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INTERLOCK YOUTH CENTRE & URBAN FARM IN COLLYHURST MAXIME DOWNE
INTRODUCTION Atelier 3xD Atelier 3xD looks at the urban environment, at what users want and expect from public and private space, and at how careful design can enhance the users experience of their urban environment. It is therefore about using design to endow urban form with qualities such as privacy, security, safety, belonging, defensibility, sustainability, or protection of the user and the environment. The architect of urban form uses physical design and ownership to alter impressions and perceptions and thus enhance these desirable qualities. Of course, the particular qualities chosen will depend on the use the land is put to, and will change as one traverses between public to private domains. The role of the architect here is to invent or use suitable features to add value to the user experience and to create positive attitudes and feelings of wellbeing. This project : Collyhurst urban revitalization For this project, the atelier focused on urban revitalization. We were looking for areas of Manchester that seem to have become disconnected, both physically and socially, from the rest of the city. The territory found for investigation was the River Irk and the valley of the Irk. This river flows from Royton through Manchester’s northern suburbs to the City Centre where it merges with the River Irwell. The Irk suffers from many disconnections: a disconnected river, a disconnected valley, a disconnected environment, a disconnected industrial history, a disconnected community, with a disconnecting future. The River Irk passes through a suburb of Manchester called Collyhurst. Collyhurst is 2.5 kilometres to the North East of Manchester city centre. Two ma jor roads pass through Collyhurst: the A664 Rochdale Road and the A62 Oldham Road. Investigation of the problems of Collyhurst This project begins by investigating the particular problems of Collyhurst. These stem from its history of sheer neglect. The river became heavily polluted and culveted in the course of the industrial revolution. The area suffers from poor social housing conditions. Whilst Collyhurst is close to the city centre geographically, Manchester has grown further and further apart from it economically and socially. Though the city council advertises its investment in the area, it is visible that nothing is being done. The situation that the inhabitants are in is worsening. The area is ripe for urban renewal. The question here is about the best strategy for that renewal: should we be reconnecting Collyhurst to Manchester or further disconnecting it in a positive way in order to surpass the rest of the city and create a haven for its residents? This investigation brings us to the aims of this project. Looking at the qualities desirable for the residents of Collyhurst, the project aims to create a crime-free, pollution-free, independent and healthy society in Collyhurst. This is expressed in the group manifesto. A manifesto for Collyhurst and its development into portfolio and programmes From the manifesto, we can extrapolate a portfolio of works, of which one programme is the development of a hybrid Urban Farm/Youth Centre. To achieve this, we zoom into the area of Collyhurst to find a site suitable for our masterplan and on which we can then develop a concept design for the Urban Farm / Youth Centre. This concept focuses on bringing back the youth and addressing the needs of young people with a view to integrating them into the community. The shape of the chosen site and its intended user base of young people, inspires a practical design concept based on a 3D jigsaw.
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RESOLUTION The Resolution part of the portfolio consists of a set of drawings and visuals which communicate the final resolved scheme.
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CONTENT
1 SUMMARIES Pamphlet summary Portfolio summary
2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT Model development Tectonic axonometric Steel frame atrium Environmental analysis
3 DRAWINGS Masterplan Floor plans Roof plan Elevations Sections Structural detail Site as proposed Materiality Interior spaces Lightbox
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1 SUMMARIES
PAMPHLET SUMMARY In the 19th century, the industrial revolution transformed Manchester. It grew into one of the world’s most influential cities. Its cotton mills employed vast numbers of people and exported their produce across the globe. Collyhurst, with its dozens of machineries, mills and works sitting on the Irk’s powerful back, was a hive of industrial activity. Over time, the UK’s economy has changed: traditional industry still exists, but on a far smaller scale. Large scale employment here has shifted to digital industry. While many of the country’s cities and towns have developed and adapted to these changes, there still exist areas of post-industrial desolation. Collyhurst, despite its close proximity to Manchester’s centre, is one such area. It is stranded between the cosmopolitan city centre of Manchester, ethnically diverse Cheetham Hill and more respectable residential areas. The shift towards digital innovation has not taken place there and therefore the whole area has fallen into disrepair. Collyhurst’s southern end is dominated by car parks that occupy post-industrial landscapes waiting to be put to more permanent use. Standing amongst these historically rich, yet currently insignificant spaces, a clear juxtaposition is visible: a look back to the city displays a rich, glass and steel skyline – the high rise markers of a digital age. They seem to sneer provocatively, laughing at Collyhurst’s unused spaces and uninhabited factories.
1890
1960
Plainly, Collyhurst has been left behind. What was once a strong limb, a crucial piece in the city’s great whole, has been wounded by the movements in industry. Collyhurst has dropped back from a pack striding on towards economic power, and now, showing its age, lies isolated.
40 10 11 18
29 9
Collyhurst at its peak: industrially powerful and home to thousands of workers. Machineries and mills line the Irk’s banks, while an abundance of churches, schools and places of leisure cater for the large population.
Post-industrial peak, predigital boom. Collyhurst continues to rely on machineries and mills to generate jobs and money. As the outsourcing of labour begins, so does the decline in employment. Communities decrease.
Month of August 2013 Source: Greater Manchester Police
This decline is very clear when the disappearance of community-associated buildings in the area is mapped over the course of a century.
Anti-social behaviour (54) Arson (2) Bicyle theft (2)
Christiania, Copenhagen: an Economic Case Study
Christiania Global Budget Christiania
Christiania has to generate money which it can reinvest in itself. The money is collected in a global budget; from there it is spent on a number of projects to improve the Free Town.
Employed?
Local businesses must pay an annual rent into the global budget. Due to the small number of businesses running in Christiania – the majority of the community continue to work outside the neighbourhood in Copenhagen – this rent provides only 30% of the global budget each year; the other 70% is funded by residents.
85%
15%
No
Yes Denmark
Copenhagen
Christiania
Christiania is a small neighbourhood in central Copenhagen, Denmark’s capital city. The area was originally a military barracks, before becoming abandoned in the late 1960s. Officially described by Danish authorities as a hippy commune, Christiania is now home to a large community that has continued to grow since the Free Town’s founders squatted on the land in 1971.
Inside Christiania
Annual Rent
950
400
iNHABITANTS
bUILDINGS
Outside Christiania
Residents’ Payments
34
Yes
No
HECTARES
“The aim of Christiania is to create a self-governing society whereby each and every individual holds themselves responsible for the wellbeing of the entire community. Our society is to be economically self-sustaining and, as such, our aspiration is to be steadfast in our conviction that psychological and physical pollution can be averted.” The Charter of Christiania
2013
Industry Education Religion Leisure
Model Resident
30%
70%
Global Budget
Shamed in Christiania’s Newspaper
Although Christiania has no police-like authority, its inhabitants have a strong sense of community and are, in the most part, happy to contribute to the global budget. Those who do not are listed in the local newspaper and encouraged to either pay or move out. Those who have never missed a payment are proudly labelled ‘model residents.’ Our manifesto must learn from the example set by Christiania. Although many of the Free Town’s principles differ vastly from those we plan to implement in Collyhurst, it does show that financial stability can be achieved with a strong sense of community. The people of Christiania know that the global budget will be spent on improving their neighbourhood, and so it is in their own interest to donate part of their income. This is an idea which is fundamental to the success of our vision for Collyhurst.
Burglary (6) Criminal damage (10) Drugs (4) Graffiti (1) Possession of weapon (2) Public order (2) Robbery and other theft (9) Sexual offence (4) Shoplifting (8) Theft from the person (1) Vehicle crimes (13) Violence (8)
5
15
11
3
2
12
UK economy now based more around digital rather than traditional industry. Collyhurst, still generating most of its money through traditional industry, has been left behind. The ma jority of the buildings are now residential; many of the area’s inhabitants work elsewhere in Manchester. Community-associated buildings are at an all-time low.
INDEPENDENCE
SUSTAINABLE
PAMPHLET SUMMARY
Havana
Bay of Pigs
DIGITAL PAMPHLET CONCLUDING DIAGRAM
PROGRAMME DIAGRAM
There is a need for two caretakers to maintain the building and occupy it 24 hours a day so that it is always accessible. They will live within the building and occupy the public space whilst having sufficient private space that can adapt to a changing lifestyle. The urban farm will be worked on by volunteers. They will be trained on site and catered to by the building itself. Part of the food produced will go to the cafeteria whilst most of it will go back to the community for free, which is the incentive for people to volunteer. Youth counselling will get troubled youths off the streets and will give them an opportunity to succeed. The sports centre will allow the whole community to come together.
PUBLIC
PERMANENT
ENTRANCE
PRIVATE
TEMPORARY
ADJACENCY
Cuba’s initiative has been an inspiration for our vision of Collyhurst early on. In looking at islands, self-sufficiency was a prominent theme. When the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba lost its ma jor trading partner and hit “peak oil”, meaning that oil and food supplies became scarce - urban agricultural movement sprung from a need to survive. The socialist regime brought people together, preaching togetherness. We propose to bring people of Collyhurst together through digital revolution. We want to bring in technological industry to create employment and boost education. Here, urban agriculture will encourage community interaction and take Collyhurst one step further to being self-sufficient. 1953-59 Socialist revolution in 1962 Cuba led by Fidel Castro. Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuba becomes ally of USSR.
ORGANIC FARMING CUBA No chemicals used in:
1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion: CIA backed operation to overthrow Castro’s left wing government.
1985 Gorbachev comes to power in USSR: Cuban/Soviet relations decline with Gorbachev’s market economy reforms.
1972 Cuba becomes a member of COMECON, an economic organisation of socialist economies run by USSR.
1991 Fall of the USSR: Cuba loses their major trading partner. Cuba hits “peak oil” - crisis.
1989 Increasingly diffcult for USSR to sustain Cuba as the Soviet economy was failing: Cuban urban agricultural movement.
2001 20061999 Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural workforce workforce workforce in Havana: in Havana: in Havana: 23000. 44000. 9000. 1998-2001 - Chemicals used in the production of potatoes, tomatoes, onions and tobacco reduced by:
VIOLENCE PREVENTION THROUGH URBAN UPGRADING Khayelitsha, South Africa
1. Community Hall: renovated into loveLife Youth Centre and offices for organisations
PROGRAMME TIMELINE USERS
CARETAKER
COLLYHURST
ACTIVITIES
BIKES & ELECTRIC VEHICLES
2. Live-Work Units: 8 units with groundfloor workshop and first floor flat so user can protect workplace and square OUTPUTS
3. Business Hub: 15 shops for local businesses, bakery/cafe, boxing gym
OIL FREE ZONE
4. Active Box: Three storey building containing offices, a caretaker’s flat and a patrol room
COMMUNITY
URBAN FARM
ORGANIC FOOD
YOUTH
SPORTS & RECREATION
GOOD HEALTH
YOUTH COUNSELLING
CRIME FREE ZONE
PROGRAMME CYCLE
5. Multi-purpose building: Library, Early Childhood Resource Development Centre, experimental learning facility, caretaker’s flat and offices
ADJACENCY DIAGRAM
Khayelitsha was founded in 1986 as a way for the local authority to concentrate the black population at the periphery of Cape Town. No industry, no economy in the area means poor health conditions and high violent crime rates. The aim of VPTUB is to achieve an integrated society by implementing situational, social and institutional crime prevention measures. A series of “active boxes” are placed along main pedestrian routes, open 24 hours a day to allow unquestioned access. Community “sub-centres” are being planned and built. Collyhurst suffers from high crime rates so a similar method can be applied. What Collyhurst needs is building that anyone who feels threatened can access with facilities for youth to seek help, to practice sport and to play safely. A series of these buildings spread over Collyhurst, reducing crime throughout the area.
FLAT WITH UNDERGROUND TUNNEL
1
2
3-STOREY APARTMENTS
URBAN FARM SMALL HILL
LANDSCAPE SLIGHT SLOPE
MAIN BUILDING
3
4
5
6
CAR REPAIR CENTRE
SMALL HILL HOUSES ON SITE
HOUSES
CHURNET STREET RETIREMENT SCHEME
ZONING SECTION
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY The proposed building is to be a youth centre with connecting urban farm. The youth centre will be where the youth of Collyhurst can seek refuge and be presented with opportunities before they get into a life of crime. The urban farm is run by the people of Collyhurst, for the people of Collyhurst. The concept of the building derives from the shape of the site looking like a piece of jigsaw (see above) but also it being destined for youth, to engage with them through playfulness. Inspired by Chinese puzzle games where you place shapes together in a certain way to create a purer shape. I took one of these puzzle games and tried to abstract it, firstly by decomposing it into its individual elements, then by distorting and extruding it (as seen above).
After thorough site analysis, ideas of where each component of the masterplan scheme began to emerge. This is the final outcome of the analysis, the spatial organisation on site. The greenhouse at the north of the site is part of the urban farm schemes, where vegetables needing a slightly higher temperature than the Mancunian climate can provide for optimal growth such as tomatoes and chillis. It is north of the crop field so that it can benefit from maximum solar gain with nothing shielding the south side. It also follows the pavement along the main roads (Rochdale Road and Queens Road) so as to provide a buffer for the crop fields whilst being completely transparent so that passers-by can still see understand what is happenning. The water collection unit will be a pool of water collecting and stocking rainwater over the winter and automn, placed near the greenhouse and crop fields for practical reasons because the stocked rainwater will be pumped into the greenhouse and outdoor crop fields (mainly over the summer and srping for the latter, benefitting from direct rainwater the rest of the year). The orchard provides a natural buffer between the main road and the crop fields, there are already existing trees there which do not bare fruit. Most of these will be cut down and used for the timber elements in the building and fruit trees will be replanted to supply the surrounding community with organic fruit as well as vegetables with the neighbouring crop fields. The bike hub replaces the existing car repair centre which is on the north east side of the site, south of the metrolink route which cuts through the site, going underground under the crop fields. There are houses between the urban farm to the north side of the site and the main buil and sports on the south side of the site. However there is a strip of grassland with a small hill (1.5m raise) where a landscaped connection can be considered. The main building is on the south side so as to benefit from traffic on Rochdale Road and be visible. Also, it can benefit from direct solar gain by having all of the public spaces on the far south side with the larger amount of glazing. To the south of the site, there is a public green so the southward glazing can benefit from landscaped views too. The sport facilities need to be near the main building for ease of access but also the building shields it from south the west prevailing winds
SPATIAL ORGANISATION MAP
SCHEME 1
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY The idea of the grid began by measuring out the various sizes to try and find a common denominator for the grid spacing in order to have a simple regular grid. All the space sizes seemed to be proportional to 4, so the grid originally was to be 4mx4m. Toilets Kitchen Staff room Classroom Living/dining room
Bedroom Gym Open library Offices Reading room
Games
After the sizes of the various spaces were worked out (see sketches below), a few schemes were tested with the site model and then mapped on a grid that I sketched out in context. The previous page depicts the first scheme and this one depicts the second scheme. The common theme is that the blocks representing different spaces interlock in certain areas. This scheme’s sketches were not completed due to scheme 3 & 4 becoming more prominent and taking over the design, leaving this one behind. After analysing the site, I determined where various parts of the masterplan can go. To the north of the site, the large urban farm and green house is perfect as there is a large green area. The south end of the site is more buildable and fits the building programme well. I tried out various schemes on a site model which was resolved with scheme 4, where all the services and private space (caretaker’s apartment) is on the north side and all the public areas on the south side so as to benefit from large surface glazing. In the middle, a large atrium space where the cafeteria for the urban farm will be, with communal space and the
SCHEME 3
SCHEME 2
Toilets Kitchen Staff room Classroom Living/dining room
Bedroom Gym Open library Offices Reading room
SCHEME 4 Toilets Kitchen Staff room Classroom Living/dining room
Bedroom Gym Open library Offices Reading room
Games
Games
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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SCALE 1:200
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
ATRIUM SPACE
OPEN LIBRARY
BUILDING FRONT
TECTONIC AXONOMETRIC
300mm REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS
300x300mm REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS
150x150mm STEEL SQUARE TUBING PORTAL FRAMES 150x150mm STEEL SQUARE TUBING SUPPORTING BEAMS
1000x1000mm REINFORCED CONCRETE PAD FOUNDATION BLOCKS
SCALE 1:100
STEEL FRAME ATRIUM PRIMARY STEEL PORTAL FRAMES SECONDARY STEEL SUPPORTING BEAMS FOR BRACING
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
SCALE 1:50
STEEL STRUCTURE
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
SOLAR GAIN
THERMAL MASS
VENTILATION
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3 DRAWINGS
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MASTERPLAN LOCATION PLAN
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MASTERPLAN SITE PLAN
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MASTERPLAN LONG SECTION A-A’
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FLOOR PLANS GROUND FLOOR ENTRANCE/EXIT A - Main (Rochdale Road) B - Cafeteria (sports area) C - Side (urban farm) D - Kitchen (goods & services) 1. GALLERY/EVENT SPACE 2. CAFETERIA 3. BAR/RECEPTION 4. OUTDOOR SEATING 5. LIBRARY RECEPTION 6. OPEN LIBRARY 7. STUDY BOX 8. STUDY ROOM 9. GROUP FITNESS AREA 10. GYM 11. CLASSROOM 12. READING AREA 13. OUTDOOR LEARNING AREA 14. BICYCLE RACK 15. KITCHEN 16. W.C. LOBBY 17. GENTS 18. LADIES 19. DISABLED
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FLOOR PLANS FIRST FLOOR 11. CLASSROOM 16. W.C. LOBBY 17. GENTS 18. LADIES 19. DISABLED 20. STAFF ROOM 21. ONE ON ONE COUNSELLING 22. READING ROOM 23. GAMES ROOM 24. YOUTH CENTRE OFFICE 25. INFIRMARY 26. SECURITY OFFICE/PATROL AREA
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FLOOR PLANS SECOND FLOOR 27. HALLWAY 28. BATHROOM 29. KITCHEN 30. LIVING ROOM 31. DINING ROOM 32. SINGLE BEDROOM
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FLOOR PLANS THIRD FLOOR 27. HALLWAY 28. BATHROOM 29. KITCHEN 30. LIVING ROOM 31. DINING ROOM 32. SINGLE BEDROOM 33. MASTER BEDROOM
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FLOOR PLANS FOURTH FLOOR 33. MASTER BEDROOM
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ROOF PLAN
SCALE 1:100
ELEVATIONS NORTHEAST ELEVATION
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ELEVATIONS SOUTHWEST ELEVATION
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ELEVATIONS NORTHWEST ELEVATION
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ELEVATIONS SOUTHEAST ELEVATION
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SECTIONS SITE SECTION B-B’
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SECTIONS
DETAIL SECTION A-A’
SCALE 1:50
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SECTIONS TECTONIC SECTION B-B’ 1. 20 mm CONCRETE BLOCKS 40mm HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE 40mm CAVITY DAMP PROOF COARSE 150mm WOOL INSULATION 300 mm REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF SLAB SUSPENDED PANELS (light source hiding services) 2. DOUBLE GLAZING: 2 x 8 mm TOUCHENED GLASS + 14 mm CAVITY 3. TOUGHENED GLASS RAILING BOLTED TO FLOOR SLAB 4. 20-100 mm TIMBER PLANK CLADDING 20-80 mm BATTENS 40 mm CAVITY FOR DRAINAGE DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE 100 mm WOOL INSULATION 300mm REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL & COLUMN 20-80 mm BATTENS 30-100 mm TIMBER PLANK CLADDING 5. 20 mm CONCRETE BLOCKS 40mm HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE 100mm WOOL INSULATION 150 mm REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF SLAB 6. 50mm THICK CARPET 150 mm REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF SLAB 100mm WOOL INSULATION DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE 40mm HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE 20 mm CONCRETE BLOCKS 7. 35 mm POLISHED CONCRETE FLOOR 100 mm CEMENT & SAND SCREED WITH UNDERFLOOR HEATING 16 mm FIBREBOARD 300 mm REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB + PAD FOUNDATIONS 100 mm WOOL INSULATION DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE 50 mm BLINDING LAYER 300 mm BED OF GRAVEL
SCALE 1:20
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STRUCTURAL DETAIL
SITE AS PROPOSED
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MATERIALITY
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INTERIOR SPACES
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SHELTERED WALKWAY
INTERIOR SPACES
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ATRIUM SPACE
INTERIOR SPACES
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OPEN LIBRARY
INTERIOR SPACES
CLASSROOM
APARTMENT OPEN PLAN SPACE
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GYM
LIGHTBOX
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