Summer 2017 Wild & Woolly by MD Small Ruminant Program

There’s An App ȱ For That !

Volume XVI Issue III Summer 2017

ByȱSusanȱSchoenianȱ

In This Issue Know Your Dewormers

Using Composite Fecal Samples For Resistance Testing

Anthelmintc Resistance On Sheep Farms In The Southeastern US

New Blog about Worms

Worminfo: A New Listserv

Skillathon Winners Announced

Disposing of Farm Medical Waste

Diěerences Among Meat Goat Breeds For Health & Reproduction

DE State University Has A New Small Ruminant Specialist

Interesting & Newsworthy

Tnanks to Farm to Feet

Scrapie Submissions 9 Needed Delmarva Small 9 Ruminant Conference- All Worms All Day Upcoming Events

Anȱappȱisȱsoftwareȱusedȱonȱaȱmobileȱdeviceȱsuchȱasȱaȱsmartȱphoneȱorȱtabletȱcomputer.ȱThereȱareȱmillionsȱofȱappsȱavailableȱ forȱdownloadȱforȱiOS,ȱandroid,ȱandȱotherȱ platforms.ȱ Asȱwithȱotherȱindustries,ȱthereȱareȱmanyȱ appsȱthatȱareȱusefulȱforȱfarmers,ȱincludingȱ sheepȱandȱgoatȱproducers.ȱSomeȱareȱfree.ȱ Someȱareȱavailableȱforȱpurchase.ȱSomeȱ haveȱannualȱfeesȱassociatedȱwithȱtheirȱ use.ȱSomeȱpaidȱappsȱhaveȱfreeȱorȱtrialȱversions.ȱȱ Comparedȱtoȱdesktopȱsoftware,ȱappsȱtendȱtoȱbeȱsignięcantlyȱlessȱexpensive,ȱalthoughȱ that’sȱnotȱalwaysȱtheȱcase.ȱSomeȱdesktopȱprogramsȱhaveȱcompanionȱmobileȱapps.ȱFlockFilerȱ(Ěockęler.com),ȱoneȱofȱtheȱbeĴerȱrecordȱkeepingȱprogramsȱ(forȱsheep),ȱhasȱaȱmobileȱ add-onȱforȱiOSȱdevices.ȱ Manyȱappsȱareȱveryȱsimplisticȱinȱtheȱinformationȱtheyȱprovide.ȱForȱexample,ȱUniversityȱ ofȱMinnesotaȱExtensionȱhasȱanȱappȱcalledȱHayCalcȱthatȱconvertsȱtheȱperȱbaleȱpriceȱofȱhayȱ toȱaȱperȱtonȱprice,ȱallowingȱusersȱtoȱcompareȱandȱchooseȱtheȱmostȱeconomicalȱhayȱforȱ theirȱanimals.ȱ ThereȱareȱseveralȱsimpleȱappsȱforȱdoingȱPearsonȱSquareȱcalculations.ȱTheȱPearsonȱSquareȱ isȱusedȱtoȱbalanceȱsimpleȱfeedȱrationsȱcontainingȱtwoȱingredients.ȱThereȱareȱalsoȱseveralȱ appsȱforȱcalculatingȱdueȱdatesȱforȱlivestockȱandȱtrackingȱbodyȱconditionȱscores.ȱ OneȱofȱtheȱmostȱusefulȱappsȱforȱsheepȱproducersȱisȱASIȱMarketȱNewsȱ(sheepusa.org),ȱ whichȱprovidesȱnationalȱandȱauctionȱmarketȱreportsȱfromȱacrossȱtheȱUnitedȱStates.ȱNewȱ Hollandȱ(PA)ȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱreportsȱincludedȱinȱtheȱapp.ȱTheȱappȱalsoȱincludesȱaȱbreakevenȱ calculator.ȱ Manyȱappsȱserveȱasȱreferences.ȱVetGRAMȱisȱanȱappȱofȱtheȱFoodȱAnimalȱResidueȱAvoidanceȱDatabaseȱ(FARAD).ȱItȱprovidesȱwithdrawalȱtimesȱforȱdrugs,ȱespeciallyȱextraȱlabel.ȱ Thereȱareȱseveralȱdatabasesȱofȱanimalȱdrugs.ȱTheȱMerckȱVeterinaryȱManualȱisȱavailableȱasȱ aȱpaidȱapp.ȱOklahomaȱStateȱUniversityȱhasȱanȱappȱthatȱprovidesȱinformationȱaboutȱtoxicȱ plants.ȱ NewȱMexicoȱStateȱUniversityȱhasȱanȱappȱthatȱ4-Hersȱcanȱuseȱtoȱkeepȱrecordsȱonȱtheirȱlivestockȱprojectsȱ(hĴp://apps.nmsu.edu/4h-livestock-record.html).ȱLivestockȱWeightsȱ (livestockweights.com)ȱisȱanȱappȱwriĴenȱbyȱaȱMarylandȱ4-Hȱvolunteer.ȱItȱhelpsȱtoȱmonitorȱ theȱweightsȱofȱ4-Hȱmarketȱanimals.ȱThereȱareȱseveralȱappsȱthatȱcalculateȱscoresȱforȱjudgingȱcontests.ȱ

(Continuedȱonȱpageȱ9ȱ)ȱ

(Dectomax®),ȱandȱeprinomectinȱ(Eprinex®).ȱMoxidectinȱ

ByȱSusanȱSchoenianȱ Anthelminticȱisȱtheȱfancyȱtermȱforȱdewormerȱorȱantiparasiticȱdrug.ȱAnȱanthelminticȱkillsȱorȱexpelsȱworms.ȱ Wormsȱhaveȱdevelopedȱvaryingȱdegreesȱofȱresistanceȱ toȱallȱdewormersȱandȱdewormerȱ“chemical”ȱclasses.ȱ

(Cydectin®)ȱisȱtheȱonlyȱmilbimycin.ȱȱ Similarȱtoȱtheȱbenzimidazoles,ȱtheȱMLsȱhaveȱaȱbroadȱ spectrumȱofȱactivityȱandȱwideȱmarginȱofȱsafety.ȱTheyȱ haveȱtwoȱnotableȱdistinctions.ȱTheyȱhaveȱeĜcacyȱagainstȱ externalȱparasites.ȱIvomec®ȱisȱspecięcallyȱlabeledȱforȱtheȱ

Whileȱthereȱareȱmanyȱdewormersȱcommerciallyȱavaila-

controlȱofȱnasalȱbotsȱ(botȱĚies).ȱTheyȱhaveȱpersistentȱac-

bleȱtoȱsheepȱandȱgoatȱproducers,ȱallȱfallȱintoȱthreeȱclas-

tivity,ȱmaintainingȱsomeȱeĜcacyȱafterȱadministration.ȱȱ

ses:ȱȱ1)ȱbenzimidazoles;ȱ2)ȱmacrocylicȱlactones;ȱandȱ3)ȱ nicotinicȱagonists.ȱDrugsȱinȱtheȱsameȱclassȱhaveȱsimilarȱ chemistriesȱandȱmodesȱofȱaction.ȱWhenȱresistanceȱdevelopsȱtoȱoneȱdrugȱinȱtheȱclass,ȱthereȱisȱcross-resistanceȱ toȱtheȱothers.ȱ

Resistanceȱtendsȱtoȱbeȱhighȱamongȱtheȱavermectins,ȱwithȱ 100%ȱofȱfarmsȱtestedȱinȱlastȱyear’sȱLet’sȱGrowȱprojectȱ havingȱivermectinȱresistance.ȱCydectin®ȱisȱstillȱeěectiveȱ onȱmanyȱfarms.ȱCydectin®ȱwillȱinitiallyȱkillȱivermectinresistantȱworms,ȱbutȱresistanceȱtoȱCydectin©ȱwillȱdevel-

Theȱbenzimidazoleȱ(BZ)ȱclassȱincludesȱfenbendazoleȱ

opȱquicklyȱ(ifȱoverused)ȱdueȱtoȱitsȱsimilarityȱtoȱivermec-

(SafeGuard®),ȱalbendazoleȱ(Valbazen®),ȱandȱoxfend-

tin.ȱ

azoleȱ(Synanthic®).ȱBenzimidazolesȱhaveȱaȱbroadȱspectrumȱofȱactivity,ȱbeingȱeěectiveȱagainstȱadultȱandȱimmatureȱwormsȱ(L4s),ȱasȱwellȱasȱhypobioticȱlarvaeȱ(andȱ lungworms).ȱTheyȱareȱtheȱonlyȱclassȱwithȱeĜcacyȱ againstȱtapeworms,ȱthoughȱValbazen®ȱisȱtheȱonlyȱdrugȱ labeledȱforȱthisȱuseȱinȱsmallȱruminants.ȱ

theȱdrugȱofȱchoiceȱforȱtheȱmeningealȱ(deer,ȱbrain)ȱ worm.ȱTheȱbenzimidazolesȱhaveȱaȱwideȱmarginȱofȱsafety,ȱbutȱValbazen®ȱshouldȱnotȱbeȱgivenȱduringȱtheȱęrstȱ 30ȱdaysȱofȱpregnancy.ȱResistanceȱtendsȱtoȱbeȱhighestȱinȱ theȱBZȱgroup,ȱwithȱ100%ȱofȱfarmsȱtestedȱinȱlastȱyear’sȱ Let’sȱGrowȱprojectȱhavingȱBZȱresistance.ȱ

againstȱinternalȱparasites.ȱȱ Theȱnicotinicȱagonistȱgroupȱincludesȱtwoȱsub-groups:ȱ soleȱ(Prohibit®,ȱLeva-Med®)ȱisȱtheȱonlyȱdrugȱinȱtheȱęrstȱ group.ȱTheȱlaĴerȱgroupȱincludesȱmorantelȱtartrateȱ (Rumatel®)ȱandȱpyrantelȱ(Strongid®).ȱRumatelȱisȱaȱfeedȱ pellet.ȱItsȱuniqueȱdistinctionȱisȱitsȱzeroȱwithdrawalȱperiodȱ forȱmilk.ȱ LevamisoleȱhasȱlimitedȱeĜcacyȱagainstȱlarvae,ȱincludingȱ hypobioticȱlarvae.ȱLevamisoleȱalsoȱhasȱtheȱnarrowestȱ

Theȱmacrocylicȱlactoneȱ(ML)ȱgroupȱincludesȱtwoȱsubgroups:ȱȱ1)ȱavermectins;ȱandȱ2)ȱmilbimycins.ȱȱTheȱavermectinsȱincludeȱivermectinȱ(Ivomec®),ȱdoramectinȱ

Benzimidazoles

parasites,ȱwhereasȱtheȱmilbimycinsȱhaveȱgreaterȱeĜcacyȱ

imidazothiazolesȱandȱtetrahydropyrimidines.ȱȱLevami-

Valbazen®ȱalsoȱkillsȱadultȱliverȱĚukes.ȱSafeGuard®ȱisȱ

TheȱavermectinsȱhaveȱgreaterȱeĜcacyȱagainstȱexternalȱ

marginȱofȱsafety,ȱatȱ3xȱtheȱlabeledȱdoseȱ(forȱsheep).ȱHowever,ȱlevamisoleȱisȱusuallyȱtheȱmostȱeěectiveȱanthelmintic.ȱ

Macrocylic lactones

Nicotinic agonists

Avermectins

Milbimycins

Imidazothiazoles

Tetrahydropyrimidines

Fenbendazoleȱ SafeGuard®

Ivermectinȱ Ivomec® Doramectinȱ Dectomax®

Levamisoleȱ Prohibit®ȱ Leva-Med®

Mortantelȱ Rumatel®

Albendazoleȱ Valbazen®

Moxidectinȱ Cydectin®ȱ Quest®

Oxfendazoleȱ Synanthic®

Eprinomectinȱ Eprinex®

Pyrantelȱ Strongid®

(Continuedȱonȱpageȱȱ3)ȱ

Know Your Dewormers (continued from page 2) TheȱdrenchȱformulationsȱofȱValbazen®,ȱIvomec®,ȱCydectin®,ȱandȱlevamisoleȱareȱallȱFDA-approvedȱforȱsheep.ȱSafeGuard®ȱ(drench)ȱandȱ rumatelȱ(feed)ȱareȱFDA-approvedȱforȱgoats.ȱValbazen®ȱisȱapprovedȱforȱ controlȱofȱliverȱĚukesȱinȱgoats.ȱDewormersȱgivenȱtoȱsheepȱareȱoftenȱgivenȱtoȱgoats.ȱThisȱisȱpermissibleȱwhenȱitȱisȱdoneȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱtheȱ extraȱlabelȱdrugȱlawȱ(veterinaryȱinvolvementȱrequired).ȱȱ TheȱAmericanȱConsortiumȱforȱSmallȱRuminantȱParasiteȱControlȱ (wormx.info)ȱrecommendsȱgoatsȱreceiveȱ1.5ȱ(levamisole)ȱtoȱ2xȱ(others)ȱ theȱlabeledȱsheepȱdoseȱbecauseȱgoatsȱmetabolizeȱdewormersȱmoreȱrapidly.ȱTheȱconsortiumȱisȱalsoȱnowȱrecommendingȱthatȱcombinationȱtreatmentsȱbeȱgivenȱtoȱtreatȱclinically-parasitizedȱanimals.ȱAȱcombinationȱ treatmentȱisȱwhenȱyouȱadministerȱaȱdewormerȱfromȱeachȱdewormerȱ classȱatȱtheȱsameȱtimeȱatȱfullȱdose,ȱresultingȱinȱfewerȱwormsȱsurvivingȱ treatment.ȱȱ

Using Composite Fecal Samples For Resistance Testing Anthelminticȱ(dewormer)ȱresistanceȱisȱaȱworldwideȱproblemȱandȱ growing,ȱnotȱjustȱinȱsheepȱandȱgoats,ȱbutȱalsoȱcaĴle.ȱTheȱfecalȱeggȱ countȱreductionȱtestȱ(FECRT)ȱisȱcurrentlyȱtheȱonlyȱmethodȱforȱdeterminingȱanthelminticȱresistanceȱatȱtheȱfarmȱlevel.ȱWithȱaȱFECRT,ȱ fecalȱsamplesȱareȱcomparedȱbeforeȱandȱafterȱtreatmentȱ(currentȱprotocol)ȱorȱtheȱfecalȱsamplesȱfromȱtreatedȱanimalsȱareȱcomparedȱtoȱ untreatedȱ(control)ȱanimalsȱ(oldȱprotocol).ȱ Becauseȱofȱtheȱcostȱandȱlaborȱassociatedȱwithȱfecalȱeggȱcountingȱ (FEC),ȱitȱisȱrarelyȱperformedȱonȱfarms,ȱunlessȱitȱisȱforȱresearchȱpurposes.ȱOneȱapproachȱtoȱreducingȱtheȱcostȱofȱtheȱFECRTȱisȱtheȱuseȱofȱ pooledȱcompositeȱsamplesȱforȱperformingȱfecalȱeggȱcounts,ȱratherȱ thanȱconductingȱFECȱonȱ15-20ȱindividualȱanimals.ȱ ResearchersȱatȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱGeorgiaȱconductedȱaȱstudyȱwithȱ14ȱ groupsȱofȱcaĴleȱtoȱcompareȱtheȱresultsȱofȱcompositeȱsamplingȱversusȱindividualȱsampling.ȱResultsȱofȱtheirȱstudyȱwereȱpublishedȱinȱ theȱJuneȱissueȱofȱVeterinary Parasito lo gy.ȱTheȱarticleȱalsoȱdescribesȱ methodsȱforȱconductingȱcompositeȱsampling.ȱ ResearchersȱfoundȱliĴleȱdiěerenceȱbetweenȱtheȱapproachesȱwithȱ 98%ȱagreementȱinȱmeanȱfecalȱeggȱcountȱfoundȱbetweenȱtheȱmethods.ȱThereȱwasȱgreaterȱthanȱ95%ȱagreementȱinȱdrugȱeĜcacyȱ ȱȱȱȱȱbetweenȱtheȱcompositeȱandȱindividualȱsamples.ȱȱ Theȱdataȱdemonstratedȱthatȱpoolingȱfecalȱsamplesȱ(fromȱaȱgroupȱofȱcaĴle)ȱandȱthenȱperformingȱrepeatedȱFECȱonȱthatȱȱ compositeȱsampleȱyieldsȱveryȱsimilarȱresultsȱcomparedȱtoȱperformingȱindividualȱFECȱonȱthoseȱsameȱanimals.ȱȱ CompositeȱsamplingȱcanȱsubstantiallyȱreduceȱtheȱcostȱofȱperformingȱaȱFECRT,ȱwhichȱmayȱresultȱinȱmoreȱproducersȱtestingȱforȱresistance.ȱItȱisȱrecommendedȱthatȱsheepȱandȱgoatȱproducersȱtestȱforȱanthelminticȱresistanceȱeveryȱ2-3ȱyears.ȱ Sourceȱ:ȱhĴp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401717301863ȱ

Anthelmintic Resistance On Sheep Farms In The Southeastern US Lastȱyear,ȱtheȱAmericanȱSheepȱIndustryȱAssociation’sȱ Let’sȱGrowȱProgramȱfundedȱaȱprojectȱtoȱdetermineȱanthelminticȱ(dewormer)ȱresistanceȱonȱthirtyȱcommercialȱ sheepȱfarmsȱinȱMaryland,ȱVirginia,ȱandȱGeorgia.ȱ

Theȱwormȱlarvaeȱmostȱcommonlyȱidentięedȱinȱtheȱ twenty-sixȱsamplesȱwasȱHaem o nchus co nto rtus,ȱbeĴerȱ knownȱasȱtheȱbarberȱpoleȱworm.ȱOnȱavearge,ȱtheȱsamplesȱcontainȱ82.1ȱ±ȱ3.8%ȱHaemonchus.ȱAllȱbutȱtwoȱ farmsȱhadȱmoreȱthanȱ50%ȱHaem o nchus.ȱ

TheȱDrenchRite®ȱtestȱwasȱusedȱtoȱdetermineȱresistance.ȱItȱisȱaȱlabor-intensiveȱlaboratoryȱtestȱthatȱdeterminesȱresistanceȱtoȱallȱdewormersȱandȱdewormerȱ “classes”ȱsimultaneouslyȱfromȱaȱsingleȱpooledȱfecalȱ sample.ȱTheȱUniversityȱofȱGeorgiaȱisȱtheȱonlyȱplaceȱ whereȱtheȱtestȱisȱperformedȱ(inȱtheȱUS).ȱ

Theȱpercentageȱofȱfarmsȱwithȱresistanceȱtoȱbenzimidazolesȱ(SafeGuard®,ȱValbazen®),ȱavermectinsȱ(Ivomec®,ȱ Dectomax®,ȱEprinex®),ȱmoxidectinȱ(Cydectin®),ȱandȱ levamisoleȱ(Prohibit®,ȱLeva-Med®)ȱwasȱdeterminedȱtoȱ beȱ100,ȱ92.3,ȱ84.6,ȱandȱ42.3ȱpercentȱrespectively.ȱȱ

Inȱ2016,ȱsamplesȱwereȱsubmiĴedȱfromȱ26ȱfarms.ȱFourȱ moreȱfarmsȱwillȱbeȱsampledȱthisȱsummer.ȱTheȱprojectȱ cost-sharedȱtheȱtestȱforȱfarmersȱinterestedȱinȱtestingȱforȱ resistance.ȱTheȱtestȱcostsȱ$450.ȱTheȱprojectȱpaidȱhalf.ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Whileȱaȱfecalȱeggȱcountȱreductionȱtestȱquantięesȱtheȱ eggsȱinȱaȱsampleȱandȱcomparesȱitȱtoȱaȱpre-treatmentȱorȱ controlȱfecalȱeggȱcount,ȱtheȱDrenchRiteȱtestȱletsȱtheȱ eggsȱinȱtheȱsampleȱhatchȱintoȱlarvae.ȱTheȱwormȱspeciesȱ canȱbeȱdeterminedȱfromȱtheȱlarvae.ȱLarvaeȱisȱputȱinȱ wellsȱonȱaȱspecialȱplate.ȱȱTheȱwellsȱcontainȱdoublingȱ concentrationsȱofȱtheȱdrugs.ȱCriticalȱwellȱvaluesȱwhichȱ correlateȱtoȱfecalȱeggȱcountȱreductionsȱareȱusedȱtoȱdetermineȱresistance.ȱȱ

Resistanceȱtoȱmoxidectinȱandȱlevamisoleȱwasȱlowerȱonȱ Marylandȱfarms,ȱcomparedȱtoȱfarmsȱinȱVirginiaȱandȱ Georgia.ȱȱResistanceȱtoȱavermectinsȱwasȱsimilar.ȱAllȱ farmsȱhadȱresistanceȱtoȱbenzimidizoles.ȱAllȱfarmsȱhadȱ resistanceȱtoȱoneȱorȱmoreȱanthelmintics,ȱbutȱthereȱwereȱ diěerencesȱbetweenȱfarmsȱandȱstates.ȱȱ Forȱeěectiveȱcontrolȱprograms,ȱfarmersȱneedȱtoȱtestȱforȱ anthelminticȱresistanceȱandȱimplementȱtreatmentȱprotocolsȱwhichȱmaximizeȱfecalȱeggȱcountȱreduction.ȱ

Resistanceȱisȱpresentȱifȱtheȱpercentageȱreductionȱinȱfecalȱeggȱcountȱisȱlessȱthanȱ95ȱpercent.ȱAsȱtheȱpercentageȱ decreases,ȱtheȱdewormerȱbecomesȱlessȱandȱlessȱeěective.ȱAtȱ<50%,ȱitȱisȱnoȱlongerȱeěectiveȱasȱtheȱsoleȱtreatment.ȱ

New Blog About Worms AȱblogȱhasȱbeenȱaddedȱtoȱtheȱwebȱsiteȱofȱtheȱAmericanȱConsortiumȱforȱSmallȱRuminantȱParasiteȱControlȱ(ACSRPC).ȱTheȱ purposeȱofȱtheȱblogȱisȱtoȱprovideȱproducersȱwithȱtheȱmostȱup-to-dateȱinformationȱonȱinternalȱparasiteȱcontrolȱinȱsmallȱȱ ruminants.ȱȱhĴp://www.wormx.info/blogȱ

WORMINFO: A New Listserv WORMINFOȱisȱtheȱnameȱofȱaȱnewȱlistserv.ȱAȱlistservȱisȱanȱelectronicȱmailingȱlist.ȱ SubscribersȱtoȱWORMINFOȱwillȱreceiveȱanȱemailȱwhenȱnewȱinformationȱhasȱbeenȱpostedȱtoȱtheȱwebȱsiteȱ(wormx.infoȱorȱ acsrpc.org)ȱofȱtheȱAmericanȱConsortiumȱforȱSmallȱRuminantȱParasiteȱControlȱ(ACSRPC).ȱTheȱlistȱmayȱalsoȱbeȱusedȱtoȱdistributeȱgeneralȱinformationȱaboutȱinternalȱparasiteȱcontrolȱinȱsmallȱruminantsȱ ToȱsubscribeȱtoȱtheȱWORMINFOȱlistserv,ȱsendȱanȱemailȱmessageȱtoȱlistserv@listserv.umd.edu.ȱInȱtheȱbodyȱofȱtheȱmessage,ȱ writeȱsubscribeȱWORMINFO.ȱ

Skillathon Winners Announced Aboutȱsixtyȱyouthȱcompetedȱinȱtheȱ2017ȱJuniorȱSheepȱ&ȱGoatȱSkillathon,ȱ heldȱMayȱ8ȱatȱtheȱMarylandȱSheepȱ&ȱWoolȱFestival.ȱYouthȱandȱteamsȱ competedȱaccordingȱtoȱtheirȱagesȱasȱofȱJanuaryȱ1:ȱȱJunior,ȱ8-10;ȱIntermediate,ȱ11-13;ȱandȱSenior,ȱ14-19.ȱ Theȱ1stȱplaceȱjuniorȱwasȱMaĴhewȱSimpsonȱfromȱWestȱVirginia.ȱEddynȱ MoldenȱfromȱFrederickȱCounty,ȱVirginia,ȱplacedȱ2nd.ȱBrookeȱCrandellȱ fromȱPennsylvaniaȱwasȱ3rd.ȱTheȱ1stȱplaceȱjuniorȱteamȱwasȱtheȱteamȱfromȱ FrederickȱCounty,ȱVirginia.ȱHowardȱCountyȱ(Maryland)ȱhadȱtheȱ2ndȱ placeȱjuniorȱteam.ȱȱMontgomeryȱCountyȱwasȱ3rd.ȱ Inȱtheȱintermediateȱdivision,ȱLizzyȱMillerȱfromȱMontgomeryȱCountyȱ

JuniorȱSkillathonȱWinnersȱ

wasȱ1st.ȱAnaȱClemmerȱfromȱHowardȱCountyȱwasȱ2ndȱandȱJordanȱKellyȱ fromȱFrederickȱCountyȱ(Virginia)ȱwasȱ3rd.ȱTheȱ1stȱplaceȱintermediateȱ teamȱwasȱtheȱteamȱfromȱFrederickȱCountyȱ(Virginia).ȱFrederickȱCounty,ȱ Maryland,ȱwasȱ2nd.ȱ Inȱtheȱseniorȱdivision,ȱBrieĴaȱLathamȱfromȱHowardȱCountyȱplacedȱ1st.ȱ TwoȱCharlesȱCountyȱ4-Hersȱplacedȱ2ndȱandȱ3rd,ȱrespectively:ȱȱHayleyȱ TannerȱandȱTaylarȱBurch.ȱHowardȱCountyȱhadȱtheȱ1stȱplaceȱseniorȱ team,ȱfollowedȱbyȱFrederickȱCounty,ȱVirginia,ȱandȱFrederickȱCountyȱ Maryland.ȱ TheȱMarylandȱSheepȱBreedersȱAssociationȱprovidedȱribbonsȱandȱpremiumsȱtoȱtheȱtopȱ10ȱindividualsȱinȱeachȱageȱdivisionȱandȱFestivalȱt-

IntermediateȱSkillathonȱWinnersȱ

shirtsȱtoȱtheȱtop-3ȱteams.ȱȱ SpecialȱthanksȱtoȱChrisȱAnderson,ȱ4-HȱYouthȱAnimalȱScienceȱSpecialistȱ withȱUniversityȱofȱMarylandȱExtension,ȱforȱrunningȱthisȱyearȇsȱskillathon,ȱwhileȱSusanȱSchoenian,ȱSheepȱ&ȱGoatȱSpecialist,ȱwasȱonȱsabbatical.ȱThanksȱtoȱeveryoneȱwhoȱhelpedȱwithȱthisȱyear’sȱskillathon.ȱ TheȱskillathonȱisȱalwaysȱheldȱtheȱęrstȱweekendȱofȱMayȱ(Sunday)ȱatȱtheȱ MarylandȱSheepȱ&ȱWoolȱFestival.ȱCompetitionȱisȱopenȱtoȱindividualsȱ andȱteamsȱofȱyouthȱ(ageȱ8-18)ȱfromȱanyȱstateȱorȱprovince.ȱ Images by Chris Anderson hĴp://www.sheepandgoat.com/skillathonȱ

SeniorȱSkillathonȱWinnersȱ

More Information On Sheep & Goats Can Be Accessed At: hĴp://www.sheepandgoat.com/

ȱhĴp://www.acsrpc.orgȱorȱwormx.infoȱȱȱȱȱȱȱhĴp://mdgoaĴest.blogspot.comȱ

hĴp://www.sheep101.info/ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱhĴps://www.facebook.com/MDSmallȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱhĴp://issuu.com/mdsheepgoatȱ

hĴp://mdsheepgoat.blogspot.comȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱhĴps://www.youtube.com/c/MarylandExtensionSmallRuminantProgramȱ

Disposing of Farm Medical Waste byȱDanȱGrooms,ȱMichiganȱStateȱUniversityȱandȱȱ Sandyȱ(Amass)ȱSanȱMiguel,ȱPurdueȱUniversityȱ Livestockȱproducersȱcanȱpotentiallyȱgenerateȱmedicalȱ wasteȱonȱaȱdailyȱbasis.ȱTheseȱwastesȱincludeȱsharpsȱ (needles,ȱsyringes,ȱandȱscalpels)ȱandȱdrugȱcontainersȱ (emptyȱdrugȱorȱvaccineȱvials)ȱandȱoutdatedȱdrugs.ȱȱ Asȱstewardsȱofȱtheȱenvironment,ȱlivestockȱproducersȱ shouldȱtakeȱprecautionsȱtoȱassureȱthatȱmedicalȱwastesȱdoȱ notȱbecomeȱhazardsȱtoȱthemselves,ȱtheirȱfamilies,ȱtheirȱ operationsȱorȱtheȱcommunity.ȱ Sharpsȱ Sharpsȱcommonlyȱusedȱonȱfarmsȱincludeȱneedles,ȱsyringesȱandȱscalpels.ȱIfȱnotȱdisposedȱofȱproperlyȱtheyȱcanȱ injureȱlivestock,ȱinjureȱfamilyȱmembers,ȱinjureȱwasteȱ handlers,ȱincreaseȱtheȱriskȱofȱinfection,ȱandȱpolluteȱtheȱ environment.ȱ Sharpsȱshouldȱbeȱcollectedȱonȱtheȱfarmȱinȱaȱrigidȱpunctureȱresistantȱcontainerȱthatȱhasȱaȱscrew-onȱorȱtightlyȱ securedȱlid.ȱContainersȱspecięcallyȱdesignedȱforȱthisȱpurposeȱcanȱbeȱpurchasedȱfromȱhealthȱsuppliersȱincludingȱ yourȱlocalȱveterinarian.ȱ Otherȱpotentialȱ“sharps”ȱcontainers,ȱwhileȱnotȱasȱsatisfactoryȱasȱspecialȱpurposeȱones,ȱincludeȱanȱempty,ȱthickwalledȱdetergentȱboĴleȱorȱanȱemptyȱ5-gallonȱdrum.ȱ GlassȱboĴles,ȱthinȱwalledȱjugs,ȱsuchȱasȱmilkȱjugs,ȱcoěeeȱ cans,ȱpopȱcansȱorȱplasticȱbagsȱareȱnotȱacceptableȱforȱdisposingȱofȱsharps.ȱ

SharpsȱContainerȱ

Used drug containers Emptyȱorȱpartiallyȱemptyȱdrugȱcontainersȱshouldȱbeȱ properlyȱdisposedȱofȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱriskȱofȱenvironmentalȱ contaminationȱwithȱchemicalsȱorȱinfectiousȱagents.ȱTheseȱ include,ȱamongȱothers:ȱinjectableȱmedicationsȱ(antibiotics,ȱ vitaminsȱandȱminerals,ȱandȱmastitisȱtubes),ȱoralȱmedicationsȱ(dewormers,ȱantibiotics,ȱandȱvitaminsȱandȱminerals),ȱ andȱtopicalȱmedicationsȱ(sprays,ȱdewormers,ȱandȱointments).ȱȱ Vaccinesȱ Alwaysȱcarefullyȱreadȱtheȱmanufacturers’ȱlabelȱrecommendationsȱforȱdisposingȱofȱemptyȱorȱpartiallyȱemptyȱ drugȱcontainers.ȱMostȱcanȱbeȱburnedȱorȱdisposedȱofȱinȱaȱ sanitaryȱlandęll.ȱUnusedȱproductsȱshouldȱnotȱbeȱdumpedȱ downȱaȱdrainȱorȱonȱtheȱground.ȱDisinfectantȱshouldȱbeȱ

Whenȱonȱtheȱroadȱ(livestockȱshows),ȱmakeȱsureȱtoȱbringȱ smallȱ“sharps”ȱdisposalȱcontainersȱasȱwellȱasȱbagsȱtoȱcarryȱotherȱmedicalȱwastesȱbackȱtoȱtheȱfarm.ȱContainersȱ shouldȱbeȱvisiblyȱlabeledȱidentifyingȱitȱasȱaȱbiohazardȱ wasteȱcontainer.ȱToȱavoidȱaccidentalȱrecycling,ȱclearlyȱ labelȱtheȱcontainerȱasȱnonrecyclable.ȱWhenȱtheȱcontainerȱ isȱfull,ȱitȱshouldȱbeȱsealedȱandȱtheȱlidȱęrmlyȱsecured.ȱȱ

addedȱtoȱunusedȱportionsȱofȱliveȱorȱmodięed-liveȱvaccinesȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱaccidentalȱexposureȱtoȱunintendedȱ populations.ȱBrokenȱglassȱvialsȱshouldȱbeȱplacedȱinȱaȱrigidȱ cardboardȱboxȱandȱclearlyȱlabeledȱasȱ“BrokenȱGlass.”ȱȱȱ Unusedȱdrugsȱorȱvaccinesȱthatȱhaveȱbecomeȱoutdatedȱ shouldȱbeȱdisposedȱofȱproperly.ȱTheyȱcanȱoftenȱbeȱre-

Ductȱorȱpackagingȱtapeȱworksȱwellȱtoȱsecureȱtheȱlids.ȱ Disposalȱofȱsharpsȱmayȱbeȱregulatedȱbyȱyourȱstate.ȱContactȱtheȱagencyȱinȱyourȱstateȱthatȱisȱinȱchargeȱofȱoverseeingȱtheȱdisposalȱofȱmedicalȱwastes.ȱAȱlistȱofȱtheseȱagenciesȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱatȱtheȱfollowingȱEPAȱWebȱsite:ȱȱhĴps:// www.epa.gov/home/health-and-environmental-agencies -us-states-and-territories. Alternatively,ȱyouȱmayȱbeȱableȱtoȱidentifyȱaȱveterinarian,ȱ hospital,ȱpharmacy,ȱphysicianȱorȱdentistȱoĜceȱthatȱwillȱ acceptȱfarmȱorȱhouseholdȱgeneratedȱmedicalȱwastes.ȱ Someȱstatesȱhaveȱregisteredȱ“sharps”ȱcollectionȱstations.ȱ

turnedȱtoȱtheȱmanufacturerȱorȱtoȱtheȱplaceȱofȱpurchaseȱforȱ properȱdisposal.ȱ Miscellaneous Medical Wasteȱ Otherȱmedicalȱwasteȱthatȱmayȱbeȱgeneratedȱonȱlivestockȱ farmsȱincludeȱbandagesȱandȱmedicalȱgloves.ȱTheseȱitemsȱ shouldȱbeȱplacedȱinȱsecurelyȱfastenedȱleakȱproofȱbagsȱbeforeȱpuĴingȱthemȱinȱwithȱtheȱrestȱofȱyourȱtrash.ȱ Reprintedȱwithȱpermissionȱofȱauthors.ȱ

Differences Among Meat Goat Breeds for Health and Reproduction Forȱmanyȱyears,ȱTennesseeȱStateȱUniversity,ȱunderȱtheȱdirectionȱ ofȱDr.ȱRichardȱBrowning,ȱhasȱconductedȱstudiesȱcomparingȱ diěerencesȱamongȱmeatȱgoatȱbreeds.ȱTheȱmostȱrecentlyȱpublishedȱstudyȱcomparedȱfourȱmeatȱgoatȱbreedsȱforȱdoeȱętnessȱ traits.ȱItȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱfewȱstudiesȱinȱwhichȱtheȱMyotonicȱhasȱ beenȱincluded.ȱTheȱMyotonicȱisȱaȱheritageȱbreed,ȱalsoȱknownȱasȱ aȱfaintingȱgoat.ȱ Doesȱ(115ȱKiko,ȱ73ȱBoer,ȱ114ȱSpanish,ȱandȱ80ȱMyotonic)ȱwereȱ comparedȱforȱtraitsȱassociatedȱwithȱhealthȱandȱreproduction.ȱ Theȱherdȱwasȱsemi-intensivelyȱmanagedȱforȱsixȱyearsȱonȱhumid,ȱ sub-tropicalȱpastures.ȱTheȱstudyȱincludedȱ838ȱdoe-yearȱmatingsȱ andȱoverȱ2,000ȱrecordsȱforȱbodyȱweightsȱ(BW),ȱfecalȱeggȱcountsȱ (FECs),ȱandȱpackedȱcellȱvolumesȱ(PCVs).ȱ

Myotonicȱbuckȱkidsȱ

BoerȱandȱKikoȱdoesȱwereȱheavierȱthanȱSpanishȱdoes,ȱwhichȱwereȱheavierȱthanȱMyotonicȱdoes.ȱMytonicȱdoesȱhadȱtheȱlowestȱFECs.ȱBoerȱdoesȱhadȱtheȱhighest.ȱKikoȱandȱSpanishȱdoesȱwereȱintermediate.ȱKiko,ȱSpanish,ȱandȱMytonicȱdoesȱhadȱ higherȱPVCsȱthanȱBoerȱdoes.ȱDoeȱageȱandȱphysiologicalȱstateȱalsoȱaěectedȱBW,ȱFEC,ȱandȱPCV.ȱȱ Annualȱkiddingȱrates,ȱweaningȱrates,ȱdoeȱretentionȱrates,ȱandȱkidȱcropȱweanedȱwereȱgreaterȱforȱKikoȱandȱSpanishȱdoesȱ thanȱBoerȱdoes.ȱMyotonicȱdoesȱwereȱintermediate.ȱResultsȱofȱtheȱstudyȱindicateȱthatȱKikoȱandȱSpanishȱdoesȱshouldȱbeȱ favoredȱoverȱBoerȱandȱMyotonicȱdoesȱforȱcommercialȱmeatȱgoatȱproduction;ȱhowever,ȱMyotonicȱdoesȱwarrantȱfurtherȱ evaluationȱdueȱtoȱtheirȱlowerȱFECs.ȱȱ Source:ȱJournalȱofȱAnimalȱScience,ȱAprilȱ2017ȱ

Delaware Has A New Small Ruminant Specialist Dr.ȱKwameȱMaĴhewsȱjoinedȱDelawareȱStateȱUniversityȱ(DSU)ȱasȱanȱAssistantȱProfessorȱandȱSmallȱ RuminantȱExtensionȱSpecialistȱwithȱaȱsplitȱappointmentȱinȱExtension,ȱResearchȱandȱTeaching.ȱHisȱ Master’sȱworkȱincludedȱusingȱnaturalȱdewormersȱ andȱbreedȱresistanceȱtoȱcontrolȱinternalȱparasiteȱ loadsȱinȱsmallȱruminantsȱwhileȱhisȱPh.D.ȱworkȱincludedȱidentięcationȱofȱchemicalȱcompoundsȱthatȱ canȱinhibitȱtheȱessentialȱphospholipidȱbiosyntheticȱ enzymesȱinȱH. co nto rtus.ȱ Dr.ȱMaĴhewsȱplansȱtoȱuseȱbasicȱandȱappliedȱresearchȱtoȱidentifyȱnovelȱmeansȱofȱparasiteȱcontrolȱ whichȱwillȱbeȱapplicableȱforȱproducers.ȱAlso,ȱheȱisȱ interestedȱinȱlow-inputȱsmallȱruminantȱproductionȱ andȱassistingȱproducersȱwithȱbestȱmanagementȱ practicesȱtoȱcontrolȱparasites.ȱ Dr.ȱMaĴhewsȱisȱęllingȱtheȱpositionȱleftȱbyȱDr.ȱDahliaȱO’Brien,ȱwhoȱisȱnowȱatȱVirginiaȱStateȱUniversity.ȱ Fromȱleftȱtoȱright,ȱJasmineȱHarris,ȱDr.ȱKwameȱMathewsȱandȱFrancesȱBlake.ȱȱ ForȱinformationȱregardingȱtheȱsmallȱruminantȱprogramȱatȱDSU,ȱfeelȱfreeȱtoȱcontactȱDr.ȱKwameȱ MaĴhewsȱviaȱemailȱ(kmaĴhews@desu.edu)ȱorȱphoneȱ (302-857-1020)ȱandȱbeȱsureȱtoȱvisitȱDSU’sȱsmallȱȱ ruminantȱprogramȱFacebookȱpage.ȱ (hĴps://www.facebook.com/DSUSmallRuminantProgram).ȱ

Interesting & Newsworthy x Scientistsȱsuccessfullyȱgrewȱbabyȱsheepȱinȱan artięcialȱwomb.ȱTheȱartięcialȱwombȱ(calledȱa biobag)ȱlooksȱlikeȱanȱoversizedȱziplockȱbag strewnȱwithȱtubesȱofȱbloodȱandȱĚuid.ȱSixȱlambs spentȱfourȱweeksȱinȱtheȱexternalȱwombȱand seemedȱtoȱdevelopȱnormally.ȱTheȱartięcial wombȱmayȱoěerȱhopeȱforȱprematureȱbabies.

x AȱpetȱgoatȱsavedȱanȱArkansasȱfamilyȱfromȱa devastingȱhouseȱęre.ȱTheȱgoatȱalertedȱtheȱfamilyȱtoȱtheȱsmoke.ȱTheȱfamily’sȱgarageȱhad caughtȱęreȱandȱtheȱĚamesȱwereȱquickly spreadingȱtoȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱhouse.

x AȱcargoȱshipȱthatȱwasȱcarryingȱsheepȱfromȱRomaniaȱtoȱJordanȱsmashedȱintoȱaȱRussianȱmilitaryȱvesselȱandȱsunkȱit.ȱTheȱcargoȱship,ȱincludingȱitsȱ8,800ȱsheep,ȱsuěeredȱnoȱapparentȱdamage.ȱTheȱ16ȱsailorsȱonȱtheȱRussianȱshipȱwere rescued.ȱFogȱwasȱblamedȱforȱtheȱcollision.

x ParentsȱinȱZimbabweȱwhoȱcannotȱaěordȱtoȱsendȱtheirȱkidsȱtoȱschoolȱcanȱnowȱoěerȱlivestockȱsuchȱasȱsheep andȱgoatȱforȱpayment.ȱPeopleȱcanȱalsoȱuseȱtheirȱlivestockȱtoȱbackȱbankȱloans.ȱZimbabweȱisȱaȱland-locked countryȱinȱSouthernȱAfrica.

x InȱUganda,ȱparentsȱareȱbeingȱgivenȱgoatsȱonȱtheȱconditionȱthatȱtheyȱkeepȱtheirȱdaughtersȱinȱschool,ȱinstead ofȱmarryingȱthemȱoěȱ(forȱgoats).ȱUgandaȱbordersȱKenya.

x TwoȱstudentsȱfromȱOklahomaȱStateȱUniversityȱhaveȱturnedȱtheirȱaward-winningȱclassȱprojectȱintoȱaȱbusiness.ȱBillyȱGoatȱIceȱCreamȱmarketsȱiceȱcreamȱmadeȱfromȱgoatȱmilk.

x InȱMorocco,ȱgoatsȱdevoteȱ74%ȱofȱtheirȱforagingȱtimeȱtoȱ“tree-top”ȱgrazing,ȱclimbingȱtheȱendemicȱarganȱtree. Inȱfact,ȱherdersȱassistȱkidȱgoatsȱinȱlearningȱtoȱclimbȱandȱevenȱoccasionallyȱpruneȱtheȱtreesȱtoȱfacilitateȱgrazing.ȱScientistsȱareȱstudyingȱhowȱtheseȱ“tree-climbing”ȱgoatsȱspreadȱseedsȱbyȱspiĴingȱandȱpostulateȱthatȱgoats couldȱbeȱaȱpotentialȱdispersingȱmechanismȱforȱlargeȱseeds.

x Goatȱyogaȱisȱtheȱnewestȱcrazeȱinȱexercise.ȱGoatȱyogaȱisȱnotȱyogaȱforȱgoats,ȱbutȱrather,ȱyogaȱinȱaȱpastureȱor barnȱwithȱtheȱgoatsȱwanderingȱrightȱthroughȱyourȱposes.ȱClassesȱareȱsellingȱoutȱacrossȱtheȱcountry.

Thanks to Farm-to-Feet Thanks to FarmȬtoȬFeet (hĴps://www.farmtofeet.com/) for donating a box of assorted socks to the University of Maryland Small Ruminant Extension Program. The socks will be given away as door prizes at upcoming programs. The socks (68% Merino wool) are 100% American: US materials, US manufacturȬ ing, and US workers.

Scrapie Submissions Needed TheȱgoodȱnewsȱforȱAmericanȱ sheepȱ(andȱgoat)ȱproducersȱisȱ thatȱtheȱindustryȱhasȱscrapieȱonȱ theȱrun.ȱTheȱbadȱnewsȱisȱthatȱtheȱ currentȱstatusȱmakesȱcarriersȱofȱ theȱfatalȱdiseaseȱmoreȱdiĜcultȱtoȱ ęnd.ȱ “Theȱincidenceȱrateȱisȱnowȱveryȱ lowȱandȱęndingȱtheȱfewȱremainingȱcasesȱbecomesȱmoreȱdiĜcultȱ usingȱtraditionalȱsurveillanceȱ methods,”ȱsaidȱWyomingȱStateȱVeterinarianȱJimȱLogan,ȱ DVM.ȱ“TheȱbestȱandȱmostȱappropriateȱmethodȱnowȱisȱwithinȱĚockȱsurveillance.ȱItȱisȱinȱtheȱbestȱinterestȱofȱtheȱindustryȱ thatȱweȱsampleȱasȱmanyȱadultȱdeadȱsheepȱandȱgoatsȱthatȱweȱ canȱęndȱandȱgetȱthemȱtested.”ȱ Theȱonlyȱdiagnosticȱtestsȱcurrentlyȱavailableȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱ aȱsheepȱhasȱscrapieȱrequireȱbrainȱorȱlymphoidȱtissue.ȱScrapieȱisȱtypicallyȱdiagnosedȱbyȱęndingȱabnormalȱprionȱproteinȱ accumulationȱinȱtheȱbrainȱand/orȱlymphoidȱtissueȱofȱinfectedȱsheep.ȱAȱpositiveȱtestȱmustȱbeȱconęrmedȱbyȱtheȱNationalȱ VeterinaryȱServicesȱLaboratories.ȱWhileȱnoȱnewȱcasesȱofȱ classicalȱscrapieȱhaveȱbeenȱreportedȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱ sinceȱAprilȱ2016,ȱthere’sȱstillȱaȱneedȱtoȱbeȱvigilant.ȱ

“Ifȱproducersȱtakeȱthisȱonȱinȱaȱseriousȱmannerȱandȱgetȱ headsȱtoȱtheȱlaboratory,ȱitȱwillȱhelpȱtheȱU.S.ȱDepartmentȱ ofȱAgricultureȱproveȱtoȱtheȱinternationalȱcommunityȱ thatȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱisȱfreeȱofȱscrapie,ȱandȱweȱwillȱęnallyȱbeȱableȱtoȱwrapȱupȱthisȱnationalȱeradicationȱprogram,”ȱLoganȱsaid.ȱ TheȱbestȱwayȱforȱproducersȱtoȱassistȱinȱcompletelyȱeradicatingȱscrapieȱfromȱAmericanȱbordersȱisȱtoȱparticipateȱinȱ APHIS’ȱsampleȱsubmissionȱprogram.ȱTheȱprogramȱisȱ providedȱatȱnoȱcostȱtoȱtheȱproducer,ȱandȱasksȱthatȱproducersȱsubmitȱsamplesȱfromȱadultȱsheepȱorȱgoats.ȱ “Mostȱproducersȱdon’tȱseeȱscrapieȱasȱanȱissueȱinȱtheirȱ Ěock,”ȱsaidȱDianeȱSuĴon,ȱUSDA/APHISȱVeterinaryȱServicesȱSheepȱandȱGoatȱHealthȱTeamȱLeader.ȱ“We’reȱsoȱ closeȱtoȱbeingȱfreeȱofȱscrapie,ȱbutȱweȱneedȱtoȱbeȱableȱtoȱ demonstrateȱthatȱtoȱtheȱworld.ȱSlaughterȱsurveillanceȱ aloneȱwon’tȱgetȱtheȱjobȱdone.”ȱ TheȱprocessȱforȱsubmiĴingȱsamplesȱisȱfairlyȱsimple.ȱ Shippingȱboxesȱwithȱpackingȱsuppliesȱandȱshippingȱareȱ providedȱatȱnoȱcostȱbyȱAPHIS.ȱForȱmoreȱinformation,ȱ visitȱ:ȱ ȱhĴp://Sheepusa.org/IssuesPrograms_AnimalHealth_Scrapie.ȱ Source:ȱHighȱPlainsȱJournal,ȱAprilȱ30,ȱ2017ȱȱ

There’s An App For That (continued from page 1) Myȱprimaryȱinterestȱisȱinȱappsȱthatȱcanȱbeȱusedȱforȱrecordȱkeeping:ȱbreeding,ȱbirthing,ȱtreatments,ȱsales,ȱetc.ȱThereȱareȱ manyȱtoȱchooseȱfrom.ȱSeveralȱallowȱyouȱtoȱsynchronizeȱdataȱacrossȱdevices.ȱSomeȱacceptȱelectronicȱIDȱ(RFID).ȱHerdBossȱ (herdboss.com;ȱiOSȱonly)ȱisȱaȱniftyȱappȱwithȱanȱeasy-to-useȱinterface.ȱȱ GoatȱBookȱ(goatbook.net)ȱandȱSheepȱBookȱ(sheepbook.net)ȱareȱrelativelyȱnewȱappsȱthatȱdeserveȱaȱlook.ȱLivestockedȱ (livestocked.com)ȱisȱanȱappȱforȱmultipleȱspeciesȱofȱlivestock.ȱItȱseemsȱtoȱhaveȱtheȱmostȱpotentialȱforȱthoseȱinterestedȱinȱusingȱanȱappȱforȱperformanceȱrecordȱkeeping.ȱIȱhaveȱbeenȱprovidingȱinputȱtoȱitsȱdeveloper.ȱ AȱlistȱofȱappsȱofȱinterestȱtoȱsheepȱandȱgoatȱproducersȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱonȱtheȱMarylandȱSmallȱRuminantȱPageȱatȱ www.sheepandgoat.com/apps.ȱ

Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference - All Worms All Day TheȱDelmarvaȱSmallȱRuminantȱConferenceȱwillȱbeȱheldȱSaturdayȱDecemberȱ9,ȱ2017,ȱatȱDelawareȱ StateȱUniversityȱinȱDover,ȱDelaware.ȱTheȱall-dayȱconferenceȱwillȱfocusȱ100ȱpercentȱonȱgastrointestinalȱparasitesȱ(worms).ȱȱTheȱprogramȱwillȱincludeȱgeneralȱandȱbreakoutȱsessions,ȱalongȱwithȱaȱ separateȱprogramȱforȱyouth,ȱagesȱ8-18.ȱ SpeakersȱforȱtheȱconferenceȱwillȱincludeȱmembersȱofȱtheȱAmericanȱConsortiumȱforȱSmallȱRuminantȱParasiteȱControl:ȱȱDr.ȱ KwameȱMaĴhews,ȱDelawareȱStateȱUniversity;ȱDr.ȱNelsonȱEscobar,ȱUniversityȱofȱMarylandȱEasternȱShore;ȱDr.ȱDahliaȱOȇBrien,ȱVirginiaȱStateȱUniversity;ȱSusanȱSchoenian,ȱUniversityȱofȱMarylandȱExtension;ȱandȱDr.ȱNikiȱWhitley,ȱFortȱValleyȱStateȱ University.ȱTheȱyouthȱprogramȱisȱbeingȱorganizedȱbyȱSusanȱGareyȱandȱDanȱSeversonȱfromȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱDelawareȱandȱ AshleyȱTravisȱfromȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱMaryland-WashingtonȱCounty.ȱ RegistrationȱinformationȱwillȱbeȱinȱtheȱnextȱnewsleĴer.ȱForȱmoreȱinformation,ȱcontactȱDr.ȱKwameȱMathewsȱatȱ(302-857-1020ȱ orȱkmaĴhews@desu.eduȱorȱSusanȱSchoenianȱatȱ301-432-2767ȱext.ȱ343ȱorȱsschoen@umd.eduȱ 9

Upcoming Events Julyȱ27-29ȱ KatahdinȱHairȱSheepȱInternationalȱExpoȱ&ȱSaleȱ HancockȱCountyȱFairgrounds,ȱGreenęeld,ȱIndianaȱ Info:ȱwww.katahdins.orgȱ

September 1Ȭ2ȱ BluegrassȱPerformanceȱInvitationalȱ PremierȱBuckȱ&ȱDoeȱSaleȱ LakeviewȱPark,ȱFrankfurt,ȱKYȱ Info:ȱhĴp://www.bluegrassperformanceinvitational.comȱ

August 5 PennsylvaniaȱPerformanceȱTestȱRamȱ&ȱBuckȱSaleȱ PAȱLivestockȱEvaluationȱCenter,ȱPAȱFurnace,ȱPAȱ Info:ȱhĴp://www.livestockevaluationcenter.com/ȱ ȱ August 13 IntegratedȱParasiteȱManagementȱ(FAMACHA©ȱWorkshopȱ ZekiahȱFarms,ȱWaldorf,ȱMarylandȱ Info:ȱȱhĴps://famacha2.eventbrite.com

Augustȱ19ȱ WVUȱProductionȱSaleȱ WVUȱAnimalȱScienceȱFarmȱPavilion,ȱMorgantown,ȱWVȱ Info:ȱScoĴȱBowdridgeȱatȱ(304)ȱ293-2003ȱorȱ ScoĴ.Bowdridge@mail.wvu.eduȱ ȱ August 26ȱ VirginiaȱPerformanceȱTestedȱRamȱLambȱSaleȱ ShenandoahȱValleyȱResearchȱ&ȱEducationȱCenter,ȱSteeleȇsȱ Tavern,ȱVAȱ Info:ȱhĴp://www.apsc.vt.edu/extension/sheep/va-ram-program/ȱ

September 22ȱ SouthwestȱARECȱRamȱTestȱSaleȱ&ȱFieldȱDayȱ SouthwestȱAgriculturalȱResearchȱ&ȱEducationȱCenter,ȱ GladeȱSpring,ȱVAȱ Info:ȱhĴp://www.apsc.vt.edu/extension/sheep/swarec-ramprogram/ȱ ȱ

December 9ȱ DelmarvaȱSmallȱRuminantȱConference:ȱȱ AllȱWormsȱAllȱDayȱ DelawareȱStateȱUniversityȱ Info:ȱȱKwameȱMaĴhewsȱatȱkmaĴhews@desu.edu ȱ

Wild & Woolly, isȱpublishedȱquarterlyȱbyȱtheȱUniversityȱofȱMarylandȱExtension.ȱItȱisȱwriĴenȱandȱeditedȱbyȱ SusanȱSchoenian,ȱSheepȱandȱGoatȱSpecialist,ȱatȱtheȱWesternȱMarylandȱResearchȱ&ȱEducationȱCenterȱ(WMREC),ȱ18330ȱKeedysvilleȱRoad,ȱKeedysville,ȱMD,ȱtel.ȱ(301)ȱ432-2767ȱx343ȱorȱ315,ȱfaxȱ(301)ȱ 432-4089;ȱe-mail:ȱsschoen@umd.eduȱorȱPamelaȱThomas,ȱAdministrativeȱAssistant,ȱpthomas@umd.edu.ȱTheȱcostȱofȱreceivingȱtheȱnewsleĴerȱbyȱmailȱisȱ$10ȱperȱyear,ȱpayableȱtoȱtheȱUniversityȱ ofȱMaryland.ȱTheȱnewsleĴerȱcanȱbeȱaccessedȱforȱfreeȱonȱtheȱInternetȱatȱhĴp:// www.sheepandgoat.com.ȱSubscribersȱtoȱtheȱnewsleĴerȱlistservȱwillȱreceiveȱanȱe-mailȱmessageȱ whenȱaȱnewȱnewsleĴerȱhasȱbeenȱpostedȱtoȱtheȱweb.ȱToȱsubscribe,ȱsendȱanȱe-mailȱmessageȱtoȱ listserv@listserv.umd.edu.ȱInȱtheȱbodyȱofȱtheȱmessage,ȱtypeȱsubscribeȱsheepgoatnews.ȱ ȱ CommentsȱandȱsuggestionsȱregardingȱtheȱnewsleĴerȱareȱalwaysȱwelcome.ȱReferencesȱtoȱcommercialȱproductsȱorȱtradeȱnamesȱareȱmadeȱwithȱ theȱunderstandingȱthatȱnoȱdiscriminationȱisȱintendedȱandȱnoȱendorsementȱbyȱUniversityȱofȱMarylandȱExtensionȱisȱimplied.ȱȱ ȱ

Articles and photographs may be reprinted with permission. The University of Maryland Extension programs are open to any person and will not discriminate against anyone because of race, age, sex, color, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, religion, ancestry, national origin, marital status, genetic information, political aĜliation, and gender identity or expression.