Introduction To Graduation Project - THE PHOENIX by Bashar Assi

BASHAR ASSI

2019

INTRODUCTION TO GRADUATION PROJECT ENAR 520 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BIRZEIT UNIVERSITY SUPERVISED BY ARCH . AMER SHOMALI 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

The Problem The DESERTIFICATION

12 13

PROJECT STRATEGY

THE NATIVE VEGETATION ICARDA Case Study

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

SAKIYA Case Study Om Sleiman FarM CASE STUDY‫ ‏‬ Mashjar Juthour CASE STUDY Cuba’s Urban Farming Case Study

29 30 31 32

THE SUSTAINABILITY

WETLAND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

SEED PRESERVATION

SVALBARD GLOBAL VAULT Case Study

THE PROGRAM

Macro, Micro Analysis

Macro Analysis, The Location Micro Analysis, The Site

56 61

The Concept REFERENCES 5

TABLE OF FIGURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 01 PALESTINE AERIAL MAPS FROM 2016-2000 Figure FiFigureFIGURE 02 WEST BANK DEGRADING MAP Figure FiFigureFIGURE 03 MAOUNT ABU GHNEIM BEFORE AND AFTER Figure FiFigureFIGURE 04 MAOUNT ABU GHNEIM BEFORE AND AFTER Figure FiFigureFIGURE 05 WATER CONTROL DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 06 KNOWLEDGE CONTROL DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 07 SOCIAL GHANES DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 09 THE RELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL AND GROUND WATER RANGES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 08 CLIMATIC CHANGES DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 10 PALESTINE GEOGRAPHICAL REAGONS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 11 THE NATIV VEGETATION DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 13 ICARDA WORKING STRATEGY DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 12 MAPS OF THE ICARDA AREA OF WORK Figure FiFigureFIGURE 14 TRADITIONAL VS CONTEMPORARY ACTIVITIES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 15 SAKIYA WORKING STRATEGY DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 16 SAKIYA PROJECT PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 17 OM SLEIMAN FARM CONCEPT Figure FiFigureFIGURE 18 OM SLEIMAN FARM PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 19 MASHJAR JUTHOUR PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 20 CUBA URBAN FARMING DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 21 CUBA URBAN FARMING PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 23 CUBAS› ORGANIC FARMING DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 22 CUBAS› ORGANIC FARMING PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 24 THE SUSTAINABILITY CYCLE DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 25 THE SUSTAINABILITY CATEGORIES DIAGRAM

12 13 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 24 24 25 25 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 33 36 37

Figure FiFigureFIGURE 26 WETLAND TREATMENT IDEA DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 27 WETLANB POND SECTION Figure FiFigureFIGURE 28 WARKA TOWER VALUES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 29 WARKA TOWER SECTION DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 30 SEED PRESERVATION OPTIONS DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 31 SEED PRESERVATION PROCCESS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 32 SEED PRESERVATION TYPES DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 34 SVALBARD BANK LOCATION MAP Figure FiFigureFIGURE 33 SVALBARD VAULT STRATEGY DIAMGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 35 SVALBARD VAULT DESIGN Figure FiFigureFIGURE 36 SVALBARD VAULT GROUND FLOOR Figure FiFigureFIGURE 37 PROGRAM MAIN FUNCTIONS DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 38 PROGRAM DETAILED AREAS DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 39 PROGRAM VISUAL SPACES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 40 SITE SELECTION STRATEGY Figure FiFigureFIGURE 41 WESTBANK ANALYSIS MAP Figure FiFigureFIGURE 42 WEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 43 WEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 44 WEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 45 SITE OPTIONS ANALYSIS MAPS Figure FiFigureFIGURE 46 SITE PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 47 SITE PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 48 SARROUNDING FABRIC ANALYSIS MAP Figure FiFigureFIGURE 49 ROADS ANALYSIS MAP Figure FiFigureFIGURE 50 SITE LAND COVERING Figure FiFigureFIGURE 51 SITE SECTIONS DIAGRAM Figure FiFigureFIGURE 52 WATCH TOWER PICTURES Figure FiFigureFIGURE 53 WATCH TOWER PLANS

38 39 40 41 44 44 45 46 46 47 47 50 51 52 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 67

ABSTRACT ,

THE PHOENIX PROJECT PROVIDES A PLATFORM FOR DISCUSSING THE REALITY OF VEGETATION AND ITS ASSOCIATED PRACTICES IN TODAY S PALESTINE, AND DESIGNING AND IMAGINING AN ALTERNATIVE VERSION OF THE CURRENT REALITY IN ORDER TO BUILD, DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN IN A VEGETATION BANK TO BE THE NEW BEGINNING WHEN THE ECOSYSTEM COLLAPSES IN PALESTINE.

‫ وتصميم وتخيل نسخة بديلة‬,‫مشروع فينيكس يوفر منصة لنقاش واقع الغطاء النباتي والممارسات المرتبطة به في فلسطين اليوم‬ ‫للواقع الحالي لتبنى وتطور وتحفظ في بنك للغطاء النباتي لتكون نقظة البداية الجديدة حين ينهار النظام البيئي في فلسطين‬

01 INTRODUCTION The Problem THE DESERTIFICATION

ALESTINE has more than 2,700 species of plants

ranging from agricultural and forestry plants, known as vegetation cover (Gabbay, 1997) (PCBs, 2016). As the Palestinian society is a historically rural society, the vegetation has gone beyond being part of the landscape to become part of the Palestinian cultural and social fabric, and multiple traditional agricultural activities have established a strong relationship between person and his land, and the earth is no longer a space to exploit Of people to serve their needs, the Earth has become a different moral value that has become part of the life of its inhabitants. (Abdelnour, Tartir, & Zurayk, 2012)

he continued life of the vegetation would maintain the ecological balance and biodiversity, and maintain the populationâ&#x20AC;şs ability to survive for generations (Walpole & Lockwood, 1999). But by the end of the 20th century, there have been major changes in Palestinian society that have directly affected the nature and extent of the vegetation in Palestine, in addition to the knowledge accumulated historically around it (PCBs, 2016), which has become a real threat to the continuity of this cover In the coming decades in its natural form and its associated repercussions on Palestinian society

he project attempts to deal with the problem posed by understanding the nature of changes affecting the vegetation, and by conceptualizing the mechanism through which vegetation cover can be preserved to ensure the ability to regain it in its original form. This calls for the project to be treated with different levels including the preservation of plant origin from seeds and tissues, in addition to providing knowledge to the general public about the treatment of plants after decades.

The Problem

he problem is based on the growing evidence of vegetation collapse over the coming decades, due to multiple factors that overall increase the spread of desertification at a rapid pace and concentration the cover thereby decreasing the spread of the cover, or the decline in the contribution of the agricultural sector to domestic production annually, which Alarming its collapse.

FIGURE FIFIPALESTINE AERIAL MAPS FROM 2016-2000

The DESERTIFICATION

egetation collapse and extinction can be expressed in what is known as desertification, which means put loss of land production capacity. This happens as a result of multiple political, social and natural factors. All lead in the end to one result, barren land.

FIGURE FIFIWEST BANK DEGRADING MAP

D E S E R T I F I C A T I O N

R E A S O N S

Wars and land-razing

community changes

D E S E R T I F I C A T I O N

Water Control

R E A S O N S

Clear local knowledge

climatic changes

POLITICAL FACTORS

IRECT ELIMINATION of vegetation through land

dredging and seizure, where Israel has confiscated more than %60 of the area of the West Bank and Gaza Strip since 1967, in addition to affecting more than %60 of the area of the Palestinian forests (Wafa, 2002), which leads directly to the destruction Large tracts of vegetation, a direct example of dredging and destruction of vegetation is the conversion of Jabal Abu Ghneim in occupied Jerusalem from a green forest to an arid settlement, all of which directly contribute to accelerating desertification (environmental Education Centre, 2016)

FIGURE FIFI MAOUNT ABU GHNEIM BEFORE AND AFTER

ATER CONTROL through the control of %85 of

Palestinian water, which narrows the farmers, and thus the decrease of cultivated areas and varieties of crops (PCBs, 2011), in addition to the large consumption of the land stock, which increases the salinity of the soil, It also consumes the essential source of nutrition for plants in dry periods. This plays a role in the destruction of Palestinian vegetation (environmental education Center, 2016)

FIGURE FIFIWATER CONTROL DIAGRAM

tripping THE PALESTINIANS KNOWLEDGE associated with agricultural activities, by restricting farmers and encouraging employment opportunities, which has made the profession of agriculture economically useless. In addition, promoting the use of non-renewable and high-water-consuming hybrid seeds as genetically improved contributed significantly to reducing the spread of indigenous plant seeds and their local knowledge to deal with them, so that seeds became a consumer commodity rather than a source Antagia (Krzm, 2017) FIGURE FIFI KNOWLEDGE CONTROL DIAGRAM

SOCIAL CHANGES

he social and cultural changes in the lives of Palestinians have a significant role as a threat to vegetation, turning the vegetation cover from an essential element linked to the daily life of the Palestinians to a marginal element in which people are confined only to the fact that the products of this cover have a significant role in the disappearance of the cover Gradually, the physical expansion of residential compounds at the expense of vegetation has accelerated the pace of desertification (Environmental Education Centre, 2018). This also includes shifts in the nature of work, as many farmers moving into different jobs have contributed significantly to the decline of the agricultural sector. FIGURE FIFISOCIAL GHANES DIAGRAM

CLIMATIC CHANGES

s the plant and agriculture sector is one of the most affected by climatic conditions, potential natural disasters and accelerating climatic changes are losing plants to continuity as a result of their failure to adapt to new conditions, which poses a significant risk to them, especially in the context of global talk of changes Climatic (World Food Organization--AU, 2016). High temperatures in recent decades have led to repeated droughts, which have been the sharpest in nine centuries, and as temperatures are estimated to rise by 4 degrees Celsius in the region by the end of the century, the persistence of droughts is increasing the speed of the spread of desertification. (Icarda, n.d.)

he low rainfall rate of more than %10 since the beginning of the 20th century coupled with rising temperatures would exacerbate the regionâ&#x20AC;şs drought, thus increasing desertification, and significantly affect the groundwater reservoir, which is necessary to feed the lid Plant (Environmental Education Centre, 2018).

FIGURE FIFITHE RELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL AND GROUND WATER RANGES

FIGURE FIFICLIMATIC CHANGES DIAGRAM

02 PROJECT STRATEGY

he project is based on three main axes, the first axis is the process of keeping the seeds in a safe way so that they are able to grow after the collapse, the second axis is based on the role of society in project the identity of the project and the role of the project in influencing society and its aftermath of the collapse. The latter is concerned with the integrative mechanism by which the project must be undertaken and which can be cleared by the sustainability or ecosystem of the project.

hus, the project is trying to achieve the final picture by relying on the research output of the three attempts and the resulting spatial and intellectual intersections between them.

03 THE NATIVE VEGETATION ICARDA Case Study

he original vegetation is referred to as covering all plants that are naturally grown in the area, and are homogeneous with prevailing climatic conditions. The importance of preserving these plants is that they are integrated with other elements of life and are more adapted to the environmental changes (Goulburn Broken, 2018), so the possibility of conservation and replanting will be more feasible, as the original vegetation would preserve the biodiversity and biological diversity in The region. In addition, the native plant consumption of natural resources is small compared to genetically improved hybrid plants.

FIGURE FIFIPALESTINE GEOGRAPHICAL REAGONS

FIGURE FIFITHE NATIV VEGETATION DIAGRAM

ICARDA Case Study

ounded in 1983 in Aleppo-Syria as a seed bank for drought-resistant indigenous seeds, Icarda is working in 50 countries as the driest, the basic idea of Icarda is to collect original seeds or the so-called wild relatives of seeds from arid regions. In the world for conservation and regeneration as a basis for agricultural bio-diversity. The organization focuses on wild relatives as the original seed capable of adapting to changing climatic conditions and resisting various diseases, with evidence of its continued presence in the dry countries for thousands of years. (Icarda, n.d.)

FIGURE FIFIICARDA WORKING STRATEGY DIAGRAM

he organizationâ&#x20AC;şs working mechanism is based on the existence of laboratories dedicated to the scientific research of genes and seed varieties, the addition of experimental farming for the conduct of actual tests and seed multiplication. The organizationâ&#x20AC;şs work is not confined to the conservation of seeds and wild varieties of plants, but the organization takes the accumulated local knowledge as part of the conservation and regeneration process, through its study and development in modern scientific ways. The organization develops different farming methods in arid zones and innovises integrated systems that reduce the contribution of plants to the occurrence of drought and increase their resistance. (Icarda, n.d.)

FIGURE FIFIMAPS OF THE ICARDA AREA OF WORK

04 COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES SAKIYA CASE STUDY ‫‏‬OM SLEIMAN FARM CASE STUDY MASHJAR JUTHOUR CASE STUDY CUBA’S URBAN FARMING CASE STUDY

ith changes in the situation of Palestinian society and its orientation towards large urban cities, the relationship between the Palestinians and their land has shifted to a superficial consumer relationship, where vegetation has lost its moral value and role as part of the daily life of the Palestinians. The vegetation must be redefined to provide a different form of this relationship, so that it forms the basis for the reconstruction of the vegetation, which would affect the nature of the social relations that arise between the Palestinians.

T R A D I T I O N A L

A N D

C O N T E M P O R A R Y

FIGURE FIFITRADITIONAL VS CONTEMPORARY ACTIVITIES

A C T I V I T I E S

SAKIYA Case Study

akiya Project is a local project in Ein Qinia VillageRamallah, the basic idea of the project is to provide a space for the reproduction of local knowledge in a contemporary form that integrates different disciplines in the Palestinian society, so that the project provides an environment of sustainable and contemporary practices that enrich the collective life In Palestinian society. It is through intersections between agriculture, art and science, where farmers work alongside artists and researchers. The project attempts to reconstruct the abandoned natural environment in Ein Qinia as a sustainable ecosystem and re-use it as a nurturing environment for contemporary art and scientific research projects. (Sakiya, 2018)

FIGURE FIFISAKIYA WORKING STRATEGY DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFISAKIYA PROJECT PICTURES

OM SLEIMAN FARM CASE STUDY‫‏‬

M SLEIMAN Farm is a pilot project for a group of volunteers in the village of Bil›in, west of Ramallah, with the primary goal of preserving the land against the occupation. His idea is based on traditional agriculture, which relies solely on natural fertilizers, in addition to benefiting from modern farming methods such as organic farming. The project works on the principle of demand before the beginning of the season, so that the agriculture is customized by prior request.

FIGURE FIFIOM SLEIMAN FARM CONCEPT

FIGURE FIFIOM SLEIMAN FARM PICTURES

MASHJAR JUTHOUR CASE STUDY

ASHJAR JUTHOUR is a personal project for a couple who decided to build their own model of Palestinian nature, the project is located on one of the hills overlooking Ein Qinia village .

he idea of the project depends on construct a different environment of the Palestinian nature, by replanting many of the original trees, which provide a different atmosphere and have formed spaces suitable for many social and cultural events. It also plays a role in maintaining some of the traditional practices provided by the project through its formation. The fact that the project is located on the territory of Area C, all components of the project are raw or used materials recycled to serve the formed environment.

FIGURE FIFIMASHJAR JUTHOUR PICTURES

Cubaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Urban Farming Case Study

fter the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba suffered an economic crisis in 1989, which was effectively food security, with Cuba relying mainly on imported food resources. As a result of the loss of food security, Cuba has begun to follow organic farming models on a large scale, where semi-sustainable agriculture has spread and occurs in closed circles where dependence on external variables is low. Cubaâ&#x20AC;şs society has shifted from an urban society, with its relationship with the agricultural sector, to being a consumer society for its products as a result of the crisis to a society that relies primarily on self-agriculture. Agriculture is no longer a separate sector, but it has become part of the daily lives of Cubans. The farms spread on rooftops and balconies in cities, thus achieving self-sufficiency at the individual and community levels. (Clouse, 2014)

FIGURE FIFICUBA URBAN FARMING DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFICUBA URBAN FARMING PICTURES

FIGURE FIFICUBAS› ORGANIC FARMING DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFICUBAS› ORGANIC FARMING PICTURES

05 THE SUSTAINABILITY WETLAND WASTEWATER TREATMENT WARKA Tower Case Study

he sustainability of vegetation is mainly dependent on the provision of normal living conditions for plants, and the provision of these conditions is essential for regermination of seeds, so a sustainable ecosystem that reduces vulnerability to external changes is essential for the conservation of vegetation. The provision of good water is a challenge for the continuity of vegetation and the re-germination of seeds, as the roads available in Palestine for access to water are unsafe and threatened with interruption at any time, and water has a direct impact on the humidity and ambient temperature ratios. One way to achieve water sustainability is to recycle natural wastewater using plants, as well as to harvest water from the air naturally.

FIGURE FIFITHE SUSTAINABILITY CYCLE DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFITHE SUSTAINABILITY CATEGORIES DIAGRAM

WETLAND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

he idea of wastewater treatment naturally depends on the utilization of plants and some aquatic organisms in the analysis of wastewater components, as the roots of these plants have a chemical and biological ability to analyze and purify the components of wastewater, in addition to the micro-organisms that are rooted (Janina, 2014). Where the wastewater is passed after the initial filtration process in a number of channels planted with the plants allocated to it, the channels vary in their areas, depth and degree of inclination, so as to achieve the ability to dispose of the various components. Of the most famous plants that use the reed plant, some studies indicate the ability of the cactus plant to perform the same operation (,‫عبــد الصبــور‬ 2000).

FIGURE FIFIWETLAND TREATMENT IDEA DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFIWETLANB POND SECTION

WARKA Tower Case Study

ARKA Tower Project idea depends on the collection of naturally-carried water droplets in the air, through rain, fog or dew, providing an alternative and renewable source of clean water that is usually drinkable. Water is collected naturally on a layer of polystyrene without the need for operational energy, and the amount of water that can be collected daily depends on the intensity of the fog by at least 40 litres per day. (Warka Water, 2018)

FIGURE FIFIWARKA TOWER VALUES

FIGURE FIFIWARKA TOWER SECTION DIAGRAM

06 SEED PRESERVATION SVALBARD GLOBAL VAULT Case Study

he preservation of seeds for long periods of time without damage is one of the important bases in the preservation of vegetation, where it is the main ingredient of plants. The seed preservation process needs to provide custom conditions that prevent the seeds from growing, where temperatures are controlled at low levels of not more than 4 degrees Celsius, in addition to maintaining low levels of moisture and packaging that prevents light access. (Espiritu, 2018)

he duration of keeping seeds varies with their survival, depending on their type of seed, and it is often difficult to estimate this period, but it may be more than 10 years. Therefore, the seed preservation process includes continuous monitoring to ensure its ability to grow later, and this is done by conducting laboratory tests at different time intervals, and when the germination rate is released, the seeds are replenished by replanting and harvesting to be preserved in a new cycle. (Barton, 1961)

FIGURE FIFISEED PRESERVATION OPTIONS DIAGRAM

44 FIGURE FIFISEED PRESERVATION PROCCESS

here are multiple ways to save seeds, addition to save seeds by continuing to use and cultivate them, the seeds of most types of plants can be preserved by drying them under low temperatures, but some plant types need custom methods in the process of conservation. Some varieties of seeds lose the ability to grow when they are dried, and some plants do not contain seeds, which requires conservation in more complex ways that depend on the preservation of tissues and buds using complex techniques such as liquid nitrogen. (Barton, 1961)

FIGURE FIFISEED PRESERVATION TYPES DIAGRAM

SVALBARD GLOBAL VAULT Case Study

VALBARD Global Vault, established in 2008,

serves as a buffer for seeds produced from all over the world. The bank is working to provide a food security reserve that is threatened by environmental changes and wars, where over 4.5 million varieties of dried seeds are stored at freezing temperatures until they are used. The bank also works in collaboration with other seed banks and institutions in the world, working as a deposit box that controls the bodies in the samples. (Iowaagliteracy, 2018)

he site has been chosen as a politically and socially isolated territory, ensuring that it is spared from any human disaster, in addition to very low temperatures as part of the Arctic, where the vault preserves the seeds at a temperature of 18- Â°C in the ground, and in the worst conditions, the temperature will not Exceeding 3.5- Â°C. Final preservation of samples is carried out in the Vault, while the depositor carries out the basic processes of screening and packaging of seeds to ensure that they are well preserved. (Johnson, 2017)

FIGURE FIFISVALBARD VAULT STRATEGY DIAMGRAM

FIGURE FIFISVALBARD BANK LOCATION MAP

VALBARDVault

design came so that the seeds are fully preserved beneath the normal ground level to protect them, in addition to providing low temperatures while remaining above sea level of more than 130 m, where the entrance is linked to a long channel leading to the three main warehouses, which can accommodate more than 1.5 billion single seeds. The Vault also has specialized laboratories to monitor the safety of preserved seeds and their future ability to grow. (Ziger Snead, 2008)

FIGURE FIFISVALBARD VAULT DESIGN

FIGURE FIFISVALBARD VAULT GROUND FLOOR

07 THE PROGRAM

roject spaces have been divided to achieve maximum benefit at three levels, seed conservation, community utility and finally project sustainability.Thus, the main spaces are determined according to these levels, in addition to a group of common spaces that result from the intersections between these levels. The project spaces also work in parallel internally and externally

M A I N

F U N C T I O N S

FIGURE FIFIPROGRAM MAIN FUNCTIONS DIAGRAM

D E T A I L E D

A R E A S

FIGURE FIFIPROGRAM DETAILED AREAS DIAGRAM

FIGURE FIFIPROGRAM VISUAL SPACES

P R O G R A M

A R E A S

08 Macro, Micro Analysis Location and Site

Macro Analysis, The Location

roject selection is based on extensive research so that the project site achieves maximum benefit, depending on the ease of access of people to the project and their interaction with it, in addition, the project site must be suitable for the continuity of the project for as long as possible without a negative impact on it.

herefore, the selection of the site came on the basis of comparisons of a number of analyses serving the three levels. Following the nomination of two of the best sites, the final site was chosen and is located near Khirbet al-Tira.

FIGURE FIFISITE SELECTION STRATEGY

FIGURE FIFIWESTBANK ANALYSIS MAP

S I T E

S E L E C T I O N

A N A L Y S I S

FIGURE FIFIWEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS

M A P S

S I T E

S E L E C T I O N

A N A L Y S I S

FIGURE FIFIWEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS

M A P S

S I T E

S E L E C T I O N

A N A L Y S I S

M A P S

FIGURE FIFIWEST BANK ANALYSIS MAPS

S I T E

O P T I O N S

FIGURE FIFISITE OPTIONS ANALYSIS MAPS

Micro Analysis, The Site

n 25 D Area

FIGURE FIFISITE PICTURES

S A R R O U N D I N G

F A B R I C

FIGURE FIFISARROUNDING FABRIC ANALYSIS MAP

R O A D S

M A P

FIGURE FIFIROADS ANALYSIS MAP

L A N D

C O V E R I N G

FIGURE FIFISITE LAND COVERING

s i t e

s e c t i o n s

FIGURE FIFISITE SECTIONS DIAGRAM

WATCH TOWER ANALYSIS

he building on site is an ancient Watchtower that was used to monitor and guard neighboring agricultural land with an area of more than 3000 dunums, and was used to store crop grain at harvest time. The building is in good condition, but itâ&#x20AC;ºs deserted now.

FIGURE FIFIWATCH TOWER PICTURES

FIGURE FIFIWATCH TOWER PLANS

09 The Concept

C O N C E P T U A L

he idea is to try to define the spaces that are common to different project levels, which ultimately constitutes a different environment that expresses the ultimate goal of the project.

he project also takes control towers as the general character of the buildingâ&#x20AC;şs relationship with the outer spaces surrounding it as an agricultural characteristic, where the most part of the project is underground with the emergence of a few elements to express the image of the project

FIGURE FIFICONEPT DIAGRAM

D I A G R A M

C O N C E P T U A L

FIGURE FIFICONCEPTUAL SECTION

S E C T I O N

P R I V A T E

A N D

P U B L I C

FIGURE FIFIPRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONFIGURATION

E N T R A N C E S

FIGURE FIFIENTRANCES CONCEPT

O R I E N T A T I O N

C O N C E P T

FIGURE FIFIORIENTATION CONCEPT

REFERENCES 11. Abdelnour, S., Tartir, A., & Zurayk, R. (2012). Farming Palestine For Freedom. the Palestine Policy network, Alaa Tartir. 22. Barton, L. V. (1961). Seed Preservation and Longevity. Leonard Hill, London, and Interscience Publishers, N.Y. Retrieved from http://www.sourcetrace.com/seedbanks-seeds-preserved/ 33. Centre for Environmental Education. (2016 ,6 19). Desertification silent disaster requires urgent combat (Arabic). ‫ تم االسترداد من الحياة الجديدة‬.‫الحياة الجديدة‬. 44. Centre for Environmental Education. (2018 ,6 18). Desertification and drought are ringing the bells of danger (Arabic). ‫الحياة الجديدة‬. 55. Clouse, C. (2014). Cuba’s Urban Farming Revolution: How to Create SelfSufficient Cities . The Architectural Review. 66. Espiritu, K. (25 7 ,2018). Storing Seeds: Ways Of Preserving Seeds For Future Planting. Retrieved from Epic Gardening: https://www.epicgardening.com/storingseeds/ 77. FAO. (2016). The State of Food and Agriculture. FAO. 88. Gabbay, S. (1997). Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity in Israel. State of Israel-Ministry of the Environment. 99. George Krzm. (2017 ,7 1). National sovereignty over seeds... A strategic condition for addressing external challenges in the Palestinian agricultural sector (Arabic). ‫ تم االسترداد من‬Environment and development prospects: http://www.maan-ctr.org/magazine/article/1595/ 1010 Goulburn Broken. (2018). Native Vegetation. Retrieved from Goulburn Broken: https://www.gbcma.vic.gov.au/land_and_biodiversity/biodiversity_assets/native_ vegetation 1111 Icarda. (n.d.). Mission and Vision. Retrieved from Icarda: http://www.icarda.org/mission-and-vision 1212 iowaagliteracy . (16 10 ,2018). How Do They Work? Seed Vaults. Retrieved from The Iowa Agriculture Literacy Foundation: https://iowaagliteracy.wordpress. com/16/10/2018/how-do-they-work-seed-vaults/ 1313 Janina. (2014 ,1 28). Wait, What›s the Deal with Wetlands? ‫ تم االسترداد من‬Food (Policy) For Thought: http://foodpolicyforthought.com/28/01/2014/wait-whats-thedeal-with-wetlands/

1414 Johnson, M. (23 11 ,2017). Svalbard International Seed Vault. Retrieved from Mike›s Gear Reviews: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1711/S00277/thisinfographic-explains-worlds-largest-seed-vault.htm 1515 Mamdouh Fathy Abdul Sabour. (2000). Wastewater technologies and reuse for agricultural purposes (Arabic). Assiut Journal of Environmental Studies-number of the Twelve. 1616 PCBs. (2011). Agriculture Statistics Survey. Ramallah. 1717 PCBS. (2016). Fifth National Report Of the convention on biological diversity 2015. RAMALAH. 1818 PCHR. (2004). Report on the construction and demolition of agricultural land, peace houses and civilian property carried out by the Israeli occupation forces (Arabic). 1919 Sakiya. (10 10 ,2018). About Us. Retrieved from Sakiya: http://sakiya.org/about/ 2020 WAFA. (2002). Israeli occupation and environmental degradation in Palestine (Arabic). ‫ تم االسترداد من‬Wafa: http://info.wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=3948 2121 Walpole, S., & Lockwood , M. (1999). Influence of remnant native vegetation on rural land values: a hedonic pricing application. Albury, Australia: Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University. 2222 Warka Water. (31 10 ,2018). WARKA TOWER. Retrieved from WARKA Water: http://www.warkawater.org/warka-tower/ 2323 ziger snead . (2008 ,3 23). Svalbard Global Seed Vault. ‫ تم االسترداد من‬ziger snead Architects: www.zigersnead.com/current/blog/post/svalbard-global-seedvault/903/2008-23-03/

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