4th Year Integrated Design Project

Cleveland Lakefront Development Integrated Design Competition 2013 Kent State University CAED _ Fourth Year Design Studio Professor Charles Harker

Ryan Duncan _ Matt Dureiko

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duncan_dureiko

CONTENTS PROJECT OVERVIEW

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URBAN CONTEXT

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NATURAL CONTEXT

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CIRCULATION 29 CHARACTER 33 CULTURE 37 PRECEDENCE 51 CLIMATE 59 CODE 69 LIVING BUILDING

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PROGRAM 83 DESIGN INTENT

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STRUCTURE 105 MECHANICAL 109 PLUMBING 115 LIGHTING 119 ELECTRICAL 123 ENVELOPE 127 FIRE PROTECTION

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SYSTEMS SUMMARY

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FINAL WORK

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project overview

PROJECT OVERVIEW The site on Cleveland’s Lakefront offers unique potential for the city to expand to the waterfront.

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cleveland lakefront development _ idc competition 2013

BASIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENT The projected total square footage for the building is 220,000 gross square feet. It is expected to include the follwi issues:

SITE PLANNING

Site planning shall respond to the Lakefront Master Plan guidelines regarding overall building orientation, access, service, parking and building height requirements. Consider the following:

• Entry - the building should have a distinctive

sense of entry with appropriate shelter.

• Public Space - a volume space that encourages

high levels of activity.

• Linkages - public space should flow seamlessly

accross site boundries.

• Ground Floor - Exterior and interior space should

be closely aligned.

• Lakefront - Appropriate response to Lakefront

amenities and pedestrian linkages.

• Buiding Height - Height must be in accordance

with FAA regulations due to proximity to Burke

airport

GROUND FLOOR 25,000gsf

The ground floor shall have primarily street accessible retail that utilizes the ground floor in an efficient manner. Second floor retail should be minimalized:

• Retail - Shops, boutiques, ground floor only.

• Office - Security is critical.

• Linkages - public space should flow seamlessly

accross site boundries.

• Other - Determined by X-Factor.

OFFICE 180,000gsf

• Prime Office - 140,000 sf.

• Other - 40,000 sf.

X-FACTOR 20,000gsf

The projected total square footage for the building is 220,000 gross square feet. It is expected to include the follwi issues:

• Airport Suport - Residency, hotel, food, etc.

• Cultural - Museum, visual arts, etc.

• Personal Development - Air/ maritime education.

• Life Style - Health and fitness, spa, etc.

• Personal Services - Branch bank ATM, pharmacy.

• Sustainable - Green building, living machine,

urban farming, market.

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chapter _ section title

CLIENT The client for the mixed-use building will be Cummins.

Cummins is a company that specializes in engine production and power generation. Cummins is an international company that

STATEMENTS FROM CUMMINS “Cummins was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability index for the 6th consecutive year in 2010. The index represents the top 10 percent of the world’s largest companies rated by Dow Jones across a range of environmental, economic and corporate responsibility measures.”

“Cummins finished in the top third of the companies reviewed as part of Newsweek’s environmental rankings of the 500 largest U.S. companies in 2010. The magazine partnered with three environmental research organizations to review the environmental footprints of the companies along with their policies and reputations.”

“At Cummins, our mission demands that everything we do leads to a cleaner, healthier and safer environment.”

“We have an unwavering commitment to produce the cleanest and most fuel efficient products in the world. We view new regulations not as a burden but rather as an opportunity to leverage the full extent of our technical expertise and leadership on behalf of our customers.”

“The Company understands it is our responsibility as a good corporate citizen to also be a good steward of our air, land and water. We have demonstrated our commitment by achieving significant reductions in our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, our generation of waste and in our use of water.”

10 ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES

• Enviromentally sustainable supply chains • Engage in the community • Help develop resposibile regulations • Promote Technology • Support a balanced global approach • Incentives to accelerate progress • Make work spaces green spaces • Harness the energy of employees • Develope clean, efficient products • Grow and develop new businesses

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SITE CONDITIONS

The current site is run down and lacks maintenance. The landscaping needs manicured, the pavement needs resurfaced and miscellaneous gabage is scattered throughout the area. The new lakefront plan provides an opportunity for economic growth, city expansion and a second chance for an otherwise opportune site. In order to successfully renovate the site, it is important to recognize it’s history and its previous condition. The existing site did not receive the attention or the service that is required

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to maintain an outstanding condition. The new design will need to be sustainable, not just in terms of environmental awareness, but in terms of longevity of the building and site. High quality and timelessness are critical to a successful, lasting design.

project overview

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SITE CONTEXT

1 The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is dedicated to archiving 3 the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers and others who have, in some major way, influenced the music industry through the genre of rock music.

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The existing parking lot is reserved for parking for employees of the Eaton Center. The picture is taken from the parking garage that connects via a skyway. The Eaton Building was one of the structures that expanded Cleveland’s central business district eastward in the early-1980s.

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East 9th street connects the lakefront to the rest of the city. The street is starting to become the focal point of the greater downtown area. Some of the most prevalent buildings are located on east 9th including: Tower at Erieview, One Cleveland Center, the Federal Building, and National City Center.

4 Cleveland railroad has long been a major part of railroad,

from the late 19th century to present day. The commuter rail runs across the northern shore of Ohio. Trains on a Cleveland commuter rail line are undergoing a makeover, and will wind up with fewer seats but more room for bicycles.

project overview

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The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway (often shortened to simply “The Shoreway�) is a limited-access freeway in Cleveland, Ohio. It closely follows the shore of Lake Erie and connects the east and west sides of Cleveland via the Main Avenue Bridge.

6 The skyline contrasts the sky and is entirely visible from the proposed sites. The dominating Key Tower is the tallest building in both the city of Cleveland and the state of Ohio, the 18th tallest building in the United States, and the 104th tallest building in the world.

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MAJOR SURROUNDING ELEMENTS

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1. The Lake Lake Erie boarders the city to the north.

Lake Erie borders Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York and Canada.

2. The Submarine The USS COD is a retired US naval submarine that is accessible to tourists.

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3. The Skyline The rich skyline of Cleveland is full of various building typologies.

4. The Boulevard Dividing the sites, a proposed boulevard will transport drivers through the city.

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5. The Airport Burke Lakefront airport is classified as a general aviation airport and the fourth busiest airport in the state of Ohio.

6. The Tracks To the north, a series of tracks divide the city from the site. They are used frequently.

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7. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame One of the most renowned buildings in northeast Ohio, the rock and roll hall of fame is a tourist destination for all ages.

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project overview

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cleveland lakefront development _ idc competition 2013

SITE A

SITE B

PROS

PROS

• Opportunity to connect with the Science Center, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Browns Stadium • Strong correlation to water provides an opportunity for water taxi docking.

• Allows for pedestrian traffic between existing tourism and Burke Lakefront Airport • The height limitation allows for formal expression on building form.

• Close proximity to water is not blocked by the USS COD submarine.

• Located adjacent to public parking.

• Multi-modal connections to boats, planes, buses, taxis, pedestrians, and bike riders.

• Strong Correlation to water provides an opportunity for water taxi docking.

• Allows for pedestrian traffic between existing tourism and Burke Lakefront Airport.

• The height limitation allows for formal expression on building form.

• The airport is located directly to the northeast of the site and provides an opportunity to connect directly to airplane travelers.

• There is a parking deck directly to the east.

• The proposed building will be the first building in the new development visible to west-bound drivers.

CONS

CONS

• The building is limited to 185 feet.

• Soil conditions are weak and low quality.

• There is a sewage release conduit to the lake located on the site.

• The surrounding context is unappealing.

• Very windy lake conditions.

• The site is a long distance from the railroad and Amtrak rails.

• There is a disconnect from the regular foot traffic patterns.

• The submarine creates a dynamic condition that needs to be recognized.

• Route 2 highway will need to be acknowledged.

• The building is limited to 150 feet.

• Soil conditions are weak and low quality.

• Very windy lake conditions.

• The site is a long distance from the railroad and Amtrak rails.

• There is a disconnect from the regular foot traffic patterns.

• The submarine is located on the only waterfront access on the site.

• Route 2 highway will need to be acknowledged.

• There is not an unobstructed northern view of the lake.

• The site is the furthest from the greater downtown area.

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project overview

SITE C

SITE D

PROS

PROS

• There is a close adjacency to the parking garage.

• Located across the Boulevard from Burke Lakefront Airport.

• The site is closest to the existing RTA station.

• The Amtrak rails are adjacent to the site.

• There is a strong potential for the connection of the existing RTA station and a new Amtrak station.

• The bluff creates an architectural element near the site.

• There are little restrictions of building height because of the flight patterns.

• The Amtrak rails are adjacent to the site.

• The bluff creates an architectural element near the site.

• There are little restrictions of building height because of the flight patterns.

• The site is the closest to the primary downtown district of Cleveland.

• There is a potential for developing a gateway between the downtown area and the new lakefront development.

• There is a possibility for direct vehicular access off from the boulevard.

• The view directly north is unobstructed.

CONS

CONS

• No direct waterfront access.

• Vehicular access is limited from the boulevard.

• The airport is located across the boulevard.

• The edge condition to the boulevard is currently loud and fast paced.

• When trains go down the track, acoustic decibel levels are extremely high.

• The site is furthest from the tourist attractions.

• East 9th street, the primary street in Cleveland, will not be easily accessible from the site.

• No direct waterfront access.

• The Eaton Center is across the bluff and requires a complex recognition of architectural form.

• The airport is located across the boulevard.

• The edge condition to the boulevard is currently loud and fast paced.

• The Eaton Center will lose a lot of parking when the parking garage is moved.

• When trains go down the track, acoustic decibel levels are extremely high.

• The skyline is an extremely important component and needs to be considered.

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urban context

URBAN CONTEXT Cleveland is not an overpowering city. It’s mix between low-rise, highrise, and skyscrapers makes for a welcoming city.

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The Key tower, built by Cesar Pelli, is the tallest building in Ohio. The 947 foot structure was built in 1991 and was originally called the Society Center. The Richard E. Jacobs group owns the building and leases out its 1.5 million square feet of office space. However, it is mainly occupied by Key Bank to house its headquarters. Attached to the tower is the Marriott at Key Center.

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The Terminal Tower is the city’s most important landmark building. Opened in 1930, the tower was built as an office building on top of Cleveland’s new Union Terminal rail station. It was originally planned to be a 14 story building, but was later expanded to 52. The Terminal Tower was the tallest building in the world outside of New York City until 1953, and in North America until 1964.

urban context

The Victorian-era Arcade in downtown Cleveland is a structure composed of two 9-story buildings joined by a 5-story arcade with glass skylight spanning 300 feet. It was finished in 1890 and is known as one of the earliest indoor shopping malls in the United States. The Arcade was built by the Detroit Bridge Company and designed

by John Eisemann. It was modeled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. To fund the project, wealthy Clevelanders, such as John D. Rockefeller, Marcus Hanna,

and Charles Brush. The Hyatt corporation bought and redeveloped the Arcade into Cleveland’s first Hyatt Regency hotel. The 2 lower floors remain open to the public with a food court and retail merchants.

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Public Square is at the city center of Cleveland.

It is a 10 acre, 4 block plaza surrounded by the city’s tallest buildings: Key Tower, Terminal Tower, and 200 Public Square. The famed Higbee building also lined the square, which is now the Horseshoe Casino. The square is a signature layout for early New England towns.

Cleveland was molded after them since the area was previously owned by the Connecticut Land Company.

Cleveland Public Square became the first street in the world to be lit with electrical street lights in 1879. It is now a part of the National Register of Historic Places, added in 1975. Now, the square serves primarily as a hub

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for the RTA bus services. It is also a site for rallies and civic events such as the free annual Independence Day concert by the Cleveland Orchestra.

Plans to update the square have been developed and ideas are being shared with the city.

Landscape architect James Corner proposed 3 ideas for the square: “Forest It”, “Frame It”, “Thread It”. In 2011, Mayor Frank Jackson proposed his idea to redevelop the square by closing Superior and Ontario where they cross in the square. He wants the square to be more friendly to pedestrians and bicyclists.

urban context

“Thread It” proposes to connect the 4 blocks by means of man made topography while being able to keep the streets open and usable.

“Frame It” proposes a space defined by hanging gardens and interior spaces with little softscapes.

“Forest It” proposes a natural landscape that will allow occupants to escape the city feel. It also allows for a natural event space.

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natural context

NATURAL CONTEXT Runners enjoy a beautiful day at the Rocky River Reservation Cleveland Metropark. The parks offer the community a setting for various outdoor activities.

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The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo is located west of downtown.

The toboggan chutes are the only in Ohio and attract visitors from all over the state and region

Sleepy Hollow Golf Course is one of eight golf courses that is a part of the Metroparks System.

Squires castle was part of a large complex that was not built to serve as the gatekeepers quarters.

CLEVELAND METROPARKS

The Cleveland Metroparks is a system of nature preserves that circle the city of Cleveland. In the early 20th century, William Albert Stinchcomb developed an idea of a parks system that would encircle the city to give relief and a dichotomy opposed to the hardscapes of a major city.

The Metroparks, also known as the “Emerald Necklace�, surround the city itself. All but three of the parks that make up the system are located in the suburbs of Cuyahoga county. The parks are open during daylight hours with free admission. The 21,000+ acres attract hikers,

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cyclists, fishermen, and other outdoor enthusiasts. Other parks include 8 golf courses and the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, the only parks that require a fee.

natural context

Northeast Ohio refers to the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Ohio. The region itself contains four metropolitan areas: Greater Cleveland; the Akron metropolitan area; the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area; and the Youngstown metropolitan area. Northeast Ohio is home to approximately 4 million people, has a labor force of almost 2 million, and a gross regional product of nearly $170 billion. Northeast Ohio is defined by a rich metropolitan agenda, lush wineries and rural Amish communities. The lake-front access, large population and great culture make the northeast Ohio a very unique region within a greater context of the United States.

Cuyahoga County is part of Greater Cleveland, a metropolitan area, and Northeast Ohio, a thirteen-county region, joined together in economic development initiatives. It is the most populous county in Ohio; according to the 2010 census, it has a population of 1,280,122. The county is named after the Iroquoian word Cuyahoga, which means ‘crooked river’. According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 1,245.59 square miles, of which 457.19 square miles (36.70%) is land and 788.40 square miles (63.30%) is water. Its 16 reservations provide more than 21,000 acres of green space and recreational amenities.

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Cleveland Ohio, founded in 1796, is located on the south shore of Lake Erie. The geographical location of the city previously belonged Connecticut Land Company and was given to General Moses Cleavland. He was the leader that oversaw the plan for what would be the beginning of the new city of which is named after the general.

The location of the city was chosen because of its proximity to major water ways: Lake Erie and the Cuyahoga River. Later, the Erie Canal was dug and constructed to link Cleveland to the Ohio River, eventually allowing for water traffic to travel through North America by means of the mid-west. This allowed business to start to flourish in the region, especially in Cleveland.

Founded in 1796, near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, Cleveland became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland’s economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 82.47 square miles. Typical of the Great Lakes region, Cleveland exhibits a continental climate with four distinct seasons, which lies in the humid continental zone.

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Lake Erie and the Cuyahoga River are the two main water ways that Cleveland was built around. They connect Cleveland to Atlantic Ocean and allow for ships to come from all over the world.

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Cleveland is known as the “Forest City�. The center of downtown is dense with built landscape, but as you progress outward, green landscapes become more abundant around the city to give Cleveland a more natural feel.

natural context

SUBURBAN SITE Our site is located in the new lakefront development on the south shore of Lake Erie. Although most of the city is a dense, urban landscape, our site is in a mainly suburban part of the city.

The idea of a suburban site means that there is more land than required to build upon. Notice how much green space rest between buildings.

This green space is the thread that will connect the entire lake front together.

The importance of softscapes in a city is not always observed. However, when a city can balance out its built environment with its natural surrounds, the city becomes a place for growth and beauty.

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circulation

CIRCULATION The Cleveland RTA rail system runs from the suburbs into the city. It also services Cleveland’s Lakefront.

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TRANSPORTATION

Transportation in and around the city is imperative to the city’s functionality.

Cleveland has diverse transportation system to and from the system. The Cleveland RTA system includes both bus and rail transit. The rail lines run out to the suburbs and convene under the Terminal Tower. The rail system also links the city with Cleveland Hopkins Airport, which is located outside of the city.

It is the first instance in which a city and it’s major airport were linked by rail. The Burke Lakefront Airport offers the ability to fly directly into the city, however is for private and chartered use with no commercial flights flying in or out.

The RTA’s bus system is highlighted in the Euclid Corridor and Health Line. A system of lanes developed specifically for busing, cars, and bicyclists layer the route between downtown and University Circle down Euclid Avenue.

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circulation

1 Pedestrian

2 Bicycle

3Vehicular The primary means of commute in Cleveland is the car. The building needs to accommodate easy vehicular access and parking.

4 Train/ Amtrak

5 Water Taxi/ Ferry

6 Taxi

7 Bus

8 Airplane

Thousands of people travel Cleveland everyday by foot. How can the site and building make this commute more pleasant year-round?

The proposed master plan of the north shores suggests the use of water taxis that connect to the USS COD.

Creating a bike-friendly site and building will increase the appeal of bicycles and reduce the reliance on fossil fuel powered transportation.

Like any city, Cleveland utilizes taxis. The building should allow drop off and pickup points for taxis.

To connect the city on a larger scale, the site offers potential for a bus stop. Drop off and pick up points are critical.

The Amtrak rail has a station to the west of the proposed sites.

There is a lot of room for improvement and connection to other forms of transit.

The Burke Lake-front Airport is adjacent the sites.

The sites create a gateway between the airport and the city.

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character

CHARACTER Cleveland is a less dense city than others of its scale. This type of suburban city give Cleveland its unique character.

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1 High Rise (146) 12-28 Stories A high-rise building is a structure whose architectural height is between 120 and 330 feet.

2 Low Rise (116) 4-11 Stories A low-rise building is an enclosed structure whose height is below 120 feet, and which is divided at regular intervals.

3 Mast (59) 50’-192’ A pole-type mast is a freestanding antenna-like structure anchored to the ground which consists of a single vertical support.

4 Skyscraper (18) 20-68 Stories A skyscraper is defined on Emporis as a multistory building whose architectural height is at least 330 feet.

5 Church (16) 104’-232’ Space dedicated to religious worship, prayer, and services by adherents to the Christian faith.

6 Stadium (7) 116’-171’ A stadium is an arena where large numbers of spectators can be held in raked seating to watch sporting events.

7 Miscillaneus (7) 125’-180’ This category includes buildings with towers, city halls, silos and monuments.

8 Garage (3) 7-11 Stories An open-air structure is a building, platform, station, or other structure not enclosed, yet is designed for human usage.

character

The City Planning Commission approved the Cleveland Downtown Lakefront Plan to guide mixed-use commercial development of the water front between West 3rd and East 18th.

Harbor West as a new mixed-use commercial development between Erieside Avenue and the water’s edge north of Cleveland Browns Stadium and the Great Lakes Science Center

Coast Harbor infill development includes new commercial development along new arcades and walkways connecting the Stadium, the Science Center and the Rock Hall

Burke Development District offers a unique office campus setting between East 9th and East 18th Streets linked to the general aviation services provided at Burke Lakefront Airport

CLEVELAND SKYLINE Downtown Cleveland has a diverse skyline, full of buildings with varying typologies, heights, shape and historical significance. The Cleveland Downtown Lakefront plan seeks to develop a new shoreline offering an economic and entertainment activation of the northern lake shore. The building heights form a climax just south of the new “mall”. From that point, heights decrease to the east, west and south. To the north, the Browns stadium forms a resolve to the progression through the city. The location of our site becomes a gateway between the existing typologies and the new development. It is important to respect the existing conditions while also promoting the functionality of the new development.

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culture

CULTURE View of the Cleveland Art Museum from the Euclid Avenue entrance to Wade Park. Severance Hall is also part of Wade Park.

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Cleveland has quite a rich and diverse culture. The Center of this can be seen in the area of University Circle.

University Circle is located east of the city and is accessible via Euclid Avenue and the Healthcare Line that runs from the extents of the circle into downtown. University Circle best is known for its collection of museums. Most prominent is the art museum.

The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded in 1913 funded by prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington, and Horace Kelley. 75 acres of land for Wade Park and the museum was donated by Jeptha H. Wade. Designed by Cleveland based Hubbell

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and Benes, the park uses the museum as a centerpiece for the park. Wade’s grandson, Jeptha II, proclaimed it “for the benefit of all people, forever” speaking to its accessibility for the public (free admission to all visitors).

The museum has undergone numerous renovations with its most recent in 2005. Now completed in 2012, the museum connects all three renovations seamlessly together: the original museum built in the Beux-Arts style, the 1960’s renovation, and the new 2005 addition.

The newest addition was built to showcase the original structure. The space between the original building and the 1960’s addition was previously a courtyard. Now, that space

culture

Severance Hall is home to the Cleveland Orchestra.

The world renowned concert hall is located near the art museum in Wade Park.

Case Western Reserve University’s campus is located adjacent to university circle. The university’s Weatherhead School of Management is located in the Frank Gehry designed Peter B. Lewis Building.

is covered by a large spanning roof. The space underneath is now used for cultural events for the city such as local art shows, concerts, weddings and other ecents related to the arts.. That space has been referred as “Cleveland’s version of the Pantheon” by architecture critic Steven Litt in his lecture at Kent State University.

Wade Park was donated to the city by Jeptha H. Wade.

He proclaimed that the park would be “for the benefit of all people, forever.”

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Opened in 1921, State Theatre was intended to show vaudeville shows and movies. Now, it serves as home to the Cleveland Ballet and Opera

As the second largest theatre on Playhouse Square, The Palace Theatre underwent a 36.4 million dollar renovation in 1988 to seat 2,714.

Although originally built in Italian Renaissance style, the Ohio Theatre was renovated in an Art Deco Style in 1935.

Opened in 1921, State Theatre was intended to show vaudeville shows and movies. Now, it serves as home to the Cleveland Ballet and Opera

PLAYHOUSE SQUARE

Cleveland’s Playhouse Square is the second largest theater complex in the country, behind only New York City’s Lincoln Center. Playhouse Square is the area that surrounds the theatres. Now, it is also often referred to as the “Theater District”. The district is made up of 10 theaters: Allen, Hanna, Ohio, State, Palace, 14th Street, Kennedy’s, Second

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Stage, The Helen Lab, and Idea Center Studio 1 at Playhouse Square. These theaters serve as home to organizations such as the Cleveland Opera, the Town Hall Speaker Series, and Cleveland State’s Department of Theatre and Dance.

culture

Clevelanders take great pride in their sports teams.

The Cleveland Browns are the heart and soul of the city.

Cleveland’s spirit echoes the intensity of the Browns. Every Sunday at 1:00, Browns fans young and old flock to their favorite bars around the city to take in the game and root for their team.

The Cavaliers are the most recent sports team with multiple years of success. Between 2004 and 2010, the Cavs were a perennial playoff team which had brought much excitement to the city, especially in 2007, when they went to the NBA Finals.

A popular way to enjoy a summer’s day is to take the family out to an Indian’s game. The Tribe offer many events during the season to attract spectators.

Currently, there are three main attractions on the Cleveland Lakefront: Cleveland Brown’s Stadium, The Great Lakes Science Center, and The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

The Great Lakes Science Center is a museum and exhibition facility that allows visitors to understand how science and technology relate to the environment. Located in the Science Center is an Omnimax Theater. The theater runs films that go along with exhibitions in the center.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was built in 1995 and designed by I.M. Pei. Cleveland was selected as the home of the hall of fame because it is believed that D.J.. Alan Freed coined the term “rock and roll” as well as having been the location for the first concert of the genre.

Performers inducted into the hall include The Beach Boys, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Bruce Springsteen, and Stevie Wonder.

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CLEVELAND MEDICINE

Cleveland is home to world renowned healthcare. The Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals are based just outside downtown, between the city center and University Circle.

Established in 1921, the Cleveland Clinic was established by four physicians for the purpose of providing care, research and education in an ideal medical environment. The Cleveland Clinic was ranked number one in cardiac care from 1994-2012.

University Hospitals is the primary affiliate hospital of Case Western Reserve University. UH is made up of 150 locations throughout northeast Ohio. Its Department of Family Medicine is ranked ninth nationally by US News and World Report.

The Cleveland Medical Mart and Convention Center is a $465 million dollar project located on the downtown Mall. The Medical Mart and Convention Center are going to be used to house medical conventions to showcase the works of the area hospitals such as the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals.

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culture

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chapter _ section title

DEMOGRAPHICS The city of Cleveland has trends in population, weath and unemployment. Trends show people moving out of the city and into the suburbs.

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POPULATION DENSITY

POPULATION CHANGE 2000-2010

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chapter _ section title

PROJECTED POPULATION CHANGE 2010-2015

OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING

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INCOME

UNEMPLOYMENT

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chapter _ section title

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precedence

PRECEDENCE Tower City is a model for multi-modal transportation featuring rail, bus, and pedestrian linkages.

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CLEVELAND TERMINAL TOWER Graham, Anderson, Probst, and White

Tower City Center in Cleveland is the hub of the city.. Tower City incorporates a hotel, office building, casino, movie theater, food court, mall, underground pedestrian walkway, and underground rail station all in one complex.

The Tower CIty Center was formerly known as the Cleveland Union Terminal that was the hub for rail traffic in and out of the city. Built in the 1920’s, it was the second largest excavation project happening in the world, second only to the Panama Canal. It opened

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to its tenants in 1928 and the station opened to rail traffic in 1930. The Union Terminal served all rail lines except for the Pennsylvania Railroad and Erie Railroad. Union Terminal was renovated into a mall for highend retail while the RTA rebuilt their station underneath Tower City Center.

Tower City is situated on Public Square which is a major hub for the RTA busses. All lines converge to the square where riders can make transfers from line to line.

precedence

Tower City Center is also connected to the Quicken Loans Arena and Progressive Field via an underground pedestrian walkway. Many fans going to Indians and Cavs games choose to park under Tower City and walk this corridor to the stadiums. Amenities such as a food court and movie theater line the walkway for vistors to take part in before or after the games. This underground walkway provides a safe means of travel for all ages, protecting travelors from the weather and from being on the streets late at night.

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GENZYME CENTER Behnisch Architekten

The design brief required a progressive building which would represent a point of identification for the Genzyme Corporation, its employees, guests and visitors. The building accommodates about 920 individual workplaces over 12 floors. Commencing with the initial architectural competition and throughout a highly integrated design process the primary design objective was to develop a building from the inside out.

Organized as ‘a vertical city’ with individual ‘dwellings‘, public areas and gardens extend up to the full height of the central atrium. The open staircase forms part of a ‘vertical boulevard’, starting at the ground floor lobby before proceeding upwards through various neighborhoods with open workstations and separate offices.

The interior is flooded with daylight, all workstations are naturally illuminated through a combination of re-directional blinds at the building’s perimeter and the top-lit central atrium.

Above the atrium roof a sunlight redirection system with heliostats and fixed mirrors serves to further enhance lighting levels.

-http://behnisch.com/projects/104

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precedence

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precedence

BANK OF AMERICA TOWER Cook + Fox Architects

The Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park in midtown New York, designed by Cook + Fox Architects, is the first commercial high-rise to achieve LEED Platinum certification. The design and high performance of this building is intended to set a new standard for commercial construction and for the office-work environment. By focusing on ways to emphasize daylight, fresh air and a connection to the outdoors, the architects redefine the parameters of the skyscraper as more than a glass box.

The form of the building deviates from its footprint, increasing the level of surface area exposed to day light and giving oriented views onto Bryant Park. Sustainable measures keep the building well insulated and protected from excess heat gain. The curtain wall is made of low-e glass and heatreflecting ceramic frit. The building also incorporates water-saving measures such as waterless urinals, greywater recycling, and rainwater harvesting systems. The building also filters the air that is delivered to the offices and can be individually controlled. Overnight, a thermal ice-storage tank in the cellar produces ice in order to reduce peak demand on the city’s electric grid.

-http://www.archdaily.com/247880

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climate

CLIMATE

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In theory, approximately 0.62 gallons per square foot of surface per inch of rainfall can be collected.

Some rainwater is lost to first flush, evaporation, splash-out or overshoot from the gutters in hard rains.

Inefficiencies need to factored into design.

Most installers assume an efficiency of 75 percent to 90 percent.

Most rainfall occurs seasonally; annual rainfall is not evenly distributed throughout the 12 months of the year.

RAINFALL STATISTICS

Once the owner of a commercial project has communicated to the landscape architect the desire to incorporate rainwater harvesting into the commercial project, the landscape architect can look at the landscape with a whole new perspective.

The landscape design objective now should be to create a landscape that can absorb rainwater in the winter and last for longer periods without

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water in the summer. Plants that can tolerate lots of water should be located around the rain gardens.

Plants that will rely on irrigation during the summer should be planted with good soil that will be able to absorb and store water to give them a longer reserve to last between rainfalls.

climate

LAKE TEMPERATURE

Lake Erie’s cool summer water temperature provides an opportunity for an open loop source for cool water supply.

In open loop systems, the water is taken from an aquifer or other source, circulated and then discharged to another well or stream. The main disadvantages of this type of system are associated with water quality and corrosion, and the regulations regarding water use. The advantages include individual room or zone control and flexibility in installation. Installed costs are lower than central chilled water systems but higher than with closed loop heat pumps, or air-to-air systems, largely due to the cost of the ground-water source.

- http://smud.apogee.net/comsuite/content/ces

LAKE ERIE’S CHEMICAL CONDITION

Of all the Great Lakes, Erie has been the most severely impacted by many years of heavy loadings of phosphorus from human activity. This phosphorus is released through urban and agricultural activities, including fertilizer application and farmland erosion and sewage treatment plant discharges. Whether it arrives through direct discharge or is delivered via the Lake’s tributaries, once in the Lake, it enables the heavy growth of algae. When the algae become very concentrated in early summer so that light penetration is diminished, and as the cells age, algal die-off begins.

The dead cells fall to the bottom and are decomposed by bacteria, which use a considerable amount of oxygen in the process.

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THE LAKE AND ITS WIND Spring Wind patterns in the spring are inconsistent.The majority of the prevailing winds run along a northeast/ southwest axis. Strong gusts can come from the southwest.

Summer Overheating occurs in the summer, providing an oppertunith to utilize natural ventilation. Patterns are again somewhat unpredictable but run along a northeast/ southwest axis. Strong gusts can reach 30 mph.

January

February

May

June

September

October

Fall A shift occurs in the fall in wind direction. Prevailing winds primarily come from the south, through the city and out to the lake. Strong gusts can come from the west.

Winter In the winter, wind speeds decrease which is preferred because there is less of a need for natural ventilation and it is an underheated time of year. Prevailing winds come from the south and west, wind screens might be desired.

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climate

HOW TO READ THE CHART

March

July

November

April

August

December

The outside yellow ring on the wind charts represents the percentage of time during the year the prevailing wind comes from. This information helps determine the best design to optimize passive ventilation strategies. The different seasons present differnt oppertunities to employ various techniques shown below.

The yellow and orange spikes on the interior ring represent the intensity in terms of windspeed of prevailing winds. One notable characterisitic is the the average speeds of the winds. Annually, average speeds range from 10-15mph due to the lake effect conditions. An average windmill requires 7-9mph minimum.

The location offers lots of wind generation potential.

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climate

The average temperature throughout the year does not enter the range of thermal comfort other than through June, July and August. In the summer, passive ventilation will help approach themal comfort. Design high temperatures exceed thermal comfort by 20ยบ. In the winter the average temperature drop far below thermal comfort.

The concept of thermal gain will be very important during months of underheating.

Passive techniques will be imperative in an effectively sustainable building. Recognizing the thermal differences during the day and during the night will allow the building to function passively more hours during the day. The cool nighttime will provide an opportunity to store that energy and use it during the overheated daytime. In the cooler months, heat must be collected and stored during the day and reused during the night.

ACOUSTIC STUDIES The existing site has a lot of different conditions that create unique acoustic conditions. To the south, the hustle and bustle of the city has a drone that is partially dampered by the bluff. Just north of the bluff, the train tanks create intense noise of up to 85 db.

The current boulevard is very loud, the noise is quickly

dampered by the trees and other objects on either side. To the north, next to the lake, there is not a lot of acoustic damper and the high wind speeds create a very loud enviroment.

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SOLAR STRATEGIES Typically, windows or other devices that collect solar energy should face within 30 degrees of true south and should not be shaded during the heating season by other buildings or trees from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day. During the spring, fall, and cooling season, the windows should be shaded to avoid overheating.

Thermal mass in a passive solar buildings commonly include concrete, brick, stone, and tile. They absorb heat from sunlight during the heating season and absorb heat from warm air in the building during the cooling season.

- http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/

VENTILATION STRATEGIES Passive ventilation relies typically on using both convective air flows that result from the tendency of warm air to rise and cool air to sink and taking advantage of prevailing winds. Many passive ventilation systems rely on the building users to control window and vents as indicated by site conditions and conditions within the building. Ventilation is needed to bring fresh air into a home and to remove stale, moist or polluted air. It may also be needed for cooling.

- http://www.sustainable-buildings.org/wiki/ index.php/Passive_Ventilation Charts from top: Passive Strategies, Solar Strategies, Ventilation Strategies.

Far Right: All Strategies

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code

CODE

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USE GROUP: BUSINESS Type II A Construction

Up to 5 floors with 37,000 square feet per floor Minimum Number of Exits

1-500 occupants = 2

501-100 occupants = 3

> 1000 occupants = 4 Travel Distances

Up to 200 feet without sprinklers

Up to 300 feet with sprinklers Fire Ratings

Corridor = 1 hour without sprinkler, 0 hour with sprinkler

Fire Walls = 3 hour

Fire Barrier = 2 hour Dead End Corridors

< 20 feet without sprinklers

< 50 feet with sprinklers

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code

USE GROUP: MERCANTILE Type V Construction

Up to 3 floors with 14,000 square feet per floor Minimum Number of Exits

1-500 occupants = 2

501-100o occupants = 3

> 1000 occupants = 4 Travel Distances

Up to 200 feet without sprinklers

Up to 250 feet with sprinklers Fire Ratings

Corridor = 1 hour without sprinkler, 0 hour with sprinkler

Fire Walls = 3 hour

Fire Barrier = 2 hour Dead End Corridors

< 20 feet

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living building

LIVING BUILDING Tower City is a model for multi-modal transportation featuring rail, bus, and pedestrian linkages.

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SITE RESTORING A HEALTHY COINSIDENCE WITH NATURE The intent of the Site Petal is to clearly articulate where it is acceptable for people to build, how to protect and restore a place once it has been developed, and to encourage the creation of communities that are once again based on the pedestrian rather than the automobile. In turn, these communities should be supported by local and regional agriculture, since no truly ‘sustainable’ community can rely on globally sourced food production.

The continued spread of sprawl development threatens the few wild places that remain.

The decentralized nature of our communities impedes our capacity to feed ourselves in a responsible way and also increases transportation impacts and pollution. As flat, prime land for construction diminishes, more and more development tends to occur in sensitive areas that are easily harmed or destroyed. Invasive species threaten ecosystems, which are already weakened by the constant pressure of existing human developments. Automobiles, often used as single occupancy vehicles, have become integral to our communities when we should depend on “people power” – walking and bicycling – as the primary mode of travel, and supplement it with shared transit.

The Living Building Challenge envisions a moratorium on the seemingly never-ending growth outward, and a focus instead on compact, connected communities – inherently conserving the natural resources that support human health and the farmland that feed us.

As previously disturbed areas are restored, the trend is reversed and nature’s functions are invited back into a healthy interface with the built environment.

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living building

WATER CREATING WATER INDEPENDENT SITES, BUILDINGS, COMMUNITIES The intent of the Water Petal is to realign how people use water and redefine â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wasteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in the built environment, so that water is respected as a precious resource. Scarcity of potable water is quickly becoming a serious issue as many countries around the world face severe shortages and compromised water quality. Even regions that have avoided the majority of these problems to date due to a historical presence of abundant fresh water are at risk: the impacts of climate change, highly unsustainable water use patterns, and the continued drawdown of major aquifers portent significant problems ahead.

The Living Building Challenge envisions a future whereby all buildings, infrastructure, and communities are configured based on the carrying capacity of the site: harvesting sufficient water to meet the needs of a given population while respecting the natural hydrology of the land, the water needs of the ecosystem it inhabits, and those of its neighbors. Indeed, water can be used and purified and then used again - and the cycle repeats.

Currently, such practices are often illegal due to health, land use and building code regulations, or by the undemocratic ownership of water rights, which arose precisely because people were not properly safeguarding the quality of their water.

Therefore, reaching the ideal for water use means challenging outdated attitudes and technology with decentralized site- or districtlevel solutions that are appropriately scaled and efficient.

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ENERGY RELYING ONLY ON CURRENT SOLAR INCOME. The intent of the Energy Petal is to signal a new age of design, wherein the built environment relies solely on renewable forms of energy and operates year round in a pollution-free manner. In addition, it aims to prioritize reductions and optimization before technological solutions are applied to eliminate wasteful spending â&#x20AC;&#x201C; of energy, resources, and dollars. The majority of energy generated today is from highly unsustainable sources including coal, gas, oil and nuclear power. Large-scale hydro, while inherently cleaner, results in widespread damage to ecosystems. Burning wood, trash or pellets releases particulates and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and often strains local supplies of sustainably harvested biomass. The effects of these energy sources on regional and planetary health are becoming increasingly evident through climate change, the most worrisome major global trend attributed to human activity.

The Living Building Challenge envisions a safe, reliable and decentralized power grid, founded on renewable energy that supplies to incredibly efficient buildings and infrastructure without the crutch of combustion.

Although there has been considerable progress made to advance renewable energy technologies, there is still a need for a greater yield from these systems and new ways to store the energy they generate. These, together with the current cost of the systems available, are the major limitations to reaching our goals.

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living building

HEALTH MAXIMIZING PHYSICAL AND PSYCOLOGICAL WELL BEING. The intent of the Health Petal is to focus on the major conditions that must be present to create robust, healthy spaces, rather than to address all of the potential ways that an interior environment could be compromised.

Many indoor areas provide substandard conditions for health and productivity. There is a direct correlation between decreased comfort and increased environmental impacts, since solutions in the physical environment to improve wellbeing are often energy-intensive and wasteful..

The Living Building Challenge envisions a nourishing, highly productive and healthful indoor environment.

However, even best laid plans require acceptance and engagement by the project occupants and project owner. It is difficult to ensure that places will remain vibrant over time, since sensory aspects such as air quality, thermal control, and visual comfort can easily be compromised in numerous ways.

It can also be complicated to ensure optimal conditions due to the unpredictable nature of how people operate and maintain their indoor spaces.

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MATERIALS ENDORSING PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES THAT ARE SAFE FOR ALL SPECIES The intent of the Materials Petal is to induce a successful materials economy that is nontoxic, transparent and socially equitable.

Throughout their lifecycle, materials are responsible for many adverse environmental issues including illness, squandered embodied energy, pollution, and resource depletion. The Imperatives in this section aim to remove the worst known offending materials and practices. When impacts can be reduced but not eliminated, there is an obligation not only to offset the damaging consequences associated with the construction process, but also to strive for corrections in the industry. At the present time it is impossible to gauge the true environmental impact and toxicity of the built environment due to a lack of product-level information.

The Living Building Challenge envisions a future where all materials in the built environment are replenishable and have no negative impact on human and ecosystem health. The precautionary principle guides all materials decisions.

There are significant limitations to achieving the ideal for the materials realm. Product specification and purchase has far-reaching impacts, and although consumers are starting to weigh these in parallel with other more conventional attributes, such as aesthetics, function and cost the biggest shortcoming is due to the market itself. While there is a huge number of â&#x20AC;&#x153;greenâ&#x20AC;? products for sale, there is also a shortage of good, publicly available data that backs up manufacturer claims and provides consumers with the ability to make conscious, informed choices.

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living building

EQUITY SUPPORTING A JUST, EQUITABLE WORLD The intent of the Equity Petal is to correlate the impacts of design and development to its ability to foster a true sense of community. A society that embraces all sectors of humanity and allows the dignity of equal access is a civilization in the best position to make decisions that protect and restore the natural environment.

There is a disturbing trend towards privatizing infrastructure and creating polarized attitudes of ‘us’ vs. ‘them’ – allowing only those of a certain economic or cultural background to participate fully in community life. Although opposite on the spectrum, enclaves for the wealthy are only one step removed from the racial and ethnic ghettos that continue to plague our neighborhoods. A subset of this trend is the notion that individuals can own access to nature itself, by privatizing admittance to waterways, beaches and other wilderness areas, cutting off most people from the few pristine environmental places that remain. Only by realizing that we are indeed ‘all in this together’ can the greatest environmental and social problems be addressed.

We need to aggressively challenge the notion that property ownership somehow implies that we can do whatever we like, even externalize the negative environmental impacts of our actions onto others. When a building towers over another structure, its shadow diminishes that structure’s ability to generate clean and renewable energy, thereby impeding the rights to energy independence. We all deserve access to sunlight and clean air, water and soil.

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BEAUTY CELEBRATING DESIGN THAT CREATES TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE The intent of the Beauty Petal is to recognize the need for beauty as a precursor to caring enough to preserve, conserve and serve the greater good. As a society we are often surrounded by ugly and inhumane physical environments. If we do not care for our homes, streets, offices and neighborhoods then why should we extend care outward to our farms, forests and fields? When we accept billboards, parking lots, freeways and strip malls as being aesthetically acceptable, in the same breath we accept clear-cuts, factory farms and strip mines.

The Living Building Challenge envisions designs that elevate our spirits. Mandating beauty is, by definition, an impossible task. And yet, the level of discussion and, ultimately, the results are elevated through attempting difficult but critical tasks. In this Petal, the Imperatives are based merely on genuine efforts. We do not begin to assume we can judge beauty and project our own aesthetic values on others. But we do want to understand peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objectives and know that an effort was made to enrich peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives with each square meter of construction on each project. This intentionality must carry forth into a program for educating the public about the environmental qualities of their Living Building Challenge project.

There are no current limitations to this petal other than our imaginations and what we as a society choose to value.

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living building

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program

PROGRAM

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Office

Entire Building Program

ITERATION 1 Simplifying the form, the rectalinear building established the relationships of the various programmatic elements. A dual core allows for flexable space.

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Core

Retail

Service

program

Office

Entire Building Program

ITERATION 2 The north side of the building begans to taper, allowing for rooftop access with direct views to the lake. Retail consumes the majority of the ground floor.

Core

Retail

Service

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Office

Entire Building Program

ITERATION 3 The south side of the building tapers exposing the city. A section of the south wall is anged at 34ยบ which is the optimal angle for southern facing PV array yeat-round.

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Retail

Core

Service

program

Office

Entire Building Program

ITERATION 4 The primary form is a simple box with split first and second levels. The box is then extruded in and out to create uniques facade conditions.

Core

Retail

Service

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Office

Entire Building Program

ITERATION 5 A curved southern facade begins to shape the building, creating several outdoor spaces for terraces and green space.

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Retail

Core

Service

program

Office

Retail Entire Building Program

ITERATION 6 The forms are starting to explore a more complex series of relationships as the first and second levels are more elaboritally configured.

Service

Mechanical

Core

Lobby

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Floor Ratios The 225,000 square foot building can be divided into four separate, yet integrated components.

1

The ground floor will be a primarily public realm. Elements included: retail shops, boutiques, office lobby, service area and loading dock.

2

Prime office space will be occupied exclusively by a single tenant, a large corporation. The building will be the public image of the corporation.

3

Tennant office space will be rented, long term for private usage.

The space will need to be versatile and easily adapted for future tenants.

4

The x-factor will be determined based on the buildings use and function. It will support the program and educated users.

BUILDING LAYOUT

An understanding of building layout as it relates to program is critical to a successful design. To maximize profits the amount of rent-able space needs to be increased. There is a balance in the lease span, too small of a lease span and rent-able space is too small, too large of a lease span and the natural light in the core is insufficient. The core can be split in two to accommodate programmatic needs and to reduce the travel distance of emergency exits.

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Floor Plate

Rent-able Space

Building Core

Lease Span

program

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design intent

DESIGN INTENT Through the intigration of various energy efficient strategies, the new Cummins headquarters will recognize the 20 points of the Living Building Challenge and approach become a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Net Zeroâ&#x20AC;? building.

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DESIGN INTENT

Client: Cummins is a company that specializes in diesel engines but is also involved in various propulsion and drive-train components. The current headquarters is located in Columbus, Indiana. Their 2nd CEO, J. Irwin Millers, is so profoundly interested in architecture that he started a program where Cummins will fund all the architects fees in Columbus, Indiana. Architecture in Columbus, Indiana includes works by Robert Venturi, I.M. Pei and Richard Meier.

Client Values: Cummins has a 10 point table that lists their sustainable values, below are some of the highlights: • Engage in the community • Support a balanced global approach.

• Make work spaces green spaces.

• Harness the energy of employees.

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• Develop clean, efficient products.

• Develop environmentally sustainable supply chains.

The X-Factor: The first two floors of the building will give back to the community and serve as the lakefronts “downtown” region. This space will serve as a multi-modal hub to the Burke Lakefront area and will plug the area into the greater city context. The pattern of soft/ hardscapes will be developed and flow into the building. Softscapes will be terraced and utilized for various uses including egress, gardens and an amphitheater.

A skywalk will bridge the boulevard from the south and connect site D to site A. The skywalk will enter the center of the building where views of the lake are best framed and will help pull pedestians to the site.

Other programmatic elements will include a bar/cafe/

design intent

restaurant, retail space, wifi lounge, observation deck and a farmers market.

User Types: Cummins employees: • Require a direct route to upper level office facilities but will want to appreciate the lakefront/x-factor space en route.

• They value efficiency, the importance of their time/ energy and work spaces becoming green spaces.

Multi-modal travelers: these travelers will include pedestrians, bikes, buses, taxis, cars, water taxi and airport users.

• Require most efficient means of connecting multiple means of transportation as well as facilities that are useable year-round.

• Value comfortable spaces and efficient connections

approach, passage and place.

• They value the lakefront views, historical significance of the USS COD and coast guard.

Shoppers/ Diners • Require an appealing place to shop and dine that offers a unique experience you cannot get anywhere else in the city.

• They value the lakeside adjacency, elevated spaces for views and ease of access.

Passive Strategies: • Passive ventilation • Solar gain wind protection of outdoor spaces • Light shelfs • Stack ventilation through central atrium

Sightseeing • Require a beautiful destination that tells a story via the

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ENERGY USE INTENSITY

The majority of our baseline study of similar building types shows an extreme use in electricity consumption. We will have to deal with cutting the cost of electricity as much as possible. 70% of the baseline study energy consumption comes from electrical usage. The other 30% is fuel usage. These types of energies are used for different aspects in the building. Electricity is mainly used for lighting, miscellaneous equipment, and parts of the HVAC system. The fuel is used for parts of the HVAC system and for domestic hot water. As we continue to develop the use of passive systems such as PV panels (both panels and window-encased), and wind generation, we will

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focus on how these systems can eliminate the reliance on the off site energy resources.

Special attention needs to be paid to the months in which peak energy will be needed. Since we are working with the living building challenge, we are not going to be using a fuel source. Therefore, we will have to make sure we can use electrical systems to heat the building, while keeping the cost of doing so at a minimum.

Electricity EUI: 15 kWh/sf/yr Fuel EUI: 22 kBtu/sf/yr Total Baseline EUI: 73 kBtu/sf/yr

design intent

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SOLAR RADIATION AND WIND STUDIES

Studies of solar radiation show that the building is hit by two extremes: high solar radiation on the south facades, and low solar radiation on the north facades.

This is true during all times of the year. Focusing on how we can distribute the two extremes through out the space will allow help to keep the interior climate comfortable while reducing unnecessary heating and cooling costs.

Looking toward how the building reacts the wind, we notice that one area of concern is the space between our building and the building on site B. This space is now a wind tunnel and more investigation as to

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how to avoid this is going to be further researched.

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final work

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final work

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structure

STRUCTURE The building will be constructed used multiple structural systems. Subterranian will be concrete, above grade will be steel frame and lateral forces will be resolved with sheer walls within the core.

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STRUCTURAL

NORTHEAST

SOUTHWEST

VERTICAL LOADS BASED ON USE Office Use Computer Use

Access floor systems 50 psf 100 psf

Fixed Seats Lobbies Movable Seats

Assembly areas 60 psf 100 psf 100 psf

Corridors

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100 psf

Resturants

100 psf

Elevator Machine Room

300 psf

Fire Escape

100 psf

Office Buildings Lobbies and 1st Floor Corridor 100 psf Offices 50 psf Corridors above 1st Floor 80 psf

structure

SELECTED SYSTEM The system will be a concrete foundation using end bearing piles. The above grade construction will be steel framing with core contained shear walls.

A typical floor plate will be laid out with two axis’s that walls and beams are oriented to. The site creates an orthogonal grid. The building is rotated 15º clockwise from the site grid. The new datum creates a courtyard on the southwest part of the site and on the northeast side of the site. The building orientation also promotes natural ventilation by minimizing the building thickness along the northeast-southwest axis. The south facade is rotated to allow for solar gain in the winter.

The design has 2 independent cores.

The central bays are 24 feet wide. This is where the stairs, elevators, electrical rooms and systems chases are located.

Shear walls are shown in red, they support the shear forces that are shown by the red arrows. The columns are shown as exposed wide flange sections in the diagram and support vertical loads represented as the grey arrows. The columns carry the load to the foundation which consists of end bearing piles.

LATERAL LOADS The site will have a surface roughness D because of the close proximity to the lake. The exposure will be category D. The basic design wind speed will be 90mph.

Lateral loads (wind and seismic) will be resisted using shear walls.

The building will be constructed using steel frame construction. The vertical loads will be transferred to a series of steel columns (10”x10”) that carry the load to the foundation. The soil conditions on site are very week for bearing strength and friction resistance.

The building will use end bearing pylons that will extend approximently 90’ below grade to the bedrock. Intermediate piles will also be used along the first floor slab to prevent cracking.

Shear walls focused within the core will be used to control lateral forces. The building is approximently 160’ tall and will therefore require roughly 20’ of shear wall support in each direction. The core evenly supports this requirement to prevent torsional forces.

Based on the required fire rating, the floor thickness will be 4” total; a 2” corrugated steel deck will be topped with concrete to add reinforcement.

The soild condition has a unified soil classification of OL.

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mechanical

MECHANICAL The building will primarily use a geothermal, variable refrigerant flow system. This system is highly efficient, but requires more space than a standard VAV system.

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MECHANICAL Owner and User Requirements: The owner requires the highest efficiency possible. The building needs to be at net-zero operations. Budget is not a large deciding factor and therefore, life-cycle cost will not be as valuable as overall efficiency.

The users of the upper office spaces require a thermally comfortable environment that will have fresh air. In the spring and autumn, passive ventilation strategies will be able to provide thermally comfortable environments.

Occupancy: Lower 2 levels (public) Use groups: A (assembly), M (mercantile), S (storage) Restaurant (12sq. ft./ person) + Retail (25sq. ft./ person) + Wifi Lounge (25sq. ft./ person) + Observation Deck (10sq. ft./ person) Upper 7 levels (office) Use groups: A (assembly), B (business), S (storage) 1 person / 100 sq. ft. = 210 people / floor = 1470 people total (max) Selected System: The system will primarily consist of a closed loop geothermal VRF system. This will condition all single height spaces, primarily office spaces. A closed loop geothermal radiant floor system will be used in the multi-story spaces.

This system allows the conditioning of people rather than the entire space.

Pros and Cons: VRF Advantages: • Option for “free” simultaneous heating and cooling by transferring energy between spaces.

• High Efficiencies • Individual room thermostat control.

• System does not require a central chiller or boiler to operate. System is stand-alone and can be operated anytime.

• Multiple Indoor unit types, including ductless.

• Very quiet system VRF Disadvantages: • System must be designed to meet ASHRAE 15, in that, if there is a refrigerant leak, the refrigerant does not exceed limits set forth in ASHRAE 15.

• Each room has a fan coil unit in the ceiling and outdoor air must be supplied to each unit.

• Outdoor air should be dehumidified during summer to prevent high zone humidity.

• Each room fan coil has a condensate pan, that must be periodically cleaned.

• Restriction on refrigerant lengths

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A radiant floor system will be able to heat the space in the winter and cool the space in the summer using the same series of closed loop water pipes. This system works well in tall spaces with a lot of perimeter glazing. The loops will be 6 inches on center toward the perimeter and 12 inches on center in the core of the space. When in cooling mode, the water running through the loops will be cooled to just above the dew point temperature of the space to prevent condensation. In the winter, water can be piped at approximately 120º Fahrenheit. The use of radiant floor heating in large spaces will eliminate the need for duct work and utilize the geothermal wells.

Radiant Floor Advantages: • Uses geothermal heating/ cooling • Heats/ cools occupants, not the entire space (large volume) • Offsets solar gain Radiant Floor disadvantages: • Does not include ventilation and fresh air.

• More elaborate installation process than standard floor deck.

• Not as efficient in large areas with small floor to floor.

Energy Extraction and Generation: Heat is being extracted and returned to the ground via a geothermal VRF system and a geothermal radiant floor system. In cooling mode, heat will be removed from the spaces and circulated through heat sinks powered by a water source heat pump. In heating mode, heat will be extracted from the earth and distributed throughout the building.

One of the benefits of the VRF system is the option for “free” simultaneous heating and cooling by transferring energy between spaces. The south and west facade will generate heat via solar gain which can be exchanged with the cool temperatures of the north and east sides of the building.

Fresh / Ventilation Air: Both the VRF and radiant floor system will use a dedicated outdoor air supply system for fresh air and ventilation. The DOAS will use an energy recovery system to exchange temperature between the conditioned exhaust air and the unconditioned ventilation air. This technique is called building exhaust recovery and will utilize air-to-air heat exchange.

The VRF system will connect to the DOAS in several ductless air handling units on each floor. This will exchange heat from the hot/cold water from the water source heat

mechanical

pump with the fresh air. After the exchange, the water will pass through a branch controller to recover some energy before it passed back through the water source heat pump.

The radiant floor system will have an independent DOAS that will handle fresh air and ventilation.

Distribution System The building will distribute the closed loop water through a mechanical chase on every floor. The fresh air from the DOAS will run along the same chase.

The vertical distribution will be a circulation cores.

The horizontal distribution will orient based on structure and circulation paths.

Central vs. local equipment: Central • Geothermal wells (Below grade) • Geothermal valves (First level) • Pumps (Second level) • Water source heat pump (Second level) • Dedicated outdoor air supply (Roof) • Building exhaust recovery unit (Roof)

fresh air and daylight.”

Point 9, healthy air, will be attended by internal and external dirt track-in systems, separate exhaust and ventilation to bathrooms, copy rooms and janitor closets, ventilation complying with ASHRAE 62 and prohibiting onsite smoking of employees ands visitors.

Innovation: • Building exhaust recovery • Multi zone (south& west vs. north& east) for simultaneous “free” heating and cooling of spaces via the exchange of energy in a branch controller.

• Solar gained heat will be distributed using the branch controller and multiple zones.

• Radiant floor for large spaces, where the radiant floor system could recover energy from the VRF system via an energy recovery unit placed at the end of the VRF closed loop.

• Using geothermal for both VRF and radiant floor.

• Heat stack ventilation when the building is in cooling mode.

Local • Several ductless air handling units (Ceiling of upper levels) • Branch controller (Mech. room of each level) • Fresh air ducts to ductless AHU (Ceiling of upper levels) • Ventilation air ducts to exhaust recovery unit (Ceiling of upper levels) • For radiant floor, closed loop water pipes (lower floors) Special Considerations: The double height spaces require special attention because a VRF system will in ineffective to condition the entire volume of space. In this scenario, a radiant floor system will condition the occupants of the space.

The central bay of the building on the first two levels will serve as an unconditioned arcade. The space will be served by the same DOAS as the radiant floor system in times of low natural ventilation.

Living Building Challenge: There are several energy recovery systems that reuse energy on site which helps support point 7 of the living building challenge, net zero energy.

The system intends to utilize natural ventilation which supports point 8: “Every occupiable interior space of the project must have operable windows that provide access to

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MECHANICAL

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mechanical

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plumbing

PLUMBING Through the intigration of various energy efficient strategies, the new Cummins headquarters will recognize the 20 points of the Living Building Challenge and approach become a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Net Zeroâ&#x20AC;? building.

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PLUMBING

Living Building Challenge Supporting concept 5 in the living building challenge, net zero water, the purification of water will be done without the use of chemicals to account for down-steam ecological impact.

In conjunction with the living building challenge concept 6, ecological water flow and rainwater harvesting will be used for irrigation water sources. The water will need to be purified and used within a small enough time span so it does not become contaminated.

Using a series of tanks, the water can be purified in series. Using a floating draw off mechanism, with draw from the last in series, the water can be effectively purified.

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Hot Water: Hot water will be heated in a high efficiency electric water heater. It will be electric to comply with the living building challenge stating not to use fossil fuels. The water heater will be on the second level, close to the mechanical room.

Site and Roof Water: Roof and site water will be collected and filtered for irrigation usage. Tanks will be visible on the southwest side of the building and additional tanks may be housed on the northeast corner of the building.

Greywater and Blackwater: The building will use greywater reuse. The program will include a lot of green spaces within the winter garden and potentially a greenhouse and roof gardens. The plants within these spaces will require watering. The

plumbing

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

water will be greywater which is filtered after being used in the laundry, dishes and showers and sinks.

Greywater will be filtered using a sand filtration system. This will prevent the water from being contaminated but the water will still not be potable. Once the water is filtered, it will be stored below grad and used for irrigation and toilets.

The toilet application could prove water use reductions of up to 30%.

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lighting

LIGHTING The building lighting will use as much natural light as possible. Additional light will be as efficient as possible using sustainable technology and strategies.

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LIGHTING

Adressing Lighting The goal of the building mass layout is to promote natural light into all interior spaces. The lease span will vary from 25’-35’. With the use of light shelves and/ or tapered ceilings, natural light will be very effective especially for rooms with southern exposure.

In a section of the ceiling to floor cavity, lighting is the lowest of all systems. The design will allow for up to 6” of space for lighting systems.

Lighting Requirements: • Office - .90 Watts/ sq. ft.

• Dining - .99 Watts/ sq. ft.

• Retail - 1.40 Watts/ sq. ft.

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To meet and exceed the ASHRAE 90.1 requirements, sustainable systems and technologies will be employed to reduce the overall energy consumption and carbon footprint. These technologies and strategies include:

• • • • • • • • •

High efficiency L.E.D. light systems Occupancy sensors Daylight sensors Light schedules Daylight sensors Sconce lights with solid backdrops Light shelves Louvers to reduce glare Light zones

lighting

DAYLIGHTING

When developing the form of our building, we felt it was especially important to allow it to respond to the sun. One reason for that is to use the suns energy to power the building. The other is to accept as much daylighting as possible. Plugging in the core to our mass, we made sure to place it in a spot so that it would allow for the most even distribution of daylighting. The perimeter spacing from the core to the exterior ranges between 25-35 feet.

Keeping the perimeter at a respectable width will allow for most all space to be day lit.

In order to guide more light into the space, we are proposing to use tapered ceilings. The reflections of the light off the ceiling will more evenly diffuse the light around the space. For depths of more than 35 feet, light shelves may be added so that we can capture more daylighting to force it further into the core for the spaces that harder to bring daylight to.

On the ground level, white concrete may be used for the hardscaped spaces so the light will better reflect off the ground into the building. It will be difficult to deal with the shadows of the neighboring building on Site B.

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electrical

ELECTRICAL The electrical system will incorporate renewable energy sources on site and will have a biodiesel backup generator fueled by fast-food restaurant greese.

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ELECTRICAL Power and Communications Systems The electrical system will require several components.

First of which is the primary electrical room which is located on the second floor. Normally this room would be in the basement, however, the water table prevents the possibility having mechanical and electrical equipment below grade. The room is elevated to the second floor to maximize rentable first floor space.

The main electrical room will be in close proximity to the loading dock and will be on the south side of the building (closest to the street) to receive the main power supply from the city. The main electrical room will contain: • All main switch gear • Unit substations • Transformers • Main distribution panel (7.5’x5’x20’) • Motor control centers • 2hr fire rating • Concrete block walls Each floor will have 2 electrical/ telecom rooms (110sf).

They will be stacked vertically floor to floor. A corner of the room will have a small electrical chase where the vertical risers will run. There rooms will need to be located within 150’ of all rentable space. Therefore, the electrical and telecommunication rooms will be in the center of the core.

Emergency Power: Adjacent to the electrical room, there will be an emergency power generation room. Equipment within the room will include: • Biodiesel generator (10’x12’x15’) • Fuel tank • Muffler • Air exhaust and ventilation The generator will need to ran once a week to prevent expiration of fuel and ensure that everything is functioning properly.

The generator will be ran during off-hours of the building. During this time, the custodial staff will maintenance and clean the building. The lighting required to clean will be powered by the generator and the heat from the generator will be recovered and used to heat water in the janitor’s closet sink on each floor.

Site Generated Power: In compliance with the living building challenge, the building will utilize renewable energy sources. The primary renewable will be PV arrays, located on the roof and on the south and west facades.

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Photovoltaic Arrays Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are PV arrays that are integrated into the design of a building and can contribute to aesthetic appeal. For our design, we will explore the use of facade mounted BIPVs. There are advantages and disadvantages to this approach.

Advantages: • Better protection • Most visible • Most effective in northern cities Disadvantages: • Less yields • Expensive • Wiring through facade To supplement the facade BIPVs, roof mounted PV arrays will be used if there is available space to place them. The arrays will be adjustable to maximize energy generation year-round. The seasonal angles and adjusting dates will be:

• • • •

Spring: 36.9º (March 5th) Summer: 12.5º (April 16th) Autumn: 36.9º (August 24th) Winter: 59.6º (October 7th)

Both systems will require DC&AC isolators, power inverters and possible batteries to store the power overnight.

Wind generation Wind generators might be used, if necessary, to offset the energy use within the building. Wind generators can either be located on the roof or on the upper level terraces. The primary wind pattern is on a northeast and southwest axis. Orienting the wind generators along this axis will be critical to the efficiency of the generators.

Cummins is exploring wind generators. An outside company designs the propeller systems and Cummins integrates their generator into the assembly. The generators in the building will be Cummins brand.

Communications The communication systems will have two dedicated rooms on every level that will house the buildings communication equipment. The rooms will be located within a 150’ radius of all building extents.

electrical

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

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envelope

ENVELOPE The building envelope will integrate the other systems. It will allow daylighting, natural ventilation, rainwater collection and solar gain.

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ENVELOPE

STRATEGIES

Cutting a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy bill often revolves around changes to its mechanical and electrical operations or system. But a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roof, walls and windows may also provide savings. Options fall into three broad categories: keeping outdoor heat out, keeping indoor heat in and controlling the flow of moisture through surfaces.

A variety of technologies are available, but whether any one is cost-effective depends on climate, building orientation and utility rates. Most of these technologies are mature, though a few have entered the market recently.

Simple heat loss and gain calculations, while appropriate for residential properties, may not yield accurate results when applied to commercial buildings.

Interactions with internal loads like lighting and mechanical systems may require a more sophisticated analytical approach using computer software.

The federal government and some states offer financial incentives, but payback periods vary widely.

Many envelope options are best designed into new buildings or incorporated into repair or renovation projects rather than treated as stand-alone efficiency investments.

- http://www.facilitiesnet.com/energyefficiency/article/Energy-Gains-The-Envelope-Please--4091

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envelope

RELATIONSHIPS

Relation to Structure: The envelope will need to directly relate to the structure. The envelope will address the same grid as the column grid as to align mullions with structural components. Although structure will not be expressed in the envelope, the dimensions and proportions of the structural system will govern the layout of the envelope.

Relation to Daylighting: The envelope will allow for the daylighting of internal spaces. To extend the range of natural light to the core of the building, ceilings will taper on the exterior and light shelfs will be placed on southern exposed walls. The light shelves will allow a penetration of up to 2.5X the height of the window. The floor to ceiling will be 10â&#x20AC;&#x2122;, therefore, penetration will approach 25â&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

Louvers may be incorporated to prevent solar gain in the summer and encourage it in the winter.

CURTAIN WALL

Part of the facade will consist of curtain wall systems.

One study shows that in order for a curtain wall dominated building to have a net-zero energy consumption, the curtain wall will need to be at least R=10. To achieve this, the curtain wall panels will be triple glazed, low-e glass.

There are applications that use double skins.

Although these systems may reduce thermal bridging, they restrict natural ventilation and reduce usable floor area.

Studies prove that the use of low-e glazing will accomplish the same goals. Given the small site, it is important to maximize floor area while minimizing footprint.

Workspaces located close to the envelope will be oriented perpendicular to the glazing to optimize task light and minimize glare.

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fire protection

FIRE PROTECTION Through the intigration of various energy efficient strategies, the new Cummins headquarters will recognize the 20 points of the Living Building Challenge and approach become a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Net Zeroâ&#x20AC;? building.

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FIRE PROTECTION

Sprinkling: The building will be fully sprinkled. This will allow a more relaxed fire-rating on certain components which will provide more design options.

Special Conditions Within the core of the building, a central atrium will run the entire height of the building. The atrium will be used for stack ventilation but will need special attention to the fire protection.

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fire protection

TECHNIQUES

Three primary techniques will provide fire protection to the building: Passive techniques: the building will be compartmentalized using fire rated walls. Mechanical, electrical and other significant or core areas will be insulated with a minimum of 2 hour fire protection barriers on all sides. Compartmentalization will slow the spread of fire and add time for occupant to vacate and for the fire to be supressed.

Active Techniques: the building will contain automatic and manual fire detection systems as well as automatic and manual sprinkler systems.

Fire Prevention: ignition sources will be minimized and combustable fuels will not be used within the building (with the exception of the backup generator). All occupants will have clear explination of emergency exits using maps and emergency/ exit signs.

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systems summary

SYSTEMS SUMMARY Through the intigration of various energy efficient strategies, the new Cummins headquarters will recognize the 20 points of the Living Building Challenge and approach become a â&#x20AC;&#x153;Net Zeroâ&#x20AC;? building.

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CORE

Core: The core shown above is the same on all nine levels of the building. The core is split to align with the angle of the building. The section shown is a bent section to display the core elements in a direct profile view.

Electrical / Telecommunication: The next space inward is the electrical/ telecommunication room. There are two of these rooms located on either side of the core. The diagram on the top right shows the 150â&#x20AC;&#x2122; range that these rooms have within the building.

Fire Stairs: Fire stairs are located on the side of the core to allow two escape points from anywhere in the building. The west exit will run through a corridor shown in section and the east exit will run through a small open lobby.

Mechanical: The mechanical room allows the vertical distribution of fresh/ exhaust air as well as heated/cooled water for the VRF system. The mechanical chase connects to a DOAS on the roof and geothermal heat source pumps (second floor) and heat sinks (in ground).

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systems summary

INTIGRATION

Service: Connects directly to the loading dock on the first floor.

The loading dock is on the west of the building and will be screened with foliage to hide the undesirable components of the service dock. On every other level, there is enough space in front of the elevator for buffer zone between service and public.

Elevator Core: There are four elevators that will run all nine levels and service primarily office employees. The electric elevator parts will be located in an elevator box on the roof.

Bathroom: The bathroom has a shared chase as well as a small janitors closet located by the entry. Womens bathrooms will have 1 accessible water closet and 4 regular water closets. Mens bathrooms will have 1 accessible water closets, 1 regular water closet and 3 urinals. Both bathrooms will have 3 sinks and 2 high efficiency hand dryers.

Atrium: The atrium will run from levels three to nine. It will allow natural light to the core and heat stack ventilation. In the atrium space on the first two levels, the building will be an open arcade and will be thermally insulated from the rest of the building.

The structural system will dictate the space plan based on the column grid, the bay size is 40‘x32’ (1280 sq. ft.). The double height spaces align to this grid as to not expose structural members through a double height space. The members could be removed but that would cause extenuating torsional forces. The structural system will inhibit the placement of other systems; especially regard the ceiling to floor cavity. Structural members, especially girders, are the most space consuming system within the cavity. Based on preliminary member sizing, the largest girder will be approximently 33” deep.

The mechanical distribution will require ceiling space for diffusers and exhaust venting. The placement of these elements will need to correspond to the lighting plan.The mechanical room will be located on the second floor. Some special considerations of placing the room on this level include: • Noise • Large loads • Vibration • Fresh air/ exhaust to mechanical room The lighting system corresponds directly to the mechanical and envelope systems. The envelop will allow daylight deep into interior spaces. The envelope will also dictate thermal insulation and bridging which will effect the mechanical loads within the space. Ceiling planning will be a balance of light placement and mechanical equipment placement that will optimize the different zones for each system.

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TYPICAL FLOOR SECTION

The lighting and mechanical systems will consist of different zones based on orientation, occupancy, function and proximity to the core or perimeter.

The lighting system will have several zones on each floor. The first system of division will be proximity to the core or perimeter. Dividing into 2-3 zones, depending on lease span, will allow daylighting sensors to control intensity of lights. The different shades represent different luminaire zones. When daylight is intense, perimeter zones will dim. The lightest shade (core) will be primarily a circulation zone. The second system of division will be types of lighting. There will be ambient lights located

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close to the circulation zone, some ambient light in the ceilings and task lighting in specific task spaces. All lights will also have occupancy sensors that will turn off the lights after 30 minutes to support with the living building challenge.

The mechanical system will be divided into zones based on orientation. Southern zones will have more solar gain that can be exchanged with cool temperatures of northern zones. The core, shown in blue, will vertically distribute fresh air and hot/ cold water to ductless air handling units on each floor.

systems summary

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final work

FINAL WORK

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cleveland lakefront development _ idc competition 2013 office building cummins

sustainability [corporate] identity

functionality

commu

integrated design competition 2013

mixed use office building

SITE

Ryan Duncan & Matt Dureiko [Professor Harker]

PROGRAM

The site is 2 on the sho jacent to Bu

SUSTAIN

There are se conne

CUMMINS REGIONAL

HEADQUARTERS

engage the community support a balanced global approach make work spaces green spaces harness the energy of employees develop clean, efficient products

Operable Lo Operable w Tapered Ce PV arrays Light Shelv Triple LowWindows (R Polystyrene tion (R=36)

WEST ELEVATION

Cummins is seeking a new corporate headquarters for the northeastern US and has chose the Burke Lakefront Development in Cleveland, Ohio as a site. The proposal is a 220,000 sq. ft. mixeduse office building that will serve as a multi-modal hub, linking various forms of transportation and providing public facilities that engage the community. Listed above, Cumminâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s corporate goals were the driving force in the development of a new mixed-use office building for the company. The first two levels of the building will give back to the city; feature public facilities such as a winter garden, dining, retail and bike exchange. The design employs sustainable technology to operate at net-zero emissions while remaining highly functional and aesthetically appealing.

LEVEL 1 PLAN

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HIGH EFFIC ENVELOP The buildin lope system is the prima on the sout west facing

final work solar

work spaces become green spaces winter garden

cummins community

dining

on 2013

design process, concept and strategies

retail

lding

Professor Harker]

mmunity pproach n spaces ployees roducts

ROOFTOP PHOTOV

SITE

On the roof, 7,000 square convert it to electricity fo year-round. They are plac usable space as well as co

TERRACED GREEN SITE The site is 270’x120’ and located on the shoreline of Lake Erie adjacent to Burke Lakefront Airport.

FOOTPRINT The building is long and narrow to promote natural ventilation and daylighting.

FOLD Folding the building orients views and creates southern exposure for facade integrated PVs.

COURTYARD Folding the building creates of north and south courtyard that connect through a open arcade.

PROGRAM The orientation allows for unique views for each prime and tenant space.

The building geometry is terraces. There are terrac occupiable outdoor spac views. There is an empha terraces because of direc

SUSTAIN

first floor

The core is split in two to cross ventilation and allo tral heat stack.

CORE

PUBLIC CUMMINS

ENVELOPE [08: CIV ENVIRONMENT]

SERVICE

All the envelope systems daylighting and naturally of all occupiable interior

second floor

PROGRAM

HIGH EFFICIENCY C [12: CARBON FOOT

GREEN SPACE There are several green terraces, on the ground level green space connects the southwest corner with 2nd floor public space.

HIGH EFFICIENCY ENVELOP The building envelope system shown is the primary skin on the south and west facing facades.

Operable Louvers Operable windows Tapered Ceilings PV arrays Light Shelves Triple Low-E Argon Windows (R=13) Polystyrene Insulation (R=36)

WEST ELEVATION

Year-round daylighting Sun Louvers Provide Shade Generation [PV arrays]

SPLIT CORE & BOTTOM LEVELS The building is divided on the public levels to create an open arcade that connects the lake to the city.

Year-round daylighting

Sun Louvers Allow Solar Gain Windows: R=13 Walls : R=36

Natural Ventilation

Generation [PV arrays]

SUMMER PROFILE [solar shading]

WINTER PROFILE [solar gain]

SOUTH ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

USE GROUPS The lower 2 levels are public and give back to the city. Levels 3 and 4 are tenant spaces. Cummins occupies the upper 5 levels.

WATER COLLECTION AND REUSE Water will be collected from 4 different roof systems and reused for irrigation. There are several outdoor and indoor garden spaces that will benefit from this system.

GARDENS [02: URB AGRICULTURE]

All of the terraces are des to provide outdoor space ployees. Every terrace ha space that could be used thetic value, biophilia ed urban agriculture.

SITE PLACEMENT [01: LIMITS TO GRO

The chosen site is previous developed and the new de opment supports existing conditions by not destroyi existing biodiversity and la

With a total of 57,000 sq. ft. of collectible surface, the system can harvest up to 1.4 million gallons a year reducing water consumption by up to 15%.

NORTH ELEVATION

4K PLAN

s for the northDevelopment in 00 sq. ft. mixeddal hub, linking ic facilities that corporate goals w mixed-use ofof the building s such as a windesign employs ssions while recally appealing.

LEVEL 1 PLAN

LEVEL 2 PLAN

LEVELS 3-5 PLAN

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cleveland lakefront development _ idc competition 2013 daylighting

wind solar

impact

built environment value

process, trategies

design detail, value and meaning ROOFTOP PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY [07: NET ZERO ENERGY]

WATER COLLECTION [05: NET ZERO WATER]

On the roof, 7,000 square feet of photovoltaic array will harvest energy from the sun and convert it to electricity for building usage. The arrays are angled to improve efficiency year-round. They are placed on the south side of the roof to prevent shadows and cover usable space as well as conceal the DOAS. PVs are also integrated into the building skin.

There are 4 roof systems that will collect and filter water to be used for on-site irrigation. Water treatment and use also covers point 06: Ecological Water Flow.

TERRACED GREEN SPACE [03: HABITAT EXCHANGE]

PROGRAM n allows for unique h prime and tenant space.

OCCUPIABLE ROOF [18: RIGHTS TO NATURE]

The building geometry is carved away to allow a system of green terraces. There are terraces on all sides of the building to provide occupiable outdoor space for patrons to enjoy surrounding views. There is an emphasis on southern and western terraces because of direct sunlight for foliage.

The roof is occupiable and features outdoor facilities that can be utilized by occupants (stage, benches, tables.) The design does not block fresh water or sunlight to any existing structure.

HIGH EFFICIENCY CORE [12: CARBON FOOTPRINT]

CENTRAL ATRIUM [09: HEALTHY AIR]

The core is split in two to promote cross ventilation and allow a central heat stack.

Hot air will rise through the central heat stack and be released through roof vents. Daylight will penetrate the interior of the building and reach the lower levels through a glass floor.

ENVELOPE [08: CIVILIZED ENVIRONMENT]

RETAIL [17: SOCIAL JUSTICE]

All the envelope systems promote daylighting and naturally ventilation of all occupiable interior spaces.

Approximately 5000 square feet of the south east first floor has been allocated for mixed retail. All public facilities on the lower two levels are fully accessible and promote social justice and equal access for all users.

GARDENS [02: URBAN AGRICULTURE]

USE GROUPS ty. Levels 3 and upper 5 levels.

All of the terraces are designed to provide outdoor space for employees. Every terrace has green space that could be used for aesthetic value, biophilia education or urban agriculture.

WINTER GARDEN [10: BIOPHILIA]

The two story winter garden nurtures the innate human attraction to natural systems and processes.

The garden benefits from solar gain and offers an escape for pedestrians on a cold or unpleasant day,

SITE PLACEMENT [01: LIMITS TO GROWTH]

MAIN ENTRY - OPEN

BIKE SHARING [04: CAR FREE LIVING]

A bike storage and repair room will be located on the first floor to support a car free working environment.

Employees can ride their bikes to work, store them in a local, secure location and shower in the locker rooms before a day at the office.

The chosen site is previously developed and the new development supports existing conditions by not destroying existing biodiversity and landscape.

LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE

The Living Building Challenge is a list of goals set forth by the ILBI. The new Cummins Headquarters meets the challenge by engaging each of the 20 imperatives: SITE- orientation, terracing and capturing of site-specific resources.

PROGRAM - work spaces become green spaces and energy use intensity reduction.

SUSTAIN - through massing, technology and sustainable systems.

4K VIEW 1

TYPE 1 [LOUVER SCREE The building envelope trol and the louver prov

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

2

4K PLAN

LEVELS 3-5 PLAN

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TRANSVERSE SECTION

LEVELS 6-9 PLAN

4000 SF OFFICE

The 4000 sq. ft. office design represents a typical tenant space on rentable floors 3 and 4. Following point 8 from the living building challenge, the design allows for fresh air and daylight to every occupiable interior space. When selecting finishes, considerations include materialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s embodied carbon footprint, responsible industry and appropriate sourcing.

final work to the city

to the lake to the site

n detail, meaning

net-zero [return on investment]

corporate and communal

execution and identity

ATER COLLECTION NET ZERO WATER]

will collect and filter wagation. Water treatment 6: Ecological Water Flow.

OCCUPIABLE ROOF GHTS TO NATURE]

and features outdoor fazed by occupants (stage, he design does not block o any existing structure.

CENTRAL ATRIUM [09: HEALTHY AIR]

rise through the central and be released through ylight will penetrate the e building and reach the els through a glass floor.

7: SOCIAL JUSTICE]

y 5000 square feet of the or has been allocated for lic facilities on the lower accessible and promote equal access for all users.

EN [10: BIOPHILIA]

rden nurtures the innate l systems and processes. m solar gain and offers an a cold or unpleasant day,

MAIN ENTRY - OPEN ARCADE

NORTH COURTYARD

4K VIEW 1

4K VIEW 2

CAR FREE LIVING]

m will be located on the e working environment. to work, store them in a r in the locker rooms before a day at the office.

TYPE 1 [LOUVER SCREENED] The building envelope system shown allows for daylight control and the louver provide a thermal barrier when closed.

TYPE 2 [FACADE INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC] The building envelope system shown is the primary skin on the south and west facing facades.

TYPE 3 [SPIDER GLASS] The spider glass system minimizes the visual impact of a curtain wall and opens up the winter garden space.

0 SF OFFICE

esents a typical tenant owing point 8 from the allows for fresh air and space. When selecting rialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s embodied carbon d appropriate sourcing.

ENVELOPE SYSTEMS

Different envelope systems perform different functions that benefit the user. The envelopes are designed to create daylight, reduce glare, promote natural ventilation and harvest solar power.

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146

final work

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final work

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final work

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