIMAT model will be developed into a long-run environmentally integrated simulation model of the Finnish economy.The project is led by Ilmo Mäenpää; other partners on the project are the Finnish Environment Institute and the Geological Survey of Finland.

ENVIMATscen In the ENVIMAT project, completed in 2009, a detailed environmentally extended input-output model of the Finnish Economy in the year 2005 was compiled. As the next phase, the ENVIMAT has been developed to an economy – energy - environment long-run simulation model (ENVIMATscen) with which both broad alternative development scenarios of the Finnish economy can be studied as well as assessment of the environmental and economic effects of individual policy measures. Currently the main focus in the model development work is the climate policy questions including the options of renewable energy resources. Sequel material efficiency and sustainable resource management will be brought into front as well. Besides environmental factors, the ENVIMATscen model also includes social factors such as employment, household disposable income, effects of environmental taxes on public finances and provision of public services to households. Although GDP is one important indicator of economic performance, more subtle indicators for assessing human wellbeing will be elaborated, too.

The project “Development of research and education of environmental economics at the University of Oulu”, funded by the European Social Fund, was in its second year in 2010. A series of nine seminars was arranged on various topics related to environmental economics mainly for peoples at research organizations, industrial enterprises and in the public sector.

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Centre of Expertise in the Water Industry Cluster – Cewic

Professor Simo Pehkonen Cewic is an international centre for research in the water industry which acts as a network for all Finnish actors in the field. Cewic aims at bringing the fragmented Finnish water sector together and elevating the industry to a higher level by combining academic, industrial and government research and development expertise into an internationally acknowledged force in the water industry. Cewic’s personnel had a fruitful and busy year working on various publicly and privately funded research and development projects.These include AqualSi, Polaris and Moniminewater from the public domain and several private projects, some of which are confidential in nature. However, the spectrum of the companies involved with Cewic is rather diverse. One of the centre’s interesting activities involves the recently started pilot project at the Taskila wastewater treatment plant in collaboration with Oulun Vesi. In the pilot project high-tech, monitoring, dosing and analysis systems target various waste-

Simo Pehkonen of Cewic with Jaakko Helenius and Jan Lönnblad of PACS Oy at the Taskila pilot site.

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A fully automated pilot facility control room with access to and control of all critical parameters operable next to the pilot facility as well as from Pasila, Finland, where the company headquarters are located.

water problem contaminants and nuisances will be addressed.This project is funded by TEKES and the Pasilabased SME has a strong backing by the John Nurminen Oy, a well-known entity in Finland whose foundation has worked tirelessly for the benefit of Baltic Sea for years. Below are two photos of the Taskila pilot facility, which uses authentic wastewater at the plant to study and optimize their ground-breaking technology. The facility will also showcase the technology to potential customers and collaborators around the world.The future of Cewic after the three-year European Union funded start-up phase is currently being formulated, and in general with so much activity in the Oulu region, the future looks very bright.

Education

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Education Instructional coordinator, Dr Riitta Kamula Risk assessment methods – what risks does their use involve? “To be able to select appropriate risk assessment methods for contaminated sites, you need to have sufficient knowledge of their suitability”, advises Dr Jaana Sorvari, based on her doctoral thesis. She carried out her thesis research while working as a Senior Research Scientist at the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE). The thesis employed a range of risk assessment methods in determining risks and risk management needs, and multi-criteria analysis in comparing risk management alternatives for contaminated sites typical to Finland. Dr Sorvari showed that various models and calculation tools developed outside Finland should be used only after careful consideration. Most of the models contain assessment components that are unsuitable for Finnish conditions or the assessment of certain contaminants. In e.g. health risk assessments, a common practice is to use software that requires extensive input data. Dr Sorvari concluded that this is not always necessary, since even relatively simple calculations often produce information on risks sufficient for decision-making. According to Dr Sorvari, a calculation tool based on multi-criteria analysis and modified to Finnish conditions is useful in identifying the most feasible risk management measures.The tool also promotes dialogue between various parties involved in decisionmaking related to risk management of contaminated land. In practice, Dr Sorvari points out that additional factors not fully covered by the calculation tool may need to be taken into account – such as time span factors. Public defense of the thesis ‘Application of risk assessment and multi-criteria analysis in contaminated land management in Finland’ on 3rd December 2010.

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The Thule Institute supports and arranges joint Master’s and Doctoral level courses related to environmental and northern issues and natural resources. International activities in education have mainly been carried out in co-operation with the University of the Arctic and through co-operation with the Barents Cross-Border University. Master’s and Doctoral level education in sustainable processing and energy, sustainable use of northern resources and industrial ecology was provided by NorTech Oulu. doctoral education In 2010, doctoral education in the Thule Institute was carried out within the ThuleEdu platform, which brought together the research, supervision and education in the Institute. Doctoral education was supported by providing grants the same way as in previous years. Postgraduate research training consists of general multidisciplinary education, intensive courses focusing on specific fields of research, training of research skills, peer support groups, training of working life connections, and events promoting internationalization and mobility. The number of doctoral degrees that have been granted funding in research and postgraduate programmes since 2002 has had an upward trend. At the beginning of 2010, the nationwide VALUE – Doctoral school in Integrated Catchment and Water Resources Management started. In total, there are 34 students in the programme. VALUE is funded by the Academy of Finland and the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. The Thule Institute is responsible for the co-ordination. During 2010, VALUE organised two joint meetings: one in Helsinki in February and the second one in Ilomantsi in May. The University of Oulu had in total nine student positions in VALUE, of which three were funded by the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture.

international co-operation in education International co-operation in education was channelled mainly through the University of the Arctic’s (UArctic) Thematic Networks and the Barents Cross-Border University (BCBU). In addition, NorTech Oulu contributed to teaching the Waste minimization and resources use optimization course, which was organised by the Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory at the St. Ignacio de Loyola University in Lima, Peru in the framework of a CIMO North-South-South Programme project.

Number of doctoral theses approved in the Northern and Environmental Issues focus area in years 2002 - 2010.

The Thule Institute continued to develop the information package for PhD students and researchers at the University of Oulu, the Toolbox of Research (ToR).The Institute also participated in the development of a university-level education package of transferable skills for doctoral students. Events in 2010 • Kastelli Symposium and pre-conference course “People in a changing world” • “Environmental issues of the Barents Region” course in Oulanka • Human – Environment Relations colloquium series • Research training courses such as “Data Mining”, “GIS methods”, and “NVivo” • Several other smaller scientific seminars, short courses, and lectures in close co-operation with University of Oulu faculties and departments, such as Environmental-economics seminar series • Events to enhance the doctoral students’ working life skills and knowledge, such as half-day seminars: – “Towards the post-doctoral party Karonkka” – Seminar series on scientific writing in co-operation with the VadeMecum Team from the Univer- sity of Oulu

The Thule Institute also continued to provide its expertise in implementing two BCBU Master’s programmes (120 ECTS): the Barents Master’s Degree Programme in Environmental Engineering, and the Master’s Degree programme in Health and Wellbeing in Circumpolar Area. Barents Cross-Border University (BCBU) BCBU is co-ordinated by the University of Oulu and the University of Lapland, and is carried out in co-operation with eight universities in Northwest Russia.The BCBU aims to support university co-operation in the Barents Region and to increase knowledge of the traditions and cultures of both countries. Furthermore, it aims to promote the northern dimension and internationalisation of each institution. Co-operation with the Cross-Border University (CBU), led by the University of Joensuu, has been intensive, and several benchmarking events have been arranged. Master’s Degree Programme in Health and Wellbeing in Circumpolar Area (MCH) The programme is co-ordinated by the Centre for Arctic Medicine, together with the Institute of Health Sciences at the University of Oulu. The programme is carried out in co-operation with the University of Oulu (co-ordinator), the University of Southern Denmark/ Centre for Health Education Greenland, Luleå University of Technology, Northern State Medical University, Pomor State University, the University of Lapland, and

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the University of Manitoba. Eight second-year students from Russia, Finland, the UK and Canada participated in the program in 2010. One of the specific features of MCH is that the students can accomplish a notable part, 40 ECTS, of their studies through distance learning methods. The last courses of this on-line package, “Health Promotion” and “Basics in eHealth”, were accomplished in the spring semester, after which the students proceeded to their Master Thesis and advanced studies.The second class of students started their studies in January 2010. Barents Master’s Degree Programme in Environmental Engineering (BEE) The programme is co-ordinated at the Process and Environmental Engineering Department of the University of Oulu, with contribution from NorTech Oulu. The programme is carried out in co-operation with the University of Oulu, Northern Arctic (Federal) University, Murmansk State Technical University, Narvik University College, and the Luleå University of Technology. The second class of students started their studies in Oulu in September. In autumn 2010, the Thule Institute and NorTech Oulu participated in the organization and teaching of three Master’s courses in the BEE Programme: “Introduction to the environmental and socio-economic issues of the Barents Region”; “Industrial Ecology”; and “Sustainable development”.

Head Taneli Kolström presenting the Mekrijärvi Station to the VALUE students and supervisors on May 2010.

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University of the Arctic (UArctic) Thematic Network on Global Change in the Arctic The Thule Institute co-ordinated two of the UArctic’s networks: Thematic Network on Global Change and Thematic Network on Arctic Medicine, both of which focus on education. The Thematic Network on Global Change in the Arctic jointly developed a global change curriculum on the Master’s level from which the course “Health, Security and Wellbeing in the North” was created in 2010 and the course “Adaptation to Global Change in the Arctic” was placed in the new Virtual Learning Tool developed in a joint project, Arctic Virtual Learning Tools, led by the Thule Institute and the Thematic Network on Global Change in the Arctic. Arctic Virtual Learning Tools is a three-year project (2009–2011) funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers Arctic co-operation program. The Thematic Network on Global Change in the Arctic is one of the partners of project Clim-ATIC in which the thematic network is involved in developing education and outreach actions. The Clim-ATIC project (Climate Change - Adapting to the Impacts) is carried out by Communities in Northern Peripheral Regions. It is an international three-year project that has been awarded 2.4 million euros funding by the European Commission’s Northern Periphery Programme for the period 2008–2011. In 2010, new funding was granted for the Nordic Network People and ecosystems in a changing environment by the Nordforsk Top-level Research Initiative “Effect studies and adaptation to climate change”. The network is a joint effort led by the Thule Institute and the Thematic Network on Global Change in the Arctic and Arctic Medicine together with other Nordic partners. The main activity is to arrange three multidisciplinary PhD training courses in 2010–2012. The first course, “People in a changing World”, was arranged in 2010 in Oulu in conjunction with the International Kastelli Symposium.

Research infrastructures

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Research infrastructures The First Graduation from the Master’s Degree Programme in Health and Wellbeing in the Circumpolar Area (MCH) The end of the year was highlighted with the graduation of the first MCH student, Anastasia Emelyanova, from the MCH programme. 24-year-old Anastasia’s background is in social issues, since she has received her first diploma of higher education in Social Work from Pomor State University before she decided to proceed to the MA in Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing. Anastasia’s interest in health and social issues in the North can be related to her life – she has lived, lives and will live in the North, and is planning on pursuing a PhD in the wellbeing of the elderly, and adjusting the policies of northern states towards the conditions of the growing number of senior citizens. She regards the master’s programme as valuable for the improvement of life in the North because its aim is to educate and prepare new specialists dealing with health and social problems related to alcoholabuse, domestic violence or also changes occurring due to the changes in the climate – in particular for the Arctic indigenous peoples. (Interview by Nikolas Sellheim)

centre for arctic medicine Director, Research Professor Arja Rautio The Centre for Arctic Medicine is active in networking and developing multi- and interdisciplinary research in the field of health and wellbeing in the circumpolar area.The activities of the Centre include the co-ordination of the Research Programme of Circumpolar Health and Wellbeing and the international Master’s Degree Program in Health and Wellbeing in the Circumpolar Area (MCH) (see page 21), together with the Institute of Health Sciences at the University of Oulu. The Centre also participates actively in developing and organising research training at the Thule Institute and leads the University of Arctic Thematic Network of Arctic Medicine. The Centre for Arctic Medicine has a representative in several international scientific organisations, and it represents the University of Oulu in the International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers, which publishes the International Journal of Circumpolar Health. Collaboration with international scientific organisations and projects was immense in 2010. One of the main activities of the Centre was leading and hosting a sub-group meeting of the “Human Health effects of contaminants and the influence of climate change” work package of an EU FP7 project entitled ArcRisk. Collaboration also continued in a similar EU FP7 project, “CLEAR”, which investigates the possible impacts of global climate change on reproductive health in the Arctic and three local European populations. In addition, the Centre was collaborated on an EU FP7 project “ENRIECO” that aims to advance knowledge on specific environment and health causal relationships in pregnancy and birth cohorts by providing support for exploiting the wealth of data generated by past or on-going studies funded by the EC and national programmes. Research collaboration with the SámiSoster Society continued with the projects “Etiology, epidemiology and heredity of Dementia in the Sámi population of Lapland” and “The Health of Sámi”. One of the highlights of the year was the organization of the Oulu Symposium on Drug Metabolism: Xenobiot-

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ics - from evolution to medicines, dedicated to Professor Olavi Pelkonen in recognition of his achievements and contributions to the advancement of research on drug metabolism. The event was organized on April in collaboration with the Finnish Graduate School in Toxicology. In addition, the 7th International Kastelli Symposium and the related research training course “People in a Changing World” were organised in Oulu in November together with the University of Arctic Thematic Networks. The scientific topics covered the long-term historical research and forecasting of the future of human–environment relationships with respect to health, economic- and socio-cultural wellbeing, societal resilience, adaptation and transformability, vulnerability in different scales, and human communication.The research training course was funded by the Nordforsk Top-level Research Initiative “Effect studies and adaptation to climate change” as the first course organized by the Nordic Network “People and Ecosystems in a changing world”. In 2010, educational collaboration was initiated with the Nordic–Russian collaboration network and the University of Alaska Anchorage Master of Public Health in Public Health Practice programme.The Summer Institute of Circumpolar Health Research, consisting of two workshops “Dietary Assessment” and “Health Disparities”, was organized in Copenhagen in May as one partner with the International Network of Circumpolar Health Research. In November, a feedback seminar was held for partner university representatives and MCH students in Oulu, leading to fruitful ideas about how to develop the programme in the future.

nornet Research professor Erkki Alasaarela and Research coordinator Jouko Inkeröinen The environmental research network NorNet brings together research institutes and environmental authorities in northern Finland. NorNet aims to promote, integrate and profile northern research collaboration in the field of environmental science and technology. The partners of the NorNet research network are the University of Oulu, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Finnish Environment Institute, the Geological Survey of Finland, the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, the Finnish Forest Research Institute, Agrifood Research Finland MTT, the Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira and three Regional ELY Centres (North Ostrobothnia, Kainuu, Lapland).The co-ordination unit of the network operates at the Thule Institute. As a part of the NorNet co-operation, Professor Toivo Muilu began his work as a professor of rural research. The professorship is a joint post with the Department of Geography and Agrifood Research Finland. This new professorship profiles environmental socio-economic research in the NorNet network. Also a new five-year phase of a joint professorship of forest economy started in 2010 when Dr Artti Juutinen was appointed to

Meeting of the LYNET consortium steering board at the University of Oulu.

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the professorship.The professorship is shared with the University of Oulu, the Forest Research Institute and the Metsähallitus. One of the main objectives of NorNet is to support the project preparation of partner’s large shared projects. During 2010, funding applications for environmental R&D projects were submitted to EU FP7 programmes and to the European Regional Development Fund -programme (ERDF). At the project level, a new co-operation action, VERKA-project, started. In this three-year project, financed by the ESF programme, national and regional environmental collaboration initiatives will be linked together with special focus on measuring technology. The management of the UUMA Development Programme, farmed out to the Thule Institute and the NorNet coordinators, continued.This R&D programme (UUMA - A Programme for New Material Technology for Infrastructure Building) aims to support the substitution of untouched natural materials with new materials developed from industry by-products. An infrastructure co-operation and operational environment of the network made a significant progress in 2010 when four research institutes (RKTL, SYKE, MTT and Metla) decided to move their local units to the same premises as the Thule Institute in 2011. Also, Evira moved their unit nearby campus area (the Technology Village).This new research community will be one of the concrete achievements of the environment and nature resource research consortium (LYNET) and also will become one of the regional innovation centres where co-operation with science, business life and public sector are promoted. Coupling research-oriented community and an innovation centre together was one of the main ideas of the disquisition made by Thule Institute’s environmental technology team and financed by Oulu Innovation.

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nortech oulu Director, Dr Eva Pongrácz NorTech Oulu conducts and co-ordinates environmental technology research, education and development activities at the University of Oulu. The main focus of research at NorTech Oulu is resource efficiency, with special attention on waste-to-energy technologies, waste management logistics as well as sustainability assessment. Since 2008, NorTech Oulu has taken an active role in advancing environmental technology research at the University of Oulu, through improving research collaboration within and beyond the university. This has resulted in the Environmental Technology Development Programme (ETEP), which was initiated in 2009. The ETEP website keeps the latest up-to-date information on environmental technology research carried out at the University of Oulu under four main themes: Sustainable energy, Air pollution control, Water resources and Wastewater engineering and Resource efficiency. The website serves as a forum for present and future partners in industry, academia and administration alike, and for finding information on its main areas of expertise, current research activities and major events. Following the success of the EnePro conference in 2009, in June 2010 ETEP joined forces with the SkyPro Oulu team to bring together researchers from the field of clean air at the SkyPro conference. Clean air research was presented in three sessions: Air quality, environmental and health impacts; Air pollution abatement and Measurement and control of air quality. The presented studies were also published in the conference proceedings. Work has continued with the MicrE project (Micro waste to energy: micro energy to rural business), which began in 2009. A Master’s thesis work evaluating wasteto-energy technologies befitting rural business in the Northern Periphery was compiled, and another work dealing with the mineralization of CO2 was started in 2010. NorTech Oulu has also been involved in other research projects in collaboration with the Faculties of

Technology and Natural Sciences in the fields of resource use optimization and sustainability assessment. In autumn 2010, NorTech Oulu participated in the organization and teaching of Master’s courses in the BEE Programme “Introduction to the environmental and socio-economic issues of the Barents region”; “Industrial Ecology”; and “Sustainable development”. In addition, NorTech Oulu contributed to the “Waste minimization and resources use optimization” course which was offered by the Heat and Mass Transfer Process Laboratory in Peru, in the framework of a CIMO North-SouthSouth Programme project. The last TACIS-financed projects of NorTech Oulu faded into history in 2009, but the launching of new ENPI CBC programmes in January 2010 promised a continuation of Finnish–Russian co-operation. NorTech Oulu teamed up with the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences to submit an application to the Karelia ENPI programme, regarding sustainable spatial development in remote border areas. Several other Finnish and Russian partners joined the project too, which was approved for funding in November 2010. oulanka research station Deputy Director, Senior researcher Riku Paavola Oulanka Research Station is a scientific research unit of the University of Oulu in Kuusamo. It co-ordinates the regional activities of the University in the Koillismaa region. The station offers a research facility for multidisciplinary environmental research and education, with accommodation for up to 95 persons, and it is open the whole year round. The main research areas are ecosystem and biodiversity research on boreal terrestrial and aquatic environments, geographic processes, tourismrelated issues as well as long-term monitoring of the environment.The location of the station within Oulanka National Park, an attractive nature tourist destination, and active co-operation with local partners promotes the interdisciplinary research on nature-based tourism and traditional livelihoods.

“Environmental Issues of the Barents Region” course in Oulanka, May 2010 Twenty students and teachers travelled the long trip from Murmansk, Narvik, Oulu and Petrozavodsk to meet in Kuusamo. These people were attracted to the middle of the Finnish wilderness because of their thirst for knowledge to learn more about the environmental problems in the Barents Region. The week-long course was also attended by students and teachers from Petrozavodsk State University, Murmansk State Technical University and Narvik University College. This was the first time in the history of the Barents Cross Border University (BCBU) project that these three universities, together with University of Oulu, joined forces and organized a course about environmental issues. The presentations highlighted well the differences, but also the similarities which are common for the Barents Region. Deforestation, waste and clean water issues, off-shore gas and oil drilling, and numerous other examples were discussed during the lectures. The participants experienced first-hand real, environmental challenges during a field trip to the Ruka area.There, everybody could see how different interests compete for the use of the same natural resources – nature conservation, tourism and business. As a counterbalance to the busy study plan, the participants also enjoyed the pleasures of the Oulanka Research Station – the natural wonders of Oulanka National Park and the opportunity to enjoy a sauna every evening.The course, which turned out to be successful, also provided an opportunity for the students to build bridges across borders, and to get to know people from different parts of the Barents region and beyond.

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The permanent staff comprises five persons (two academic) and, in addition, several project researchers are working at the station. There were changes in the station’s personnel during the year, as long-time director Pirkko Siikamäki received a new position within Metsähallitus in early 2010 and senior researcher Riku Paavola took over as the temporary director. Researcher Jarmo Laitinen was employed for two months during the summer to conduct research on the ecology of the special mires within Oulanka National Park. Moreover, three persons undergoing non-military service were working at the station during the year. Oulanka Research Station was fortunate to also have three international CIMO “Suomea Suomessa” –program trainees working at the station during the field season, in addition to several Finnish trainees. A number of research activities took place in 2010 at the station. Bilateral visits by the plant ecology and evolution group from the University of Oulu were realised by Prof. Juha Tuomi and Dr Anne Jäkäläniemi, and Professor Elizabeth Crone from the University of Montana, USA. Two post-docs and about ten doctoral students were working in the research projects at the station and four doctoral theses were approved in 2010. Several international research visits took place also as part of the final year of LAPBIAT 2 activities. The Oulanka Research Station continued to work in networks and on joint research and development projects, the main ones being preparation for the INTERACT –project, “Kitkan Viisaat” -registered association, FinLTSER network/Northern LTSER Platform (see page 29), and VACCIA Life+ -project “Vulnerability assessment of ecosystem services for climate change impacts and adaptation” in 2009–2011 co-ordinated by the Finnish Environment Institute/FinLTSER. The VACCIA project ACTION 12: “Assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for tourism related communities in two northern towns: ecological, social and health impacts of climate change” has been led by Dr Pirkko Siikamäki.

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The main objective of the LAPBIAT2 facility is to enhance international scientific co-operation at seven Finnish research stations and to offer a unique place for multidisciplinary environmental and atmospheric research. In 2010, several research groups visited the Oulanka Research Station as part of LAPBIAT 2 activities: • Microhabitat use and thermoregulation in Rana temporaria and Zootoga vivipara Balazs Vagi, Tibor Kovács et al., Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary. • Interrelationships between biodiversity, recreation facilities and visitor satisfaction – a socio-spatial analysis of recreational experiences at Oulanka National Park by Jana Raadik et al., Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia, Colorado State University, USA and Wageningen University, Netherlands. • Effect of high latitude on denitrification-dependent N2O-fluxes and denitrifier community structure in acidic mires by Katharina Palmer, University of Bayreuth, Germany. Several annual field courses took place at Oulanka during the year: Terrestrial animals, Aquatic animals, Ecological botany, Winter ecology and physiology, Scandinavian Studies (part of the international programme of the Department of Geography) and a geography field course.The station also hosted two special courses that are not organised on a yearly basis: Aquatic and littoral vegetation and a special course in aquatic invertebrates. The station has also been organising numerous nature photography courses throughout the year. Oulanka Research Station has played an active role in the activities of the “Kitkan Viisaat” NGO together with a number of local people, Kuusamo and Posio municipalities and several other local stakeholders. The main aim of the association is to keep Lake Kitkajärvi in nearpristine condition.

Northern Long-term socioecological research platform (Northern LTSER platform) Platform coordinator, Dr Riku Paavola The Thule Institute and Oulanka Research Station have been part of a global-level study in long-term ecosystem research since 2007, when the Northern LTSER platform was accepted as a part of the Finnish LTSERnetwork (FinLTSER). All LTER networks in Europe, together with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, form a large research infrastructure, LIFE WATCH, which has been selected as one of the most important pan-European facilities by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures. The Northern LTSER Platform constitutes a transect from northern boreal forest landscapes to the subarctic tundra. The LTSER platform pools the research activities and monitoring data of the northernmost research stations of Finland under five long-term research themes related to socio-ecological changes in Northern nature and communities. The research themes of the Northern LTSER Platform include: • population dynamics and productivity of plant and animal populations living in the periphery of their distribution • effects of global change on northern ecosystems • changing society and livelihoods in rural and peripheral areas • human health and wellbeing in northern communities • information management and research infrastructure for scientific collaboration. The platform’s structure consists of two LTSER-areas (Kuusamo and Enontekiö), additional LTER-sites (Kilpisjärvi, Kevo, Oulanka and Värriö), and facilities and datasets of the Finnish Forest Research Institute and the Finnish Meteorological Institute (Pallas-Sodankylä LTER Observatory).The LTSER platform aims to be an integrated, multi-functional, well instrumented network of

infrastructures for ecological and socio-ecological research and monitoring in northern Finland. The main activity of the platform in 2010 was its leading role in coordinating the writing of the national-level FIRI2010: LifeWatch/FinLTSER infrastructure funding application. The application was submitted to the Academy of Finland and, if successful, the application will secure significant funding for the entire national LifeWatch/FinLTSER network, including the field stations involved. Other activities included participation in the European LifeWatch meeting for National Champions, which was held in Bari, Italy 24th – 26th November 2010. Several national level meetings were also arranged and participated in. Also, a proposal for ERDF funding based on the model of Oulanka Research Station as a regional LifeWatch/FinLTSER node was submitted to the Council of Oulu Region. Development of LTSER infrastructure in 2010 • Digitization of aerial photos from selected areas in Kuusamo and Posio has continued. One PhD thesis and one MSc thesis, currently in preparation, will utilize the land-use data gleaned from the images. Both the scanned raw photos and the digitized data will be at the disposal of the LTSER community for use in relevant research projects. • University of Oulu infrastructure funding for modernizing the analysis laboratory equipment of Oulanka research station was received (100 000 euro), and new equipment is being purchased and installed. Participation, projects and proposals in 2010 • VACCIA EU LIFE+ project 2009–2011. • Participation as a contributing partner in a ERDF project application(2011–2013): ‘Nature and Environmental Photography Academy’ in which the city of Kuusamo is the applicant. • Participation in the steering group of the Kilpisjärvi LTSER project, which is concentrating on digitization of the monitoring datasets of Kilpisjärvi and Kolari stations, within the ERDF programme of Northern Finland.

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• PhD student Musawenkosi Mlambo continued his work on a PhD thesis project funded by the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation with working title ‘The impact of logging residue removal (LRR) on boreal headwater stream communities and drainage areas’, supervisors Riku Paavola and Timo Muotka. IODP national programme office Coordinator, Research Professor Kari Strand The Thule Institute supported Finnish membership in the Integrated Ocean Drilling Programme (IODP) by maintaining a national programme office and the IODPFinland web portal. The portal offers information and contacts for Finnish scientists and students applying for participation in the expeditions as well as instructions on how to request samples, find educational summer schools and research planning workshops, and joining international drilling proposal initiatives.The portal also offers information about the on-going IODP-related research activities in Finland, e.g. related to the Arctic Ocean Expedition 302, New Jersey Shallow Shelf Expedition 313 and the Nankai Seismogenic Zone Expedition 315, as well as the Wilkes Land Glacial History Expedition 318. The Academy of Finland supports Finland’s participation in the IODP infrastructure managed in Europe by the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD). Presently there are 24 member countries in IODP.A specific national IODP support group consists of 14 representatives from the main research institutions and universities in Finland and the Academy of Finland.The support group covers a variety of expertise, from solid-earth geophysics, geochemistry, and palaeosedimentology to microbiology and Arctic marine technology. At a national level, there is close co-operation with the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP).The Thule Institute has also represented Finland in the European Science Foundation’s Magellan Workshop Series Program, which is a mechanism for stimulating the process of developing new and innovative science proposals to support European leadership in the planning of marine drilling expeditions and to ensure the effective exploitation of research opportunities.

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The major focus has been on educating a new generation of geoscientists and on participation in scientifically interesting IODP drillings and the planning of new research projects.The Finnish Graduate School in Geology has benefited from the ECORD lectures, and students have participated in its summer schools as well as the workshops arranged by the European Science Foundation Magellan Programme. A full proposal for IODP for scientific drilling in the Baltic Sea has received an external review and is now under new consideration to be an operational drilling project in the near future. The accumulated sediments of the Baltic Sea comprise a unique high-resolution paleoenvironmental archive for reconstructing and verifying climatic variability of global importance. Coordination office for the Thematic Networks Strategic Area of the University of the Arctic (UArctic) Coordinator, Dr Kirsi Latola A co-ordination office for the Thematic Networks Strategic Area of the University of the Arctic (UArctic) has been in operation since 2005 at the Thule Institute.Thematic Networks is a tool for developing stable relations among the member institutions that form the backbone of UArctic activities, and creates a natural framework for development of UArctic education programmes and research activities.The office co-ordinated 19 circumpolar Thematic Networks in 2010 on topics as diverse as Arctic Medicine and Arctic Engineering and Science, Northern Governance and Local and Regional Development, Energy in New Time, Global Change, Social Work, Tourism, Indigenous Languages and Handicrafts, and Marine and Coastal Issues. Thematic Networks (TN) strengthen international cooperation in research, regional development, education and knowledge sharing. Concretely, this means jointly developed and enrolled Master’s and PhD programmes and studies, jointly organised international conferences, workshops and seminars, and joint research activities. As an example, a Master’s program in Health and Well-

being in the Circumpolar Area has been jointly developed by partners in the TN on Arctic Medicine, led by the University of Oulu, Finland and a Master’s program in Social Work has been developed jointly by the partners in the TN on Social Work, led by Bodø University College, Norway. Several other Master’s programmes were planned and developed in other thematic networks, and in future the number of new Master’s programmes will increase significantly. Research goes hand in hand with education, and almost all networks co-operated on research, and PhD students have been engaged in many TNs. As an example, the TN on Energy in New Time and the TN on Northern Governance were able to offer PhD positions or internships for post-graduate students. Another good example is the PhD training course “People in a changing world” which was jointly arranged by TN on Global Change and TN on Arctic Medicine with the three-year funding granted by the Norforsk Toplevel Research Initiative “Effect studies and adaptation to climate change”. Northern Research and Innovation Platform Project manager, Dr Päivi Iskanius The Northern Research and Innovation Platform develops expertise on the environmental and energy issues and sustainable use of natural resources for the benefit of the whole of Europe, and thus supports the needs of Europe by combining economic, environmental and social dimensions into technological expertise and entrepreneurship.The platform, with a strong geographical emphasis of north and arctic aspects, generates multidisciplinary research and development activities in the field of environment, energy, and natural resources. The platform speeds up innovations, especially for the mining and forest industry, for environmental changes in northern areas, and in man’s operational prerequisites. The Northern Research and Innovation Platform project is financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the City of Oulu.

In 2010, over 80 experts participated in four NorthChallenge workshops, in which they prioritised northern R&D themes and identified over 300 interdisciplinary R&D ideas. In 2011, they will build several national and international R&D consortiums and develop 6–7 EUfunded R&D projects. Thule Institute’s staff as representatives in scientific organisations Thule Institute staff members participated in the following international northern, Arctic and environmental research and educational organisations, and represented the University of Oulu in the following co-operative bodies: • Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group’s Arctic Human Health Expert Group • Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP) • Barents Cross-Border University (BCBU) • Council of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) • European Consortium for the Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) relating to IODP • European Polar Board • Europolar Era-net • Finnish Ultraviolet International Research Centre • International Association for International Symposiums on Cold Region Development ISCORD (IACORDS) • International Network of Circumpolar Health Research (INCHR) • International Union for Circumpolar Health (IUCH) • Network of Circumpolar Health Research (INCHR) • Nordic Society of Arctic Medicine (NSAM) • Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) • Senior Arctic Official’s National Sponsoring Group in the Arctic Council’s Work • UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) • University of the Arctic

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Publications

in 2010

Doctoral theses and scientific articles from the research programmes, other research activities and the PhD programmes of the Thule Institute.

Doctoral theses Khaled Abass (2010). Metabolism and interactions of pesticides in human and animal in vitro hepatic models. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis D 1071. Marianne Haapea (2010). Non-response and information bias in population-based psychiatric research.The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis D 1049.

Tiina Pääkkönen (2010). Melatonin and thyroid hormones in the cold and in darkness.Association with mood and cognition. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Medica D 1045. Pauliina Rautio (2010). Writing about everyday beauty in a northern village. An argument for diversity of habitable places. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis E 109. Marian Sarala (2010). Elongation of Scots pine seedlings under blue light depletion. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 562. Jaana Sorvari (2010). Application of risk assessment and multicriteria analysis in contaminated land management in Finland. University of Oulu, Faculty of Technology.

Kauko Holappa (2010). Succession of mire types, peat qualities and ecology of mire plants in the areas of Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, Kainuu and Koillismaa, Northern Finland.

Jukka Syrjänen (2010). Ecology, fisheries and management of wild brown trout populations in boreal inland waters. Jyväskylä Studies in Biological and Environmental Science [96]. University of Jyväskylä.

Marko Kantomaa (2010).The role of physical activity on emotional and behavioural problems, self-rated health and educational attainment among adolescents. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis D 1043.

Marjaana Tahkokorpi (2010). Anthocyanins under drought and drought-related stresses in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 556.

Katja Karppinen (2010). Biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) – precursors and genes involved. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 564.

Sandra Varga (2010). Significance of plant gender and mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant life history traits. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 549.

Niina Lappalainen (2010). The responses of ectohydric and endohydric mosses under ambient and enhanced ultraviolet radiation. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 558.

Refereed articles in scientific journals

Tiina Leiviskä (2009). Coagulation and size fractionation studies on pulp and paper mill process and wastewater streams. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis C 348. Pauliina Louhi (2010). Responses of brown trout and benthic invertebrates to catchment-scale disturbance and in-stream restoration measures in boreal river systems. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 565. Anu Pajunen (2010). Willow-characterised shrub vegetation in tundra and its relation to abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 546. Sari Piippo (2010). Grazing tolerance of biennial meadow plants in relation to resource availability. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A 557.

ˆ Aikio-Puoskari U & Magga P (toim.)(2010). Kylä kulttuurien ˆ saamelaisista. Vuohcu risteyksessä. Artikkelikokoelma Vuotson Sámiid Searvin 40-vuotisjuhlakirja. Vuohcu Sámiid Searvi. Asikainen T and Mursula K (2010). Recalibration of the long-term NOAA/MEPED energetic proton measurements, J. Atm. SolarTerr. Phys. Doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.12.011. Auvinen J, Tammelin T, Taimela S, Zitting P, Järvelin M-R, Taanila A, Karppinen J (2010). Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder, and low back pains? A longitudinal study among adolescents. European Spine Journal 19:641-649. Doi 10.1007/s00586-009-1215-2. Biswal BB, Mennes M, Zuo XN, Gohel S, Kelly C, Smith SM, Beckmann CF, Adelstein JS, Buckner RL, Colcombe S, Dogonowski AM, Ernst M, Fair D, Hampson M, Hoptman MJ, Hyde JS, Kiviniemi VJ, Kötter R, Li SJ, Lin CP, Lowe MJ, Mackay C, Madden DJ, Madsen KH, Margulies DS, Mayberg HS, McMahon K, Monk CS, Mostofsky SH, Nagel BJ, Pekar JJ, Peltier SJ, Petersen SE, Riedl V, Rombouts

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

SA, Rypma B, Schlaggar BL, Schmidt S, Seidler RD, Siegle GJ, Sorg C, Teng GJ, Veijola J, Villringer A, Walter M, Wang L, Weng XC, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Williamson P, Windischberger C, Zang YF, Zhang HY, Castellanos FX, Milham MP (2010).Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107(10):4734-9.

for monitoring. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67:130-142.

Bokhorst S, Bjerke JW, Davey MP, Taulavuori K, Taulavuori E, Laine K, Callaghan TV, Phoenix GK (2010). Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community. Physiologia Plantarum 140:128-140.

Haapasaari P, Karjalainen TP (2010). Formalizing expert knowledge to compare alternative management plans: sociological perspective to the future management of Baltic salmon stocks. Marine Policy 34:477–486.

Borgström R, Opdahl J, Svenning MA Länsman M, Orell P, Niemelä E, Erkinaro J & Dempson JB (2010).Temporal changes in ascendance and in-season exploitation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, inferred by a video camera array. Fisheries Ecology and Management 17:454-463.

Halkoaho A, Pietilä AM, Dumez B, Van Damme K, Heinonen S, Vähäkangas K (2010). Ethical aspects of human placental perfusion: interview of the mothers donating placenta. Placenta. 2010 Aug;31(8):686-90.

Broggi J, Hohtola E, Koivula, K, Orell M & Nilsson J-Å (2010). Idle slow as you grow old: longitudinal age-related metabolic decline in a wild passerine. Evolutionary Ecology 24:177–184. Clilverd MA, Rodger CJ, Dietrich S, Raita T, Ulich T, Clarke E,Thomson AWP,and Kavanagh AJ (2010). High-latitude geomagnetically induced current events observed on very low frequency radio wave receiver systems, Radio Sci., 45, RS2006. Doi:10.1029/2009RS004215, 2010. Clilverd MA, Rodger CJ, Gamble RJ, Ulich T, Raita T, Seppälä A, Green JC, Thomson NR, Sauvaud J-A, and Parrot M (2010). Ground-based estimates of outer radiation beltenergetic electron precipitation fluxes into the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 115, A12304. Doi:10.1029/2010JA015638, 2010. Duarte CS, Sourander A, Nikolakaros G, Pihlajamaki H, Helenius H, Piha J, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I,Tamminen T, Almqvist F, Must A (2010). Child mental health problems and obesity in early adulthood. J Pediatr.156(1): 93-97. Eeva T, Ruuskanen S, Salminen J-P, Belskii E, Järvinen A, Kerimov A, Korpimäki E, Krams I, Moreno J, Morosinotto C, Mänd R, Orell M, Qvarnström A, Siitari H, Slater FM, Tilgar V, Visser ME, Winkel W, Zang H & Laaksonen T (2010). Geographical trends in the yolk carotenoid composision of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). Oecologia. Doi:10.1007/s0044s-010-1772-4. Erkinaro J, Niemelä E, Vähä J-P, Primmer CR, Brors S & Hassinen E (2010). Distribution and biological characteristics of escaped farmed salmon in a major subarctic wild salmon river: implications

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Gössling S, Hall CM, Peeters P and Scott D (2010). The Future of Tourism: Can Tourism Growth and Climate Policy be Reconciled? A Mitigation Perspective.Tourism Recreation Research, 35, 2:119-130.

Hall CM (2010). Changing paradigms and global change: From sustainable to steady-state tourism.Tourism Recreation Research, 35, 2: 131-144. Hall CM (2010). Crisis events in tourism: subjects of crisis in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13, 5: 401-417. Hall CM and Saarinen J (Ed.) (2010). Tourism and Change in Polar Regions: Climate, Environments and Experiences. (1st) London: Routledge. Heikkinen HI, Moilanen O, Nuttall M, Sarkki S (2010). Managing predators, managing reindeer: contested conceptions of predator policies in Finland’s southeast reindeer herding area. Polar Record. Doi:10.1017/S0032247410000513. Heikkinen HI, Sarkki S, Jokinen M, Fornander DE (2010). Global area conservation ideals versus the local realities of Reindeer Herding in Northernmost Finland. International Journal of Business and Globalisation 4 (2):110-130. Heikkinen J, Jansson-Verkasalo E,Toivanen J, Suominen K,Väyrynen E, Moilanen I, Seppänen T (2010). Perception of basic emotions from speech prosody in ado-lescents with Asperger’s syndrome. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2010;35(3):113-20. Honkanen M, Moilanen I,Taanila A, Hurtig T, Koivumaa-Honkanen H (2010). Class teacher as promoter and predictor of a child’s mental health. Duodecim 126(3):277-82. Review. Hrenovic J, Željenic D, Kopjar N, Sarpola A, Bronic J, Sekovanic L (2010). Antimicrobial activity of commercial zeolite A on

Acinetobacter junii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Hazardous Materials 183 (1-3):655–663.

Kopsakangas-Savolainen M, Svento R (2010). Comparing welfare effects of different regulation schemes: an application to the electricity distribution industry. Energy policy 38(11):7370-7377.

Immonen E, Kummu M, Petsalo A, Pihlaja T, Mathiesen L, Nielsen JK, Knudsen LE, Vähäkangas K, Myllynen P (2010). Toxicokinetics of the food-toxin IQ in human placental perfusion is not affected by ABCG2 or xenobiotic metabolism. Placenta. 2010 Jul;31(7):641-8.

Korsu K, Huusko A & Muotka T (2010). Invasion of North European streams by brook trout: hostile takeover or pre-adapted niche segregation? Biological Invasions 12:1363–1375.

Iskanius P (2010). Risk Management in ERP Projects in the Context of SMEs. Engineering Letters 17(4):1-8.

Korsu K, Huusko A, Korhonen P & Yrjänä T (2010).The potential role of stream habitat restoration in facilitating salmonid invasions: a habitat-hydraulic modeling approach. Restoration Ecology 18:158-165.

Iskanius P (2010). Risk Management of ERP Projects in Manufacturing SMEs. Information Resources Management Journal 23 (3):61-76. Iskanius P, Page T, Anbuudayasankar, SP (2010). The traditional industry sector in the changing business environment - A case study of Finnish steel product industry. International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management 4 (4): 395-414. Juutinen A, Ollikainen M (2010). Conservation contracts for forest biodiversity. Theory and experience from Finland. Forest Science 56: 201-211. Kangas K, Luoto M, Ihantola A,Tomppo E and Siikamäki P (2010). Recreation-induced changes in boreal bird communities in protected areas. Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America 20 (6):1775-1786. Kantomaa M, Tammelin T, Demakakos P, Ebeling H, Taanila A (2010). Physical activity, emotional and behavioral problems, maternal education and self-reported educational performance of adolescents. Health Education Research 25(2):368-379. Doi.10.1093/her/cyp048. Karjalainen TP, Järvikoski T (2010). Negotiating river ecosystems: impact assessment and conflict mediation in the cases of hydropower construction. Environmental impact assessment review 30 (5):319-327. Karttunen V, Myllynen P, Prochazka G, Pelkonen O, Segerbäck D, Vähäkangas K (2010). Placental transfer and DNA binding of benzo(a)pyrene in human placental perfusion.Toxicol Lett. 2010 Aug 16;197(2):75-81. Koivukangas J, Tammelin T, Kaakinen M, Mäki P, Moilanen I, Taanila A, Veijola J (2010). Physical activity and fitness in adolescents at risk for psychosis within the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort. Schizophr Res. 116(2-3):152-8.

Korsu, K., Huusko, A. & Muotka, T (2010). Impacts of invasive salmonids on native fish: using meta-analysis to summarize four decades of research. Boreal Environment Research 15:491-500. Krams I, Cìrule D, Krama T, Hukkanen M, Rytkönen S, Orell M, Iezhova T, Rantala M J & Tummeleht L (2010). Effect of forest management on haematological parameters, blood parasites, and reproductive success of the Siberian tit (Poecile cinctus) in northern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 47:335–346. Lambrechts MM, Adriaensen F, Ardia DR, Artemyev AV, Atiénzar F, Banbura J, Barba E, Bouvier J-C, Camprodon J, Cooper CB, Dawson RD, Eens M, Eeva T, Faivre B, Garamszegi LZ, Goodenough AE, Gosler AG, Grégoire A, Griffith SC, Gustafsson L, Johnson LS, Kania W, Keišs O, Llambias P-E, Mainwaring MC, Mänd R, Massa B, Mazgajski TZ, Møller AP, Moreno J, Naef-Baenzer B, Nilsson J-Å, Norte AC, Orell M, Otter KA, Park CR, Perrins CM, Pinowski J, Porkert J, Potti J, Remes V, Richner H, Rytkönen S, Shiao M-T, Silverin B, Slagsvold S, Smith HG, Sorace A, Stenning MJ Stewart I, Thompson CF, Tryjanowski P,Török J, van Noordwijk AJ, Winkler DW & Ziane N (2010).The design of artificial nestboxes for the study of secondary hole-nesting birds: a review of methodological inconsistencies and potential biases. Acta Ornithologica 45:1-26. Landaburu-Aguirre J, Pongrácz E, Perämäki P, Keiski RL (2010). Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration for the removal of cadmium and zinc: use of response surface methodology to improve understanding of process performance and optimisation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 180: 524-534. Lanzani G,Toma S, Ayala P, Jiang T, Nasibulin AG, Bligaard T, Pichler T, Laasonen K and Kauppinen EI (2010). Mechanism study of floating catalyst CVD synthesis of SWCNTs. Physica Status Solidi B 1-5:2708-2712.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Lanzani G, Laasonen K (2010). NH3 adsorption and dissociation on a nanosized iron closuter. International journal of hydrogen energy 35:6571 – 6577. Lappalainen NM, Huttunen S, Suokanerva H & Lakkala K (2010). Seasonal acclimation of the moss Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. to natural and enhanced ultraviolet radiation. Environmental Pollution 158: 891-900. Lappalainen NM, Hyyryläinen A & Huttunen S (2010). Seasonal and interannual variability of light and UV acclimation in mosses. In: Tuba Z, Slack NG, Stark LR (Eds) Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, pp. 71-90. Leppänen A-P, Pacini AA, Usoskin IG,Aldahan A, Echer E, Evangelista H, Klemola S, Kovaltsov GA, Mursula K, Possnert G(2010). Cosmogenic 7Be in air: A complex mixture of production and transport, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. Doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.06.006. Liszka L, Kvaerna T, Enell C-F and Raita T (2010). Infrasonic observations of recent meteoroid entries over northern Scandinavia. Inframatics Newsletter 25, June 2010: 2-8. Littow H, Elseoud AA, Haapea M, Isohanni M, Moilanen I, Mankinen K, Nikkinen J, Gyllenberg D, Sourander A, Niemelä S, Helenius H, Sillanmäki L, Piha J, Kumpulainen K, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, Almqvist F (2010). Childhood predictors of later psychiatric hospital treatment: findings from the Finnish 1981 birth cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19(11):823-33.

Magga A & Magga P(2010). Mettänviljaa.Teoksessa Aikio-Puoskari U & Magga P (toim.) (2010). Kylä kulttuurien risteyksessä. ˇ Sámiid Searvin Artikkelikokoelma Vuotson saamelaisista.Vuohcu ˇ 40-vuotisjuhlakirja. Vuohcu Sámiid Searvi. 58-63. Magga P (2010). Poronhoidon ja kulttuurin uhanalaisuus synnytti saamelaisyhdistyksen. Teoksessa Aikio-Puoskari U & Magga P (toim.) (2010). Kylä kulttuurien risteyksessä. Artikkelikokoelma ˇ Sámiid Searvin 40-vuotisjuhlakirja. Vuotson saamelaisista.Vuohcu ˇ Vuohcu Sámiid Searvi. 142-167. Magga P (2010). Vuomaselkä – poroaidallinen kulttuuriperintöä. Teoksessa Aikio-Puoskari U & Magga P (toim.) (2010). Kylä kulttuurien risteyksessä. Artikkelikokoelma Vuotson saamelaisista. ˇ Sámiid Searvin 40-vuotisjuhlakirja.Vuohcu ˇ Sámiid Searvi. Vuohcu 40-51. Mäki P, Riekki T, Miettunen J, Isohanni M, Jones PB, Murray GK,Veijola J (2010). Schizophrenia in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers in the northern Finland 1966 birth cohort: relationship to family history of psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 167(1):70-7. Mäkinen J, Miettunen J, Jääskeläinen E,Veijola J, Isohanni M, Koponen H (2010). Negative symptoms and their predictors in schizophrenia within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Psychiatry Res. 178(1):121-5. Nuttall M (2010). Anticipation, climate change, and movement in Greenland. Études Inuit Studies 34 (1): 21-37.

Littow H, Elseoud AA, Haapea M, Isohanni M, Moilanen I, Mankinen K, Nikkinen J, Rahko J, Rantala H, Remes J, Starck T, Tervonen O, Veijola J, Beckmann C, Kiviniemi VJ (2010). Age-Related Differences in Functional Nodes of the Brain Cortex - A High Model Order Group ICA Study. Front Syst Neurosci. 26:4.

Mattila ML, Hurtig T, Haapsamo H, Jussila K, Kuusikko-Gauffin S, Kielinen M, Linna SL, Ebeling H, Bloigu R, Joskitt L, Pauls DL, Moilanen I. Comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism: a community- and clinic-based study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010; 40(9):1080-93.

Lukianova R and Mursula K (2010). Changed relation between sunspot numbers, solar UV/EUV radiation and TSI during the declining phase of solar cycle 23, J. Atm. Solar-Terr.Phys.Doi:10.1016/j. jastp.2010.04.002.

Miettunen J,Veijola J, Freimer N, Lichtermann D, Peltonen L, Paunio T, Isohanni M, Joukamaa M, Ekelund J (2010). Data on schizotypy and affective scales are gender and education dependent--study in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Psychiatry Res. 178(2):408-13.

Luoma S, Hakko H, Marttunen M, Taanila A, Lindeman S (2010). Severe injuries in adolescence predict psychosis: A nested case control study of the Nor thern Finland 1966 Bir th Cohor t. Schizophrenia Research 118(1-3):48-53. Lützenkirchen J, Kupcika T, Fuss M, Walther C, Sarpola A, Sundman O (2010). Adsorption of Al13-keggin clusters to sapphire-cplane single crystals: Kinetic observations by streaming current measurements. Applied Surface Science 256:5406-5411.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Moore J, Jevrejeva CS and Grinsted A (2010). Efficacy of geoengineering to limit 21st century sea-level rise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 10.1073:1-5. Muilu T (2010). Needs for rural research in the northern Finland context. Journal of Rural Studies 26(1): 73-80.

Mursula K, Holappa L and Karinen A (2010).Uneven weighting of stations in the Dst index, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys. Doi:10.1016/j. jastp.2010.04.007. Murtomaa M, Viitala P, Hokkanen J, Pelkonen O, Rautio A (2010). Xenobiotic metabolism of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) exposed to PCDDs. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 29:19-33. Myllynen P, Kummu M, Sieppi E (2010). ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression in the placenta and fetus: an interspecies comparison. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2010 Nov 6; 1385-98. Myllynen P, Mathiesen L,Weimer M, Annola K, Immonen E, Karttunen V, Kummu M, Mørck TJ, Nielsen JK, Knudsen LE, Vähäkangas K (2010). Preliminary interlaboratory comparison of the ex vivo dual human placental perfusion system. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Aug;30(1):94-102. Nygrén T and Ulich T (2010). Calculation of signal spectrum by means of stochastic inversion, Ann. Geophys., 28:1409-1418. Paakki JJ, Rahko J, Long X, Moilanen I, Tervonen O, Nikkinen J, Starck T, Remes J, Hurtig T, Haapsamo H, Jussila K, Kuusikko-Gauffin S, Mattila ML, Zang Y, Kiviniemi V (2010). Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res. 1321:169-79. Paananen MV, Auvinen JP, Taimela SP, Tammelin TH, Kantomaa MT, Ebeling HE,Taanila AM, Zitting PJ, Karppinen J (2010). Psychosocial, mechanical, and metabolic factors in adolescents’ musculoskeletal pain in multiple locations: a cross-sectional study. European Journal of Pain 14(4):395-401. Pakanen V-M, Rönkä A, Belda E-J, Luukkonen A, Kvist L & Koivula K (2010). Impact of dispersal status on estimates of local population growth rates in a Temminck’s Stint (Calidris temminckii) population. Oikos 119: 1493 – 1503. Pap N, Pongrácz E, Jaakkola M, Tolonen T, Virtanen V, Turkki A, Horváth-Hovorka Z, Vatai G and Keiski RL (2010). The effect of pre-treatment on the anthocyanin and flavonol content of black currant juice (Ribes nigrum L.) in concentration by reverse osmosis. Journal of Food Engineering 98 (4): 429-436. Partanen HA, El-Nezami HS, Leppänen JM, Myllynen PK,Woodhouse HJ, Vähäkangas KH (2010). Aflatoxin B1 transfer and metabolism in human placenta. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jan;113(1):216-25. Pasanen A, Lunkka J P & Putkinen N (2010). Reconstruction of the White Sea Basin during the late Younger Dryas. Boreas 39:273 - 285.

Penttilä M, Jääskeläinen E, Haapea M,Tanskanen P,Veijola J, Ridler K, Murray GK, Barnes A, Jones PB, Isohanni M, Koponen H, Miettunen J (2010). Association between duration of untreated psychosis and brain morphology in schizophrenia within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Schizophr Res. 123(2-3):145-52. Poustka L, Murray GK, Jääskeläinen E, Veijola J, Jones P, Isohanni M, Miettunen J (2010).The influence of temperament on symptoms and functional outcome in people with psychosis in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Eur Psychiatry 25(1):26-32. Poutanen M, Dransch D, Gregersen S, Haubrock S, Ivins ER, Kleman V, Kozlovskaya E, Kukkonen I, Lund B, Lunkka J-P, Milne G, Muller J, Pascal C, Pettersen B R, Scherneck H-G, Steffen H,Vermeersen B & Wolf D (2010). DynaQlim – Upper Mantle Dynamics and Quaternary Climate in Cratonic Areas. In Cloetingh, S. & Negendank, J. (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences. International Year of Planet Earth. Springer Science+Business Media B. V. Rahko J, Paakki JJ, Starck T, Nikkinen J, Remes J, Hurtig T, KuusikkoGauffin S, Mattila ML, Jussila K, Jansson-Verkasalo E, Kätsyri J, Sams M, Pauls D, Ebeling H, Moilanen I, Tervonen O, Kiviniemi V (2010). Functional mapping of dynamic happy and fearful facial expression processing in adolescents. Brain Imaging Behav 4(2):164-76. Rodriguez A, Kaakinen M, Moilanen I,Taanila A, McGough JJ, Loo S, Järvelin MR (2010). Mixed-handedness is linked to mental health problems in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 125(2):e340-8. Rouvinen-Watt K, Mustonen A-M, Pal C, Conway R, Harris L, Saarela S, Strandberg U and Nieminen P (2010). Fasting-induced fatty liver in the American mink (Neovison vison): Effects of body fat mobilization on tissue fatty acid profiles, haematology and endocrinology. Lipids 45:111–128. Sairinen R, Barrow C, Karjalainen TP (2010). Environmental Conflict Mediation and Social Impact Assessment: Approaches for Enhanced Environmental Governance?. Environmental impact assessment review 30 (5): 289-292. Sarkki S, Heikkinen HI (2010). Social Movements’ Pressure Strategies during Forest Disputes in Finland. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 2 (3): 281-296. Savolainen J, Hurtig T, Ebeling H, Moilanen I, Hughes L, Taanila A (2010). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and criminal behaviour: the role of adolescent marginalization. European Journal of Criminology 7(6):1-18.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

Senar JC, Møller AP, Ruiz I, Negro JJ, Broggi J, Hohtola E (2010). Specific appetite for carotenoids in a colorful bird. PLoS ONE 5, e10716. Sinisalo A and Moore JC (2010). Antarctic blue ice areas - towards extracting palaeoclimate information. Antarctic science / Blackwell Scientific Publications 22 (2):99-115. Snäkin J-P & Muilu T & Pesola T (2010). Bioenergy decision making of farms in Northern Finland: combining bottom-up and topdown perspectives. Energy Policy 38(10): 6161-6171. Stebelova K, Anttila K, Mänttäri S, Saarela S and Zeman M (2010). Immunohistochemical definition of MT2 receptors and melatonin in the gastrointestinal tissues of rat. Acta Histochemica 112:26–33. Strand K & Immonen N (2010). Dynamics of the Barents-Kara Ice Sheet as revealed by quartz sand grain microtextures of the late Pleistocene Arctic Ocean sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 29 (25-26):3583-3589. Strauss H (2010). Involving the Finnish public in nuclear facility licensing: participatory democracy and industrial bias. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 7 (3):211-228. Syrjänen J & Valkeajärvi P (2010). Gillnet fishing drives lake-migrating brown trout to near extinction in the Lake Päijänne region, Finland. Fisheries Management and Ecology 17:199-208. Tahkokorpi M, Korteniemi A, Taulavuori E, Roitto M, Laine K, Huttunen S, Taulavuori K (2010). Trace amounts of nickel in belowground rhizomes of Vaccinium myr tillus L. decrease anthocyanin concentrations in aerial shoots without water stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 69: 338-342. Tanskanen P, Ridler K, Murray GK, Haapea M,Veijola JM, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J, Jones PB, Bullmore ET, Isohanni MK (2010). Morphometric brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in a populationbased sample: relationship to duration of illness. Schizophr Bull. 2010 Jul;36(4):766-77. Taulavuori E, Tahkokorpi M, Laine K and Taulavuori K (2010). Drought tolerance of juvenile and mature leaves of deciduous dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus L. in boreal environment. Protoplasma 241: 19–27. Taulavuori E, Taulavuori K, Niinimaa A, Laine K (2010). Effect of ecotype and latitudes on growth, frost hardiness, and oxidative stress of South to North transplanted Scots pine seedlings. International Journal of Forestry Research 2010, 1-16.

ANNUAL REPORT 2010

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