A GREEN HOUSE GAS INVENTORY 2015 April – 2016 March
Prepared by Meghana Dutta Date: 30-04-2016
CONTENTS A. Description of the firm B. Boundaries 1. Boundary Approach 2. Organisational Boundary 3. Operational Boundary C. Summary of Scope and Emissions Source D. Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1. Scope 1 Emissions 2. Scope 2 Emissions 3. Scope 3 Emissions E. Largest Emission 1. Largest Emission Source 2. Suggested Reduction Plan F. Suggested Reduction Plan G. Greenhouse gas Reduction Goal
Bibliography Appendix A Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Refrigerant for Air Conditioning Appendix B Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Refrigerant for Refrigerator and Chiller Appendix C Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Diesel for Generator Appendix D Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Petrol Vehicles owned by Company Appendix E Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Diesel Vehicles owned by Company Appendix F Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from LPG for Kitchen and Brewery Appendix G Scope 2 Calculations - Emissions from Purchased Electricity Appendix H Scope 3 Calculations - Emissions from Petrol for goods transported Appendix I Scope 3 Calculations - Emissions from Solid Waste
A. Description of the firm. BREW SKY is a Microbrewery located in Bangalore, India. It is a wholly owned Microbrewery. The company has two Microbreweries: Big Brew Sky and Brew Sky, both located in Bangalore. India’s first microbrewery was opened in 2009 in Pune. Now there are several microbreweries that have mushroomed in various cities in India. For purpose of the study only greenhouse emissions from Brew Sky is considered. Brew Sky is a 10000 sqft Microbrewery and 5000sqft as back office for the Microbrewery. It was started in 2014. The space is rented and is part of a larger commercial building. The commercial building has 7 floors, Basement, Ground to Fourth and Terrace. Brewsky has rented part of 3rd Floor, 4th Floor and Terrace Floor. The basement is a shared parking space for all tenants. There are separate meters for electricity for each tenant. All common areas electricity has a separate meter which is shared by all tenants. The Generator which is run by Diesel is separate for Brew Sky. Employees in the company include 100 for Brew Sky. Employee number typically do not see much fluctuation. B. Boundaries B1. Suggested Boundary Approach The reporting company wholly owns all of its operations. It is recommended that Brew Sky use the equity and financial control approach, as defined by Greenhouse Gas Protocol to establish organisational and operational boundaries for the greenhouse gas inventory. This approach would include both the back end office and the microbrewery. Thus 100% of emissions from operations will have to be reported. The reporting covered is for 1 year. The company’s emissions result from building operations, vehicles, kitchen and brewery equipment. The company has the ability to reduce emissions in all areas except the common areas shared by all tenants. B2. Organisational Boundary
Under the equity and financial control approach, the inventory would include Brew Sky along with the back office. Any future expansion within the same building would be included in the future. B3. Operational Boundary The inventory of the company will include all scope 1 and 2 emissions along with certain Scope 3 emissions. Only the emissions that can be calculated with accuracy will be included in Scope 3 inventory.
C. Summary of Scope and Emissions Source for Brew Sky
D. Greenhouse Gas Inventory for BREW SKY The inventory completed for this assignment focused on all operations related to the brewery including the storage facility and Back Office. The brewery has approximately 100 total employees at any time. The building is located in Bangalore, India. Calculations included scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions for the period April 2015 to March 2016. (Financial year in India is always considered from April to March the next year). Method followed for calculations is based on the Climate Registry’s General Reporting Protocol. Emission factors for purpose of calculations were taken from the Climate Registry’s 2012 Default Emission Factors. Listed below is the summary of emissions considered in each scope. Refer to appendices for detailed calculations. D1: Scope 1 Emissions: Under the equity and financial control approach, the company’s scope 1 emissions would include emissions from the following: 1. Diesel Use: Emissions from job site generators were included. Generator capacity is 160KW 2. LPG use: LPG gas was used for cooking in the kitchen and is used in the Brewery. Emissions from LPG were calculated based on data of payments made towards LPG cylinders from April 2015 to March 2016. Each commercial LPG cylinder is 19kgs. LPG
gas is a mixture of Butane and Propane Gases. For calculating CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions, the default emission factors for LPG gas were used. 75 cyclinders per month are used for both Brewery and Kitchen 3. Emissions from diesel and petrol vehicles Company-owned has been included. 1 discover 1 TVS city 100 1 TVS heavyduty 1 Audi - Data was provided on the make, model, and year of each vehicle as well as annual mileage and fuel efficiency. - Total petrol and diesel used for all the above vehicles was provided by distance commuted by the vehicles along with the mileage. - Total fuel use was estimated using data on annual mileage and average fuel efficiency for each vehicle. 4. Fugitive Emissions: Emissions from Refrigerant used in Air Conditioning. Since there is no separate meter for air conditioning it is difficult to know the exact usage of the Air Conditioner. Refrigerant qty is estimated using thumbrules for refrigerant for a particular Air Conditioner cooling capacity. Ductable split capacity. 5.5 ton (2no.) Split AC 1.5 ton (2 no.) 5. Fugitive Emissions: Emissions from Refrigerant used in Refrigerator. Since there is no separate meter for refrigerator it is difficult to know the exact usage of the Refrigerator. Refrigerant qty is estimated using thumbrules for refrigerant for a particular refrigerator storage capacity.
D2 Scope 2 emissions: The company’s scope 2 emissions would include emissions from the following 1. Purchased Electricity for running the facility Electricity is required for lights, AC, kitchen equipment, sound system and the brewery. Monthly electricity bills for both the Brew Sky brewery, the back office and terrace were used to calculate Scope 2 emissions. D3 Scope 3 emissions:
The company’s scope 3 emisssions would include emissions upstream and downstream. This category would include emissions from the following: 1.
Transport Related Activities
a. Employees commuting to and from work (kms) (not considered since 90% of staff walk to workplace) b. Transportation of purchased goods (considered) c. Transportation of materials to brewery (not considered) d. Transportation of waste. ( not considered) 2. Disposal of Waste generated in operations (in tonnes) 3. Wastewater and Water use (not considered) Waste generated from operations that were sent to landfill were provided by the company in kgs for the whole year.
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS FROM SCOPE 1,2 and 3
E. Major Emission Sources: Estimation and Reduction Largest Emission Sources If only scope 1 and scope 2 emissions are considered, the largest sources of the firm’s emissions are emissions from LPG and secondly from electricity. They make up approximately 55.31 and 36.79 percentage of the emissions. The largest Scope 3 emissions include: a. downstream emissions from construction waste disposal F. Suggested Reduction Plan By focusing on reducing emissions from its largest emission sources, the company could realize significant decreases in the cost spent on LPG and on electricity. The following methods for reducing emissions focus on actions that offer significant cost savings.
1. Reduction of emissions from LPG Set a policy for selecting and purchasing so as to replace phase wise energy consuming equipment to energy savings kitchen equipment including refrigerators, chillers etc. Educate employees on the benefits of not cooking more then required so to ensure less kitchen waste. Lesser cooking would mean lesser use of LPG. Most importantly look into options of using piped gas instead of LPG cylinders. No cylinder can be used to its full capacity which leads to wastage of gas in each cylinder. Using piped with Natural Gas can reduce both the quantity consumed and reduce the emissions as it has a lower GWP. Cost of piped gas which is Natural gas is safer and greener and is 20% less then cost of LPG cylinders. 2. Reduction of Electrical Consumption a. Increase efficiency of equipment used both in Kitchen and in Breweries. b. Replace CFL’s lights with LED’s. c. Install motion-sensing lights in toilets and store areas d. Educate employees on the importance of turning off lights and electronics when not in use. e. Use efficient Air Conditioners. 4 star and above. Switch to central air conditioning from split AC’s f. Install a BMS to monitor building temperatures, to prevent the unnecessary use of energy for air-conditioning. g. Doors in air conditioned spaces should be kept closed to reduce loss of cooling. h. Use propane, or mixed-use, or Solar generators instead of diesel generators i. Ensure sorting and recycling of waste generated so pressure on landfill is reduced. j. The company also could have an annual voluntary event for employees to plant trees on leased or owned properties as a way of offsetting its emissions and potentially helping reduce ambient temperatures on the properties. G. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goal The main benefits to the company for setting a goal and achieving reductions are: 1. decreased costs 2. Sustainability leadership in Microbrewery 3. Preparation for future government regulations. Therefore, it is recommended that the company start by establishing an greenhouse gas reduction goal measured in emissions reduction in percentage.
This initial goal would include only scope 1 and 2 emissions. The goal should be to reduce emissions by 10% in 2016-2017 and further 10% in 2017-2018 It is estimated that emissions from LPG could be easily reduced by approximately 10% by simply switching to piped Natural Gas. Further reductions could be achieved by installing Solar Panels to generate atleast 10% of the electricity requirement and by switching all light fixtures to LED. Lastly, though not calculated or accounted for the most immediate risks and opportunities for Brewsky is with regards to use of water and treatment of waste water before it is let into the common sewage. Current opportunities for the company exist to not only decrease cost but to build a reputation among its customers for being efficient and environmentally responsible. There is a severe water crisis in India, where the public is actually questioning the government in cutting water supply to all breweries and diverting the water for agriculture use. Implementing a greenhouse gas reduction plan, where in resource use is planned so as to reduce waste and brewery preparation is made less water intensive would be a welcome move for the company.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. The Climate Registry (2008). General Reporting Protocol 1.1. Part IV: Reporting Your Emissions. Website: http://www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/GRP.pdf 2. 2. The Climate Registry (2012). Climate Registry Default Emissions Factors. Website: http://www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/2012/01/2012- ClimateRegistry-Default-Emissions-Factors.pdf 3. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition). Website: www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/corporate-standard 4. Jan-Olov Sundqvist, ‘Life cycles assessments and solid waste – Guidelines for solid waste treatment and disposal in LCA’, IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, December 1999 Website: http://www.swedishepa.se/Documents/publikationer/afr-r-279-se.pdf 5. Charlotte HVAC Guide http://www.charlottehvacguide.com/guides/how-many-pounds-of-freon-or-refrigerantdoes-an-ac-or-heat-pump-need/
Appendix A Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Refrigerant for Air Conditioning
Appendix B Scope 1 - Calculations – Emissions from Refrigerant for Refrigerator and Chiller
Appendix C Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Diesel for Generator
Appendix D Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Petrol Vehicles owned by Company
Appendix E Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from Diesel Vehicles owned by Company
Appendix F Scope 1 Calculations – Emissions from LPG for Kitchen and Brewery
Appendix G Scope 2 Calculations - Emissions from Purchased Electricity
Appendix H Scope 3 Calculations - Emissions from Petrol for goods transported
Appendix I Scope 3 Calculations - Emissions from Solid Waste