A Sustainable Community Development in Dubai for Emaar Developments
Holford Associates Architects, P O B o x
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Mushrif Heights
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development Site Organisation & Block Layout Sustainability Principles
Critical Sustainability Issues
Reduce Water Usage ƒ Meter all buildings / household usage display panel of daily allocation (suggested and notional) to educate households and businesses on water conservation. ƒ Grey water and rainwater harvesting storage tanks under each house and all sealed access (e.g. roadways / footpaths / carparks / roofs) ƒ /RZ ÀXVK WRLOHWV WLPHU VKRZHUV ,5 controlled taps / low water whiteware.
Ć’ Use sealed buildings only where absolutely necessary. Ć’ Double skinned external walls / thermal piles / thick walls / double glazed / insulated walls / ceilings. Ć’ Orientation to minimise sun exposure on long walls of buildings. Ć’ Use of courtyards, narrow streets, provide wind tunnels across site. Ć’ Allow for wind turbines / PV panels / solar hot water heaters / grey water reuse / rainwater harvesting.
Reduce Energy Use Ć’ Specify ‘green’ household and commercial business equipment / ZKLWHZDUH ,7 HTXLSPHQW Ć’ Specify ‘green’ lighting throughout, timers and proximity switches throught out. Ć’ Provide solar heating panels for hot water usage. Ć’ 5HGXFH UHOLDQFH RQ DLUFRQGLWLRQLQJ E\ JRRG VLWH DQG DUFKLWHFWXUDO planning.
Optimise Site Planning and Orientation Ć’ Provide hard exoskeleton with buildings / roads and road / landscape berms. Ć’ Provide soft centre with green areas, parks, water features, etc. to reduce heat build up to middle of development (optimal for community use / recreation sports etc.) Ć’ 0LQLPDO YHKLFXODU WUDIÂżF WR FHQWUH RI VLWH RSWLPDO SHGHVWULDQ use.
Reduce Heat Build Up ƒ Shade buildings behind each other using landscaping / overhangs / screens. ƒ Use thermal mass in external walls to reduce conduction. ƒ Use double walls in external walls to reduce conduction. ƒ 5HGXFH H[SRVHG URR¿QJ URDGZD\V ÀDW H[WHUQDO ZDOOV VHDOHG skins / single glazing.
Optimise Local Geographic Features ƒ Make use of physical features of site. Build around mound, orientation axis to main entry points, follow contours for building OD\RXW XVH HDUWK IRU VKDGLQJ PRXQG DQG RSWLPLVH ZLQG ÀRZV Optimise Social Integration
Reduce Roading ƒ 0LQLPLVH URDGV DERYH JURXQG 5RDGV WR EH RSWLPDO ZLGWKV DQG minimum runs. ƒ &KDQJH VHDO WR OLJKW FRORXUHG FKLS ¿QLVK WR UHGXFH KHDW EXLOG up and reduce electrical night lighting requirements due to high UHÀHFWDQFH ƒ Optimise / centralise carparking access to reduce CO2 emissions by reducing road lengths and intelligent turn areas / lane use. Optimise Passive Technologies ƒ Long overhangs to maximise shade on external walls. ƒ Use of screens to shield external walls from sun. ƒ 2SWLPLVH DLU ÀRZ IRU KHDW H[WUDFWLRQ IURP EXLOGLQJV ZLQG WRZHUV
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Mixed-use Community Facilities
Each zone to include selection of mixed use community facilities (see spreadsheet); ƒ park and recreation areas ƒ employment opportunities ƒ commercial ƒ retail ƒ small scale industries ƒ food production ƒ information technology ƒ residential activities ƒ villas ƒ apartments ƒ studios ƒ townhouses ƒ low rise ƒ medium rise (8 stories max) ƒ education ƒ nursery ƒ playgroups ƒ kindergarten ƒ primary schools ƒ intermediate schools ƒ secondary schools ƒ community education ƒ health ƒ clinics ƒ surgery ƒ outpatient services ƒ consulting rooms ƒ recreation ƒ open space ƒ organised activities (exterior) ƒ organised activities (interior) ƒ clubrooms ƒ religious ƒ mosques ƒ churches ƒ prayer areas
Medium Density
1 Low Density
3 High / Open Density
Medium Density
4
5
6
High Density Low Density
Community overall development to be considered as an integral unit, and all parts of spreadsheet activities to be provided.
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
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Holford Associates April 2009
Mixed-use Communities USE ACTIVITIES PARK EMPLOYMENT Commercial 5HWDLO D 6PDOO E 0HGLXP F /DUJH ,QGXVWULDO 0DQXIDFWXULQJ Construction Automotive ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ Food Production RESIDENTIAL - Mixed Use - Villa - Apartments - Studio 7RZQKRXVHV - Hotels EDUCATION - Nursery - Kindergarten - Primary School ,QWHUPHGLDWH 6FKRRO - Secondary School - Baccalaureatte - Junior High School - High School - Polytech - University - Adult & Community Educaton HEALTH - Clinics &RQVXOWDQWV 5RRPV - Offices - Outpatient Services - Surgery - Ambulance Services - Emergency Clinic RECREATION 2UJDQLVHG 6SRUWV ,QWHUQDO
- Organised Sports (External) - Active Non organised recreation (walking/joging/orienteering) -Non Active/nion organised recreation (birdwatchiing/painting/picnic area's) RELIGION - Mosque - Church - Prayer Area
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Zone 1: Low Density
Zone : Zone 3: Medium Density High Density
Zone 4: Zone 5: Medium Density Low Density
Zone 6: COMMEN High Density
3
3
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Site Planning and Orientation
Site Organisation Organise site with local landmarks formed by signature green buildings or elements as a way of emphasising the ‘green’ basis for the community. Landmarks to lie on key axis or axis intersections and arranged to optimise public and community use and interaction. Soft Green Core / Hard Outer Shell Provide a hard exterior to protect the soft inner core. Locate buildings and roadways to the outside of the site and centralise parks / walkways to the interior. Link all areas and zones to the soft inner core with ‘green connector’ walkways / cycle ways. Provide numerous opportunities for play / rest / seating / discussion / meeting to facilitate social and community interaction along the green connectors. Site Organisation Optimise North / South layout of buildings to minimise heat build up from heating building walls.
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Mixed-use Community
1
Mosques
2
Library
3
Community Sports Club
4
Community Centre (eldery care / childcare)
5
Youth Centre
6
Art Gallery / Cafes
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8
Church / Prayer
5 3
1
7 8
4 6
2 1
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Low Density: Zone 1
1
low density residential zone
2
mosque
3
clubrooms
4
sports
5
nursery
6
kindergarten
7
school
8
adult education
9
gallery / cafĂŠ
10
park
10
7
1
3
6 5
8
4
3 1 2
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
9
Low Density: Zone 1
Stormwater / Grey Water Harvesting Capturing and retaining rain water for localized cooling and landscape use. Green Passive Technologies Employed ƒ Landscaping and building shading to reduce convection heat. ƒ Greater green surfaces; less concrete / asphalt surfaces to reduce heat catchement. ƒ µ*UHHQ 5RDGV¶ WR UHGXFH KHDW LVODQG HIIHFW RI EODFN WRS URDGV and ambient heat build up. ƒ Light coloured chip to increase luminance energy and reduce street lighting requirements. ƒ Building orientation to reduce exposure to direct sun on long side walls and reduce heat absorption / convection. High Value Community Changes the ratio of built space to green space to provide greater emphasis on green elements and less emphasis on maximising number RI SORWV SHU KHFWDUH WR LQFUHDVH WKH QXPEHU RI VDOHDEOH SORWV ,QVWHDG create a high value community, with optimal green spaces, recreation parks, community facilities including art galleries, sports club rooms, sports facilities, community halls, schools, preschools etc.
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Site Cross Sections
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
HIG CRO H DE SS SE NIST CT IO Y N
Cross Section Through Site Edge
Conservation ƒ ORZ ÀXVK WRLOHWV ƒ showers on timers ƒ WDSV RQ ,5 VZLWFKHV ƒ water conserving laundry appliances ƒ grey water landscape watering ƒ household water storage tank ƒ metres on each household supply for usage monitoring ƒ household display panels showing water allocation and current usage Harvesting ƒ grey water storage tanks to each household ƒ storm / rainwater harvesting (catchment tanks under raods and footpaths) ƒ ultraviolet and primary stage treatment for water reuse
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Community space landscaping module Noise barrier privacy berm
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
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Private landscape module
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Bicycle way and roadway with rainwater harvesting (shaded with high growth palms)
Holford Associates April 2009
Cross Section AA Through Low Density Zone Green Buffer 3URYLGH P KLJK HDUWK EHUP WR GHĂ&#x20AC;HFW PRWRUZD\ QRLVH IURP UHVLGHQWLDO development. Plant with ground cover and 12-15m high arid region specimen trees. Green Berm Provide landscape berm to edge of all roading - setback housing to alleviate road noise. Landscape berm with 0-2.5m high trees and 9m high specimen trees to shade buildings. High Value Community Use light coloured chip seal to reduce heat build up in roadways (reduced FRQGXFWLRQ DQG UDGLDWLRQ WR UHGXFH LVODQG HIIHFW ,QFUHDVHG OXPLQDQFH at night requires reduced street lamps / electrical loading reduces power consumption for public utilities in development / transformer sizing etc. Site Planning Locate green soft inside to development and provide harder exoskeleton to provide a cooler interior public space for recreation / passive / lifestyle activities. Building on the outside; green grass landscaping on the inside to facilitate pedestrian / bikeways and activities for sport / family times. 5HGXFH LQWHUQDO YHKLFXODU DFFHVV WR SDUN JUHHQ DUHDV Stormwater / Grey Water Harvesting Provide catchment ponds / lakes for stormwater / grey water harvesting of public utilities and to compliment private household catchements. *5((1 52$' *5((1 52$':$<6 *5((1 %8))(5
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Cross Section BB Through High Density Zone
Building Orientation and Placement Orientate and locate buildings in the high density zone to optimise north/ south buildings and street layout. Use taller buildings to shade smaller buildings in the morning sun heat build up and afternoon sun heat period. Locate buildings close together for shading. Provide additional pedestrian plazas at high level to optimise land use. Passive Energy Generation / Shade Canopies Provide pergola frame canopies at high level to partially shade public areas and as a structure for photo voltaic and wind turbines. Green Roofs $OO PXOWL VWRULHG EXLOGLQJV WR KDYH JUHHQ URRIV IRU SXEOLF XVDJH 5HGXFH heat absorption into buildings and as a catchment for stormwater. Underground Carpark and Roadways 3URYLGH D FRQWUROOHG YHKLFXODU Ă&#x20AC;RZ DURXQG GHYHORSPHQW E\ UHGXFLQJ WKH incursions into public spaces and parks. Provide underground parking and public building access roadways under parks. Services areas and plant to buildings to be located underground to facilitate access and service / maintenance and reduce power loadings.
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
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Medium Density: Zone 2
Passive Cooling ƒ shape building facade to create shade on building ƒ use landscaping to shade building ƒ venturi / wind tower effect ƒ narrow streets to allow buildings to shade each other ƒ high level (level 3) arterial pedestrian way
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Medium Density / Mixed Use: Zone 2
1
Natural Ventilation - Venturi effect to extract heat
2
Green Roof - reduce building temperature by shading roof from sun.
3
Public Plaza Level - to optimise pedestrian usage of site and covered building controlled temperatures.
4
Narrow Streets - to facilitate shading.
5
Centralised Carparking - provide underground / building carparking to reduce black top heat build up.
6
Grey Water Harvesting and Storage - for landscaping use return to potability with ultraviolet treatment.
7
Thermal Piles - produce cold water (chilled) in foundations to circulate through pipes in slabs to cool slabs and wall elements - on thermostat to regulate internal ambient temperature.
Medium Density / Mixed Use Air Column
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
High Density: Zone 3
Urban Plan Sustainability Principles ƒ maximise green space to reduce thermal footprint / heat build up ƒ shading; place buildings in a park-life enviroment ƒ abundant water in shaded areas to cool air ƒ optimise pedestrian / bikeways to reduce road seal areas (reduces heat build up from black asphalt roads) ƒ reduce energy use by using ‘green roads’ and optimise UHÀHFWDQFH DW QLJKW WR UHGXFH VWUHHW OLJKWLQJ HOHFWULFDO GUDZ ƒ optimise pedestrian park environment by sinking road underground and running park pedestrian malls over top ƒ SURYLGH RQ VLWH HQHUJ\ JHQHUDWRUV WR HQDEOH VHOI VXI¿FLHQW buildings at each point ƒ mixed use high rise (8 stories maximum) to reduce vehicle usage by residential occupants; includes hotel / residences / retail / commercial ƒ each residential block to include light retail to reduce reliance on vehicles ƒ optimise seating / casual relaxation / informal spaces for accidental communcal interaction
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
High Density: Zone 3
Passive Cooling ƒ shape building facade to create shade on building ƒ use landscaping to shade building ƒ venturi / wind tower effect ƒ narrow streets to allow buildings to shade each other ƒ high level (level 3) arterial pedestrian way
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
High Density: Zone 3
ƒ Passive cooling ƒ building shading ƒ venturi / wind tower effect ƒ landscape shading ƒ green roof
Passive Exhaust
ƒ Rainwater & grey waterharvesting
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ƒ Aerial pedestrianways
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
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Holford Associates April 2009
High Density: Zone 6
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
High Density: Zone 6
ƒ Use landscape (mound) to facilitate shading by building on North side of mound. ƒ Create internal cooled environment with atrium, which also acts as a naturally lit heat sink. ƒ 5DLQZDWHU DQG JUH\ ZDWHU KDUYHVWLQJ ƒ Venturi / wind tower effect ƒ 7KHUPDO SLOHV
Passive Exhaust
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Mushrif Green Knowledge Park
Biodiversity ƒ consolidate mound with heavy equipment ƒ cover in top soil from waste management plant ƒ plant mound with indigenous arid region plants to match natural UAE landscape ƒ mound to then act as a plant nursery and seed bank for future research and propergation.
Future green sewage and waste management plant
Future green sewage and waste management plant ‘Green’ sewage and waste management plant: byproducts = methane / water / soil nutrient fuel pellets submerged into mound
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Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Sand trap and lanscaping to catch windblown dust and sand Battery electric machine cleans sand off glass / PVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
PHASING
Others
PRE PLANNING, PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION
1.00 Identify International Business Partners - Green Technologies solar/wind/geothermal/energy conservation
- Earth Sciences *OREDO :DUPLQJ $WPRVSKHULF 2FHDQLF 6WXGLHV HWF
- Sustainability: :RUOG *UHHQ %XLOGLQJ &RXQFLO /((' %5(($0
- Green Knowledge: :RUOG *UHHQ 8QLYHUVLWLHV DQG 5HVHDUFK &UV
2.00 Build Relationships, Form Partnerships
($$$)
Form business partnerships with key activators
3.00 Green Architecture - MasterPlan ,QYHVWLJDWH DQG GHYHORS 0DVWHU 3ODQ &RQFHSW 3ODQ +\GHU 0DVWHU 3ODQQHUV $UFKLWHFWV 0(3 ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
4.00 Green Architecture - Developed Design 5HILQH DQG GHYHORS &RQFHSW 3ODQ WR 'HYHORSHG 'HVLJQ +\GHU 0DVWHU 3ODQQHUV $UFKLWHFWV 0(3 ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH
5.00 Green Architecture - Construction Phase Clarify Brief, complete contract documents, arrange contract, supervise construction, site attendance
6.00 Client Project Hand over (Phased)
7.00
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Green Architecture - POE Post Occupancy Eval
COMMENTS
$$$
Global Economy Reconstruction
1
7
Business & Concept Plan developed
6
2 Business Plan approved/ Partnerships confirmed
5
Phase 1 of Green Knowledge Village construcion completed
Detailed Designs completed Construction begun
3Concept Plan 4Partnerships Completed
Approved and cemented
time in months
Mushrif Heights Sustainable Community Development
Holford Associates April 2009
Phase 1 of Green Knowledge Village Housing completed