Streams by Max Burger

Streams A look at biomimicrys roll in architecture

Taschen

/05

School project only not for commercial use. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission in writing form the publisher.

/06

DEDICATION This book is dedicated to all who have done work on biomimicry and architecture your work has helped make this book possible. I would also like to dedicate this to my mom and rest of my family with out your support I would not be here today.

/07

Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42 Chapter four........42

Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22

Chapter two....22

Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter three...................32 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter two....22 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Chapter one...........12 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 Intro.....10 TABLE OF CONTENTS

/08 P

/09

INTRODUCTION

/10

Biomimicry and architecture have lived to together for a very long time. Some say that it has always been in architecture. Since the being of humans living in structures made by there own hands. It is believed that once humans started to make structures to live in. They looked to nature for inspiration. Thus making biomimicry one of the oldest practices in design today. â&#x2014;? But only recently this practice has gotten a lot of hype and attention due to the need to be what is considered green in todays society. Green is referring to sustainability and the renewable of resources consumed or created. This has grown as the need for cleaner more efficient buildings has resin. This is impart to climate change which has become a big issue in todays world. Is being solved by looking to nature and exploring biomomicry more than ever before. Biomimicry is as the name

implies the copying of biological and natural structures, forms, and actions used by natural organisms, objects or elements found in nature. Biomimicry operates on the principal that natured did it best first and since there is no reason to reinvent the wheel it is logical to try and mimic nature as close as possible. This has led and continues to lead to numerous scientific studies in how nature works. The Roca London Gallery is a building that implicates this biomimiciry in the very structure of it. It looks at water in its various states

/11

/01

1 P

/01

BIOMIMICRY Biomimicry or biomimetics is the imitation of the structure, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving problems complex to the very simple. The terms biomimicry and biomimetics come from the Greek words bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate. A closely related field of science is bionics which is biomimicry in action or as some may say at its best. ● Over the last 3.6 billion years, nature has gone through a process of trial and error to refine the living organisms their processes, and materials used on Earth. The emerging field of biomimetics has given rise to new technologies created from biologically inspired engineering and products at both the macro scale and nanoscale levels. Biomimetics and biomimicry are not a new idea but yet a rediscovery. ● Humans have been looking at nature for answers to both complex and simple pr oble m s t hr o ug h o u t o ur existence but recently with the “green movement” it has amplified this method. Nature has solved many of today’s

/14

NATURE engineering problems such as self-healing abilities, environmental exposure tolerance and resistance, hydrophobic, self-assembly, and harnessing solar energy through the evolutionary mechanics of life and thought evolution of selective advantages of the particular object or appendage. These are just some of the advantages that nature has figured out already. There are many mor that we have yet to figure out. but for as long as people are intersted in the the world we live in and its natural way of solving complex problems. We will keep turning to it for answers as you will see in this book as we explore biomimicry what it means and what are doing with it. While also taking a look at its role in the roca london gallery.

Even this porous texture of these bones are similar to the texture of the concrete

These bones have similar voids that you can see in the gallery's structure.

/15

/16

One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds to enable humans to fly. Although Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519) was never successful in creating a “flying machine”, he was a keen observer of the anatomy and flight of birds, and made countless notes and sketches on his observations of them as well as sketches of his proposed ”flying machines”.The wright brothers, who succeeded in flying the first heavier-than-air aircraft in 1903, derived inspiration from their extensive observations of pigeons in flight. Otto Schmitt, an American academic and inventor, coined the term biomimetics to describe the transfer of ideas from biology to technology and design. ● He developed the Schmitt trigger while attempting to replicate the biological system of nerve propagation. The term biomimeics entered Webster’s Dictionary in 1974 and is defined as “the study of the formation, structure, or function of biologically produced substances and materials (as enzymes or silk) and biological mechanisms and processes (as protein synthesis or photosynthesis) especially for the purpose of synthesizing similar products by artificial mechanisms which mimic natural ones” In 1960, the term bionics was coined by psychiatrist and engineer Jack Steele to mean “the science of systems which have some function copied from nature”. Bionics entered the Webster dictionary in 1960 as “a science concerned with the application of data about the functioning of biological systems to the solution

/18

of engineering problems”. Bionic took on a different connotation when Martin Caidin referenced Jack Steele and his work in the novel Cyborg which later resulted in the 1974 television series The Six Million Dollar Man and its spin-offs. The term bionic then became associated with “the use of electronically operated artificial body parts” and “having ordinary human powers increased by or as if by the aid of such devices”. The term bionic took on the implication of supernatural strength, In the scientific community in countries largely English speaking abandoned it. As early as 1982 the term biomimicry appeared. Biomimicry was popularized byscientist and author Janine Benyus in her 1997 book Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Biomimicry is defined in the book as a “new science that studies nature’s models and then imitates or takes inspiration from these designs and processes to solve human problems”. Benyus sugests looking to Nature as a “Model, Measure, and Mentor” and emphasizes sustainability as one of the main objectives of biomimicry. Nano biomimicry is the biological imitation of nano and microscale strutures and processes. Nature provides a great variety of nansized materials that offer potential templates for the creation of new materials, such as bacteria, viruses, diatoms, andbiomolecules. Through the study of nanobiomimicry, key components of nanodevices like nanowires,

/19

quantum dots, and nanotubes have been produced in an efficient and simple manner when compared to more conventional lithographic techniques. Many of these biologically derived structures are then developed into applications for photovoltaics, sensors, filtration, insulation, and medical uses. This new field of science called nanobiomimetics is highly multidisciplinary, this means it requires collaboration between biologists, engineers, physicists, material scientists, nanotechnologists and other related fields. In the past century, the growing field of nano technology has produced several novel materials and enabled scientists to produce nanoscale biological replicas. ● Biomorphic mineralization is a technique that produces materials with morphologies and structures resembling those of natural living organisms. This is done by using bio-structures as templates for the process mineralization. Compared to other metods of material production such as biomorphic mineralization is facile, environmentally benign and economic. Biomorphic mineralization makes efficient use of natural and abundant materials such as calcium, iron, carbon, phosphorus, and silicon with the capability of turning biomass byproducts into new useful materials. Templates are derived from biological nanoparticles such as DNA, viruses, bacteria, and peptides which can transform unordered inorganic nanoparticles into

/20

complex inorganic nanostructures. ● Biologically derived nanostructures are typically fabricated using either chemical or physical techniques. Usual chemical fabrication techniques are plasma spraying, plasma immersion, ion implantation, deposition, sol–gel, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, cold spraying, and self-asembly. Physical modification techniques include laser etching, shot blasting, physical plating, physical evaporation, and deposition Methods of fabrication and mass production with high throughput, minimal environmental damage, and low costs are highly sought after. Something that making things like biomimicry possible is 3D printing. 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes. 3D printing is also considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling. ●

A 3D printer is a limited type of industrial robot that is capable of carrying out an additive process under computer control. â&#x2014;? While 3D printing technology has been around since the 1980s, it was not until people started making their own and figuring out way to bring them to market affordable. That they really stared to take off around early 2010s that the printers became widely available commercially. The first working 3D printer was created in 1984 by Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp. Since the start of the 21st century there has been a large growth in the sales of these machines, and their price has dropped substantially. According to Wohlers Associates, a consultancy, the market for 3D printers and services was worth $2.2 billion worldwide in 2012, up 29% from 2011. â&#x2014;? The 3D printing technology is used for both prototyping with applications in architecture, construction (AEC), industrial design, automotive, aerospace, military, engineering, dental and medical industries, biotech (human tissue replacement), fashion, footwear, jewelry, eyewear, education, geographic information systems, food, and many other fields. One study has found that opensource 3D printing could and will most likely become a wide mass market item because domestic 3D printers can offset their capital costs by enabling consumers to avoid costs associated with purchasing common household objects. With this new technology we are able to make things that where previously impossible. This process enable us to make products that use biomimicry and be able to copy those aspects form nature that we are mimicking accurately and affordably. While using less material than traditional manufacturing. P

/21

/01

2 P

/01

THE BLUE PRINTS

main entrance

East Elevation

secondary entrance

Roca London Gallery

South East Elevation

Elevations 1 P

/24

1 8

14 2

17 2

ROCA LONDON GALLERY General plan

1 secondary entrance

01 RECEPTION DESK 02 GALLERY SPACE 03 LOUNGE AREA AND LOOK UP SPACE 04 BAR 05 ARMANI EXHIBITION 06 FLUXUS SCREEN O7 NOVELTIES AREA 08 ROCA ENVIRONMENT 02 09 INTERACTIVE TOUCH SCREENS 10 ROCA ENVIRONMENT 01

11 MEETING ROOM 12 RITUALS PROJECTION 13 BATH/SHOWER ENVIRONMENT 14 WASHROOMS 15 MANAGERS OFFICE 16 STAFF KITCHEN 17 TILES DISPLAY 18 LAUFEN ENVIRONMENT P

/25

/01

Every conference room is shaped like an eddy.

AUXILIARY VIEW

Light fixtures made to mimic water droplets. One of the various states of water showcased in the gallery.

The floor plan was made to mimic streams and rivers

/01

15 16 14 4

3 5

17 2 6

2 18 12

co n

so u th ea st

el va

ns tio

9 m

ain

n co se

da ry t en e nc ra

D E F

01 RECEPTION DESK 02 GALLERY SPACE 03 LOUNGE AREA AND LOOK UP SPACE 04 BAR 05 ARMANI EXHIBITION 06 FLUXUS SCREEN 07 NOVELTIES AREA 08 ROCA ENVIRONMENT 02 09 INTERACTIVE TOUCH SCREENS 10 ROCA ENVIRONMENT 01 11 MEETING ROOM 12 RITUALS PROJECTION 13 BATH/SHOWER ENVIRONMENT 14 WASHROOMS 15 MANAGERS OFFICE 16 STAFF KITCHEN 17 TILES DISPLAY 18 LAUFEN ENVIRONMENT

P main en t rance

G east ele vations

/29

THE GALLERY

/30

The Roca London Gallery is a single space of 1100m2. Which is including connected, semi-open zones for product displays and a meeting room space. These spaces seamlessly incorporate a range of interactive technologies and audio visual resources. Designed as a versatile multi-purpose environment, the gallery will host a wide range of social and cultural events. This is including exhibitions, meetings, presentations, debates and receptions. Zaha Hadid Architects has fully addressed this need for a place defining harmony between form and function that in which visitors experience the very essence of Roca products. The design of the Roca london Gallery brings about a connective language between the architecture and the bathroom products. With the movement of water ‘carving out’ the interior and moving through the Gallery as individual drops. A liquid like, all-white space made of faceted GRG (gypsum) panels. These panels serve as a central axis of the Gallery. Around this is a number of smaller connected semi-enclosed spaces which can be viewed through openings in walls. As a result, the visitor never feels enclosed in one space. Rather they feel as if they can always see beyond it into the space through overlapping and cutaway forms that enable a pleasing permeability to the Gallery. That mimics something like the structure of choral. ● The design theme of water movement extends to the dynamic façade of the Roca London Gallery. Which first appears

initially to the visitors approaching the architecture like a set of ripples in movement across the exterior of the ground level space. The gray façade has large apertures for the viewer to look out of into the main entrance and windows and it gives an appearance of tactility. This creates a sense of intrigue on the street as the visitor approaches. Water defines the landscape of the interior space, creating a sense of mobile liquidity reinforced by a series of elongated, illuminated water drops. These move around the ceiling as a set of lighting fixtures, down the walls as shelves for books, media and small products, and onto the floor as tables and seating. Their fluid lines of convergence both lend each other to the area of the space to an individual identity and connect them by the way they define a feeling of movement. All the panels are made of GRC or fiber reinforced concrete and extend up to 2.20 meters in height. These panels have been per-fabricated in molds and constructed on-site. ● The outside is made of 2 x 4 meter panels which are 800kg each. The panels creating the interior walls are 6 cm thick and made of two waffled concrete layers sandwiching a honeycomb mesh that can stress in different directions. This construction is very robust as a composite

material.The furniture is made from GRP, or reinforcedplastic, including the cove-shaped reception desk. The lighting scheme is created by Isometrix which is also innovative in a complementary way. This is done with special features including washing the walls in light and a mix of direct and dispersed mood lights. Part of the brief was to include a series of bathroom product ensembles and integrated in the space. The Gallery’s walls give way in six locations to semi-enclosed space that-are cave-like GRC panels for the product displays, as well as to the bar and reception area. The cocoon-like meeting space has a wall of GRG, a continuation of the Gallery’s central axis.A special feature of the Gallery is the floor of the product exhibition areas, which has a mosaic of porcelain tiles designed exclusively for the rica london Gallery by Zaha Hadid Architects. With each one cut and laid individually, the design creates an optical effect inspired by a water current and the way it flows throughout the space. ● The geometry is akin to natural forms found everyday in nature, with no one point in the space

/31

/01

3 P

/01

/34

Biomorphic mineralization is a technique that produces materials with morphologies and structures resembling those of natural living organisms. This is done by using bio structures as templates for the process of mineralization. Compared to other methods of material production such as biomorphic mineralization is facile, environmentally benign and economic. â&#x2014;? Biomorphic mineralization makes efficient use of natural and abundant materials such as calcium, iron, carbon, phosphorus, and silicon with the capability of turning biomass byproducts into new useful materials. Templates are derived from biological nanoparticles such as DNA, viruses, bacteria, and peptides which can transform unordered inorganic nanoparticles into complex inorganic nanostructures. Biologically derived nanostructures are typically fabricated using either chemical or physical techniques. Usual chemical fabrication techniques are plasma spraying, plasma immersion, ion implantation, deposition, solâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;gel, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, cold spraying, and self-assembly. Physical modification techniques include laser etching, shot blasting, physical plating, physical evaporation, and deposition. Methods of fabrication and mass production with high throughput, minimal environmental damage, and low costs are highly sought after. The use of biz mineralized structures is vast and derived from the abundance of natural structures. From studying the nano scale morphology of living organisms many applications have been developed through multidisciplinary collaboration between biologists, chemists, bioengineers, nanotechnologists, and materials scientists. Mimicking the diving behavior of animals,

/35

/36

researchers have recently deduced from there research that humans have a similar capacity to lower brain temperature and suppress metabolism for neuroprotection. The discovery of this has now opened a real possibility of devising means for humans to sustain this state. Not unlike the elusive and enigmatic feat of animal hibernation, e.g., lemurs (primates) and bears. This discovery would have profound biomedical implications for healthcare and for treating an unmatched range. Diversity of serious life-threatening clinical conditions, and in a fully personalized way, things like stroke, blood-loss, burns, cancer, chronic obesity, epileptic seizures, etc. An experimental trial, recently conducted in Sweden seemingly resulted in a sustainable variant of this state in a human breath-hold liver. â&#x2014;? A virus is a living particle ranging from the size of 20 to 300 nm capsules containing genetic material used to infect its host. Viruses outers layers are remarkably robust and capable of withstanding temperatures that get as high as 60 Â°C and stay stable in a wide range of pH range of 2-10 units. Viral capsids can be and are used to create several nano device components such as nanowires, nanotubes, and quantum dots. Tubular virus particles such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) can be used as templates to create nanofibers and nanotubes. Since both the inner and outer layers of the virus are charged surfaces that can induce nucleation of crystal growth. This was demonstrated through the production of plainum and gold nanotubes using TMV as a template. Mineralized virus particles have been shown to withstand various pH values by mineralizing the viruses with different materials such as silicon, PbS, and CdS. These could therefore serve as a useful carriers of material.

/37

/01

NANOFIBERS A spherical plant virus called cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) has interesting expanding properties when exposed to environments of pH higher than 6.5. Above this pH of 60 independent pores with diameters about 2 nm begin to exchange substance with the environment. â&#x2014;? The structural transition of the viral caps-id can be utilized. Biomorphic mineralization for selective uptake and deposition of minerals by controlling the solution pH. Applications includes using the viral cage to produce uniformly shaped and sized quantum dot semiconductors known as nanoparticles through a series of pH washes. This is an alternative to the apoferritin cage technique which is currently used to synthesize uniform CdSe nanoparticles. Such materials could also be used for targeted drug delivery since these particles release contents upon exposure to specific pH levels. â&#x2014;? Morphological butterfly wings contain micro-structures that create its coloring effect. This is done thought the structural coloration rather than pigmentation cominly done by humans. Incidental light waves are

Nanofibers can be used in several different applications like tape derived form the gecko.

/40

reflected at specific wavelengths to create vibrant colors due to multilayer interference, diffraction, thin film interference, and scattering properties. The scales of these butterflies consist of microstructures such as ridges, cross-ribs, ridge-lamellae, and microribs that have been shown to be the true reason responsible for coloration. The structural color has been simply explained as the interference due to alternating layers of cuticle and air using a model of multilayer interference. â&#x2014;? The same principles behind the coloration of soap bubbles apply to the coloration of butterfly wings. The color of butterfly wings is due to multiple instances of constructive interference from structures such as this. The photonic microstructure of butterfly wings can be replicated through biomorphic mineralization to yield similar properties. The photonic microstructures can be replicated using metal oxides or metal alkoxides such as titanium sulfate (TiSO4), zirconium oxide(ZrO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). An alternative method of vapor-phase oxidation of SiH4 on the template surface was found to preserve delicate structural features

/41

/01

4 P

/01

/44

NANOPARTICLES of themicro-structure. Now companies like Qualcomm are specializing in creating color displays with low power consumption based on these principles. All form a simple butterfly. ● Researchers studied the termite’s ability to maintain virtually constant temperature and humidity in their termite mounds in Africa despite outside temperatures that vary from 1.5 °C to 40 °C (35 °F to 104 °F). Researchers initially scanned a termite mound and created 3-D images of the mound structure. Which revealed construction that can influence human building design making them more efficient than ever before. This biomimicry is seen being used in the Eastgate Centre, a mid-rise office complex in Harare, Zimbabwe,stays cool without air conditioning and uses only 10% of the energy of a conventional building its size. Modeling echolocation in bats in darkness has led to a cane for the visually impaired. Research at the University of Leeds, in the United Kingdom, led to the UltraCane, a product formerly manufactured, marketed and sold by Sound Foresight Ltd. Janine Benyus refers in her books to spiders that create web silk as strong as the Kevlar used in bulletproof vests. Engineers could use such a material—if it had a long enough rate of decay— for parachute lines, suspension bridge cables, artificial ligaments for medicine,

and other purposes. Other research has proposed adhesive glue from mussels, solar cells made like leaves, fabric that emulates shark skin, harvesting water from fog like a beetle, and more. ● Nature’s 100 Best is a compilation of the top hundred different innovations of animals, plants, and other organisms that have been researched and studied by the Biomimicry Institute. A display technology based on the reflective properties of certain morpho butterflies was commercialized by Qualcomm in 2007. ● The technology uses Interferometric Modulation to reflect light so only the desired color is visible in each individual pixel of the display. Biomimicry may also provide design methodologies and techniques to optimize engineering products and systems. An example is the re-derivation of Murray’s law, which in conventional form determined the optimum diameter of blood vessels, to provide simple equations for the pipe or tube diameter which gives a minimum mass engineering system. ● In structural engineering, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) has incorporated biomimetic characteristics in an adaptive deployable “tensegrity” bridge. The bridge can carry out self-diagnosis and self-repair. The extremely tough and mechanically versatile insect cuticle, inspired the scientists from the Wyss

/45

/01

FLUIDS Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, who developed the Shrilk family of biomimetic plastics, based in the components and design of the insect skin. ● The Bombardier beetle’s powerful repellent spray inspired a Swedish company to develop a “micro mist” spray technology, which is claimed to have a low carbon impact (compared to aerosol sprays). The beetle mixes chemicals and releases its spray via a steerable nozzle at the end of its abdomen, stinging and confusing the victim. ● Holistic planned grazing, using fencing and/or herders, seeks to restore grasslands by carefully planning movements of large herds of livestock to mimic the vast herds found in nature where grazing animals are kept concentrated by pack predators and must move on after eating, trampling, and manuring an area, returning only after it has fully recovered. Developed by Allan Savory, this method of biomimetic grazing holds tremendous potetial in building soil, increasing biodiversity, reversing desertification, and mitigating global warming, similar to what occurred during the past 40 million years as the expansion of grass-grazer ecosystems built deep grassland soils, sequestering carbon and cooling P

/48

the planet. ● The Roca London Gallery is said to be inspired by Streams and the various states of water. As we have read this is called biomimicry. Lets go back over the definition of Biomimicry to conclude this book. ● Biomimicry or biomimetics is the imitation of the structure, asystems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving problems complex to the very simple. terms The biomimicry and biomimetics come from the Greek words bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate. A closely related field of science is bionics which is biomimicry in action or as some may say at its best. ● Over the last 3.6 billion years, nature has gone through a process of trial and error to refine the living organisms their processes, and materials used on Earth. The emerging field of biomimetics has given rise to new technologies created from biologically inspired engineering and products at both the macro scale and nanoscale levels. Biomimetics and biomimicry are not a new idea but yet a rediscovery. ● As

/49

My studies of this Gallery Progress I began to think that there was more than just Water and the forms it takes that showed the structure of the of the Roca London Gallery. These other shapes also come from nature. You have some in your body right now. These airy objects are some of the structural materials that give everything in nature its form and structure. It enables every organic life form to function it is an endoskeleton. But it is a specific part of the endoskeleton. It is one piece of the endoskeleton it is called a bone. More particularly it is the inner structure of this bone that I think has mimicked the outward facade and the inner facade. The shapes found in the bones inner structure is andare some of the shapes that I see in the Roca london Gallery. These morphogenetic structures are what make the Gallery so interesting. With the rapid developing of 3d printing which is 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any shape from a digital model. 3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down in different shapes. 3D printing is also considered distinct from traditional machining techniques, which mostly rely on the removal of material by methods such as cutting or drilling. â&#x2014;? P

/50

A 3D printer is a limited type of industrial robot that is capable of carrying out an additive process under computer control. â&#x2014;? While 3D printing technology has been around since the 1980s, it was not until people started making their own and figuring out way to bring them to market affordable. That they really stared to take off around early 2010s that the printers became widely available commercially. The first working 3D printer was created in 1984 by Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp. Since the start of the 21st century there has been a large growth in the sales of these machines, and their price has dropped substantially. According to Wohlers Associates, a consultancy, the market for 3D printers and services was worth $2.2 billion worldwide in 2012, up 29% from 2011. â&#x2014;? The 3D printing technology is used for both prototyping with applications in architecture, construction (AEC), industrial design, automotive, aerospace, military, engineering, dental and medical industries, biotech (human tissue replacement), fashion, footwear, jewelry, eyewear, education, geographic information systems, food, and many other fields. With this new technology we are able to make things that where previously impossible. This process enable us to make products that use biomimicry and be able to copy those aspects form nature that we are mimicking accurately and affordably. While using less material than traditional manufacturing. So this means can expect biomimicry to become something that is a natural part of the design process. â&#x2014;? With atchitects like Zaha hadid who designed this gallery. Also

/51

BIBLIOGRAPHY “Roca London Gallery.” Zaha Hadid Architects ROCA London Gallery Comments. Zaha Hadid, 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. “Roca London Gallery by Zaha Hadid Architects.” The Building -. Roca Sanitario, S.A, 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. “Biomimicry in Action.” Janine Benyus:. Ted.com, July 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. Biomimicry.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Apr. 2014. Web. 29 Apr. 2014.

/52

/53

COLOPHON This book was Desiged by Max Burger using Adobe Indesign and adobe Illustratort for the graphics and layout. Pictures are form Zaha Hadid archives and Roca archives and various other sources and belong to there respective owners. They are used for educational purposes only. The typefaces used are Netto and Good Headline family. Printed on an Epson R3000. With Moab entranda (cover) and lasal (body).

/54

/55