Volume 50, Issue 10

The Independent Student Newspaper of the University of Toronto Mississauga since 1974

themedium.ca

Issue 10 Volume 50 November 13 2023

ILLUSTRATION BY BEATRIZ SIMAS/ THE MEDIUM

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NEWS EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief River Knott editor@themedium.ca Managing Editor Ricardo Jaroslav Valdez managing@themedium.ca

Editor | Larry Lau news@themedium.ca

UTM’s plan for a greener future Taking a closer look at UTM’s Sustainability Strategic Plan and the importance of sustainability for our future.

News Larry Lau news@themedium.ca

Celesta Maniatogianni Contributor

Opinion Kareena Kailass opinion@themedium.ca

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Features Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady features@themedium.ca A&E Alisa Samuel arts@themedium.ca Sports Omar Khan sports@themedium.ca Photo Samira Karimova photos@themedium.ca Design Laura Tovar design@themedium.ca Copy Chris Berberian jaros@themedium.ca Maja Ting maja@themedium.ca

midst the rise of global temperatures, sustainability has never been more important. The well-being of present and future generations is contingent on the health of our planet.

In recent years, the University of Toronto Mississauga’s (UTM) Sustainability Office has made efforts to promote a greener future and become a leader in sustainable practices.

Back in 2020, UTM launched its Sustainability Strategic Plan, a collaborative effort by the Principal’s Sustainability Advisory Committee, which involves students, faculty, and staff working together to devise a strategy to create a more sustainable UTM. Influenced by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, the plan features 26 goals, each divided across five pillars: academic programs and curriculum, research, campus engagement, civic engagement, and human resources and infrastructure. Some short-term objectives have been completed since the introduction of the plan, while others are more longterm and not set to be fully completed until 2030.

The Medium reached out to UTM’s Sustainability Office to get a deeper understanding of the Sustainability Strategic Plan, the university’s role in environmental protection, and the importance of this plan for sustainability on campus.

A spokesperson for UTM explained that “sustainability represents a fundamental commitment to creating a better world for all people.” The Sustainability Strategic Plan was designed to integrate sustainability into all campus operations, from academics to facility management and student life. “By embracing sustainability as a cornerstone of campus operations, we are not only investing in the longevity and prosperity of our institution, but also setting a powerful example for others to follow in the pursuit of a more sustainable world.”

The plan also emphasizes the importance of UTM becoming a leader in sustainability. “Being a leader in sustainability goes beyond simply holding the top position on a list. It means embodying a sincere commitment to the belief that sustainability is essential, and continuously seeking ways to advance our progress in this critical endeavor,” explained the spokesperson.

UTM has committed to becoming climate-positive by 2050.

Additionally, UTM is a participant in the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System program (STARS), which assists post-secondary institutions in tracking their progress in sustainability. This initiative has contributed to the university’s path toward sustainability and “highlighted the necessity of collaboration in the pursuit of sustainability.”

Since its publication three years ago, the Sustainability Strategic Plan has been annually re-evaluated by the Principal’s Sustainability Advisory Committee (PSAC) to ensure that it remains relevant. “We will be releasing our 2022-2023 progress report before the end of the year,” stated the spokesperson.

An example of the university’s progress is the project to reduce the use of road salt on campus. According to a UTM spokesperson, UTM reduced its road salt use by over 80 per cent during the winter of 2022-2023. Additionally, UTM is the first U of T campus to be recognized as a Silver certified institution according to the STARS framework.

UTM is always encouraging students to participate in and help advance sustainability efforts on campus. The university also aims for every student to have access to sustainability education. “In fact, by 2030, it is anticipated that 30 per cent of students will have graduated across all disciplines with a sustainability certificate/minor,” explained the spokesperson.

Similarly, UTM aims for the number of faculty self-identifying as leaders in sustainability to increase by 25 per cent.

Students may get involved by engaging with UTM’s Sustainable Change Programs—which features checklists and goals to practice sustainability on campus.

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Learning about global sustainability at UTM The Certificate of Completion in Global Sustainability offers students the opportunity to learn about sustainability theories, develop analytical and thinking skills, and prepare themselves for employment opportunities.

Yusuf Larizza-Ali Contributor

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limate change poses a significant threat to the planet and humanity. As a result, there is a growing interest in more sustainable ways of living. At the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM), there is a not-for-credit certificate available for those interested in learning more about sustainability, named the Certificate of Completion in Global Sustainability. The certificate focuses on topics relating to Earth’s and subsequently, humankind’s well-being as delineated by the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

In an email interview with The Medium, a spokesperson for UTM states that the required modules of Sustainable Consumption, Systems Thinking for Global Sustainability, and Interdisciplinary Perspectives of Global Sustainability offer foundational knowledge regarding global sustainability. “The choice of elective modules depends on the interests and background of individuals.” They also explained that the three main objectives of the Certificate of Completion in Global Sustainability are to “provide an intellectual and practical understanding of the holistic nature of global sustainability to transform the student’s ability to engage in systems and integrative thinking; develop applied and managerial skills to address real-life sustainability issues; [and] enhance employability for summer and full-time roles.”

but did not successfully complete the requirements of the module will not get credit for that module. However, they can register for other modules,” explained the spokesperson. Student responses to the certificate have been reportedly positive.

The rising importance of sustainability means that policies relating to it have appeared and will be appearing more often in schools and the workplace. “Net-Zero Emissions/Carbon Neutrality and Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) are the two most common policies among all types of organizations that have brought sustainability to the forefront. A large majority of organizations are developing their net-zero [greenhouse gas] emissions targets and plans to achieve those targets, and many organizations are focusing on incorporating EDI in their policies and practices,” explained the spokesperson.

Since sustainability is a great challenge to humankind, it is essential for newer generations to gain a greater awareness of sustainable practices. Students interested in the certificate may reach out to Professor Shashi Kant, director of the Master of Science in Sustainability Management (MScSM) program through email: shashi.kant@utoronto.ca.

Utilizing real-life scenarios, the certificate prepares students to analyze issues through interdisciplinary and holistic thinking. Required modules focus on basic theory and analysis, while elective modules may dive deeper into specific issues—such as carbon accounting and waste management.

Any UTM undergraduate student who has completed four credits can complete the certificate. There are no additional fees for active UTM students. Students must complete three required modules and three elective modules to achieve the certificate. There are four modules offered in the fall 2023 term and in the winter 2024 term. Of the four modules, there will be one required module and three elective choices offered. “The required modules are not prerequisites for registering in elective modules. A student who registered for a module

ILLUSTRATION BY BEATRIZ SIMAS/THE MEDIUM

Navigating the future of climate action post-COP27 The upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference highlights the importance of collective efforts and commitment to combatting climate change.

Makayla Kelly Contributor

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he Earth is running a fever that will not break on its own, and how countries deal with this fact means everything. This harsh reminder sets the tone for the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Following the ambitious pledges made at COP27, the COP28 is scheduled from November 30 to December 12, 2023, and will be a crucial opportunity to assess the global movement toward a sustainable future.

countries, known for their significant global influence, to “lead the way” on climate action.

This call to leadership is a crucial one, pressing influential countries to not only ramp up their efforts, but to also serve as trailblazers in implementing innovative and impactful environmental initiatives.

COP28 will focus on global collaboration, financial integrity, and balancing economic and environmental sustainability, as outlined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - COP28. With the conference on the horizon, the international community turns its attention to Dubai, where an opportunity to make significant strides in the global climate action narrative will arise. The decisions and commitments made at COP28 will play a crucial role in shaping our path toward a sustainable future.

Around this time last year, world leaders and representatives converged in Sharm ElSheikh, Egypt, for the COP27 conference, where they established a series of goals aimed at tackling climate change. According to a detailed report by BBC News, these objectives included a significant reduction in carbon emissions and a heightened focus on climate adaptation measures, particularly for communities most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This meeting laid a critical foundation for potential transformational changes, setting the stage for future action in the global effort to address the growing challenges posed by climate change.

A key takeaway from COP27, as stated by the United Nations, was that “climate pledges aren’t worth the paper they’re written on if they aren’t taken off the page and turned into concrete action.” Since COP27, however, the collective global effort still falls short of maintaining the essential 1.5°C warming limit target.

In the tech world, major corporations like Apple have committed to carbon neutrality goals, indicating a shift toward sustainability. This movement towards corporate responsibility is a positive step, yet it is shadowed by ongoing global challenges. The world continues to face escalating temperatures, rising food insecurity, and a loss of biodiversity. These ongoing issues underscore the complexity of the climate crisis and the need for continued, collective efforts across all sectors of society.

This year’s conference emphasizes that G20 countries need to intensify their efforts in the global fight against climate change. The President-Designate of COP28 is challenging these

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Carbon tax exemption for home heating oil comes under fire

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A newly introduced exemption for home heating oil has reignited previous debates about the carbon tax, leading to political discourse whether it divides the Canadian population.

Larry Lau News Editor

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o most Canadians, the term “carbon tax” is something quite familiar. The two words constantly find their way onto the centre stage of discourse and, most recently, an exemption aimed toward home heating oil has led to heated debates in the country. Between November 9, 2023, and March 31, 2027, registered distributors can distribute heating oil that is exempt from the fuel charge—under the conditions that it is for home heating and not industrial use. No exemption certificate is needed.

A brief introduction to the carbon tax: first introduced in 2019, the Government of Canada’s carbon pollution pricing system emerged as an initiative to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The system introduced a new reporting regulation for the environmental leg of the Environmental, Social, and Governance. When it comes to pricing carbon, the federal system contains two parts: the fuel charge—levied at different rates across various fossil fuels—and, for industries, the amount determined by the Output-Based Pricing System. Some provinces use the federal system (fully or partially), while others use their own.

Adjustments have been made to the system since its inception, but the exemption to carbon pricing for home heating oil has garnered significant discourse. The exemption applies to all of Canada, but mainly benefits residents of Atlantic Canada, where a higher proportion of households use heating oil compared to other parts of the country. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau contended that this was to ease the burden of switching off fossil fuel heating to cleaner alternatives for Atlantic Canadians.

However, the exemption is controversial. Pierre Poilievre, leader of the Conservative Party, argues that the exemption segregates the Canadian population into those who use home heating oil and those who do not. As mentioned previously, provinces in Atlantic Canada gain more from the exemption than other provinces, with some prairie provinces receiving no benefit due to the lack of home heating oil usage.

Poilievre had pushed for the exemption to apply to all home heating methods, aiming for an eventual abolishment of the carbon tax. However, the motion to extend the exemption was struck down on November 6. Debates on the carbon tax and its exemption continue, and politicians remain divided on their stances.

As part of the initiative, fuel charge proceeds are distributed through Climate Incentive Action Payments (alongside supplements for rural or small communities) to eligible individuals living in provinces that follow the federal system. Similarly, the Fuel Charge Proceeds Return Program offers payments to small and medium-sized enterprises that are eligible, and the remaining proceeds from the fuel charge are distributed to various groups through government initiatives. Ultimately, the intended effect of the carbon pollution pricing system is for individuals and organizations to choose green alternatives in their daily lives or operations.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

Shaping the future of sustainability through the world of education Dr. Sarah Cherki El Idrissi on the transformative impact of sustainability education.

Karine Alhakim Associate News Editor

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n an era where sustainability is more than just a buzzword, the insights of experts like Dr. Sarah Cherki El Idrissi are invaluable.

As an assistant professor at the University of Toronto Mississauga’s (UTM) Institute of Communication, Culture, Information and Technology, her work in the realms of responsible innovation, green information technology, and sustainability education is pioneering a new path in the academic and corporate worlds.

Discussing the evolution of sustainability in academia, Dr. El Idrissi emphasized the journey from skepticism to acceptance. She remarked, “Initially, society in general was not accepting that sustainable development was a real need, it was more seen as a luxury.”

This recognition marks a critical shift in the academic world, leading to a more focused and comprehensive approach to sustainability.

She further highlighted the impact of the 1987 Brundtland Report, noting its foun-

dational role in defining sustainability. “For the first time ever, we actually agreed on one definition of sustainability: [...] that development should meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This shift in perception, as Dr. El Idrissi notes, was pivotal in fostering an academic environment conducive to sustainability-focused research and education.

In her field, Dr. El Idrissi has observed a significant increase in research and discourse around green information systems, noting the evolution from an environmental focus to a more holistic approach where economic and social aspects are included.

“Green information systems […] attract the attention of organizations to sustainability because they enable less energy consumption. [...] We are looking at the environment and economic sustainability,” she explained.

This multidimensional approach underscores the complexity and interconnectedness of sustainability challenges in the modern world.

Dr. El Idrissi is at the forefront of integrating real-world sustainability challenges into

her curriculum. She believes in empowering students to become agents of change, stating, “We are engaging the students [...] to become change agents [...] but this is not happening everywhere.” This approach is crucial for preparing future professionals to tackle sustainability issues effectively and innovatively.

Dr. El Idrissi identified individual motivation and organizational culture as key factors in implementing sustainability strategies. “A big impact or a big change factor is the person itself [...] if the individual has these high values and motivation to implement sustainability,” she noted, emphasizing the power of individual action in driving organizational change. This insight underscores the need for a shift in corporate values and practices to truly embrace sustainability.

Looking toward the future, Dr. El Idrissi expressed optimism about the increasing integration of sustainability in both education and corporate practice. She noted a growing interest in sustainability across university departments and conferences, indicating a shift towards a more sustainable future. She observed, “I see a positive trend [...] [where]

more and more universities are incorporating sustainability into their programs.”

However, she also highlighted the challenges, particularly in corporate settings, where companies’ sustainability efforts tend to be limited.

This year at UTM, Dr. El Idrissi is leading a Research Opportunity Program (CCT399) revolving around sustainability education in the business and technology field. This program is a beacon of interdisciplinary learning, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in sustainability. It offers students a unique chance to delve into research that intersects business acumen with technological innovation, all through the lens of sustainability.

Dr. El Idrissi’s insights shed light on the dynamic nature of sustainability education and its critical role in shaping future leaders and business practices. Her emphasis on multidimensional approaches, real-world application, and the importance of individual action provides a roadmap for navigating the complex landscape of sustainability in the modern world.

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OPINION

Editor | Kareena Kailass opinion@themedium.ca

An apology River Knott Editor-in-chief

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few weeks ago, The Medium’s Managing Editors and Editor-in-Chief released a statement in which we described our thought processes when creating policies surrounding the production of safe, ethical war coverage. This statement was released as a response to the many questions that The Medium received from the student body, about how we would be reporting on the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

As the Editor-in-Chief, I would like to issue a formal apology to all of our team members who have been impacted by our error over the past few weeks. Know that your opinions are deeply valued and are not to be swept under the rug ever again. Without such a talented, hard-working team, The Medium’s weekly publications would not be possible. To publish such a sensitive statement without first consulting our team was inexcusable.

In the weeks following the release of this statement, it has become clear that a critical mistake was made when crediting the statement; the article was attributed to “The Medium” rather than “The Medium’s Management Team.” By publishing this statement under “The Medium” we insinuated that all members of The Medium agreed with the statement before it was accepted for publishing. This was not the case, as we did not receive consent or approval from all members of our team prior to publication.

Moving forward, no statement of any kind will have “The Medium” listed as its author unless our entire Masthead has first provided us with their consent to do so.

-River Knott, Editor-in-Chief

Engaging in open and honest communication with those whose opinions differ from our own is paramount to reputable, high-quality reporting. In failing to accurately cite our statement, The Medium’s management team and Editor-in-Chief have failed to accurately represent the voices of our team.

With great educational power comes great environmental responsibility When our time comes to leave this world, let us leave it better than we found it.

River Knott Editor-in-Chief Throughout our lives, starting in elementary school, Millennials and Gen Z-ers have been perpetually spoon-fed the bitter news that the world is falling apart. As children, we sat quietly on carpets, staring up at projector screens displaying a world on fire, while our teachers informed us that soon, this broken world would be our burden to bear.

This ideology has followed us as we’ve grown older, though the responsibility we have inherited to save the planet has only become more daunting as the problem of global warming has continued to expand.

We teenagers and twenty-somethings don’t make up the population of wealthy oil tycoons, private flyers, gas guzzlers, clear-cutters, and Fortune 500 companies that comprise the primary sources of the Earth’s environmental deterioration. As a result, we may begin to feel that we have no power to make a change, no matter how much we compost or how many times we opt to bike to class rather than drive.

We’re right to be frustrated at our lack of power to ignite change, though our passive state isn’t permanent. As we gain experience and education, we gain power, authority, and agency. As the next few decades roll on, it’ll finally be our time to determine how the Earth ought to be cared for. Perhaps our upbringing, characterized by the environmental crises of the 21st century, will prevent us from slipping into the same poor environmental habits that our parents and grandparents fell into.

Let us learn from their mistakes and consider the long-term effects of our choices. If we are successful, hopefully, our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren after that won’t have to stare up, fearfully, at the same burning world that we did.

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Shopping locally is important for the environment Here’s why you should shop small this holiday season.

Hannah Grace Wang Staff Writer

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ith the holiday season approaching, it’s not too early to begin thinking about giftgiving. Finding the perfect gift for our friends and family can be challenging, but it doesn’t have to be! You can shop sustainably, gift mindfully, and find thoughtful gifts for your loved ones—all by shopping from your local small businesses.

Shopping locally supports your local economy and eliminates greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. While there are eco-friendly shipping options out there (if you must, then choose the one with the lowest carbon footprint), shopping locally still beats shipping a package halfway across the world. Of course, there might be that special something you just can’t get anywhere else, but where it’s possible, I encourage you to shop from your local small businesses this holiday season. When you shop from small businesses, you also get to support someone’s livelihood while gifting a thoughtful present. Whether that’s buying a handmade bag from your neighbour, picking up a gift card from your local bookstore, or choosing sustainably produced candles, shopping small is better for the environment.

It’s even better to shop from small businesses that are eco-conscious. While it’s impossible for a small business—and all businesses, really— to create zero waste, businesses can still choose more sustainable materials and supplies whenever possible, such as opting for recycled paper mailers or using honeycomb packing paper instead of plastic bubble wrap.

markets are a great place to start gift-searching. You can do all your shopping at once and support your local economy. Local markets are a great place to find unique gifts for the people you care about. Plus, you can chat with the maker of the gift you buy. In a world where shopping is often solely transactional, it’s nice to meet the person who made the product you’re buying. Pro tip: look up different vendors’ Instagram pages and see what kind of products they offer and the price range, so you can be prepared with some items to look for and a budget to work with!

Many small businesses specialize in creating unique products that stand out. Instead of purchasing a mass-produced candle for a friend, why not buy a local handmade one instead?

By choosing to shop from local small businesses, you’re supporting your local artisans and entrepreneurs and shopping in a way that minimizes the carbon footprint at the same time.

Not only are you investing in a truly special gift for your loved ones, but you’re also supporting your local economy. If you’re going to be shopping this holiday season, then you might as well shop small. It’s better for the environment, after all.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

Shopping in-person also encourages you to shop more mindfully. Instead of just adding another item to a cart and hitting checkout, you’ll be able to really think about who you’re gifting the item to and whether it’s something that they’ll find meaningful. You also won’t have to worry about any potential differences in colour, texture, and size when you shop in person.

ILLUSTRATION BY AURORA PICCIOTTOLI/THE MEDIUM

Shopping small and sustainably doesn’t have to be difficult or expensive either. Holiday

Stars, my solace; now, a polluted sky Light pollution is taking away the beauty of nature.

Samira Karimova Photos Editor

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n moments of anxiety, my peace lies beneath the twinkling stars. It’s a ritual—a quiet escape—to cradle a cup of tea in my hands and settle onto the patio, where tiny radiant gems fill the night sky’s canvas. Those little stars tell stories of why I’m here, my dreams, and what truly is meaningful. It’s like a comforting blanket, making everything else fade away for a while.

But today, as I look up, the night sky is excessively bright, overpowered by the glow of artificial light. It’s no longer serene. Now, it’s just a polluted space. The stars, those little stories in the sky, struggle to shine through the bright city lights. The beautiful night I loved is fading, taken over by a kind of light that steals its charm. It makes me long for the quiet joy of looking up at the stars, now spoiled by too much shine.

Beyond its impact on aesthetics, light pollution, characterized by “unwanted or excessive artificial light,” according to Britannica, is raising concerns due to its alarming effects on both animal behaviour and human health. This issue arises from factors such as the widespread use of technology and “skyglow”—upward-directed light that’s dispersed and reflected from the atmosphere.

Light pollution is disrupting the natural behaviours of animals, affecting activities such as mating, foraging, and migration patterns. Assuming we’re all sea turtle fans (and who wouldn’t be? They’re simply adorable), it’s quite disturbing to see the threat that light pollution poses to these creatures. City lights along coasts confuse sea turtle hatchlings, disrupting their natural navigation guided by moonlight and star reflections on the water. It’s no different from setting up a neon sign that says, “Wrong Way!” on a correct path for travelers. On

the other hand, birds, bats, and insects struggle to find food and shelter, while the constant glow can isolate populations and harm biodiversity. The urban environment, with its bright lights, is becoming a challenging space for animals trying to live alongside us.

But what about us? How does light pollution affect humans?

Our sleep patterns, visual abilities, and mental wellness are all affected by these excessive artificial lights. Constant exposure to artificial light at night disrupts our natural circadian rhythms, leading to insomnia, fatigue, an increased risk of chronic conditions, and mental illnesses. Furthermore, intense streetlights and light pollution contribute to visual discomfort, compromising the safety of nighttime driving.

The night sky, once a dazzling spectacle of stars, is fading as artificial lights disturb the celestial dance. Simple actions, like using shielded outdoor lights and advocating for responsible lighting, can help restore the serene beauty of the night sky while preserving our wellbeing and that of the creatures with whom we share the night.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

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From Cruelty to Compassion: Navigating the effects of Canada’s cosmetic animal testing ban Canada has finally banned cosmetic animal testing. What does this recent legislation mean for consumers?

Angelina Jaya Siew Staff Writer

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anada has joined 43 other countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, India, and countries in the European Union in banning cosmetic testing on animals. Health Canada made the announcement on June 27, 2023, through the Honorable Minister of Health Jean-Yves Duclos. The Food and Drugs Act was amended with the passing of Bill C-47 Budget Implementation Act 2023, No. 1 with royal assent granted on June 22, which now paves the way for full implementation of the ban on December 22, 2023. It’s a legislative victory for the animals that represents several years of collaborative work between legislators and the cosmetics industry, after the failure of the first private member’s bill seeking the ban in 2015. The legislation, however, is not retroactive, and the ban applies only to new products coming to market.

Although the practice is decreasing and rarely used in Canada, The Humane Society estimates that more than 50 million animals die from testing annually in the United States in the name of beauty products. It is also reported by The Humane Society that rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, and rats are subjected to skin and eye irritation tests and force-fed chemicals to determine lethal dosages. Regardless of the method used, it results in the death of the animal either through asphyxiation, neck-breaking, or decapitation. This is indeed cruel and inhumane, and the practice needed to come to an end.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

Since the law is not retroactive, this means that hundreds of products that were tested on animals will still be on the shelves, and it will be up to the consumer to make the final choice.

It’s impossible to remove the existing animal-tested products from the system all at once, as it will have a detrimental impact on the environment. Harmful chemicals in makeup, such as leachate, can get into water sources and harm wildlife. On top of this, product packaging and a host of other chemicals in the products take a long time to decompose, all posing great danger.

Additionally, it makes little sense to retest the products just to deem them cruelty-free, as they have been on the market in some instances for decades and are already deemed safe by human use and the passage of time. The best option, as decided by Health Canada, is to move forward and discontinue the practice completely. However, manufacturers should consider retesting their existing products using new animal-free methods, have them certified as cruelty-free, and remove any ambiguity in the minds of consumers.

Cruelty aside, there are many reasons why the practice must be and can be stopped as several alternatives to animal testing have been developed. According to Biobide, zebrafish larvae for in vitro testing, human volunteers , and computer modelling can all be used. New and innovative methods are being developed, so there is no longer the need to test on animals.

We can all play a part in stopping the use of animal testing for cosmetic products. Start by purchasing cruelty-free products and reducing demand for those tested on animals, thereby forcing those companies to stop unethical manufacturing. Try using the Leaping Bunny app— it tells you safe brands that are available and helps you to engage in “compassionate” shopping, designating approved brands with the Leaping Bunny logo. The manufacturers will get the message. Many consumers are uninformed and unaware, so share the information with friends and family. You can also donate to organizations that are actively working to stop the practice worldwide. Cruelty-Free Kitty is also a great resource that identifies over 700 products deemed cruelty-free and lists 268 popular brands to avoid. The People for Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA, also has a searchable database that will guide you to cruelty-free companies.

Information is at our fingertips and there is no reason why we should let the practice of animal testing continue.

Let’s join Health Canada and impose a personal ban on all animal-tested products, not only on cosmetics but on all items we purchase for daily use, such as soap and household cleaners in our homes

The list of companies reportedly still testing on animals may surprise you. Popular brands that we use daily including shampoos, eye products, face products, fragrances, and general body care are all on the list. Not to Die for Us lists 35 brands, which include alleged perpetrators such as Bath and Body Works, MAC, Estée Lauder, Aveeno, Clinique, Olay, Pantene, and Johnson & Johnson. Although many of these brands claim to be cruelty-free, they are affiliated with the manufacturing, marketing, and/or sourcing of raw materials from China. China is now slowly relaxing regulations because of international pressure, but it used to require the animal testing of all cosmetics.

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Thrifting trends: Sustainable fashion, but at what expense?

Thrifting helps impede climate change, providing cheaper and more sustainable options for the community.

Jannine Uy Contributor

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ith climate change and the environmental impacts of fast fashion exacerbating the crisis, thrifting can be an environmentally friendly alternative. Thrifting provides many ecological advantages. For instance, donations allow items to be reused, thereby reducing the volume of discarded clothing in landfills. This eco-friendly form of shopping also reduces chemical and carbon pollution by cutting back on the energy employed in the production and shipping process.

The approach of thrifting can be traced as far back as the 19th century, when nonprofit organizations sold second-hand clothing in exchange for donations. However, it wasn’t until the Great Depression that more people turned to thrift stores for clothing and household items during this period of financial stress.

Recently, I started noticing the concept of thrifting gaining more attention on social media, specifically TikTok. With the resurfacing of fashion trends such as vintage and

Y2K, many of my friends started thrifting to find rare pieces for much cheaper than their original retail value. Because of this, I felt as though thrifting became more of a hobby for people with money, time, and privilege, with less emphasis on its sustainability and, most importantly, its role as a resource for lowincome families.

A 2023 report by thredUP, an online consignment and thrift store, revealed that 83 per cent of Gen-Zers have purchased, or are open to purchasing, second-hand clothing—further driving the industry’s growth online by 58 per cent. With this growth in the thrifting industry, it is inevitable for businesses to hike prices upon seeing a consistent upsurge in sales, jeopardizing low-income families’ access to essential items, such as clothing. As much as we love finding rare designer items or retro clothing in our local thrift stores, low-income families don’t have this luxury and should not have to struggle at the expense of our actions.

Prices are not the only problem that’s rising out of this latest trend. Thrift stores have also seen an influx of consumers and an increase in patrons who are willing to donate used items. One might believe this to be confusing and contradictory to the envi-

ronmental sustainability of thrifting: aren’t donations encouraged? Yes, but in the words of Isabella Grullón Paz for The New York Times, “[…] more choices do not necessarily mean higher quality.” Paz further states that thrift stores, such as thredUP, receive donations from fast fashion companies.

Thrifting items can only uphold their ecological benefit if the pieces can be worn and reused long-term . Yet, most fast fashion clothing is made from synthetic fabric fibres, which stem from fossil fuels. Thus, they often don’t last longer than maybe a few washes in the washing machine, accelerating the climate crisis with fossil fuel expulsions and even harming aquatic animals with the release of synthetic fibre fragments into water systems.

This isn’t to say that we should stop thrifting entirely, because nothing in this world is black or white. It’s crucial to reflect on the ways in which people can exercise their socio-economic privilege. If you have the financial means to afford more expensive items, I highly recommend researching clothing companies that integrate environmentally friendly practices into their production processes. In doing so, environmental stewardship continues to be maintained

while providing those with lower incomes with access to essential needs.

Thrifting became trendy for the wrong reasons. Rather than gaining popularity among shoppers to find stylish vintage pieces, the emphasis should have been on its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Unfortunately, we live in a world that praises excess and distorts it to make us believe that we are shifting towards a culture of mindful consumption but has us hoarding cheap and trendy items. Indeed, thrifting provides its ecological benefits, but shouldn’t be done at the expense of marginalized families. Learn to thrift smarter, not harder.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

Paper straws are here to save the day! Or are they…?

Plastic alternatives aren’t necessarily better for us or the environment.

Vanessa Bogacki Contributor

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s caffeine-running university students, we’ve all had the experience where we pick up our morning iced coffee, excited that it will get us through the day—that’s until we receive the paper straw. Following Canada’s ban on single-use plastics, businesses have transitioned to using paper straws as a way to help the environment, specifically aiding crustaceans in the ocean, as they suffer some of the biggest impacts. Even though the fight to stop pollution in our oceans is an ongoing battle, researchers have discovered that the use of paper straws is a small but impactful decision—once they reach the ocean, the straws will eventually dissolve, causing no harm to any animal.

Yay! We fixed the problem! Go society!

Hold on everyone, not so fast…

Even though it is great that we are helping the ocean and animals within it to survive,

has anyone actually further researched the impacts of paper straws? I mean, besides the well-known fact that it makes our iced drinks frustrating to consume, having the soggy straw melt in our drink before we even hit the halfway mark of our beverage.

A soggy drinking experience isn’t the only downside to using paper straws. According to a BBC article, researchers from the University of Antwerp in Belgium found that there are “forever chemicals” within paper straws: chemicals that enter our bodies when the straw is used to consume cold drinks.

Forever chemicals are compounds that contain polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are harmful toxins if consumed. These chemicals are found to stay in the environment for years. PFAS can even pollute water supplies, resulting in health complications for consumers. Not only do paper straws pose harmful effects from PFAS, but bamboo straws do too—two of the most popular eco-friendly straw alternatives to plastic.

This has alarmed people worldwide, as most of us consume our drinks using these types

of straws to save the environment. Instead, we may be causing more harm to ourselves.

The well-known fact that people hate paper straws is that they become soft before we have fully consumed our beverage. This causes frustration as many may feel hurried to finish their drink. This causes you to become parched quickly as you must beat the imaginary paper straw clock to enjoy your drink.

Overall, this article does not support the comeback of plastic straws. I do realize the harm they cause to the environment and how they harm oceanic wildlife. However, paper or bamboo straws also cause harmful chemicals that enter our bodies and water systems.

So, what is a possible solution? We can either avoid having to use a straw by using sippy cup lids, which are provided in several fast-food chains, or we can turn to reusable metal straws, which now come in different colours, sizes, and shapes. Even though producing metal straws generates more carbon

emissions than plastic straws, their lifetime is significantly increased. One study found that within five years, only three per cent of metal straws were disposed of—whereas plastic straws had a 100 per cent disposal rate. This can result in plastic straw production being shut down as a whole, which not only benefits our bodies but also our environment.

PHOTO BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA/ THE MEDIUM

09

features

Editor | Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady features@themedium.ca

Engineered tissues: Increasing efficiency in healthcare and drug development Professor Alison McGuigan sheds light on how engineered tissue can facilitate drug development.

Prisha (Maneka) Nuckchady Features Editor

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anada’s population is an aging one. With 14 per cent of the population being older than 65 in 2016, it’s expected that this number will increase to 22.5 per cent by 2030. That’s good news for us, right? Well, while that can be good, it’s still important to account for the fact that this may disproportionately affect our healthcare system.

Professor Alison McGuigan from the University of Toronto discussed her work on artificial tissues during the Department of Engineering’s Skule Lunch & Learn event on November 8, 2023. Currently, cross-appointed by the Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Professor McGuigan’s research focuses on regenerative medicine. More specifically, she focuses on developing advances in health technologies that can help regenerate damaged or diseased tissues.

“What really is one of the key problems that motivates us is that the Canadian population is aging,” Professor McGuigan explained, “it’s already producing healthcare expenditures that are becoming quite unmanageable.” This is because drug development is inevitably expensive given the process is usually very long and complex, spanning more than 10 to 12 years at a minimum.

As scientists identify a compound that they believe could have therapeutic effects, they experiment with it to test whether it could help halt the progression of a disease or improve its symptoms. But it doesn’t end here. The compound must then be tested for side effects, usually through animal models. Clinical trials are then put in place to ensure the product is safe for human beings. Chances are, however, that some side effects will be noted. Along the way then, some compounds don’t reach the market, raising the costs of drug development. “So, this 1.7 billion is for one drug. But when you take account of the drugs that don’t actually make it to market, it’s more like 10 billion to develop one drug,” elaborated Professor McGuigan.

Towards the end of the process, she noted, the next two phases examine the drug’s efficacy.

This can involve the use of animal models as well as chemical experiments. The latter are usually simple systems in plastic dishes, in which they can grow cells in 2D. This is beneficial because scientists can work to optimize their chemistry.

“We need all these steps to make sure that we’re developing a compound that is effective and safe. We can’t really take out any of these steps,” explained Professor McGuigan.

However, she acknowledged that the process can still feel inefficient, and consequently, overly expensive. Professor McGuigan shared that the models used are not usually accurately predictive of what would happen in humans. Had they known what would cause the drug to fail in earlier stages, predictions would be more accurate and money and time could be saved.

“The reason is that cells are kind of like people. They care what environment they’re in and who their neighbours are.” For example, McGuigan noted that we don’t behave the same in the office versus the nightclub. “When you take a cell out of one environment and put it in another, it’s going to behave in a very different way. And that is a problem with these models because tissues are not 2D plastic surfaces where the cells really are only connecting in one dimension.”

That said, models using 2D plastic dishes are advantageous because they’re easy to analyze.

As such, Professor McGuigan explained that about 10 years ago, her lab started to think about this problem in detail. They started considering ways to design a tissue for drug testing, bal-

ancing biological complexities with ease of analyzability. “The goal of my lab is to be smart about how we engineer these tissues,” noted Professor McGuigan. “The general principle is that you have a patient, and you take some kind of sample material, so that might be a tumour cell or fibroblasts from the skin, that you can reprogram with certain protocols to make it into an induced pluripotent stem cell,” she elaborated. By amplifying certain protocols, they can create more tissues such that their texture resembles cells in the human body. Once the tissue is assembled, they can examine its behaviour with the goal of using it in healthcare settings.

One of the most profitable applications of these systems is in predicting drug toxicity, like cardiac, liver, and kidney toxicity. But Professor McGuigan noted that it may also prove useful when considering environmental toxins. “In thinking about environmental toxins, as we generate lots and lots of new materials, we don’t know how toxic they are, we don’t know how they are going to impact human health. So, you know, these systems could give us some clues.”

These tools also help identify new drug targets and their therapeutic effect. It may even help compare two drugs to see which one a patient is more likely to respond positively to. In the future, these innovative models may also help understand the risks of developing a certain disease and predict disease progression.

In her lab, Professor McGuigan has focused on cancer tissues, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. Cancer, she argues, tends to best exemplify the strength of the engineered tissues. For example, they explore biomarkers. “It’s really maybe a pattern of genes or some kind of feature of the tumour that predicts how the disease will progress,” shared Professor McGuigan.

Cancer constitutes 25 per cent of yearly deaths in Canada, emphasizing the clinical need to explore the disease.

As such, she stresses that there seems to be a significant need for such systems using engineered tissues. The hope is that the clinical data gathered will be more predictive. With this reduced failure, the drug development process and the healthcare system altogether could become more efficient. “I think that these tissue models really have the potential to accelerate drug discovery [….] The goal, really of all this, is to try to develop and deliver the right drugs, the good drugs that are effective to people that will benefit from them and to make the healthcare system much more efficient,” Professor McGuigan concluded.

“SKELETON MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY EDITED 2020” BY CHIMPWITHCAN IS LICENSED UNDER CC BY 2.0.

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Arts

Editor | Alisa Samuel arts@themedium.ca

IN THE LAND OF SORROW, A FUTURE TAKES FLIGHT Toqa Alshwatreh

We are the Earth Maryam Uddin

It is speculated by some that since the days of Adam and Eve, We are a special kind of art, a form of entity, created by clay and soil, But mankind is an ire creature infamous for self-sabotage because we spoil The mighty mountains that act as paperweights, the vast ocean, the trees, There are days where I am left to mourn the Earth’s decay alone—oh, I grieve, For the human race has won the directionless battle that it has with itself, Eradicating whole species as if they’re mistakes, polluting the seas that kiss the horizon, Consuming plastics, funding wars—but hey, maybe we rich ones can escape to Mars, We continue wiping out forests, Indigenous identities, pumping gas out of cars, Drilling crystal glaciers until the sun sets and we end up drowning—baby, we are poison But as I mourn the decaying homeland, this magnificent planet, I sow a seed, Pray its gentle roots weave with other ones in this ashy war-torn ground, Because I have a hope as mighty as these mountains, a hope that we have found A way to save ourselves—I’m aware I have the capability to bring the change we need Because while mankind’s poison trickles down the hills, seeps into the soil, The Earth lives within my soul, giving me the courage, I need to take the lead

it’s november Maryam Uddin

it’s november and if i close my eyes for long enough, i can smell the evergreen trees in the backyard of my childhood home, hear the rain trickle down towards the fallen leaves on the dirt. down by the river, a family of salmon travels downstream while a bear cub watches from afar and learns how to survive on fish. it’s november and if i close my eyes for long enough, i can return to the woods and mountains and ocean, admiring their beauty. but instead i sit in front of a screen and learn how to survive midterms.

Beneath the olive branches, a tale unfolds, Where hearts ache, and sorrow takes hold.

War’s cruel dance, oppression’s heavy hand, The earth weeps, as blood stains the ancient land.

Mountains tremble, witnessing the cries, In the night’s canvas, where hope never dies.

Sunsets paint the sky with hues of pain, Yet, in the ruins, resilience remains.

Rivers of tears flow to the boundless sea, A plea for freedom, echoing endlessly.

Injustice scorches, like the midday sun, But in the shadows, the fight has begun.

Amidst the chaos, a mother’s silent wail, Holding her lifeless child, a heartrending tale.

May justice rise with the morning light, In the land of sorrow, a future takes flight.

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Mama: A hidden horror gem The film offers audiences a meaningful yet unexpected takeaway on parental love.

Sabrina Garcia Contributor

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ama (2013), directed by Andy Muschietti, is a horror movie that, under the surface, speaks to parental love— specifically, its various expressions and difficulties. The film begins with Jeffrey Desange (Nikolaj CosterWaldau), a stockbroker who suffers a breakdown and goes on a killing spree. Years later, Victoria and Lily, Jeffrey’s children, end up being found in an abandoned house within the woods—without their father and in the grip of Mama, a supernatural spirit. The kids are then taken in by Jeffrey’s twin brother, Lucas (also Coster-Waldau), and his partner, Annabel (Jessica Chastain).

In the beginning, Annabel expresses a disinterest in parenthood. This disinterest stems from her inexperience and lack of self-confidence, though she tries to connect with Victoria and Lily while she cares for them. Her style of care involves a balance of authority with comfort, as she prioritizes their safety and well-being. Mama, however, latches onto the role of mother to the children.

The antagonistic character of Mama is not inherently evil as her jump scares suggest. After the tragic events that led to her death, she eternally longs to care for Lily and Victoria once she finds them. She doesn’t realize her style of care is possessive. Though she provides the girls with resources to sustain them and actively plays with them, Mama is serving a need of her own. If provoked, her possessiveness can turn into a jealous rage.

In the end, Annabel takes the initiative to protect Victoria and Lily while Mama lets go of her past and jealousy.

Both mothers are at different stages of parenthood, yet they learn the importance of evolving their care styles to prioritize the well-being of their children over their own beliefs and insecurities.

Mama herself is a horrific entity, but also refreshing through the way the story humanizes her. Her distorted form is both ethereal and disturbing. Ethereal in the sense that her image has a languid and gentle nature to it, akin to water. She presents a certain calmness. This isn’t to say she never moves sporadically. When jealous or angry, Mama moves quickly, like ghosts typically do in horror films. She creeps inside the house, shows up in the background, and is obscured by elements in a room. Her face and stature are distorted, making her repulsive and rather uncanny to look at.

The film is conscientious of Mama’s portrayal. Its aim isn’t to depict her as a monstrosity, like a demon, but rather a once-human spirit indented with motherly love. At the same time, however, negative emotions distort her image and she is evasive, using her form as a spirit to stay close to the girls and carry out actions fueled by her anger.

There exist films like Mama that take great care to portray topical messages through their story, imagery, symbolism, and character arcs. When relying on majority opinions and tastes, we confine our range of art consumption solely to one kind of source and seldom focus on our own voice. Although it may be a gamble for quality when going in, there remain gems within the heaps of dull rocks of entertainment.

The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Wohlleben: A review This book is a must-read for those seeking to deepen their connection with nature and to learn more about the environment that lives alongside us.

Zainab Khalil Contributor

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rees seem to be living beings just standing in one place and producing oxygen. What if I tell you that trees do more than that? According to German forester and conservationist Peter Wohlleben’s 2015 book titled The Hidden Life of Trees, trees have a secret life—a way of functioning that isn’t obvious to humans.

The book talks about how trees communicate with one another and connect to other species. It was initially written in German and translated into English after widespread success in Europe.

To effectively communicate about trees, the book is separated into 36 chapters, each diving into a different topic on the hidden life of trees. The chapters, paired with Wohlleben’s prose, create an informative read and make the book easily accessible. The author weaves together scientific research and personal ideas to tell an uncommon story about trees and their profound connections to the ecosystems surrounding them, including that of human life. His approach also discusses the perception of trees, advocates for preservation, and emphasizes their presence in our communities.

Wohlleben uses various stylistic techniques throughout the book, mostly personification, to help ground our understanding of trees as intelligent beings. He also writes from an observer’s perspective, like a narrator guiding readers through the complexities of tree life, creating an enchanting

reading experience.

There are two versions of the book. I was lucky to get my hands on the illustrated version, which made reading this book even more captivating. Beautiful photography of trees and nature between the words highlighted the points and showcased the beauty of surrounding ecosystems.

The book transformed my opinion about trees, as it advocates for their preservation and highlights the importance of trees in our diverse communities. They surround us everywhere we go, especially on the University of Toronto Mississauga campus, but we may often overlook them. I’ll glance at them and continue my walk to class. This book helped me start admiring the trees around me differently and appreciate them even more.

It seems like the mainstream public loves this book, too.

It has since amassed a four-star rating on Goodreads, with more than 70,000 ratings and 8,400 reviews. However, some scientists and other foresters on blogs criticize it for erring on the side of fiction.

In any case, through Wohlleben’s writing, light is shed on trees and their many aspects that often go overlooked. The Hidden Life of Trees is an exciting book about trees and a wake-up call to preserving them.

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Two casts, one Caeser: A review of Theatre Erindale’s Julius Caesar Students from the theatre & drama studies program at the University of Toronto Mississauga bring Julius Caesar to campus with phenomenal performances.

Avery McMillan Theatre Erindale Correspondent

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o thwart Caesar’s ambition, the senators conspire against her in an iconic and bloody betrayal. But that is not the end of William Shakespeare’s second Roman tragedy.

The first of Theatre Erindale’s 2023/24 studio productions features two distinct casts, performing two unique interpretations of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Opening night, I saw Cast A directed by Andrea Runge.

They alternate with Cast B directed by David Matheson. The program reads, “See both!

Compare and contrast!”

After a sold-out opening weekend, performances resume November 16¬–18, 2023 in the MiST Theatre.

For now, I can only comment on Cast A. The abundant parallels in their performance alone make the logic of staging two versions of the play clear. Back-to-back warnings from Portia (Jasmine Brough) to Brutus (Jacob Klick) and Calpurnia (Senzenina De Freitas) to Caesar (Maggie Tavares); the trio of Cassius (Zoe Saum), Casca (Molly Tice), and Brutus of the first half juxtaposed with Mark Antony (Madison Toma-Dame), Calpurnia, and Octavius (Jasmine Brough)

in the second; and the violence between the senators and amongst the Romans are far from the only examples.

Julius Caesar made successful use of the parameters of a studio production. The simplicity of the black box and drama blocks not only emphasized the performances, but the performances relayed a clear story to the audience. The ensemble’s strengths in embodying distinct characters and investment in the immediate action shone in the well-paced and dynamic production.

I most appreciated the clarity presented through minimalism. The reduction of design to only the integral elements supported an understanding of the play because they were identifiable. Passed notes carry imperceptible information in the play. The perceptible differences in paper made them trackable. Additionally, the colour-coded costuming made allegiances and doubling apparent.

Even without costume changes, each actor brought distinct characterization and awareness of their role in the narrative. Brough’s differentiation between Portia and Octavius stands out. As do Toma-Dame’s and Tavares’ treatment of their respective rhetoric. The attention to where political shifts occur made the plot easy to follow, an impressive task with the intricate multitudes of influences in the world of Julius Caesar.

The tragedy of the play lies in the takeaway that overconfidence obscures other possibilities. Fatally, the characters mostly can’t contend with this idea. However, the audience observing the action unfold may. Julius Caesar asks for the interrogation of strongly held beliefs, even at the expense of egos.

In Greek terms, hubris is an overarching hamartia that I would not apply to Caesar alone. Unfortunately, in the play, Casca cannot relay the information of a speech given in Greek: “For mine own part, it was Greek to me.” Language intended to be understood by select audiences is a political strategy employed by the characters of Julius Caesar. This is one moment of different characters making different meanings for the same events.

This hints at parallels to theatre audiences.

Julius Caesar is a tragedy. Unsurprisingly, then, characters die. The ensemble brings palpable urgency and grief to the tragedy unfolding. Furthermore, the contrasting effects of each ghost sequence are a highlight.

However, spoiler alert: if there is a blackout, a body is probably leaving the stage. In comparison to the intelligent use of space and strong transitions throughout, requiring no blackouts, these instances seem out of place in the production. This is my only point of critique, and I would consider it more of a humorous detail.

The brilliant staging, committed ensemble

performances, and sharp, forward-moving action meant a fantastic experience of the play overall. Putting the story and acting at the forefront, supported by minimal and specific production design, made me feel immersed as an audience member.

An unplanned fire-alarm-induced intermission interrupted Caesar’s funeral during the first performance. This added only a few minutes to the approximately two-hour runtime. Interestingly, at first, it seemed like part of the show. Are the flashing houselights inviting the audience to participate in the outrage onstage? The fire alarm made Caesar’s tragic misinterpretation of signs surprisingly more relatable.

The cast returned inside with the same, if not more, tenacity. Brutus telling the fire alarm to remain silent and a later sound effect reminiscent of the earlier alarm prompted laughter. Laughter was not out of place in this production. Casca and Caesar present notable comedic moments. Importantly, humour in Cast A’s Julius Caesar does not detract from the overall seriousness and commitment to sharing the emotions and stories of the text.

Overall, if this were my introduction to Shakespeare in performance, everything I saw afterward would mostly disappoint. I highly recommend Julius Caesar.

Learning to write about the environment and its issues Dr. John Currie on the craft of environmental writing in today’s world.

Alisa Samuel Arts & Entertainment Editor

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professor in the professional writing and communication program at the University of Toronto Mississauga, Dr. John Currie has been teaching WRI375: Climate Communication (formerly Writing about Environment and Ecology) since 2008.

The Medium spoke with Dr. Currie on the course and environmental writing at large.

The Medium: What can you tell us about WRI375: Climate Communication and how it came to be?

John Currie: When I studied journalism at [the University of British Columbia] a few years prior, I was the only one in my class interested in environmental reporting.

No courses existed. The beat was considered niche by media, impossible to do full-time.

So much has changed.

The course began as a nature writing course and has evolved into environmental journalism and now, by necessity, covers the difficult current atmosphere of division, delayism, doomism , greenwashing, as well as how people receive and act (or don’t act) on

climate information, politically and psychologically.

TM: What inspires you to teach the course?

JC: To hope, writes Rebecca Solnit in Not Too Late, is “to recognize that what is unlikely is possible, just as what is likely is not inevitable. To understand that difficult is not the same as impossible.” And I like how she points out that hope is not just optimism, because optimism or pessimism can lead to inaction. For Solnit, to hope is “to know that joy can appear in the midst of crisis, and that a crisis is a crossroads.” It means rolling up your sleeves.

TM: What can students expect to learn in this course? What are the benefits of taking it?

JC: To be a writer is to be an educator. My students’ task is to take difficult concepts from current scientific research and communicate them in a way readers can understand and relate to. It is not an easy thing to do, but it’s the kind of practice that is valuable to employers, and students leave with a portfolio of proof they’ve pushed themselves to take their writing to a higher level.

TM: What are some examples of the

coolest environmental writing pieces you’ve received from students through this course?

JC: The course is solutions-based. Last year, Alan Tran looked into gamification as a means of raising climate awareness. Emily Minasvand wrote a great series of pieces about mental health and climate change.

Jolene Milne wrote about urban green spaces and included an article about guerrilla gardening. Mariela Sol Torroba Hennigen, who has lived in Brazil, researched the state of the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after Jair Bolsonaro. She gave herself the opportunity to learn more about an environmental issue close to home that she had always wanted to explore.

TM: Why is writing a powerful tool when it comes to topics such as sustainability?

JC: We need to see that the world operates by stories we amass and stories we tell ourselves and others. The late Thomas Berry, a cultural historian, criticized our major institutions for repeatedly disorienting us by story, and that learning how the universe came to be can humble us before the great creativity of the more-than-human. The same creativity, says Berry, that plants used to develop photosynthesis and thrive, runs through us.

Our task is to learn to question dangerous,

outdated stories and their origins, while broadening an awareness of our role as humans as one species among many in these troubled times. It always comes down to story, and language is one of the most powerful modes of expression.

TM: What works of environmental writing would you recommend our readers read and why?

JC: Journalist Elizabeth Kolbert’s writing, for me, is the best of the best. There is other nonfiction I’d recommend by scientists, such as Michael Mann and Katharine Hayhoe.

The book Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer does interesting things with the form, entwining indigenous wisdom with scientific knowledge, told through stories of plants. In the course, we read Paul Hawken’s Regeneration.

DESIGN BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA USING PHOTOS BY SAMIRA KARIMOVA & JOHN CURRIE

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sports & health

Editor | Omar Khan sports@themedium.ca

Sowing seeds of change: The role of sustainable diets in our health and planet Looking past our dinner plates into sustainable diets and their ripple effect on global wellness and ecology.

Sukaina Rizvi Contributor

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n today’s rapidly changing world, our dietary choices play a crucial role in shaping our health and determining our planet’s future. Sustainable diets focus on consuming foods that are not only nutritious but are also produced in an environmentally friendly manner. By making mindful choices about what we eat, we can contribute to the well-being of our bodies and the Earth.

Emphasizing plant-based foods One of the critical components of a sustainable diet is incorporating plant-based foods into our meals. Vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains are rich in essential nutrients and have a lower environmental impact than animal-based products. Livestock farming significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water pollution. We can significantly lower our carbon footprint by reducing our meat consumption and opting for plantbased alternatives.

Choosing locally sourced and seasonal produce Opting for locally sourced and seasonal produce is another way to support sustainable diets. Locally grown foods require less transportation, reducing the carbon emissions associated with long-distance shipping. Additionally, seasonal foods are more likely to be abundant and require fewer resources to cultivate, making them eco-friendly. By supporting local farmers and markets, we contribute to the vitality of our communities while making environmentally conscious choices.

ILLUSTRATION BY AURORA

Minimizing food waste

PICCIOTTOLI/THE MEDIUM

Food waste is a significant issue globally, contributing to environmental degradation. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, approximately onethird of the food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted each year. To combat this problem, individuals can practice mindful eating habits, plan their meals, and store food properly to prevent spoilage. By minimizing food waste, we conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing waste, and help alleviate hunger in our communities.

Opting for sustainable seafood Choosing sustainably sourced options is crucial for those who include seafood in their diet.

The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization predicts that 90 per cent of marine fish are overfished. Overfishing and destructive fishing practices can deplete marine ecosystems and threaten aquatic species. By selecting seafood-certified options by organizations like the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) or the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), consumers can ensure that their choices support responsible fishing practices and the health of our oceans.

Supporting ethical and eco-friendly brands Many food brands are committed to sustainable and ethical practices in today’s market. Consumers can look for certifications such as Fair Trade, USDA Organic, or Non-GMO Project Verified when shopping. These certifications indicate that the products meet specific environmental and ethical standards. By supporting these brands, individuals contribute to a market demand for eco-friendly products and encourage more companies to adopt sustainable practices.

Embracing sustainable diets must be implemented into our lifestyles to safeguard our health and the environment. By choosing plant-based foods, supporting local farmers, minimizing food waste, opting for sustainable seafood, and backing ethical brands, we can positively impact our planet. These small, mindful choices collectively create a ripple effect, leading to healthier lives, thriving communities, and a greener Earth. Let us recognize the power of our plates and work together to create a sustainable future for generations to come.

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Formula 1’s evident struggles with racism Formula 1 is the most popular international motorsport, representing drivers of various racial backgrounds. However, instances of abhorrent racism still plague the sport.

Kuicmar Phot Staff Writer

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ormula 1 (F1) racing is the biggest car racing sport in the world and has expanded its Grand Prix races across several continents and countries, establishing itself as an international sport.

Despite the inclusion of non-European Grand Prix races and racially diverse drivers, the sport still struggles with cultural competency, inclusion, and the general treatment of drivers belonging to racial minority groups. F1 is viewed as a sport for the elite, due to its lack of diversity, nepotism, and inaccessibility to individuals who weren’t born into the families of millionaires and billionaires. The sport’s exclusivity has created a hostile environment toward non-White drivers.

Instances of racism have mostly occurred against seven-time World Champion—and the only Black F1 driver in history—Lewis Hamilton. Hamilton currently holds the record for the most World Championships, tied with Michael Schumacher, and the most Grand Prix wins in F1 history. Despite his immense skillset, his racial background has continued to spur discrimination and bigotry. A study was conducted from October to November of 2022 surrounding racist comments on social media posts about Hamilton. It was found that over 1000 of the 5500 racist comments used slurs such as the n-word and other forms of historically anti-Black language. Around five per cent of these racist comments included serious threats of violence.

In March 2023, former Brazilian F1 World Champion Nelson Piquet was fined for the use of malicious homophobic and racist language against Hamilton in an interview in November 2021.

The charges were pressed by various Brazilian human rights groups, resulting in Piquet paying a $5 Million Brazilian Reals ($1,387,862.39 CAD) fine and receiving a formal ban from the Formula 1 paddock. Three-time World Champion Max Verstappen—who is also Piquet’s daughter’s boyfriend—defended Piquet despite video evidence of his vicious language. Verstappen stated that Piquet was “definitely not a racist,” the situation was “blown out of proportion,” and Piquet should not have been banned from the paddock.

In September 2023, the Director of Red Bull Racing, Helmut Marko, made racist comments against Red Bull Racer Sergio Pérez after the Monza Grand Prix. Marko compared Pérez to Verstappen, claiming that Pérez “has problems in qualifying, [and] fluctuations in form [because] he is South American and he is just not as completely focused in his head as Max is or as Sebastian.”

Marko has since issued an apology, but the comments left spectators with a bad taste in their mouths. Many are still upset, as this was not the first time the Red Bull Racing establishment has had issues with racism.

Half-Thai, Half-British driver Alexander Albon has expressed his discontent with racially motivated opinions regarding his mixed identity. Albon expressed that spectators and official F1 Commentators call him a “London-born Thai if [he does] a good job, or not British at all if [he does] a bad job.” Commentary like this implies that a driver’s talent is correlated to their proximity to whiteness.

During the 2023 Spanish Grand Prix, Sky Sports commentator Martin Brundle referred to Chinese Alfa-Romeo driver Zhou Guanyu using a derogatory anti-Chinese slur on live television.

This unfortunate comment was met with an uproar of criticism from F1 fans who felt using the term was ignorant and disrespectful. The blatant use of the slur was a brutal reminder of the flaws still apparent in F1.

In 2022, the Official F1 account released a statement claiming that “Discriminatory or racist language is unacceptable in any form and has no part in society.” Although the sport has taken steps to combat racism, it’s clear that the steps taken have not been enough, as drivers are still being affected by repulsive discriminatory language and actions from commentators, spectators, and team leads themselves. Statements of solidarity and condemnation of racism are the first step toward progress. However, true progress will only be achieved when the words presented in these statements are applied to real-life instances of racism in Formula 1 through the enforcement of consequences.

ILLUSTRATION BY BEATRIZ SIMAS/THE MEDIUM

15

Puzzle Corner

Editor | Laura Tovar design@themedium.ca

Sudoku!

Instructions: Fill in the spaces with numbers 1–9. No numbers can be repeated in the same row, column or box.

Easy

9 2 3 4 5 1 8 6 7

5 4 8 2 7 6 9 3 1

7 6 1 9 3 8 2 4 5

Puzzle by websudoku.com

6 9 2 5 1 7 3 8 4

8

Puzzle by websudoku.com

3 7

4 1 7 3 8 9 6 5 2

7 6 3 4 9 8 5 2 9 7 1 8 1 1 5 8 3 4 2 4

Easy solution- Don’t peek until you’re finished your puzzle!

This Solution will be shown upside-down.

3 8 5 6 2 4 1 7 9

1 9

8 3 4 7 9 2 5 1 6

1

2

2

1 7 9 8 6 5 4 2 3

5 7

7

Evil

1 Evil solution- Don’t peek until you’re finished your puzzle!

This Solution will be shown upside-down.

6 2 9 3 9 6 5

9

6 8 2 4 8 4 7 5 6 3 1 3 7 9 5 6 Puzzle by websudoku.com

2 5 6 1 4 3 7 9 8

3 4 8 1

4 1 3 7 9 8 5 2 6

7 8 2 5 6 4 9 1 3

5 6 9 3 2 1 4 8 7

3 2 5 8 1 6 7 4 9

Puzzle by websudoku.com

8 9 4 2 7 3 6 5 1

1 7 6 4 5 9 8 3 2

2 4 7 6 3 5 1 9 8

6 5 1 9 8 2 3 7 4

9 3 8 1 4 7 2 6 5

16

Sustainability Themed Word Search!

Instructions: sustainability words inLabs the puzzle below!

11/12/23, 5:20 PMSee if you can find the words in our Sustainability Word Search - Word list Search

Sustainability Word Search M P O V P Y Z Q T M E C E P Q U B K J P N O H Q L G X Y T T T A C D P A A M V Y T J Z E X X D Q G V R E L A C B D L I B C G Z E J S E B Z T K T R O K S N H E I Z Q G Y Z Y M N H P Z W Z H P D I T W O F P U S W S G D V U F T Z G N E E R G D F E Z X Q A J N O I X E B L K J R Z W E W G N I L C Y C P U R X H R V K N W W G Q L T P B M U F K R Q O G S A R Y B U R B J K K W D W Z M E L Y N O Z S G C J A C D R Y O P L B J F W J I M Z X V E A D N B P K E L R P D U A P T S E N L T L A T Y T I L I B A N I A T S U S N X A V B F F Q A K Z G U L V Z H O M C E T M Q L I S M S A W O S C O W G P O K L R I A E R R E U S E D C R C F U M Z D C J L P W H A Z D N J T D N E U I O Q D Y B C E T T E C O S Y S T E M E V C C S C V M I D G K R E N E W A B L E H Z Q H E L O C T E N Z U G R O V Q D C V P T P R B L V X 1. sustainability

2. earth

8. environment

9. change

3. recycle

4. reuse

10. ecosystem

5. thrift

6. green

7. biodegradable

11. energy

12. friendly

13. composting

14. upcycling

https://wordsearchlabs.com/view/449906

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