Clevelandclinicinsights

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PRINTER-FRIENDLY VERSION AT rheumatologypracticenews.com

Rheumatology Practice News

34

May 2012

Special Edition

Expert Insights From Cleveland Clinic Rheumatologists

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hile visiting and interviewing several of the physicians who make up the Cleveland Clinic’s Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases (see article, p. 23), which is a part of the Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute there, we asked a few

of the rheumatologists to comment on recent clinical studies that they felt were important. What follows are a few such commentaries. Note that we have written a summary of the study findings followed by commentary written by a Cleveland Clinic physician.

Osteocyte-Secreting Sclerostin Targeted by Novel Drug From the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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n a Phase I trial, researchers have demonstrated that targeting sclerostin, an osteocyte-secreted protein, using a sclerostin monoclonal antibody—in this case, the novel AMG 785 (manufactured as part of a partnership between UCB and Amgen)—is both safe and effective in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. UCB and Amgen have announced their intention to commence Phase III trials of this

EXPERT INSIGHT Chad Deal, MD Head, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases Cleveland Clinic

novel antibody later this year. It is believed that sclerostin negatively regulates osteoblasts and inhibits bone formation. In this first trial in 72 humans, healthy men and postmenopausal women received a single dose of either AMG 785 or placebo (ratio, 3:1). AMG 785 was administered in doses of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg subcutaneously or 1 or 5 mg/ kg IV, and patients in both groups were monitored for up to 85 days, depending on the dose amount. The study results were published in the

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (2011;26:19-26). The authors, a team of researchers from Amgen, found that AMG 785 was “generally … well tolerated.” Only one treatment-related serious adverse event—nonspecific hepatitis—was reported (and resolved). No deaths or study discontinuations occurred. Interestingly, the researchers found that AMG 785 pharmacokinetics were “nonlinear” with respect to dose level. They observed dose-related increases in the bone

There currently is only one anabolic agent for osteoporosis, teriparatide. This study is the first in-human trial of a new anabolic agent, AMG 785, a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin. Sclerostin is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, a major pathway in cells for osteoblast function. Sclerosteosis is a disease that results from a homozygous genetic defect that reduces sclerostin

secretion. These patients have extremely high bone mass with Z-scores of at least 5.0 in many cases. AMG 785 binds to sclerostin, removing an inhibitor of Wnt signaling resulting in increased osteoblast function and bone formation. In this trial the drug, given as one subcutaneous injection, increased bone mass in the lumbar spine of postmenopausal women by 5.3% in 85 days. If the

formation markers procollagen type 1 N-propeptide, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin, as well as a dose-related decrease in the bone resorption marker serum C-telopeptide, the latter of which resulted in a large anabolic window. Additionally, on day 85, there were statistically significant increases in bone mineral density of up to 5.3% in the lumbar spine and 2.8% in the total hip compared with placebo. Six patients, all in the higher-dose groups, developed anti-AMG 785 antibodies.

rate of increase continues with additional doses in continuing trials, the one-year increase in bone mass would be more than 20%. This drug has the potential to be a game changer in treating osteoporosis. It is currently in Phase III trials for postmenopausal osteoporosis and for healing of hip and tibial fractures.

Bisphosphonates Carry Small Absolute Risk for Atypical Fracture From The New England Journal of Medicine

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population-based Swedish study has found that the absolute risk for atypical fracture of the femoral shaft associated with the use of bisphosphonates is small. The findings were published in The New England Journal of Medicine (2011;364:17281737, PMID: 21542743). Previous studies yielded conflicting results about a possible association between atypical femoral fractures and the use of bisphosphonates for reducing overall fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. The researchers

sought to clarify the issue with population-based nationwide analyses. In Sweden in 2008, 12,777 women aged 55 years or older sustained a fracture of the femur. Of these women, 1,271 had a femoral subtrochanteric or shaft fracture. Radiographs from 1,234 of these patients were reviewed, and 59 patients with atypical fractures were identified. Using national registries, the researchers obtained data on medications and coexisting conditions. Both a nationwide cohort analysis and a case–control study, comparing the 59 case patients with 263 control patients who had ordinary subtrochanteric or shaft fractures, were conducted.

In the cohort analysis, the ageadjusted relative risk for atypical fracture with any use of bisphosphonates was 47.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6-87.3). The increase in absolute risk was five cases per 10,000 patientyears (95% CI, 4-7), corresponding to an average number needed to harm of 2,000 per year of use. The risk was higher with longer duration of use. In the case–control study, 78% of the case patients received bisphosphonates compared with 10% of the controls, corresponding to a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 33.3 (95% CI, 14.3-77.8). The risk appeared to be independent of coexisting conditions,

age and concurrent use of systemic glucocorticoids or other drugs known to affect bone. There was a 70% reduction in risk for every year since the last use of bisphosphonates (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.21-0.38). The researchers concluded that, despite the high prevalence of current bisphosphonate use in patients with atypical fractures, the absolute risk for atypical fracture associated with bisphosphonates was small compared with the benefits of the medication for patients at high risk for osteoporotic fracture. These analyses, they said, “should be reassuring for bisphosphonate users.”


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