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Developments in information and communications technology (ICT) have changed the way people work. Today’s employees have much more information at their fingertips and can communicate information quickly and effectively. With the use of computers to process information many jobs have been lost in industries such as banking, where there was a need for a large number of clerical staff. In manufacturing there has also been a change in the way things are done. Many routine jobs can now be done by robots, e.g. painting new cars. Changes in ICT can often lead to higher productivity. This means businesses can be competitive. Besides, some employees can now work away from the office, which is called teleworking. A teleworker is able to work at home and is connected to work via a computer and modem. This can make the job more flexible, which is an advantage for some parents who have to work and take care of their children.
Changes at the workplace: What changes have taken place in people’s workplaces? The introduction of new technology has led to:
higher levels of production;
higher quality of work;
more responsibilities,
different types of injuries;
more teamwork;
loss of jobs;
on-going learning;
more stress at work (there is more competition),
the work environment can be less friendly bbc.co.uk (adapted)
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara The world is constantly changing. That’s a fact! And the world of work is no exception. There are jobs that will eventually disappear, new ones that will appear and others that will remain forever. Put the following jobs in the category you think they belong.
A. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text. 1. Fruit farms 3. Connections 2. Collecting 4. Advantage INGLĂŠS: MODULE 8: The World of Work
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara B. The following statements are all WRONG. Correct them by quoting from the text 1. Tara knew she wanted to be a dog-walker when she left school. __________________________________________________________________ 2. She had previous experience working in an orchard. __________________________________________________________________ 3. She got the job as a fruit picker by herself. __________________________________________________________________ 4. She didn’t want to go back to the city anymore. __________________________________________________________________ 5. Working 20 hours a week was more than enough to live on. __________________________________________________________________ 6. Not many people want to pay another person to walk their dog. __________________________________________________________________ VERB GROUPS There are some verbs that usually go (collocate) with some other words. Complete the verb groups with these words. full-time — part-time — a phone call — a job — flexitime — overtime — shiftwork — some work — holiday pay — a business trip — a holiday — a decision — sick pay — a lunch break — a meeting — four weeks’ holiday — a nine-to-five job — paperwork
B. Translate all the phrases above into your own language. C. Complete these sentences using some of the words given above. Sometimes you may need the plural. 1. Some people can start work an hour or so ea.rer or finish later. They work __________ 2. Some people work days one week and nights the next week. They do _____________ 3. Some people also work extra hours. They work _____________ 4. Some people work regular hours. They have a _____________ 5. A secretary usually does a lot of _____________
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara 6. With many jobs you get four _____________ 7. A telephonist makes a lot of _____________ 8. A businessman makes a lot of _____________ 9. A manager sometimes has to make difficult _____________
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara A. Discuss in class. 1. What do you want to do for the next few years? 2. Are you going to look for a job as soon as you finish your course? 3. Would you like to do voluntary work? 4. Or would you like to take a gap year? 5. What is a gap year? Read the paragraph below. What is a Gap year? A gap year/ year out is the time spent working or travelling (usually up to a year) after finishing A Levels (Advanced Levels) or equivalent study and starting university. Many students also choose to take a gap year on completing their undergraduate studies. B. All the words or phrases below are connected with gap years. Study them for a few minutes.
What can you do in your gap year?
voluntary work (trabalho voluntário)
get a temporary job (arranjar um trabalho temporário)
travel (viajar)
learn a new skill (desenvolver uma capacidade/aptidão nova)
live abroad on a cultural exchange (viver no estrangeiro, participando num intercâmbio cultural)
work abroad (trabalhar no estrangeiro)
C. Word Groups Put these words in the right group • take a year out
• participant
• archaeological work
• passport
• conservation work
• responsibilities
• community work
• go on a working holiday
• construction work
• voluntary work
• an adventure project
• ticket
• an environmental project
• work experience
• go on an expedition
• go on a training course
• visa
• work permit
• go trekking
• insurance
• go backpacking
• accommodation
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A gap year is becoming a more and more popular option. Some of you may need a year out simply to earn some cash to help you through higher education. They come in all shapes and sizes. It’s never too early to start planning one — a good year takes organisation, particularly if you want to go abroad and need to raise some funding. There are websites and books to take you through all the alternatives and enable you to contact various organisations. The main alternatives Paid employment — with the option of work here or jobs overseas. You can earn some money and get work experience. There are some good employers who pay gap year students a decent wage and teach them useful skills. Many recruit through the organisation Year in Industry. Voluntary work Again, this can be in your country or overseas. Lots of organisations need young volunteers to work on all kinds of community, environmental, social or care work projects. If you want to go overseas, it is a good idea to go through a reputable organisation that will arrange your accommodation, medical insurance and look after you in any difficulty Travel This can be anything from the full backpacking year to brief trips. Some people spend a year travelling, but it is becoming common for people to do it in their twenties. A good gap year can be a combination of all three. It’s quite possible to earn then travel, then earn again. You Can (abridged)
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara A. Say whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the text to support all your answers. 1. Not many students take a year out between school and university. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. There are lots of things you can do in a gap year. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. You should plan a gap year in advance. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Paid employment isn’t a good option. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Gap year students are never paid high wages. ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Volunteers may get involved in several kinds of projects. ________________________________________________________________________ 7. Any organisation will make your travel arrangements if you want to travel abroad. ________________________________________________________________________ B. Find words or phrases in the text that mean the following. Paragraph numbers are given in brackets. 1. respected (parag 4) 2. take care of (parag 4) 3. to travel carrying your clothes and personal things in a backpack (= rucksack) (parag 5) 4. short journeys (parag 5) C. What do the following words refer to? 1. you ( line ) 2. who ( line ) 3. them ( line ) D. Answer these questions with complete answers. 1. What should you do before taking a gap year? Why? _________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can you get informed about gap years? _________________________________________________________________________ 3. What alternatives are suggested in the text? _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which one would you prefer? Why? _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Do you think it is useful to take a gap year between school and university? Account for your answer. _________________________________________________________________________
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A.E. Arraiolos - E.B. 2,3 /Sec Cunha Rivara E. Imagine you’ve taken a year out and are doing a part-time job in Liverpool. Send an email to your best friend telling him/her about your experience there. First make a list of the points you want to mention. Think about: The place where you are staying The type of job you do The salary you earn The working hours Your workmates What you like and dislike about your work
A. Circle the word for each definition 1. An announcement in a newspaper that invites people to apply for a job. a. Vacancy b. advertisement 2. A document with information about exams you have passed and jobs you have done. a. application form b. CV 3. Make a formal request for a job. a. apply b. earn 4. An advantage that you get from a company in addition to your pay. a. benefits b. qualifications 5. A meeting at which somebody is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a job. a. application b. interview 6. An exam that you have passed or a course of study that you have completed. a. Qualifications b. reference 7. The money you get for doing a job. a. salary b. benefits 8. A job that is available for somebody to do. a. work b. vacancy 9. Knowledge or skills that you get from doing a job. a. experience b. experiment
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A. Another applicant has applied for the same job. Listen to the interview and complete the candidate’s Curriculum Vitae and the interviewer’s notes.
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A. What would you like a job to offer you? Rate the items below from 1-13, according to their importance and explain your choices.
Free weekends
Friendly working atmosphere
Long holiday
Prospects for promotion
Safety at work
Regular hours
Shiftwork
Freedom
Holiday pay
High salary
Responsibilities
Sick pay
Flexitime
B. Explain your choices to your classmates.
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