Resilient and Sustainable Eco-District

M A U R D Master

of

Architecture

in

Urban

and

Regional Design

Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District Spring 2013 Design Studio Arc 702 + 302

NYIT School of Architecture and Design

New York Institute of Technology School of Architecture ARCH 701+302: Urban and Regional Design: Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District In Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC Spring 2013 Faculty: Andrew Heid, Jeffrey Raven Š2013

M A U R D Master

of

Architecture

in

Urban

NYC 2013

and

Regional Design

M A U R D

Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District In Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC Spring 2013 Design Studio Arc 702 + 302

M A U R D

Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District in Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC Spring 2013 Design Studio Arc 702 + 302

The students designed resilient and

sustainable “eco-districts� within a vulnerable coastal neighborhood in New York City impacted by Hurricane

Sandy. The work emerging from this and similar studios builds on projects and research by MAURD faculty focused on climate-resilient urban

design, and contributes to the critical dialogue in New York City and other cities confronting climate change.

Ma nh att an

Bronx

Queens

Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District in Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC

Red Hook Brooklyn

Brooklyn

Staten Island

RED HOOK, BROOKLYN

Sustainable NYC Managing population growth Mitigating climate change Reducing carbon footprint Global to local scale Red Hook Site Analysis Vulnerability & Resilience

STUDIO PURPOSE

Red Hook’s Post Sandy; People & Place Red Hook Site Intervention Design Objectives & Themes 1. Isolation + Hyper-Connectivity 2. Water City 3. Livable-Porous Barrier 4. Micro-Climate 5. (De) Combined System Overflow

S U S TA I N A B L E

NYC

S U S TA I N A B L E

NYC

G R O W T H C L I M A T E _ C O 2 _ F O O TC H A N G E P R I N T “By 2030 we protect that our population will increase to more than 9 million, some newcomers and some who are already here, along with their children and grandchildren”.

“In just four years we’ve added more than 200 acres of parkland while improving our existing parks. We’ve created or preserved more than 64,000 units of affordable housing. We‘ve provided New Yorkers with more transportation choices.”

“By 2030, average temperatures could rise by as many as three degrees Fahrenheit in New York City. Hotter temperatures will increase public health risks.. As a city with 520 miles of coastline, we are also at risk of increased flooding as sea levels rise and storms become more intense.

Our sea levels have already risen a foot in the last 100 years and area projected to rise by up to 10 inches more in the next two decades.”

“New York City already has one of the lowest per capita greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions levels among major global cities, one-third the U.S. average, due to our density and reliance on mass transit.

In 2007 we set a goal to reduce our GHG emissions by more than 30% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.”

source: PLANYC

G R O W T H _ N Y C

Density A million more people are projected to reside in NYC by 2030.

Housing Shortage “We’ve created or preserved more than 64,000 units of affordable housing."

Aging Infrastructure "Our subways are increasingly jammed. Our bridges, some over 100 years old, are in need of repair, or even replacement."

GNew R O W City, T H 2002 _ N Y C York

HOUSING SHORTAGE

G R O W T H _ N Y C

AGING INFRASTRUCTURE

G R O W T H _ N Y C

DENSITY

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Sea Level Rise 2020s: 1 - 4 inches 2050s: 5 - 9 inches 2080s: 8 - 18 inches Sea Level Rise(Rapid Ice-Melt) 2020s: 4 - 9 inches 2050s: 17 - 26 inches 2080s: 37 - 50 inches

Temperature Temperature (F)

66

65.5

63 62.5

60

58.6

58 55 52

55.4 52.8

49 46.9 46 1990 2010 2020

2050

2080

Average Mean Temperature Proposed Average Mean Temperature

Source: NPCC Climate Risk Information, United States Environmental Protection Agency

Years

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Lower East Side, Manhattan

Red Hook, Brooklyn

Howard, Queens

Hurricane Sandy 2012

Wind speed 115 mph 4 Feet in 24 hours Elevations of less than 16 feet above sea level for South shore 14 feet (4.2m) at battery park city 13 Feet at red hook area Damage: over $68 billion

Hurricane Irene 2011

Wind speed 80 mph.

A storm surge of 4.36 feet (1.33m) A storm tide of 9.5 feet (2.9m) at battery park Damage: $296 million

Coney Island, Brooklyn Breezy Point, Queens Low: 0

:

High: 17.4’ High : 17.3816

2012 HURRICANE SANDY SURGE AREA

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Lower East Side in Manhattan

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Breezy Point in Queens

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Wind Speed 85

mph

4 FEET IN 24 HOURS

4.2 METERS AT BATTERY PARK CITY Flooded garage on South William st.

C L I M AT E _ C H A N G E

Hurricane Sandy 2012

13 FEET AT RED HOOK AREA Flooded Richards St. in Red Hook

C O 2 _ F O O T P R I N T

LIGHT_FOOTPRINT

U.S. Average Carbon Footprint per Person 27

Emissions in 2010 were 12% less than 2005 emissions. The City of New York is on track to reduce emissions by 30% by 2017 - an ambitious target.

Conventional

tons of CO2

Energy Efficient

Building Design

Building Design

Oil & Gas

Renewable

Energy Generation

Energy Generation

Landfill

Recycling/ Waste to Energy

Waste

Waste

Fossil Fuel

Transportation

Electric/ Solar Transportation

source:PLANYC

CO2_FOOTPRINT NYC

54,349,650 million tons a year 148,903 tons a day 6,204 tons an hour

1.72 tons a second source: New York City's daily carbon dioxide emissions as one-tonne spheres.

CO2_FOOTPRINT My Carbon Footprint in Red Hook

Red Hook, Brooklyn My Behavior Breakdown

U.S. Average Behavior Breakdown

Home Enery (51.8%) Driving & Flying (11.9%) Recycling & Waste (4.5%) Fook & Diet (31.9%)

Home Enery (38.8%) Driving & Flying (43.5%) Recycling & Waste (4.4%) Fook & Diet (15.3%)

My estimated greenhouse gas emissions are 18 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent per year, which is below the U.S. national

Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions:

18

Tons of CO2 eq/year

U.S. Average per Person:

27

World Average per Person:

5.8

18 short tons = 17 Metric Tons 17 Tons x $15 per Metric Ton = $255 Gift

Tons of CO2 eq/year

Tons of CO2 eq/year

CO2_FOOTPRINT Global Hectare per Density

WE NEED 164,736 GLOBAL HECTARE IN MANHATTAN

X6.7

If everyone on the planet lived my lifestyle, we would need:

X4.48 Earths Manhattan

Area: 22.96 mi² (5946.61 ha) Population: 1,619,090 Density: 68,951 / mi² (272 / ha)

My Global Hectare in Red Hook

Global Hectare in Red Hook / Desity

18 global Hectares

Red Hook, Brooklyn

Area: 1.116 mi² (289.04 ha) Population: 10,214 Density: 9,152 / mi² (35 / ha)

We need 164,736 Global Hectare in Red Hook

CC O O 22 __ F O O T P R R II NN TT INDIA

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

1.6 per Capita (U.S. 27)

source: WORLDWIDE

CO2_FOOTPRINT QATAR

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

44 per Capita

(U.S. 27)

RED_HOOK_SITE_ANALYSIS

Red Hook is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, U.S.A. The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community Board 6. It is also the location where the transatlantic liner RMS Queen Mary 2 docks in New York City. Red Hook is part of the area known as South Brooklyn. This name is derived from the original City of Brooklyn which ended at Atlantic Street, now Atlantic Avenue. In the 1950s anything south of Atlantic Avenue was considered South Brooklyn, thus the names “Red Hook” and “South Brooklyn” were applied also to today’s Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Columbia Heights and Gowanus neighborhoods. Portions of Carroll Gardens and Cobble Hill were granted landmark status in the 1970s and carved out of Red Hook which is a peninsula between Buttermilk Channel, Gowanus Bay and Gowanus Canal at the southern edge of Downtown Brooklyn. Red Hook is the only part of New York City that has a full frontal view of the Statue of Liberty, which was oriented to face France, the country which donated the statue to the United States following the centennial of the United States. New York City has expanded its water ferry service, operated by New York Water Taxi.

This service normally runs between IKEA and Pier 11 in Lower Manhattan, but has added a new stop at Van Brunt Street to support local businesses The free ferry runs between 10am and 9pm. Originally, when this free service was first introduced, it proved to be popular with local residents, causing changes in the operating policy to favor IKEA shoppers. Under the current schedule, the ferry runs from Monday to Friday, every 40 minutes from 2pm, $5 for one way. On Saturday and Sunday, it runs free of charge, every 20 minutes from 11am.

Subway service in the area is sparse. The closest subway stops are along the IND Culver Line (F G trains), at either Carroll Street or Smith–Ninth Streets stations.

Bus service is popular. The B61 bus route provides service from Hamilton Avenue, through Erie Basin/IKEA Plaza, to Van Brunt St and then northward, through the Columbia Street Waterfront District and terminates in Downtown Brooklyn. It also connects with the Culver Line’s Smith–Ninth Streets station. The B57 bus also connects Red Hook with Downtown Brooklyn and Maspeth, Queens.

Red Hook is connected to Manhattan by the vehicles-only Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, whose toll plaza and approaches separate it from Carroll Gardens to the north.

In the spring of 2006, the new Carnival Cruise Lines Terminal, more formally the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, opened at Pier 12 at Pioneer Street, bringing additional tourists.

The Red Hook Container Terminal is one of four such facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey and is the only maritime facility in Brooklyn to handle container ships. 2 source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn

Hurricane Sandy.

hurt by

RED HOOK

BROOKLYN

0 0 0

0.5 0.5 0.5

1 1 1

2 2 2

Miles Miles Miles

0

0.5

1

Miles

RED HOOK BROOKLYN

RED HOOK BROOKLYN

Legend

Leg

Legend

BKM BKMapPLUTO NTA_ACS_5yr_2006to2010_HHIncome LESS_10k

Max

BuiltFAR

0.000000 - 265.000000 0.000000 - 0.700000 0.700001 - 1.000000 265.000001 - 542.000000

Legend

1.000001 - 1.500000 542.000001 - 794.000000 1.500001 - 2.200000 794.000001 - 1110.000000

CT_Density_2010_20130504 Persons_Ac 0.0 - 31.5

0

Transportation

Land Use

Density

0.5

1

Income

2 Miles

FAR

2.200001 - 3.000000 1110.000001 - 1466.000000 3.000001 - 6.000000 1466.000001 - 1861.000000

31.6 - 99.1

6.000001 - 67.000000 1861.000001 - 2275.000000

99.2 - 147.3

2275.000001 - 2882.000000

147.4 - 205.3

2882.000001 - 4174.000000 0 0.5 4174.000001 - 7582.000000

Max. FAR

Topography

1

Sandy Surge

0

BUS H

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CRE AM

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LAC E

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1.5 mi

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0

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18

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23 ST

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0

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building 0

4

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19

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Legend tree canopy

NU

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W AN US

Transfer Point

21

4

EX PR ES SW AY

Bus Routes

17 RE ET

AV E

AV EN UE

Bike Routes Proposed Bike Routes

4,500 Feet

TR

Subway Routes

2,250

EE T

15 S

Potential Streetcar Riders

1,125

TR

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Transfer Point TREET B61,B75 10 ST RE F and G Subway Routes ET

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Transfer Point Ikea shuttle, Ferry

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Transfer Point B45

road

1,125

2,250 0 0

1,125

1,125

4,500 2,250 2,250 Feet

Transportation

L

0

1,125

2,250

ÂŻ Legend nyc_bike_routes_2012 nycbusroutes_100627_grouped nyctsubwayroutes_100627

0

0.5

1

2

Land Use

Legend RedHook_PLUTO_20130217 LandUse One & Two Family Buildings Multi Family Walk-up Buildings Multi Family Elevator Buildings Mixed Residentail & Commercial Buildings Commercial & Office Buildings Industrial & Manufacturing Transportation & Utility Public Facilities & Institutions Open Space & Outdoor Recreation Parking Facilities Vacant Land

Density

Income

Legend CT_Density_2010_20130504 Persons_Ac 0.0 - 31.5 31.6 - 99.1 99.2 - 147.3 147.4 - 205.3

FAR

Max. FAR

Each zoning district has an FAR which, when multiplied by the lot area of the zoning lot, produces the maximum amount of floor area allowable on that zoning lot.

L

Legend Legend

BKMapPLUTO

B

BKMapPLUTO M

BuiltFAR 0.000000 - 0.700000

MaxAllwFAR

0.700001 - 1.000000

0.0-0.7 0.000000 - 0.70

1.000001 - 1.500000

0.7-1.0 0.700001 - 1.00

1.500001 - 2.200000

1.0-1.5 1.000001 - 1.50

2.200001 - 3.000000

1.500001 - 2.20 1.5-2.2

3.000001 - 6.000000

2.200001 - 3.00 2.2-3.0

6.000001 - 67.000000

3.0-6.0 3.000001 - 6.00

6.0-67.0 6.000001 - 67.0

0

0.5

1

2

0

FAR

Max. FAR

0

1,125

2,250

4,500 Feet

¯ Legend BKMapPLUTO BuiltFAR 0.000000 - 0.700000 0.700001 - 1.000000 1.000001 - 1.500000 1.500001 - 2.200000 2.200001 - 3.000000 3.000001 - 6.000000 6.000001 - 67.000000

Vulnerability & Resilience:

Red Hook Post Sandy

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Red Hook after Sandy

Almost two weeks after hurricane Sandy hit, residents in Red Hook still had no power.

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Red Hook after Sandy

Fairway Market in Red Hook

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Red Hook after Sandy

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Red Hook after Sandy

Hurricane Sandy 2012 Red Hook after Sandy

TOPOGRAPHY

2012 HURRICANE SANDY SURGE AREA

Legend contours_2ft_2006 ELEVATION 0.000000 - 20.000000 20.000001 - 38.000000 38.000001 - 58.000000 58.000001 - 80.000000 80.000001 - 102.000000 102.000001 - 120.000000 120.000001 - 140.000000 140.000001 - 160.000000 160.000001 - 182.000000 182.000001 - 216.000000

Low:Low 0 :0

High: 17.4’ High : 17.3816

“I’m one of the owners of Home/Made in Red Hook catering....... most of Red Hookers were staying put. Most of us were all in communication.

We had organized, you know, lists online, so everybody knew who was open and who was closed, who had what resources.... when the water started coming up Pioneer Street, slowly, but slow-fast, kind of. It wasn’t like a tidal wave. It was just slowly crawling at a rapid speed. And in about 15 minutes, it went from the end the Pioneer and I’m lay by the water to our front stoop and up about a foot.”

“As soon as the electricity went, you see, and it was like all man to himself, you see? It’s just like man against Mother Nature.

And Mother Nature won. I would not wish a storm like this on my worst enemy.”

2012 HURRICANE SANDY SURGE AREA

“ I just responded to a call online through an Occupy website that they needed volunteers down here today. This is the Red Hook Initiative, so this is always open, doing community involvement things.....

We’ve had hot lunch.

We have snacks all day.

And then we’re going to serve hot dinner at 6:00.”

Low: 0

:

High: 17.4’ High : 17.3816

“I’m the youth empowerment program coordinator here at Added Value, and we operate the Red Hook Community Farm...... all the crops were covered with water from the harbor. So we won’t be able to sell any... many people argue that local farms are the solution.

You know, our industrial agriculture—agricultural system is based on using fossil fuels for pesticides, and natural gas. We ship food all across the country.

And it just doesn’t make sense. We need to localize production to reduce our carbon footprint.”

“We don’t have ConEd out here. We don’t have none of that services out here.

They’re not even coming.”

“I am a former employee of the Red Hook Initiative... This is still part of my home, and it’s part of my community...the people in the Red Hook community are out without food, water, lights and a lot of the basic needs. And so, what the Red Hook Initiative has done, they collaborated with a group of volunteers who are going well beyond their means to donate and to give food and clothing, fresh water.”

INTERVENTION

RED HOOK BROOKLYN

INTERVENTION

TRANSECT CONCEPTS SITE SUMMARY

Red Hook, Brooklyn Area: 1.116 mi2 (289.04 ha) Population: 10,214 Density: 9,152 / mi2 (35 / ha) Transect Area: 0.1004 mi2 (26 ha) 9% of Red Hook Area

0 100’

500’

100’

“Salinity in the soil from the saltwater could be a major problem for us this season..”

Head of Red Hook Community Farm

Greg O’Connell (Red Hook’s biggest landowner)

“The environmental and economic costs far outweigh the benefits.”

“I learned that one of the best businesses to put into an inner city is a supermarket, because it employs locally.”

John McGettrick (a leader of the Red Hook Civic Association)

“People’s cars were piled up in the parking lot over there. Nobody could move until the water was gone.”

“We are just helping out to sort the debris, and prepare for the planting season” Volunteers at Red Hook Community Farm

FEMA Worker

“Down by the projects, the water was up to here” FEMA Worker

TRANSECT CONCEPTS

 

  

 

 

 Water City

Pixel City 



100 Year Flood with Sea Level Rise





 







Up Land for Protecting a Flood / Marsh Land



 

High Marsh

Up Land



Interlocking Housing Units





Extension of Greenway

MEGASTRUCTURE PILOTI BUILDING

Extension of Greenway to Water Taxi

Masdar City

PERIMETER WALL GREEN CORRIDOR

TRANSECT CONCEPTS

M A U R D

1

Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District In Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC

De-Combined system

Spring 2013 Design Studio Arc 702 + 302

Design Objectives

Livable-Porous Barrier

2

Compact neighborhood design Low-energy, passive systems

3 W

G

ER

CE

DE

LE

V

V

COLE

IM

LA

Y

A

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IS

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IS

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ING

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TON

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BR

UN

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RD

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LORR

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MIL

AIN

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D

IG

CENT

MER

ER

MALL

Water City BUSH

OURN

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SMI

TH

COU

RT

ECK

CLI

HALL

NTO

N

HEN

RY

Micro-Climate

HIC

SIG

KS

COL

BAY

IA

OTS

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DW

L

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CREA

UMB

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ED

HA

DY

RIC

AN

S

EY

V RE

5

Livable-porous barrier

4

Micro-climate Isolation + hyper-connectivity

AN

ER

ON

V

IT

Design Themes Water city

E

RIN

MM

equity, economy)

(De) Combined system overflow

ENU

line (environment,

AV

AB

CO

Resource conservation / recycling re-use

Economic viability, with focus on triple-bottom

NE

SE

Community access to public spaces

Mixed housing and incomes Low-impact development

ON

BO

ILT

HAM

Pedestrian-friendly streets

Isolation + Hyper-Connectivity

L I VA B L E POROUS BARRIER

A more localized approach could be imple-

mented faster at lower cost, focusing on critical areas first before being replicated else-

where. A localized sea wall could tie into the urban fabric more successfully and has the opportunity to benefit the community in a multitude of ways.

The livable porous barrier is the perfect solu-

tion. It offers housing, jobs, retail, rec-

reation and farm land. Comprised of mod-

tiered atop one another , tied into a 75’ high 28’ deep sea wall, the porous livable barrier protects curular housing units,

rent and future generations. Its design is a leap forward in terms of increasing density and laying groundwork infrastructure for a thriving community.

L I VA B L E POROUS BARRIER

LIVABLE-POROUS BARRIER

L I VA B L E POROUS BARRIER

What if...?

REGIONAL SCALE PROPOSAL A

WOULD PROTECT

FOR A PROTECTIVE SEA BARRIER

ALL BOROUGHS.

BUT, WOULD BE EXTREMELY

COSTLY, MORE THAN IS REQUIRED AND TAKE TOO LONG TO IMPLEMENT.

Sea Barrier?

29 Miles (153120 feet)

COST OF A BARRIER IN STAMFORD (4400-FOOT-LONG CONCRETE WALL); $14.5

MILLION

1 mi.

L I VA B L E POROUS BARRIER

SEA WALL RESIDENTIAL TOWER RECREATION & URBAN FARM GREEN BARRIER EXISTING BUILDING

FLOOD PREVENTION SOLVING HOUSING SHORTAGE IN NY R E GEN E R ATION OF RED HOOK

Sea Wall & Residential Tower

Comprised of modular housing units, tiered atop one another , tied into a 75’ high 28’ deep sea wall, the porous livable barrier protects current and future generations. Its design is a leap forward in terms of increasing density and laying groundwork infrastructure for a thriving community.

Master Plan

Green Way & Existing Huge Building Reinvention of existing industrial building: Fish market, studio, exhibition, museum Marsh Land: Fish Farm, Oyster Farm Ecological Study Area

SOFT SIDE GREEN WAY SEA WALL RESIDENTIAL TOWER RECREATION & URBAN FARM GREEN BARRIER EXISTING BUILDING

PROPOSAL STREET CAR ROUTS PROPOSAL BIKE ROUTS

0

100’

300’

700’

Sea Wall & Residential Tower

Green Way Intervention Promenade

DENSITY IN RED HOOK

38,184 people / mi2

450 towers with a barrier:

200 2 story towers (6 units) = 1200 units 100 4 story towers (12 units) = 1200 units 100 6 story towers (18 units) = 1800 units 50 8 story towers (24 units) = 1200 units

Total = 5400 units

5400 units x6 people per unit = 32,400 people living in our porous barrier 32,400 รท 0.242 (it is the square mile area of our typology) = 133,884 / mi2 133,884 is the porous barrier density. When averaged with the rest of red hook the overall new density for red hook is 38,184 people (Brooklyn: 36,356 / mi2 Manhattan: 69,771 / mi2)

/ mi2.

TERRACED RESIDENTIAL TOWER UNITS CIRCULATION & RESIDENTIAL IN SEA WALL

SECTIONAL COMPOSITION IN SEA WALL TOWER

DEFERENT TYPE OF FAMILY UNIT

0 3

9

21 ft.

SECTION

A-A’

B-B’

E-E’

F-F’

C-C’

D-D’

G-G’

H-H’

DECOMB I N E D SYSTEM

BLACK AND GREY WATER SHARE FORCE MAIN

WASTED ENERGY

BEFORE - COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM

WASTED ENERGY

DECOMB I N E D SYSTEM

GARBAGE TRUCK:

5.88 gallons of gas = 215.2 kwh (2.1 mile trip)

WASTE ENERGY

HOUSING (accommodating 3 people): 5 kwh of energy per day (140 kwh per month)

SOLID WASTE:

specific places on each block. The solid waste will be

SOLID WASTE IN RED HOOK:

converted into methane which is going to be used to

EFFLUENT CSO DISCHARGE CSO DISCHARGE

SOURCE: GREATIST.

power the trucks and reduce the amount of energy at

COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM BLACK AND GREY WATER SHARE FORCE MAIN

homes.

AFTER - DE COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM/ DRY SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM BLACK AND GREY WATER ARE SEPARATE CAPTURED ENERGY

CAPTURED ENERGY

WETLAND

WETLAND

CSOREDUCED REDUCED 100% CSO 100% DE-COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM BLACK AND GREY WATER ARE SEPARATE DRY SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM

which will capture storm water, and a dry sanitary system for the solid waste which will be collected from

1-1.5 lb. per person per day

WETLAND

tem by creating a series of wetlands through the site

METHANE/ENERGY PRODUCTION: 912 kwh

EFFLUENT

The proposal of this project is to de combine the sys-

N

STORM WATER

OUTFLOWS WATERFRONT COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW (CSO)

DAYLIGHT-SEWER SYSTEM WETLANDS

BLACK WATER/STORM WATER-REDHOOK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT BLACK WATER/STORM WATER-REDHOOK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT,OWLS HEAD

PIPELINES

NYC DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The morphology of the wetlands is based TOPOGRAPHY

on the outflows in Red Hook, sewer system/pipelines, topography, softscape and the nodes/places of attraction.

The wetlands cover 243 acres of Red SOFTSCAPE

Hook and are 3 feet deep. A circulation and green spaces are created around them.

Master Plan Systems Industrial Buildings Commercial Buildings Public Spaces Residential Buildings Water Pools Mixed-Used Buildings

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Streams

WAT E R CITY

WAT E R CITY

In 2100 one half of Red Hook will be under water (IPCC data set).

To enable the city to thrive our proposal seeks local solutions to global problems.

A stilted community of piers is built in relief of otherwise flooded Red Hook buildings. Current buildings are to ne knocked down and allowed to erode naturally on behest of the ocean currents.

WAT E R CITY

Red Hook 6’ sea level rise: Occupies 21 million square feet of site Transect: occupies 2.8 Million square feet or 8% of flooded zone Manhattan density: 70,000 people per square mile Red Hook density: 10,000 people per square mile 8% Of 70,000 need 5,600 people in transect to obtain Manhattan density: 325 Square feet per person Transect ground level: 327,000 Square feet Transect can fit over 1000 people on the ground level.

TRANSECT CUT

100 Time Lapse

A series of study models depicts the transition of Red Hook’s buildings into ecological sites, the new built form occurs between the mounds.

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The form of the buildings take the shape of the wetlands around the site. Empty floors, which become green spaces, are placed for ventila-

TRANSECT SECTION

RECYCLED BUILDINGS

RECYCLED BUILDINGS

Recycled Buildings

GEOMETRIC FABRIC Existing Fabric

FLOODED BUILDINGS

PLAN @ 1” = 400’

FLOODED BUILDINGS COLLAPSED EXISTING FABRIC

STREET CENTERLINES

TRANSFORMATION TO ECOLOGICAL SITE BUILDING GEOMETRY

BOARDWALK CREATION

TIDAL EROSION CREATES HABITAT

BOARDWALK MANIPULATION

Street Center lines

Building Geometry

Boardwalk Creation

Boardwalk Manipulation

MICROCLIMATE

MICROCLIMATE

SUMMER WIND CORRIDOR

MICROCLIMATE - THESIS RED HOOK Population: 10,764 people People/Acre: 14.5

 DENSITY

Source: city-data.com

BROOKLYN Population: 2,504,700 people

Red Hook

People/Acre: 53

Source: US Government's Census Bureau Census Data

Brooklyn

MANHATTAN Population: 1,585,873 people People/Acre: 113

Manhattan

Source: US Government's Census Bureau Census Data

0

20

60

40

80

100

Existing Density

PROPOSED Population: 65,200 people

Proposed Density

People/Acre: 88

120

People/Acre

CLIMATE SCENARIO

REDHOOK ISSUES

Temperature (F)

CLIMATE CHANGE: Tem perature is projected to rise 10 F by 2080.

66 65.5

63 62.5

60

58.6

58

DENSITY: New York City will inhabit a million more people by 2030.

55.4

55

52.8

52

46.9

49

CARBON FOOTPRINT: U.S. Average Carbon Footprint per Person 27 tons of CO2 per year.

46 1990

2010

2020

2050

Average Mean Temperature Proposed Average Mean Temperature

2080

Years

NPCC Climate Risk Information, United States Environmental Protection Agency

hv 

 



hv 





 







hv 

hv



hv

hv  



hv  36'-10"

hv

31'-6" Kitchen 12'-7"

Bedroom/Living

Bedroom

Bathroom

Bedroom Living 26'-11"

Entrance

Walik-in closet

Micro House

Bathroom

Bathroom

Entrance

Kitchen

2 BEDROOM

25'-9"

Living

hv Bedroom

27'-1"

 

 Bathroom

Kitchen

Entrance



1 BEDROOM



Morphological Studies

Master Plan

HYPER-CON NECTION

HYPER-CON NECTION

Master Plan

MODULE AND UNIT TRANSFORMATION TO CLUSTER TYPOLOGY

CLUSTER TYPE TOWER

160 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 10

BRIDGE OVER

80 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 5

PARK SCAPE

40 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 2

WATER/DOCK

160 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 10

ROOF CONNECTOR

160 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 10

STREET BRIDGE

80 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 5

COURTYARD

COURTYARD

80 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 5

80 People per 6000 Sqft FAR 5

PROGRAM & CIRCULATION

AXONOMETRIC

CLUSTER EXPANSION

The goal of this studio is to explore integrated, desirable for mitigating climate change by reurban design and planning strategies for creating ducing Greenhouse Gas emissions sustainable and resilient communities that through spatial efficiencies, pedestrian accan adapt and thrive in the changing global condiResilient & Sustainable Eco-District cess to public transportation and preservaIn Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC tions, meet carbon-reduction goals, and sus- tion of open space and habitat. However, in the Spring 2013 Design Studio Arc 702 + 302 tain urban populations in more compact settings by providing amenities that people need and want. metropolitan region, students will Students will explore how these compact communi- confront the energy-efficiency challenge to reties can mitigate climate change by reducing spond simultaneously to strong winds, flood Greenhouse Gas emissions through spatial risks and high temperature and humidity. efficiencies, pedestrian access to public transporta- Configuring compact, cool communities with attion and preservation of open space and habitat. tractive natural amenities can be achieved by The work will explore urban design approaches, adopting climate-resilient urban design strategies methods and tools to strengthen community re- focused on exploiting “free� natural sys-

M A U R D

New York

silience

through a systemic, interconnected

tems.

These energy-efficient design solupublic realm and green infrastructure to tions in climate-resilient urban design, will require students to draw from fields such as energy, inachieve reduced energy loads, cleaner air frastructure planning, climate science, landscape and enhanced civic life. Students will review prototype case study frameworks and methodologies in architecture and green building design. both local and international contexts. Students will Prescriptive measures and performance standesign a compact, mixed-use housing project as dards for a climate-resilient public realm Master of Architecture in Urban and Regional Design NYIT School of Architecture and Design

part of a proposed Red Hook eco-district should address systemic impacts on the public in Brooklyn, New York. Compact communities are realm, including urban ventilation, green infra-

Course Faculty: Andrew Heid, NOA, Adjunct Professor NYIT Jeffrey Raven, Director MAURD, Associate Professor Student: Livable-porous barrier: Jin-Ho Kim Daven Johansen (De) Combined system overflow: Alexandra Filotheidi Eli Hassan Water city: Patrick Miller James Patrick Wagner Micro-climate: Joe Hwang Safiyan Ali Iliana Filotheidi Isolation + hyper-connectivity: Michael Sutton William Yu

Our design jury drew from diverse faculty and active professionals leading global practices based in the New York City metropolitan area: Craig Allchin: Owner, Six Degrees Urban, Australia Philip Giang: Sr. Associate, Perkins Eastman Catherine Dannenbring: Director-Sustainable Development, Skanska Nicolas Hannequin: Principal, Arial 10 Tomas Janka: Principal, Arial 10 Leanora Paniccia: Associate, Atelier Ten Aline Fader: New York City Department of City Planning, Brooklyn Joeb Moore: Yale University, Joeb Moore & Partners LLC Vincent Lee: Associate, Arup David Grider: Architect Viktoria Diskina: Sr. Associate, RMJM Ilias Papageorgiou: Associate Principal, SO – IL Bill Millard: Architectural historian, theorist and writer Nicholas Karytinos: Architect and Founder, Tacet Creations Eugene Kwak: Cook + Fox , Adjunct Professor NYIT Judith DiMaio: Dean, School of Architecture and Design, NYIT Farzana Gandhi: Assistant Professor, NYIT Giovanni Santamaria: Visiting Assistant Professor NYIT

New York Institute of Technology School of Architecture ARCH 701+302: Urban and Regional Design: Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District In Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC Spring 2013 Faculty: Andrew Heid, Jeffrey Raven Š2013

Porous Sea Wall

Master of Architecture in Urban and Regional Design ARCH 701+302: Resilient & Sustainable Eco-District In Red Hook, Brooklyn, NYC New York Institute of Technology School of Architecture Spring 2013 Editors: Jeffrey Raven, Andrew Heid, Jinho Kim Š2013