Maxime Downe Pamphlet 3.1: COLLYHURST Living Office

PAMPHLET

3.1.1

Sam Bennington Max Downe Signe Perkone Nicholas Nilsen Aoli Feng

MMU ID: 11071133 1

Contents

2

4-5

Introduction

6-7

Current conditions

8-9

Mapping isolation

10-11

Crime

12-13

Islands

14-15

Island precedents

16-17

Community

18-19

Entropy

20-21

Cristiania analysis

22-23

Sustainable and Digital communities

24-25

Proposal for Collyhurst future

26-27

Group Supergraphic

28-29

Programme Statement

30-31

Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading

32-33

Safe boxes

34-35

Urban Garden

36-37

Programme Timeline

38-39

Programme: Youth Centre/Urban Farm

40-41

Spatial Arrangement

42-43

Location

44-45

Bibliography 3

COLLYHURST IS AN ISLAND In the 19th century, the industrial revolution transformed Manchester.

It grew into one of the world’s most influential cities. Its cotton mills employed vast numbers of people and exported their produce across the globe. Collyhurst, with its dozens of machineries, mills and works sitting on the Irk’s powerful back, was a hive of industrial activity.

Over time, the UK’s economy has changed: traditional industry still exists, but on a far smaller scale. Large scale employment here has shifted to digital industry. While many of the country’s cities and towns have developed and adapted to these changes, there still exist areas of post-industrial desolation.

Collyhurst, despite its close proximity to Manchester’s centre, is one such area. It is stranded between the cosmopolitan city centre of Manchester, ethnically diverse Cheetham Hill and more respectable residential areas. The shift towards digital innovation has not taken place there and therefore the whole area has fallen into disrepair.

4

5

l

o s

E D

6

A N T i O

7

1890

1960

Industry Education Religion Leisure

29 9

40 10 11 18 Collyhurst at its peak: industrially powerful and home to thousands of workers. Machineries and mills line the Irk’s banks, while an abundance of churches, schools and places of leisure cater for the large population.

8

5

15

Post-industrial peak, pre-digital boom. Collyhurst continues to rely on machineries and mills to generate jobs and money. As the outsourcing of labour begins, so does the decline in employment. Communities decrease.

2013

In the 19th century, the industrial revolution transformed Manchester.

It grew into one of the world’s most influential cities. Its cotton mills employed vast numbers of people and exported their produce across the globe. Collyhurst, with its dozens of machineries, mills and works became a hive of industrial activity.

Mapping ISOLATION

11

3

2

12

UK economy now based more around digital rather than traditional industry. Collyhurst, still generating most of its money through traditional industry, has been left behind. The majority of the buildings are now residential; many of the area’s inhabitants work elsewhere in Manchester.

Community-associated buildings are at an alltime low.

Over time, the UK’s economy has changed: large scale employment has shifted from traditional industry to digital industry. While many of the country’s cities and towns have developed and adapted to these changes, there still exist areas of postindustrial desolation.

Collyhurst’s southern end is dominated by car parks that occupy postindustrial landscapes waiting to be put to more permanent use. Standing amongst these historically rich, yet currently insignificant spaces, a clear juxtaposition is visible: a look back to the city displays a rich, glass and steel skyline – the high rise markers of a digital age. They seem to sneer provocatively, laughing at Collyhurst’s unused spaces and uninhabited factories.

Plainly, Collyhurst has been left behind.

What was once a strong limb, a crucial piece in the city’s great whole, has been wounded by the movements in industry. Collyhurst has dropped back from a pack striding on towards economic power, and now, showing its age, lies isolated.

This decline is very clear when the disappearance of communityassociated buildings in the area is mapped over the course of a century.

9

CRIME IN THE COLLYHURST AREA Month of August 2013 Source: Greater Manchester Police Anti-social behaviour (54) Arson (2) Bicyle theft (2) Burglary (6) Criminal damage (10) Drugs (4) Graffiti (1) Possession of weapon (2) Public order (2) Robbery and other theft (9) Sexual offence (4) Shoplifting (8) Theft from the person (1) Vehicle crimes (13) Violence (8) 10

One result of Collyhurst’s continuing isolation is a rise in crime which, in turn, has led to a rise in negative attitudes – arguably in a somewhat prejudiced manner – towards the area. Collyhurst has experienced a spectacular fall from grace: having buzzed with activity at the centre of the Mancunian industrial revolution, having been a provider of employment, habitation and leisure for thousands, it has become one of the parts of Manchester people actively avoid.

Most of the inhabitants are low income families and the council give them little attention. The area does actually feel quite dangerous when you experience it, with abandoned buildings and towering social housing blocks in poor condition. In 2010, the new government cancelled The Collyhurst scheme. The social housing development scheme was going to cost £252 million, making it one of the largest projects in the country. On the other hand, there are signs all over Collyhurst saying that they are “delivering on their promises” or “Winners of the Community Housing Award”. This is in strong contrast with the actual condition of Collyhurst and this is visible when walking around the area. The people of Collyhurst are not content with their living conditions and are aware that they are being neglected.

The most prominent form of crime along the Collyhurst area is anti-social behaviour. There is no evil intent, this is a petty form of crime, showing that people are not getting what they want from the current system so they resort to theft and violence.

Our group actually experienced this first hand on one of our site visits.

We obviously looked like well-to-do students not from this area, so three locals addressed us in aggressive manner asking of our business there and even tried to rob us. Luckily we were able to get away relatively unscathed. In hindsight it seems that we were intruders in their desolate little island of Collyhurst, and these young men might have felt threatened on some level by our coming there to take pictures and analyse.

Hands-on Experience

11

Generally, global islands can be split into two groups; those geographically islandified and those whose politic

There are many reasons why the phenomenon of ‘country with country’ may arise: religion (in the case of the vatican), vice (as with monaco) or the abolishen of tax (the major pull force behind the population boom of andorra).

There may also be a deeper, more firmly grounded, reason for a border forming within a country. In the context of Alaska the divide is not only between Alaska And the United States but also in the land of natives and oil barons.

Islands Although it would seem that geographically-dislocated islands have a greater level of independance, in many examples the contrary is actually true. A history of global empires and land battles has left a state of play in which many ‘nations’ lack independance, or - as is the case in Ireland - the country is split into those wishing to self-govern and others who favour existance under the unbrella of ‘united’ cluster of countries.

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cal, or socio-economic choices have rendered them land-locked while still disconnected from their immediate neighbours.

Alaska

cuba

ireland

isle of man andorra vatican guam

tortola

santa cruz monaco

ibiza 13

Cuba’s initiative has been an inspiration for our vision of Collyhurst early on. In looking at islands, self-sufficiency was a prominent theme. When the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba lost its major trading partner and hit “peak oil”, meaning that oil and food supplies became scarce - urban agricultural movement sprung from a need to survive.

Havana

The socialist regime brought people together, preaching togetherness. We propose to bring people of Collyhurst together through digital revolution. We want to bring in technological industry to create employment and boost education.

Here, urban agriculture will encourage community interaction and take Collyhurst one step further to being self-sufficient.

1953-59 Socialist revolution in 1962 Cuba led by Fidel Castro.

Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuba becomes ally of USSR.

1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion: CIA backed operation to overthrow Castro’s left wing government.

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1985 Gorbachev comes to power in USSR: Cuban/Soviet relations decline with Gorbachev’s market economy reforms.

1972 Cuba becomes a member of COMECON, an economic organisation of socialist economies run by USSR.

ORGANIC FARMING

Bay of Pigs

CUBA No chemicals used in:

1991 Fall of the USSR: Cuba loses their major trading partner.

Cuba hits “peak oil” - crisis.

1989 Increasingly diffcult for USSR to sustain Cuba as the Soviet economy was failing: Cuban urban agricultural movement.

2001 20061999 Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural workforce workforce workforce in Havana: in Havana: in Havana: 23000.

44000.

9000.

1998-2001 - Chemicals used in the production of potatoes, tomatoes, onions and tobacco reduced by:

Religion

Vice

Tax Free

The Vatican sits in the heart of the Italian capital, Rome. It sits in the global religious capital for the catholic faith and acts a major pilgrimage site for believers. It is completely independent of Rome and Italy in terms of governance, law and economy despite being completely surrounded by Rome.

The combination of high-velocity, gambling and abolished income tax makes the area a haven for those looking to make and maintain a quick buck; creating a city of vice.

Due to the law permitting no payment of tax for citizens, Andorra has developed into a global site for conserving one’s assets. Many people declare as citizens of Andorra but do not actually live there therefore creating estrangement.

Vatican

Monaco

Andorra

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WORK

ETHNICITY

INTERESTS

SOCIAL CLASS

LOCATION

RELIGION

COMMUNITY

In 2010, prior to the fateful elections that put an end to the long-expected housing scheme, Mary Armstrong, chairman of the Irk Valley Residents’ Association, claimed that the community is strong and that 80% of residents would stay in the area if their homes were replaced. Indeed, it is evident that there is a feeling of belonging and of togetherness in the area. And yet, even if the existing community is strong, it does not make it a successful one. From the high crime rates and the distinct lack of facilities and opportunities for the residents, it is clear that something needs to be done to turn these conditions around and make the area liveable and welcoming.

After asking ourselves “what makes a community?” and “what is the difference between a successful and dysfunctional communities?”, we concluded that at the heart of a good community, there is always an idea i.e. sustainable living, interest in literature or local films, passion for graphic design etc. These communities are always formed willingly, purely out of the interest of the people involved.

In contrast, communities that are formed because of social conditions, like in social housing estates, or even prisons, can never be a functioning part of the larger society even if they are strong within themselves. These communities unite not around a single purpose but rather their separation from the rest of the world.

UNSUCCESSFUL SUCCESSFUL

VOLUNTARY

ARTIFICIALLY CREATED/FORCED 17

from Einsteins second law of thermodynamics it is proven that a particle system, however closely bonded, will undergo the process of entropy - BUT only up to the point where thermodynamic equilibrium is reached.

bonded system

Entropy underway

‘Ordered anarchy’ pertains to the image of a society that has been left to the people. It shows a clear distinction between the political anarchic regime of the new leaders, and the view that chaos has ensued. As rophe states; it is merely the description of a state which has opted for “spontaneous over commanded order”

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eQUILIBRIUM REACHED

Wilhelm Rophe uses the global economy as an examplar phenomenon to signify that, if left to its own devices a community does not fall into chaotic disrepair, but rather develops an unconcious system whereby all of the elements mesh and form cohesion.

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Christiania, Copenhagen: an Economic Case Study

Denmark

Copenhagen

Christiania

Christiania is a small neighbourhood in central Copenhagen, Denmark’s capital city. The area was originally a military barracks, before becoming abandoned in the late 1960s. Officially described by Danish authorities as a hippy commune, Christiania is now home to a large community that has continued to grow since the Free Town’s founders squatted on the land in 1971.

950

400

iNHABITANTS

bUILDINGS

34

HECTARES

“The aim of Christiania is to create a self-governing society whereby each and every individual holds themselves responsible for the wellbeing of the entire community. Our society is to be economically self-sustaining and, as such, our aspiration is to be steadfast in our conviction that psychological and physical pollution can be averted.”

The Charter of Christiania

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Christiania Global Budget Christiania

Christiania has to generate money which it can reinvest in itself. The money is collected in a global budget; from there it is spent on a number of projects to improve the Free Town.

Employed?

Local businesses must pay an annual rent into the global budget. Due to the small number of businesses running in Christiania – the majority of the community continue to work outside the neighbourhood in Copenhagen – this rent provides only 30% of the global budget each year; the other 70% is funded by residents.

85%

15%

No

Yes

Inside Christiania

Annual Rent

Outside Christiania

Residents’ Payments

Yes

Model Resident

30%

70%

Global Budget

No

Shamed in Christiania’s Newspaper

Although Christiania has no police-like authority, its inhabitants have a strong sense of community and are, in the most part, happy to contribute to the global budget. Those who do not are listed in the local newspaper and encouraged to either pay or move out. Those who have never missed a payment are proudly labelled ‘model residents.’

Our manifesto must learn from the example set by Christiania. Although many of the Free Town’s principles differ vastly from those we plan to implement in Collyhurst, it does show that financial stability can be achieved with a strong sense of community. The people of Christiania know that the global budget will be spent on improving their neighbourhood, and so it is in their own interest to donate part of their income.

This is an idea which is fundamental to the success of our vision for Collyhurst.

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Sustainable communities Bed zed

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Findhorn

Poundbury

Objective: High-tech Location: London, UK Size: 82 residences

Objective: Eco-social rural development Location: Pineridge, Scotland Size: 61 buildings

Objective: Traditional town from scratch Location: outskirts of Dorchester, England Size: 1500 residents

Bed Zed is a brownfield development that has achieved energy and water efficiency by using sustainable and local materials as well as cutting edge technologies. It attracts young professionals that want both lifestyle and sustainable living. Green transport plan promotes walking and cycling, reducing resident’s reliance on cars.

Findhorn Eco village is an experimental architectural community project, and the main aim is to demonstrate a sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic terms. Democracy is a shared value.

Findhorn has a community owned wind farm, organic food production and its own currency named Eko.

Poundbury is synthesis of traditional architecture and modern town planning, where people can live and work in close proximity. It aims to provide high-quality environment, from the architecture to the selection of materials, to the signposts, and the landscaping. Intended to be walkable but still has high car usage.

People use digital means of communication to form social circles that often have very little to do with their actual physical realities. Social media enables them to maintain fairly close relationships with people on the other side of the globe if need be.

Communities are formed around computer-based entertainment such as gaming. These have a strict set of rules and a strong ideological core - the game itself. Virtual realities play major roles in lives of people involved.

At the moment not only are computers and internet used for entertainment but also to produce work and maintain networks of professional contacts.

People can produce, buy, and sell on an international level ever easier and ever faster.

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Mixed use residential, business and leisure areas Urban gardens and open green space Moat and river Irk 25

Group supergraphic Past, present and future timeline of irk valley

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PROGRAMME STATEMENT There is a definite need to revolutionise how the people of Collyhurst live. Our manifesto addresses the issue quite broadly. What is needed is to change their way of life and bring them into the 21st century with information based employment.

A place in Collyhurst where anyone who feels threatened can go to to feel safe. A place to produce organic food for the community.

A place where you can connect with the rest of the world. A place where troubled youths can be taken off the streets. A place where people can meet and exTo do so, one must start with the change ideas. Someone’s home. youth, notably those who are troubled and heading for a life of The strive towards a crime free crime. and oil free society.

GOOD HEALTH

OIL ORGANIC FOOD

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FREE NO

CRIME

The programme for this build- A safehouse, a growhouse, a ing will be a youth centre where family house. youth can go and be shielded from crime. Also, the area can achieve a certain degree of independence by growing their own.

PROGRAMME DIAGRAM

INDEPENDENCE

SUSTAINABLE

DIGITAL 29

VIOLENCE PREVENTION THROUGH URBAN UPGRADING Khayelitsha was founded in 1986 as a way for the local authority to concentrate the black population at the periphery of Cape Town. No industry, no economy in the area means poor health conditions and high violent crime rates.

It is in this context that the Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading project began, using social engagement and town planning to fight crime.

Their aim is to achieve an integrated society by implementing situational, social and institutional crime prevention measures.

A series of “active boxes” are placed along main pedestrian routes, open 24 hours a day to allow unquestioned access. Community “sub-centres” are being planned and built, including businesses that create employment opportunities, and open, public places and schools for sports and recreation.

Residents are involved in upgrading their areas.

Collyhurst suffers from high crime rates so a similar method can be applied. What Collyhurst needs is building that anyone who feels threatened can access with facilities for youth to seek help, to practice sport and to play safely. A series of these buildings spread over Collyhurst, reducing crime throughout the area.

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1. Community Hall: renovated into loveLife Youth Centre and offices for organisations 2. Live-Work Units: 8 units with groundfloor workshop and first floor flat so user can protect workplace and square 3. Business Hub: 15 shops for local businesses, bakery/cafe, boxing gym 4. Active Box: Three storey building containing offices, a caretaker’s flat and a patrol room 5. Multi-purpose building: Library, Early Childhood Resource Development Centre, experimental learning facility, caretaker’s flat and offices

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SAFE BOXES In response to the Greater Manchester Police’s crime maps and unfortunate events on site, it seems necessary to create a safe environment for Collyhurst and come up with a solution to reduce the crime rate.

This building will be designed with this in mind, a place people can freely access if they ever feel threatened, similar to what was implemented in Khayelitsha.

In order to create a safe environment, a system needs to be put in place so that when a person in danger enters the building, they can isolate themselves temporarily if need be. This can be for psychological reasons or because of an iminent threat.

It is in this mindset that the idea of “safe boxes” arose. Indeed, at the entrance of the building will be a series of “safe boxes” where a person in danger can go into and lock themselves in before entering the communal space of the building. Within these “safe boxes”, one can talk to someone on an interphone with a direct line to the police if need be. They can then enter the communal space whenever they feel ready.

Combined with the youth counselling scheme, this will have reduced the crime rate of Collyhurst dramatically.

Therefore, it will no longer be needed which calls for a temporal building, evolving over time.

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COLLYHURST

SAFE BOX

COMMUNAL SPACE

COLLYHURST

SAFE BOX

COMMUNAL SPACE

COLLYHURST

SAFE BOX

COMMUNAL SPACE

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URBAN GARDEN After the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba lost its main trading partner and went through great hardships as a consequence. Most capitalist countries aligned with the United States refused to trade with Cuba. This meant that Cuba suffered from oil and food shortages, being the first country in the world to experience a phenomenon called “peak oil”.

To fight starvation, the Cuban people started growing their own food in the city. This was the start of the urban agricultural movement called “Organopónicos” in Cuba. Soon, there were urban farms all over Cuba’s major cities, blurring the lines between urban and rural.

Any unused spaces would be put to use as agricultural settlements. Feelings of togetherness arose from co-operation in this desperate time.

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Similar initiatives can be seen all over the world, in this time when “peak oil” is quickly becoming a reality and our way of living is becoming increasingly unsustainable. For example, in Detroit, Mark Covington began the Georgia Street Community Gardens project as an individual initiative. Detroit is 370km2 and used to serve two million people when the automobile industry was thriving in the area. Since industry relocated to countries where labour is cheapest, Detroit’s population has shrunk back to 700 thousand in this enormous city. Mark Covington noticed that people were leaving, going out of business and the ones left behind were choosing medicine over food or vice versa. This is why he started the Georgia Street project, to bring food to the community.

It is this type of initiative that Collyhurst needs to be a part of in order to achieve independence and sustainable, comfortable living. This can be achieved if the people of Collyhurst have Mark Covington’s attitude. An urban farm will be a major part of the building’s programme as a community effort. Two caretakers with a similar attitude as Mark Covington will be in charge of the farm, and most of the work will be undertaken by volunteering members of the community. There is possibility for this farm to expand aswell when the safe house function is no longer needed.

Mark Covington at Georgia Street Community Gardens

“Agriculture not only gives riches to a nation, but the only riches she can call her own” -Samuel Johnson

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PROGRAMME TIMELINE

36

37

PROGRAMME: YOUTH CENTRE/URBAN FARM

COLLYHURST

USERS

ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS

CARETAKER

BIKES & ELECTRIC VEHICLES

OIL FREE ZONE

COMMUNITY

URBAN FARM

ORGANIC FOOD

YOUTH

SPORTS & RECREATION

GOOD HEALTH

YOUTH COUNSELLING

CRIME FREE ZONE

RE-USE DIAGRAM D FO O

PRIVATE

Reception

Bedroom

Communal area

Bathroom

Restaurant

Kitchen

Youth counciling centre

Living room/dining room

Play area

Staff room

Sports fields

Urban farm

..

.

LS

EE

,P

S ER OV FT LE

ORGANIC RESTAURANT

PUBLIC

URBAN FARM

ORGANIC WASTE

Internet cafe

L

I SO

TIM E

IRRIGATION

RIVER IRK ORGANIC COMPOST

Bicycle hub Toilet

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Considering the programme’s temporal nature, the building has to be able to adapt to changing circumstances with the lives of its users once different goals have been reached. The main outputs are: - Oil free zone - Organic food - Good health - Crime free zone These outputs are achieved at different stages of the buildings life. Hopefully, a relatively crime free zone can be achieved within 10 years and the safe house function will no longer be needed. The materials that were used to reinforce the building can be used to extend the agricultural farm into an animal farm with the construction of barns.

ADJACENCY DIAGRAM

There is a need for two caretakers to maintain the building and occupy it 24 hours a day so that it is always accessible. They will live within the building and occupy the public space whilst having sufficient private space that can adapt to a changing lifestyle.

The urban farm will be worked on by voluntary members of the communauty. They will be trained on site and catered to by the building itself. Part of the food produced will go to the cafeteria whilst most of it will go back to the communauty for free, which is the incentive for people to volunteer.

Youth counselling will get troubled youths off the streets and will give them an opportunity to succeed. The sports centre will allow the whole community to come together.

PUBLIC

PERMANENT

ENTRANCE

PRIVATE

TEMPORARY

ADJACENCY 39

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT SPATIAL CONFIGURATION IN SECTION MASTER BEDROOM BATHROOM BALCONY

MASTER BEDROOM BATHROOM BALCONY

BEDROOMS OFFICE TOILET

BEDROOMS OFFICE TOILET

SQUASH COURTS ROOF PATROL AREA

YOUTH COUNSELLING GYM FREE INTERNET CAFE OFFICE

LIVING ROOM/ DINING ROOM KITCHEN

RECEPTION COMMUNAL SPACE STAFF ROOM & STORAGE SAFE BOXES FARM STORAGE

BIKE HUB

LIVING ROOM/ DINING ROOM KITCHEN

CAFETERIA KITCHEN & STORAGE

FARM SHOP & TRAINING

FIRST, SECOND & THIRD FLOORS FLOW DIAGRAMS GYM

YOUTH COUNSELLING

SQUASH COURTS

OFFICE

PATROL ROOF AREA

YOUTH COUNSELLING INTERNET CAFE LIVING ROOM/ DINING ROOM KITCHEN

40

MASTER BEDROOM BATHROOM BALCONY

BEDROOMS OFFICE TOILET

LIVING ROOM/ DINING ROOM KITCHEN

BEDROOM OFFICE TOILET

MASTER BEDROOM BATHROOM BALCONY

GROUND FLOOR FLOW DIAGRAM

URBAN FARM

FARM STORAGE

STAFF ROOM & STORAGE CAFETERIA BIKE HUB RECEPTION

SPORTS FACILITIES PLAY AREA RECREATIONAL

KITCHEN & STORAGE COMMUNAL SPACE

FARM SHOP & TRAINING SAFE BOXES

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LOCATION AREAS OF INTEREST MAP

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For the safe house to work in reducing crime in Collyhurst, they need to be spread accross Collyhurst so that one is accessible at all times. This design will be the model for others to come all over Collyhurst.

Here, we have mapped where crime has been reported in the past two months, where the existing schools are and where the main routes are and how busy they are. From this, areas of interest have been extrapolated where a safe house youth centre could be.

All of these sites have the potential to have a safe house youth centre. In fact, an interconnected network of safe houses can be built if there is one on each site. This network has been graphically represented above.

The next step is to go on each site and see which one is the optimal one for this project. The only difference is one.

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SITE SITE 1

PROS: NO IMPORTANT FUNCTION ON SITE CONS: NO COMMUNITY UNFAVOURABLE TERRAIN ON THE PERIPHERY

SITE 2

PROS: LARGE WORKABLE SITE EMPTY CONS: DESOLATE NO COMMUNITY HIDDEN

SITE 3

PROS: LARGE WORKABLE SITE ELEVATED & NOTICEABLE WORKING COMMUNITY CONS: EXISTING PUBLIC GREEN INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

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SITE 4

PROS: LARGE WORKABLE SITE ELEVATED & NOTICEABLE WORKING COMMUNITY CONS: EXISTING PUBLIC GREEN INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

SITE 5

PROS: RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY NEAR RIVER NEAR ROAD CONS: LONG AND NARROW SITE UNFAVOURABLE TERRAIN

SITE 6

PROS: LARGE WORKABLE SITE MIXED COMMUNITY CONS: EXISTING PUBLIC GREEN REGENERATION GREEN HIDDEN 45

SITE SITE 7

PROS: LARGE WORKABLE SITE MIXED COMMUNITY ON MAJOR ROUTE NOTICEABLE CONS: EXISTING PUBLIC GREEN

Of all the sites selected, this site is the most eligible for this particular project because it is the most accessible and noticeable one, being on Rochdale Road, a major circulation vein within Collyhurst. The large surface area of ..... is ample for the programme’s needs and vegetation is already growing there so the land is fertile.

There is a vibrant community around the site, with busy residential areas, a nearby religious community and places of work and leisure all along Rochdale Road. This is a strong site for this specific programme and it will thrive best on this site.

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ONE POSSIBILITY...

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SITE ORGANISATION

KEY

48

B

Build

S F

Sports Fields

U F

Urban Farm

Rochdale Road

49

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE PLAN 50

1:500

51

YEARLY PRECIPITATION

YEARLY TEMPERATURE

SUNRISE, SUNSET, DAWN & DUSK TIMES GRAPH

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

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Pooler, M. (2010) “Residents Left To Languish In “Disgusting” Houses As Government Axes Social Housing Development In Collyhurst”. Manchester Mule [online][Accessed on 16 October 2013] http://manchestermule.com/article/residents-left-to-languish-in-%E2%80%9Cdisgusting%E2%80%9D-houses-asgovernment-axes-social-housing-development-in-collyhurst

The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil, 2006. Film. Directed by Faith Morgan. USA: AlchemyHouse Productions Inc. Richard A. Crooker, (2005) Cuba. Infobase Publishing. pp. 40–49.

Knoot, S. (2009) “The Urban Agriculture of Havana”, The Monthly Review [online][Accessed on 23 October 2013] http:// monthlyreview.org/2009/01/01/the-urban-agriculture-of-havana Peabody (2013) BedZed [online][Accessed 06 November 2013] http://www.peabody.org.uk/about-us/sustainability/ case-study-bedzed Poundbury (2013) Homepage [online][Accessed 06 November 2013] http://www.poundbury.org.uk/Content/default.asp Findhorn Foundation (No date) Findhorn Ecovillage [online][Accessed 06 November 2013] http://www.findhorn.org/ aboutus/ecovillage/ecovillage-at-findhorn/#.UpJyz8Th355 Findhorn Ecovillage (No date) Ecovillage Findhorn: New Frontiers for Sustainability [online][Accessed 06 November 2013] http://www.ecovillagefindhorn.com/ World Atlas (No date) Vatican Time Line Chronological Timetable of Events [online][Accessed 22 November 2013] http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/vatican/vatimeln.htm BBC News (2013) Andorra Profile - Timeline [online][Accessed 22 November 2013] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17028396 BBC News (2013) Monaco Profile - Timeline [online][Accessed 22 November 2013] http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17028396

Urbanized, 2011. Film. Directed by Gary Hustwit. USA: Swiss Dots.

Coester, M. Marks, E. (2009) International Perspectives of Crime Prevention 3: Contributions from the 3rd Annual International Forum 2009 chapter on “Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa: Achievements and Trends of a Bilateral Financial Cooperation Programme”. Norderstedt: Forum Verlag Godesberg GmbH pp. 67-90

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