Cdm & carbon market newsletter vol 4 no 25

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ اﻧﺮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎران اﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺻﺎدق اﺣﺪي‬ ‫ﻋﺎدل ﭘﺮﺗﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺘﺎب ﺻﺎدﻗﻲ ﺣﺮﻳﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺎم ﺷﻴﺮدل‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫آذﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﻨﻲ داﻧﺶ‬

‫آدرس‪ :‬ﺗﻬﺮان‪ -‬ﺳﻌﺎدت آﺑﺎد‪ -‬ﻣﻴﺪان ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ‪ -‬اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺑﻠﻮار ‪ 24‬ﻣﺘﺮي‪ -‬ﭘﻼك ‪ - 4‬واﺣﺪ ‪11‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ 88584125 :‬و ‪22136142‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ‪22136271 – 88584126 :‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‪info@mehrenergy.com :‬‬ ‫وب ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‪www.mehrenergy.com :‬‬

‫آﻏﺎز ﺳﺨﻦ‪:‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﻋﺎدل ﭘﺮﺗﻮي‬

‫" ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ"‬ ‫اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺎ از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎ ودرﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺣﻴﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري و‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﺑﺠﺎﺳﺖ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺎ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻴﻬﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻓﻌﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﻛﺸﻮري ﺟﻬﺎن ﺳﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺪاﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫راﺳﺎً ﻗﺪرت ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﻮدﻣﺎن را ﻧﺪارد ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﭙﺮدازد!‬ ‫ﻗﺪر ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺬل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ و اﻗﺪام ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮدم‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آب و ﻫﻮا در ﺳﺎل ‪ 1992‬و ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ اﻳﺮان در آن در ﺳﺎل ‪،1375‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮز ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﺤﻮه ﻋﻤﻞ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻜﺮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﻲداﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﺎل آﻳﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل آﻳﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻳﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﻣﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ و از ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن دو ﮔﺰارش از وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در اﻳﺮان ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﮔﺮﭼﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪي ﻳﺎراﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎي اﻧﺮژي و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ و ﭼﻴﺰي از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﻳﺰي ﻛﺸﻮر در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻧﻤﻲﺧﻮرد‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮك و ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻣﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻛﻨﻮن ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺮهﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﻛﺮاﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻠﻲ و روﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي رﺳﻴﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺪارك راه‬ ‫اﻧﺪازي ﺑﻮرس ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ 31‬ﻛﺸﻮر اﺗﺤﺎدﻳﻪ اروﭘﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮرس ﻛﺮﺑﻦ را از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎل ‪ 2005‬ﻣﻴﻼدي‬ ‫راهاﻧﺪازي ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ و ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻮزﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺰاﻗﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ و ﻛﺒﻚ و اﺧﻴﺮاً ﺳﻪ اﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮرس ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻮن راهاﻧﺪازي ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ و ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ در رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻣﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ دوﻟﺖ ﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮ و اﻣﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺮق از ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪي دوﻟﺖ در‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﻴﺮي از اﻧﺮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي را ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را در ﻫﻢ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ و‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻮر را ﻛﺸﻮري ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺎز در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﺟﻼس و ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺘﺎب ﺻﺎدﻗﻲ ﺣﺮﻳﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آب و ﻫﻮا ‪UNFCCC‬‬

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‫ﺷﺼﺖ و ﻳﻜﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك )‪(MP 61‬‬

‫‪ 7‬اﻟﻲ ‪ 11‬اﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪ – 2013‬ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬آﻟﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ را در ﺧﺼﻮص وﻇﺎﻳﻒ آﺗﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮاي دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎري ﺳﺎل ‪ 2014‬ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪه ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺮر ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ در ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ در ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس در وب ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/index.html‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺮر ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ارﺳﺎل درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ در ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﺗﻲ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫در ﻫﻔﺘﺎدو ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻫﻴﺄت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼع ﻋﻤﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/Revisions/index.h‬‬ ‫‪tml‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

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‫ج‪ -‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺮر ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺷﻔﺎف ﺳﺎزي ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺼﺖ و دوﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬در ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻫﻴﺄت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﻣﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻘﺮر ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼع ﻋﻤﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/Clarifications/ind‬‬ ‫‪ex.html‬‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺪﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺄت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ در آدرس زﻳﺮ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/pnm/pending‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ و ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد و اراﺋﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺄت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰارش و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺼﺖ و ﻳﻜﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ را اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻳﻢ در وب ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪ UNFCCC‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﭼﻬﻞ و دوﻣﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس )‪(SSC WG42‬‬

‫‪ 14‬اﻟﻲ ‪ 17‬اﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪ -2013‬ﺑﻦ‪ ،‬آﻟﻤﺎن‬ ‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎري ‪ 2013‬ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻬﻠﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ در ﭼﻬﻞ و ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫در ﻫﻔﺘﺎد و ﺷﺸﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد و در آدرس وب ﺳﺎﻳﺖ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻤﻮم ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/index.html‬‬ ‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‪ ،‬وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺷﺮح ﻣﻮارد و ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ در وب ﺳﺎﻳﺖ دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ‪ .‬روﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي و ﺷﻔﺎف ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ و ﭘﺎﻳﺶ و اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژي )‪ (version 01.1‬در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺑﻪ آدرس زﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Procedures/index.html#meth‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ و اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻈﺮات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ از ﻓﺮاﺧﻮان‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ در ﺟﺪول زﻳﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﺑﺰار و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‪/‬ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬

‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ‬

‫ردﻳﻒ‬

‫)‪17(a‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﺎن از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺰرگ‬

‫‪SSC-NM085-rev‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫)‪17(b‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ )ﻧﻔﺘﻴﻚ(‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮق ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد‬

‫‪SSC-NM089-rev‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪17(c‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده اي و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در‬ ‫اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز ﺑﺠﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬

‫‪SSC-NM090-rev‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫)‪17(d‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺟﺮاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ و‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬

‫‪SSC-NM091‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و اﺑﺰار ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻼن‬

‫ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‪/‬ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬

‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫در ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژي ﻫﺎي وﻳﮋه ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺳﺎزي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫)ﻫﻔﺘﺎدوﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ(‬

‫در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎري ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ را ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮده و ﭼﻬﻞ و دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬آذﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﻨﻲ داﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آب و ﻫﻮا ‪UNFCCC‬‬

‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻮزدﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺟﻼس ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮا )‪ :(COP19‬از زاوﻳﻪ دﻳﺪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ورﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺰدﻫﻢ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪ -2013‬آﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﺪ از اﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ﻧﻮزدﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺟﻼس دﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮا )‪ (COP19‬از‬ ‫دﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮر در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ؟ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺧﺒﺮي را ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 15‬ﺧﺒﺮﻧﮕﺎر ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ )ﻛﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر اﺟﻼس ﻫﺎي‬ ‫دﺑﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮا )‪ (COP‬را ﺑﻄﻮر روزاﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ دادﻧﺪ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺶ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎ ك ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺨﺶ زﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ورﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺰدﻫﻢ ﻧﻮاﻣﺒﺮ ‪ -2013‬در ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ در ورﺷﻮ‪ -‬ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﻴﺌﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺌﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ اراﺋﻪ داده و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺌﻮاﻻت ﺣﻀﺎر در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎك )‪ (CDM‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺨﺶ زﻧﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ داﻧﻠﻮد اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

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‫ اﻣﻀﺎي ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ زﻏﺎل ﭼﻮب‬‫ورﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻮاﻣﺒﺮ ‪ -2013‬دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آب و ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي را ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺎد آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ آﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﺎزار‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ اﻣﻀﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ي ﻣﺘﺪوﻟﻮژي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ زﻏﺎل ﭼﻮب در آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ :‬رﻗﺎﺑﺖ وﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ و ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك )‪2013 (CDM‬‬‫ورﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻧﺰدﻫﻢ ﻧﻮاﻣﺒﺮ ‪ -2013‬رﺋﻴﺲ ‪ (Christiana Figueres) UNFCCC‬ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن رﻗﺎﺑﺖ وﻳﺪﺋﻮﺋﻲ و ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك )‪ 2013 (CDM‬را در ﻣﺮاﺳﻤﻲ در ﻧﻮزدﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺟﻼس اﻋﻀﺎي ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آب و ﻫﻮا‬ ‫)‪ (COP19‬در ورﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮد‪ .‬وﻳﺪﻳﻮ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﻮارد ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ در ﮔﻴﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺬاﺑﻴﺖ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ‪ :1‬ﺑﺴﻮي ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ آﻳﻨﺪه ‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺶ اول )اداﻣﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎره ﺑﻌﺪي درج ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ(‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ‪ ،tce‬ﻧﻮاﻣﺒﺮ ‪2013‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻬﺎم ﺷﻴﺮدل‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي‪ :‬ﻋﺎدل ﭘﺮﺗﻮي‬

‫ﻣﺪﺗﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ رﺳﻴﺪه اﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻲﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺮﺑﻦ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ را ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺿﻄﺮاري‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ﭘﻲ در ﭘﻲ ‪ IPCC‬دوره ﺑﺪون ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﺪ و ﺳﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﻤﺎري را ﺑﺮ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﻗﻒ و ﺣﻔﻆ روﻧﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﺮدن ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ 400‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﭘﻴﺶ از ‪ ،1990‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 350‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل ‪ 2020‬ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬اﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ) در ﻣﺎه ﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪ (2013‬از ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 400‬ﭘﻲ ﭘﻲ ام ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﺮدﻳﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ )ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ( ﮔﺰارش ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪ IPCC‬و ﮔﺰارش وﻳﮋه ‪ 2013‬ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز اﻧﺮژي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ،IEA‬اﻳﺪه ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻲ زﻳﺮ ‪ 450‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام )ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 50‬درﺻﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪودﺳﺎزي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ 2‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﺪن اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‪-‬ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ واﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورده اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ 500‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام و ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ‪ 550‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ‪ 5-6‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮادي دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ‪ 450‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪهاﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي آﺧﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺰودي ﺑﻪ آن ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ رﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫‪ -450‬ﻋﺪد ﺟﺎدوﻳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ راه ﺣﻞ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻨﺎرﻳﻮ ‪ 450‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ در ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ‪50‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ در روال ﻋﺎدي ) اﮔﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺎري ﻧﻜﻨﻴﻢ( ﺑﻪ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎد‪ ،‬ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ‪28‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ و ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي اﻧﺮژي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ )و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي( ﺑﻄﻮر اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﻲ ‪ 4‬دﻫﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس وﺳﻴﻊ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻮاﺑﮕﻮي اﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ اﻧﺮژي ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻼوه‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ آرزو دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦﺗﺮ و ارزانﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﻇﻬﻮر دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورده‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي اﺣﺘﻴﺎج رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ اﻧﺮژيﺷﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ دﻫﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻧﺮژي ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ %50‬ﭘﻮرﺗﻔﻮﻟﻴﻮي ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪ از آن را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺤﺪودﺳﺎزي ‪ 450‬ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ‪ 500‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام ‪ CO2‬درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪم ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ در ﺳﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬اول ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﻧﺮژي دارﻳﻢ‪ -‬اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺪ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ راه ﺣﻞﻫﺎي ﺳﺎده را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﻓﺮاد‪ ،‬ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ اﺟﺮا ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ %50‬از ‪ 50‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎ ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل ذﺧﻴﺮه‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ‪ CO2‬ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ را درﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬دوم ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ )ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ و ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ و ﺗﺠﺎري ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪود ‪%30‬‬ ‫اﻫﺪاف ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ‪ 2050‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از اﻳﻦ راه ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮم‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ دوم اﻳﻦ ﻗﺮن‬ ‫ﺑﺪان ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﻧﺮا ﺗﺎ آﻧﺠﺎﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ‪ CO2‬ﺑﻪ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬راه ﺣﻞﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﺬب و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ )‪ (CCS‬در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻨﺠﺎ‪ CO2 ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎهﻫﺎ و ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺰرگ )ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آﻫﻦ و ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از‬ ‫ﺣﻼلﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎذبﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺟﺬب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻴﺎل ﻓﻮق ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎي ذﺧﻴﺮه زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ و ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ درﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻜﻲ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ذﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‪ .‬اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻫﻨﻮز ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي‬ ‫‪ CCS‬ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺬب‪ ،‬و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫)ﻛﻪ "ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ اﻧﺮژي" ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد(‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ‪ CCS‬ﺑﻄﻮر اﻳﻤﻦ و‬

‫اﻳﺪه ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺣﺘﻲ زﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ 450‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام )ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﺪلﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺒﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده آن و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎت‬

‫ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 50‬درﺻﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪود‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺎرت اﻧﺘﺸﺎر( ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 2‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﺪن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺟﺬب و ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اداﻣﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫)ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺪاوم ﻣﻴﺰان آن در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ اﮔﺮ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ آﻫﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ( ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ‪ CO2‬اﻧﺘﺸﺎري ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز در ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ در اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬اﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮي ﻛﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻬﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ دردﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮاردادن ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻮد و ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎل ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺗﺠﺎري ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ‪ CCS‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻴﺮو‪ ،‬دوﻟﺖ و دﻳﮕﺮ ذﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزي ﻫﺪف ذﺧﻴﺮه ‪ 10 Gt/y‬دي‬ ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ در ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‪ .‬دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف درﺣﺪود ‪3500‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه ‪ CCS‬ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس در ﺟﻬﺎن ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل ‪ 2050‬ﻧﻴﺎز دارد ) در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 30000‬ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ دﻧﻴﺎ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ(‪ .‬وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫آورده اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻣﺎ‬

‫اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎري ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻲ‪ 1‬ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز ﻳﻚ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮ ‪ 500‬ﭘﻲ‪-‬‬ ‫ﭘﻲام و ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ‪ 550‬ﭘﻲﭘﻲام اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ روي ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺘﻲ و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ‪ 5-6‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬

‫ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪ ،‬و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺑﺮ‬

‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ اواﺳﻂ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺮن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم( ﮔﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﺪا از ‪ ،CCS‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻨﻬﺎ را اداﻣﻪ دﻫﻴﻢ درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﺎز اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬ ‫‪ CO2‬ﺻﻮرت دﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﺎز ﺗﺎ آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎن ‪ CO2 %50‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻧﻔﺖ و ذﻏﺎل را‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎز‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮق و ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻬﻢ زﻳﺎدي از اﻫﺪاف‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪهاي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ )ﻣﻘﺼﺪ( ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺑﺠﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﮔﺬار ﺑﻪ دﻧﻴﺎي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ‪ CCS‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اي و ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ را دارد‪ .‬ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﺪه اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات آﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 200*10^12‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﺎز ﻣﺮﺳﻮم اﺛﺒﺎت ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ‪ 65‬ﺳﺎل در ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪون ﺷﻚ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﮔﺎز )‪ (EGR‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ‪ CO2‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت وﻳﮋهاي در اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﭘﺲ از آن ‪ CO2‬در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎل ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻛﺮﺑﻦ را دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Demonstration project ١‬ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﻖ روشﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ و اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

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‫ﻫﺮ روز ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺎز آﻳﻨﺪه ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪ .‬اﻧﻘﻼب ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ‪ 2‬در اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮف‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮر را از وارد ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎدرﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮد و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﮔﺎز ﺑﺠﺎي ذﻏﺎل‬ ‫در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮق ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ‪ CO2‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ) %11‬ﺣﺪود ‪ ،200 Mt/y‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ اواﺳﻂ دﻫﻪ ‪ (1990‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮدﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺎز ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزي اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻳﻚ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮔﺎز ﻣﺤﻮر دارد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ از‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺣﻔﺎري ﭼﺎهﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ دراز در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﻴﻞ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻚ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ آن ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪهاي‬ ‫از ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺧﺮوج ﮔﺎز ﻣﺤﺒﻮس ﺷﺪه در ﺻﺨﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻗﻮﻳﺎً ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﻞ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﻧﻴﺎ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻫﻴﺪوﻛﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﻲ و ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ اﻃﺮاف ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺎز و ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﺪاول اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﮔﺎز )و‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ( در ﺷﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﮕﻲ ﻫﺮﺟﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﺎز و ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬و اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ را ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار واﻗﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬در ﺣﺪود ‪ 450*10^12‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮآورد ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ‪ 150‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺎز ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ در ‪ Bowland Shale‬در‬ ‫‪ Lancashire‬اﺧﻴﺮا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ‪ 36*10^12‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ زده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ‪ Weald‬ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ اﮔﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ %10‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ دﻫﻪ را دارد‪ .‬دوﻟﺖ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﺸﻮقﻫﺎي زﻳﺎدي را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺮك آن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻳﻜﻲ از اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ واردﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮔﺎز اﺳﺖ و درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﺎز درﻳﺎي ﺷﻤﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬

‫‪Shale Gas ٢‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ LNG‬ﻗﻄﺮ و ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ از ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺮوژ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ اﻣﻴﺪوار اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﮔﺮ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ ﺑﻄﻮر واﻗﻌﻲ در اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ذﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎزﺳﻮز ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺬب ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬اﺛﺮات ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ روي‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ذﻏﺎل ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎز در ﻫﻤﻪ دﻧﻴﺎ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات از ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎدرات ذﻏﺎل ارزان اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ درﺑﺎره ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ وﺟﻮد دارد‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و اﻣﻨﻴﺘﻲ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ آبﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲرﺳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻣﺤﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻟﺮزشﻫﺎي ﺧﻔﻴﻒ زﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را در ﺧﻄﺮ ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ؛ و ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد آب ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ردﭘﺎي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪرت‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻻي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ )ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﭼﺎهﻫﺎ و ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر( ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮوز ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬واﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﻮب و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎز ﺷﻴﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﺗﺮ از ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز در ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬آﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﺪي اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻴﺎز دارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ و ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻓﻨﻲ و دوﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ درﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )"ﻏﻴﺮ از ﺣﻴﺎت ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ"( ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ داده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ BP‬در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻴﺪان ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ‪) Wytch Farm‬ﻋﻜﺲ( در دﻳﺘﺮوﻳﺖ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ از ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ زﻳﺎد اﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ از‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ردﭘﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴﺎس‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ‪ :2‬ﺻﺮف ‪ 7‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد دﻻر در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ در ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ‪ – tce‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪2013‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻬﺎم ﺷﻴﺮدل‬ ‫ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي آب‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،Markaz ،‬ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي ‪ 7‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد دﻻر‬ ‫در ﺑﺨﺶ آب در ﺳﺎل ‪ 2013‬ﺻﺮف ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﮔﺰارش ﺧﻮد در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫آب ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي‪ ،‬اﻇﻬﺎر ﻣﻲ دارد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ‪ 133‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد دﻻر ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري‬ ‫در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي آب و ﺑﺮق در دﻫﻪ آﻳﻨﺪه اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ در ﺳﺎل ‪2013‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي داراي ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ آب در دﻧﻴﺎ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ زﻳﺎد‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ 950 ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ ،‬در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ 500‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻮده و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ آب اﺳﺖ‪ 27 .‬ﻃﺮح ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي در ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در روز وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان در دﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﭘﺮوژه ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎردي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي ﻓﺎز ‪ 3‬ﻳﺎﻧﺒﻮ و ‪ 1/5‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد دﻻري ﭘﺮوژه راس اﻟﺨﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺮاوان ﮔﺎز و ﻧﻔﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ دوﻟﺖ ﻗﺼﺪ دارد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري زﻳﺎدي‬ ‫روي اﻧﺮژيﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي آﻳﻨﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‪ .‬در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻗﺼﺪ دارد ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزي از‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﻫﺴﺘﻪاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻧﺮژي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ SABIC‬ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ‪ CO2‬را ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ آﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪ Linde‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎزي و ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ‪ CO2‬در ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﺮارداد ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ ،SABIC‬ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ دوﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬اﺳﺖ و ﻃﺮح در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺟﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮح در ﺣﺪود ‪ 1500‬ﺗﻦ در روز دياﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺧﺎم ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل در ﺟﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ را ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ و ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي‪ ،‬ﮔﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و اوره ﺑﻜﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ رﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻛﻮدﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ‪200‬‬ ‫ﺗﻦ در روز دياﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﻲ و ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﻓﺮوﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻃﺮح‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫دياﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ در ﺣﺪود ‪ 500،000‬ﺗﻦ در روز ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ اﻟﺰاﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎون اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ رﺋﻴﺲ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺠﺎري اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﻳﻚ ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ SABIC‬ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح "ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮرﺗﻔﻮﻟﻴﻮي ﻛﺴﺐ و ﻛﺎر ‪ SABIC‬در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮔﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ اﻓﺰود"‬ ‫اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻃﺮح از ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي از ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎل آﻳﻨﺪه اﺟﺮا ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ‪ :3‬ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور ﻣﻬﺎب ﻗﺪس‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪Climate Connect :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ در اﺟﺮاي ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ دوﻟﺘﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اوﻟﻴﻪ اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ را‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .1(UNEP2011).‬اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬از ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ﻣﺎﻟﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ( ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻻزم را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺎص ﺧﻮد‪،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬اﻣﺎ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ)‪ ، 2(LDCS‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد‪.‬در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪاي‪ ،‬ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻬﺮه آن ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪري ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر دﺷﻮار ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك)‪ 3(CDM‬ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎﺋﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺪ)‪ 4(UNFCCC‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎر‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﺮوژه اي ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻲ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻫﺮﺗﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺎز ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي)ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ دياﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ( ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺮاي آن ﭘﺮوژه ﺻﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ داراي ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده و ﺧﺮﻳﺪ و ﻓﺮوش ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮوشاﻳﻦ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر درآﻣﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪاي را ﺟﺪا از ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آورد‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎن اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞآﻣﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻋﺪم ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬دراﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﺟﺪا از ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات‬ ‫ﺿﺮوري)ﺳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺮوژه( ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎي ‪ –UNFCCC‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺸﺎوران واﺟﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي اداري ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ و ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره اﺟﺮا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻮرد وﺛﻮق ‪)،UNFCCC‬‬ ‫‪ 5(DOE‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬در ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺮوژه در ‪ UNFCCC‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮوژه‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ دﻳﮕﺮي از اﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1-United Nations Environment Programme‬‬ ‫‪2-Least developed country‬‬ ‫‪3-Clean Development Mechanism‬‬ ‫‪4-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change‬‬ ‫‪5- Designated Operational Entity‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻓﻮقاﻟﺬﻛﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‪،‬در ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ اﻋﻀﺎي ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ در ﺳﺎل ‪ ،2010‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺖ اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت وام از ﻣﺤﻞ درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎي داوﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ اﻫﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژﻫﻬﺎي واﺟﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وام ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ‪ CDM‬در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 10‬ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﻴﺪه دارﻧﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد در‬ ‫اﺟﻼس ﺷﺸﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﺟﻼس راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و روﺷﻬﺎﺋﻲ را ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻃﺮح وام ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آورد‪ .‬در اواﺧﺮ ﺳﺎل ‪،2011‬دﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ از ﻣﻴﺎن دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ‪ ،‬دﻓﺘﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﭘﺮوژه ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ)‪ 6(UNOPS‬را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻬﺎد اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ ﻃﺮح وام‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪ‪ .‬و ﻋﻤﻼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ازآورﻳﻞ ﺳﺎل ‪ 2012‬آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك‪:٧‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ راه اﻧﺪازي ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﻓﺘﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﭘﺮوژه ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ )‪ (UNOPS‬و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ )‪ (UNEP‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪Risoe‬از ﻃﺮف دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ UNFCCC‬اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح‪ ،‬وام ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ده ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه‪،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻋﻄﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻴﺰان ﮔﻮاﻫﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪7500‬ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر و در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ‪15000‬ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﺳﺖ‪ .‬وام اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺿﺮوري ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺪﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره ﺛﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ در‪ UNFCCC‬وﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره اﺟﺮا ﺻﺮف ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺎزﭘﺮداﺧﺖ وام ﭘﺲ از آﻧﻜﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ درآﻣﺪزاﺋﻲ رﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬از ﻣﺤﻞ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي در ﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻳﻦ وام ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪ www.cdmloanscheme.org‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ آﻏﺎز ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﻃﻲ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎي وام درﻳﺎﻓﺖ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ در ‪ 31‬ﺟﻮﻻي ‪ 9)2013‬ﻣﺮداد‪ (1392‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن رﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻧﻴﺰ ازﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ‪ 19‬ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ‪28)2013‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮر ‪ (1392‬آﻏﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎ ‪ 31‬ﻣﺎه ﺳﻮم ﺳﺎل ‪ 2014‬اداﻣﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪6 -United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS‬‬ ‫‪7-CDM loan scheme‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آﻣﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪،‬ﮔﺰارش ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك )‪ (2013‬اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﺳﻮي ‪ UNFCCC‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺎل‪:٨2013‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻃﺮح وام ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ‪ 128‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻮد‪ .‬از اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد‪ 71 ،‬ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ‪ 51،‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ آﺳﻴﺎ و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﻴﻔﻴﻚ‪ 5،‬ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﻻﺗﻴﻦ و درﻳﺎي ﻛﺎراﺋﻴﭗ و ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺰ از اروﭘﺎي ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷﺖ‪) .‬ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪(1‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :1‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬

‫اﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ ﻃﻲ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﺑﻪ ‪ UNOPS‬رﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن در‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪(2‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :2‬درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي رﺳﻴﺪه در ﻫﺮﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از ﭘﺬﻳﺮش درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ وام‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫از ﻛﻞ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام رﺳﻴﺪه‪55 ،‬درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﺋﻲ و ‪ 56‬درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫از ﻣﻴﺎن ‪ 128‬درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ارﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ؛ ‪ 36‬درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﻛﻞ وام ﻣﺼﻮب ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ‬ ‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ‪4517927‬دﻻر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 3‬ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ و‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 1‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :3‬ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :1‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻴﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن در ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ آﻧﻜﻪ از ﻣﻴﺎن درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ‪ 56‬درﺻﺪ)‪ 20‬ﭘﺮوژه( ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎك در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ )‪ (POA9‬اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺷﻤﺎره ‪: 4‬ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬

‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ وام ﻣﺼﻮب ﻣﻴﺎن ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻫﺮﻛﺸﻮر در ﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎي وام و رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮح‬ ‫وام ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ‪ 36 .‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ‪ 21‬ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻮده و اﻳﻦ ﺑﺪان ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ وام ﻣﺼﻮب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪ 3‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‪ ،‬و ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ‪644498‬دﻻر وام‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎم اول را در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه وام ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ از اﻳﺮان‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ‪532500‬دﻻر در رده دوم‬ ‫و ﻛﻨﻴﺎ ﺑﺎ ‪ 417500‬دﻻر ﻣﻘﺎم ﺳﻮم را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ‪ 35‬درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ وام ﻣﺼﻮب را درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 1‬ﻣﻴﺰان وامﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮﻛﺸﻮر را ﻧﺸﺎنﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :1‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻛﺸﻮر )دﻻر آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪار وام‬

‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺎ‬

‫‪417500‬‬

‫‪417500‬‬

‫ﻣﺎداﮔﺎﺳﻜﺎر‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫رواﻧﺪا‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ‬

‫‪310250‬‬

‫‪310250‬‬

‫‪9-Programs of Activity‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫زاﻣﺒﻴﺎ‬

‫‪105000‬‬

‫‪105000‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﻧﺰاﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫‪372680‬‬

‫‪372680‬‬

‫اﻳﺮان‬

‫‪210848‬‬

‫‪433650‬‬

‫‪644498‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻻوي‬

‫‪175000‬‬

‫‪103234‬‬

‫‪278234‬‬

‫اوﮔﺎﻧﺪا‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮج‬

‫‪195000‬‬

‫‪245000‬‬

‫‪135000‬‬

‫‪195000‬‬

‫ﺳﻮدان‬

‫‪125000‬‬

‫‪95000‬‬

‫‪220000‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش‬

‫‪230000‬‬

‫‪302500‬‬

‫‪532500‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻴﺰ‬

‫‪187265‬‬

‫‪187265‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻤﺎر‬

‫‪55000‬‬

‫‪55000‬‬

‫ﺑﻮرﻛﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﻮ‬

‫‪140000‬‬

‫‪140000‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻣﺒﻴﺎ‬

‫‪85000‬‬

‫‪85000‬‬

‫ﻣﻮزاﻣﺒﻴﻚ‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﺮون‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﺎل‬

‫‪60000‬‬

‫‪60000‬‬

‫ﻻﺋﻮس‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫ﻧﭙﺎل‬

‫‪200000‬‬

‫‪200000‬‬

‫‪1224384‬‬

‫‪4517927‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪395000‬‬

‫‪2898543‬‬

‫از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮوژه ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 2‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‪ :2‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮوژه )دﻻر آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬

‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮوژه‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول‬

‫ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ )روﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ(‬

‫‪305000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ )اﺟﺎق ﮔﺎز(‬

‫‪622930‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم‬

‫‪305000‬‬ ‫‪303234‬‬

‫‪986164‬‬

‫‪200000‬‬

‫‪200000‬‬

‫ﮔﺎز ﻣﺤﻞ دﻓﻦ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫‪178265‬‬

‫‪246150‬‬

‫‪433415‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺘﺎن )ﻛﻮد ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ(‬

‫‪257500‬‬

‫‪95000‬‬

‫‪352500‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺘﺎن )ﻓﺎﺿﻼب(‬

‫‪355000‬‬

‫‪355000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ اﻧﺮژي‪ -‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎت )ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب(‬

‫‪355000‬‬

‫‪355000‬‬

‫اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي‬

‫‪140000‬‬

‫‪140000‬‬

‫زﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫‪125000‬‬

‫‪125000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ اﻧﺮژي از ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ )ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ(‬

‫‪210848‬‬

‫‪210848‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫‪105000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎراﺋﻲ اﻧﺮژي ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬

‫‪60000‬‬

‫‪290000‬‬

‫‪395000‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫‪135000‬‬

‫‪370000‬‬

‫‪235000‬‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫اﺣﻴﺎي ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده‬ ‫‪2898543‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪395000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪90000‬‬

‫‪1224384‬‬

‫‪4517927‬‬

‫ﺟﺪاول ‪3‬و ‪ 4‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﻴﺰان ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﻣﺎده ﻛﺮدن ﺳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره ﺛﺒﺖ و ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره اﺟﺮا ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‪ :3‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ )دﻻر آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬

‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﭘﺮوژه‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اول‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ دوم‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮم‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬

‫‪455848‬‬

‫‪225000‬‬

‫‪341150‬‬

‫‪1021998‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ )‪(PoA‬‬

‫‪1790430‬‬

‫‪60000‬‬

‫‪690000‬‬

‫‪2450430‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬

‫‪652265‬‬

‫‪110000‬‬

‫‪193234‬‬

‫‪955499‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪2898543‬‬

‫‪395000‬‬

‫‪1224384‬‬

‫‪4517927‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‪ :4‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك)دﻻر آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬

‫ﻧﻮع ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬

‫‪1020228‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره ﺛﺒﺖ‬

‫‪1949885‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره اﺟﺮا‬

‫‪1547814‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪4517927‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ‪ 34‬ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ وام ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪه و اﻣﻀﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬دو ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺣﺎل ﻃﻲ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻬﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ‪1023524‬دﻻر ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 5‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :5‬ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ)دﻻر آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬

‫ﻛﺸﻮر‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺎ‬

‫‪198125‬‬

‫ﻣﺎداﮔﺎﺳﻜﺎر‬

‫‪70000‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ‬

‫‪56500‬‬

‫زاﻣﺒﻴﺎ‬

‫‪37000‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﻧﺰاﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫‪183380‬‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫اﻳﺮان‬

‫‪79340‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻻوي‬

‫‪73750‬‬

‫اوﮔﺎﻧﺪا‬

‫‪74500‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮج‬

‫‪24250‬‬

‫ﺳﻮدان‬

‫‪5000‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش‬

‫‪98500‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻴﺰ‬

‫‪51179‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻤﺎر‬

‫‪6000‬‬

‫ﺑﻮرﻛﻴﻨﺎﻓﺎﺳﻮ‬

‫‪9000‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻣﺒﻴﺎ‬

‫‪7000‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﺮون‬

‫‪32000‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﺎل‬

‫‪18000‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪1023524‬‬

‫از ﻣﻘﺪار ‪ 1023524‬دﻻر ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن‪393256 ،‬دﻻر ﺻﺮف ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ‪630268‬دﻻر ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ دوره ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎم اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪي‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از ﭘﺬﻳﺮش درﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻬﺎي وام در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎل ‪ 2013‬آﻏﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺮح ازﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﻮد ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬در ﺳﺎل‪ 2013‬اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و اﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮان وامدﻫﻲ ﺻﻨﺪوق در ﺳﺎل ‪ 2014‬ﻣﻴﻼدي‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ و ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ در اﺟﺮاي ﺳﺎزوﻛﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ از دﺷﻮارﻳﻬﺎي زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداراﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ روﺷﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ از‬ ‫ﺳﻮي ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺮح وام ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻳﻦ روﺷﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﻛﺮدن اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ UNFCCC‬ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬وام اﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺿﺮوري ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺪﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره ﺛﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ در ‪ UNFCCC‬و ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ در دوره اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺻﺮف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬

‫ﻃﻲ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻋﻼم ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ‪ 127 ،‬ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮاي درﻳﺎﻓﺖ وام ارﺳﺎل ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ازاﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ‪ 36‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ وام ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ وام ﻣﺼﻮب ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ‪4/5‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن دﻻر ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ‪1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن دﻻر آن‬ ‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮداﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﻧﺪ و ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫دراﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ‪ 68‬درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺟﺪ اﻟﺸﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻮدن اﻳﺮان ﺟﻬﺖ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻳﻦ وام‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪ 3 ،‬ﻃﺮح از اﻳﺮان در ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ‪ 644498‬دﻻر ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻳﻦ وام ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداراﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻟﺒﺘﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺸﺎورﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬در اﻳﺮان وﻫﻤﻜﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه از ﻃﺮف ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎن ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋهاي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ آﺧﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح‪ ،‬اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺪد اﻳﺮان از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ درﺣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از اﻳﺮان در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﻮد در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪ CDM‬ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ وام ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ اﺣﺘﻴﺎج دارﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻃﺮح ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻲ ) ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ(‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و در ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ‪ CDM‬در ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﺋﻲ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ‪ :4‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﭼﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﮔﺎز را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ‪ – tce‬اﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪2013‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻬﺎم ﺷﻴﺮدل‬

‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﭼﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﮔﺎز را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ و اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن اﺟﺎزه ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ در ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺰرگ ﮔﺎزي را ﺑﺎزآوري‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎه ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧﺎت ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ‪ -‬ﮔﺎز ﻛﻨﺪاﻧﺲ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﭼﺎه‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎز در ﺣﺪود ‪ 25‬درﺻﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺎن را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي آن در ﺣﺎل اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺰرگ ﮔﺎز ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﻮر دﻫﻲ ﭼﺎه را ﺗﺎ ‪ 80‬درﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﭼﺎه ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ روش را ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آن اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﮔﺎز و ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‪ 1‬اﻣﺎ اﻳﻦ روشﻫﺎ ﮔﺮان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ارزان و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺿﺎ رﺣﻴﻢﭘﻮر ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮر ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻴﺮاز اﻳﺮان ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ روش ﻋﺒﻮردﻫﻲ ﭼﺎه را ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 1,3 – 1,6‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ و ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزي رﻳﺎﺿﻲ اﻳﺪه ﺧﻮد را ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﮔﺎزي ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ درون ﺗﻮده ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر زﻳﺎد ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬درﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻠﻲ در زﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎز ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ ‪ 2-5‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬اﻓﺰودن ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻪ اﻓﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮي در ﻓﺸﺎر و ﻣﻴﻌﺎن ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﻲ را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪CPA‬‬ ‫)‪ (cubic-plus-association‬ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮدﻧﺪ و درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ "ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﺨﺰن و ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزآوري ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ از دﺳﺖ رﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧﺎت ﮔﺎزي ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ از ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﻮدر ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺣﺎوي آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮدن ﻟﻜﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬و ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻫﻨﺪي و اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮﺳﺖ دور رﻳﺨﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﻮ و ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﭘﺮوﺗﺰ آﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻦ را ﻣﻲﺷﻜﻨﺪ‬ ‫و ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻟﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن و ﻏﺬا ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﻧﮕﺎول ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻮﺑﺮاﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻦ از داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آﻧﺎﻣﺎﻻي ﻫﻨﺪ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس آﻟﻮﻳﻮﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺰ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ اﺣﺘﻴﺎج دارد و ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎن را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪود ‪ 50-60‬درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺮم ﺗﻨﺎن را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﻗﺒﻼ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ دﻳﮕﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪fracking‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

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‫ﺗﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس آﻟﻮﻳﻮﻧﺴﻴﺲ را از ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦﻫﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺪا ﻛﺮده و در ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﻮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺧﺮﭼﻨﮓ و ﭘﻮدر‬ ‫اﺳﻜﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺑﺮاي ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در دﻣﺎي ‪ 55‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ آﻧﻬﺎ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺷﺪه را ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري‬ ‫ﺷﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎزي ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻮﺑﺮاﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻦ و ﺗﻴﻢ اش درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ از ﭘﻮدر ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﮕﻮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻮن را ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و‬ ‫در ‪ 50‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼف دﻳﮕﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ ﺧﻮد را در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ از دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮوﺗﺰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻮس آﻟﻮﻳﻮﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﺣﺪود ‪ 80‬درﺻﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮد را در ‪ 80‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ‪ PH‬ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ ،9-12 ،‬ﻛﻪ دوﺑﺎره ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﻳﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ ارزان اﺳﺖ و از ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎده زاﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺎز اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺘﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه اﻳﻦ روش را ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺟﺬاب ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺎك ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫اﺧﺒﺎر ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎدل ﭘﺮﺗﻮي – ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺻﺎدق اﺣﺪي‬ ‫‪ -1‬در راﺳﺘﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ دو ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺎز ﻫﮕﺰا ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‪،‬‬ ‫‪ SF6‬و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺷﺒﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اﻧﺮژي ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ )‪ (KEMCO‬و ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ و‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎي ‪ KFQ‬و ‪ ECONETWORK‬ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺮ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮق ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (KEPCO‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اواﺳﻂ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه اﻣﺴﺎل ﮔﺮوه ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻔﺮه ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از آﻗﺎﻳﺎن دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﭙﻮر ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻧﻈﺎرت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻓﺮﺣﻨﺎﻛﻴﺎن ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻣﻮر ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮق ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪس رﺧﺸﺎﻧﻲﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺮق ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﭘﺮﺗﻮي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ و آﻗﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻧﻮدل ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﭘﺮوژه ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي از ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آورده و راﻫﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق اﻳﺮان را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﺒﺎدل ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ KEPCO‬و ‪ KFQ‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺧﻮد در روزﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه در اﻳﺮان‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻀﻮر در ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺮ و اراﺋﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺮوژه‪ ،‬از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺮق ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻬﺮان و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻧﻴﺮو ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻣﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻫﻤﻜﺎري دو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮق اﻳﺮان و ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎرب و داﻧﺶ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎدﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮو در واﺣﺪ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﺮاز ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻃﻲ ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺎه‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﺮاز از ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات واﺣﺪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر در ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮر‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﻣﻘﺮر ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺻﻼح ﻣﻮاردي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻗﺪام‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺎل ﺟﺎري ﻗﺮارداد ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻃﺮح ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﭘﺲ از اﺟﻼس اﻋﻀﺎي ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ آب وﻫﻮا در ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در ﭘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻋﻼم آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺋﺪ و ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ‪ 125‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن دﻻري‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻬﺎد واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﮔﻮاﻫﻲﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‪ ،‬آژاﻧﺲ اﻧﺮژي ﺳﻮﺋﺪ اﻋﻼم ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﺎر ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺮوژ اﻋﻼم ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ دوره دوم ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ را‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺻﺪد ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺮوژه ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻋﻼﻧﻴﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ‪ 484‬ﻣﮕﺎوات ﻏﺮب ﻛﺎرون ﻣﭙﻨﺎ از ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻻزم‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻓﻮق در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ را اراﺋﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮق ﻏﺮب ﻛﺎرون ﻣﭙﻨﺎ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎﻫﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد و ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود ‪ 600‬ﻫﺰار ﺗﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر دياﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻧﻬﺎد ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ از ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آب و ﺑﺮق ﻗﺸﻢ ﻣﭙﻨﺎ‪ :‬اﺑﺘﺪاي آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه اﻣﺴﺎل ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ KFQ‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آب و ﺑﺮق ﻗﺸﻢ ﻣﭙﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮق و آب ﻗﺸﻢ ﻣﭙﻨﺎ در ﺟﺰﻳﺮه‬ ‫ﻗﺸﻢ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ 50‬ﻣﮕﺎوات ﺑﺮق و ‪ 18000‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ آب ﺷﺮب در روز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺪود‬ ‫‪ 135000‬ﺗﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ و اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲرود ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺎل ﺟﺎري در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﻃﺮح ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺎز ‪ CO2‬در ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮح ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزﻳﺎﺑﻲ دياﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اوره در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 48‬ﻫﺰار ﺗﻦ ‪ CO2‬را ﺟﺬب ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮح ‪ CDM‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ در‬ ‫ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -7‬ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ذﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎن ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻟﻪ دوﻛﻞ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح )‪ 60‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي اروﻣﻴﻪ( ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه او‪‬ﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ )‪ (CPA‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك )‪ (CDM-POA‬ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ رﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ ذيﻧﻔﻌﺎن اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮوژه در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺳﺘﻮدﻧﻲ ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫آب و ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻳﺮان ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎي ﻃﺮح و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺎب ﻗﺪس ﻫﻤﻜﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎور در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ‪ POA‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎزدﻫﻢ آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ ﭘﺮوژه‪ ،‬و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﺟﻠﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ و ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫در ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﭘﺮوژه ﺟﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺪه اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -8‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﺮ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ‪ Steinbeis‬ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺣﻴﺎي ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ اﻣﻀﺎي ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻀﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻛﻞ اﻣﻮر ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ و رﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﺸﺎوره‬ ‫و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ‪ Steinbeis‬ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‪ ،‬راه ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻜﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﻮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

‫▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ دوﻟﺖ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻧﺮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ )اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ اﻧﺮژﻳﻬﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ(‬ ‫در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻧﺮژﻳﻬﺎي ﻧﻮ و ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻨﺪ )ب( ﻣﺎده ‪ 133‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﻮر‪ ،‬وزارت‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮو ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮق از ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ را ﺑﻪ ‪ 4442‬رﻳﺎل ﺑﻪ ازاء ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮوات اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ ﻛﻴﻮﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از درآﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ -25‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ‪1392‬‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Summary Results of the CDM Meetings Methodologies Panel sixty-first meeting (MP WG60) Date of meeting: 7 to 11 2013 Bonn, Germany The Meth Panel provided input to the secretariat on possible future tasks to be considered for inclusion in the 2014 workplan of the Meth Panel. (a) The deadline for the submission of proposed new methodologies (PNMs) to be considered at the MP 62 meeting will be decided be decided at the seventy-sixth meeting of the Board and accordingly updated on the public web page: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/index.html>; (b) The deadline for the submission of requests for revision to be considered at the MP 62 meeting will be decided be decided at the seventy-sixth meeting of the Board and accordingly updated on the public web page: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/Revisions/index. html>; (c) The deadline for the submission of requests for clarification to be considered at the MP 62 meeting will be decided be decided at the seventy-sixth meeting of the Board and accordingly updated on the public web page: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/Clarifications/in dex.html>.

Information on proposed new large-scale methodologies, their status, case history and final recommendations to the Board by the Meth Panel are made available on the UNFCCC CDM website at: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/pnm/pending>. If the Board accepts the recommendations, the final recommendations and responses are made available on the UNFCCC CDM website at: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/pnm>.

Status of consideration of new methodological tools

26 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Status of consideration of proposed new large-scale methodological standards

Conclusion of the meeting The Meth Panel dealt with methodology and case-specific issues, including submissions of methodologies received by the deadlines specified in the last report, and made recommendations to the Board, in line with the 2013 workplan of the Meth Panel.

The Meth Panel adopted the report and concluded its 61st meeting. The report and annexes will be available on the UNFCCC website.

27 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Small-Scale Working Group forty-second meeting (SSC WG42) Date of meeting: 14 to 17 October 2013 Bonn, Germany The SSC WG considered a status report on the implementation of the 2013 workplan of the SSC WG. The deadline for the submission of proposed new methodologies (PNMs) to be considered at the 43rd meeting of the SSC WG will be decided at the seventy-sixth meeting of the Board and accordingly updated on the public website: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/pac/howto/CDMProjectActivity/NewMethodology/index.html>; Information on proposed new small-scale methodologies, their status, case history and final recommendations proposed by the SSC WG for consideration by the Board are made available on the UNFCCC CDM website at: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/SSCmethodologies/NewSSCMethodologies/index.html>. If the Board accepts the recommendations, the final recommendations and responses are made available on the UNFCCC CDM website at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/SSCmethodologies/pnm.

The relevant procedure “Development, revision and clarification of baseline and monitoring methodologies and methodological tools” (version 01.1) is available on the UNFCCC CDM website at: <http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Procedures/index.html#meth>.

The SSC WG considered the proposed new methodological standards listed in table 2 below, as well as desk reviews and public inputs received, where applicable.

Status of proposed new methodological standards/tools developed top-down

28 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Status of consideration of proposed new methodological standards/tools

The SSC WG adopted the external and the internal report and concluded its 42nd meeting. The report and its annexes will be available on the UNFCCC website.

29 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

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COP19: a developing country perspective Warsaw, 13 November 2013 – Want to know what's happening at COP19 from a developing country perspective? Read news articles from 15 developing country journalists covering the COP. Stories added daily.

CDM EB Q&A session webcast now available on demand Warsaw, 13 November 2013 – At the UN Climate Change Conference in Warsaw, Poland, members of the CDM Executive Board gave a presentation on the activities of the EB and answered questions from the audience about the CDM. A webcast of the event is now available on demand.

30 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

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Efficient charcoal production focus of MoU Warsaw, 20 November 2013 – The UNFCCC secretariat has signed a memorandum of understanding with Germany's Future of the Carbon Market Foundation to develop a standardized baseline for efficient charcoal production in western Africa.

Winners announced: 2013 CDM photo and video contest Warsaw, 15 November 2013 – UNFCCC head Christiana Figueres announced the winners of the 2013 CDM International Photo and Video Contest today at a ceremony at COP19 in Warsaw, Poland. The winning pieces were selected from many entries for their ability to relay compelling stories about the mechanism.

31 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Report 1: Towards a low-carbon fossil fuels future

FOR some time it has been recognised that urgent action is needed if we are to halt the everaccelerating rise in atmospheric carbon levels. Successive IPCC reports have plotted the course of our inaction and identified countless scenarios of what should be done to halt and reverse the trend.

Yet whilst back in the days of the Kyoto Protocol the ambition was to cap CO2 levels below 400 ppm and to return to pre-1990 levels of less than 350 ppm by 2020, we have now for the first time (in May 2013) exceeded 400 ppm.

According to the latest IPCC 5th Assessment Report and the 2013 IEA World Energy Outlook Special Report, the aspiration even to keep levels below 450 ppm (which models suggest corresponds to a 50% chance of restricting mean global temperature rises of 2oC) is rapidly receding. These latest carbon-reduction scenarios suggest that even with a response far more rapid than anything the global community has achieved to date, the best we may probably now do is keep levels below 500 ppm, or even 550 ppm, equivalent to 5–6oC mean temperature rises. While we haven’t yet reached the point of no return in achieving the 450 ppm target, the latest reports indicate that we seem to be getting very close.

32 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ 450 – the magic number The solution is, of course, complex. To meet the 450 ppm scenario we need to reduce CO2 emissions in 2050 by about 50 Gt/y compared with what we would be pushing into the atmosphere if we did nothing. We currently emit 28 Gt/y and projections are that by 2050 global energy demand will double. All the projections suggest that whilst the amount of renewable generation (and probably nuclear) will increase in a major way over the next four decades the rate of technology development, supply at scale, and cost reduction will not occur quickly enough to address this low carbon energy challenge alone. Besides, developing countries with plentiful supplies of fossil fuels will wish to deploy these in the short term as a cheaper and more secure route to meeting their growing energy needs than the emerging alternatives. So we shall have a mixed energy economy for many decades with fossil fuels still contributing at least 50% to the portfolio in 2050 and probably beyond.

Meeting the 450 or even 500 ppm CO2 capping targets is a tough ask. Yet I believe we can still achieve this if we can take rapid enough action in three areas. First we simply need to use less energy – energy efficiency measures are crucial to solving the climate dilemma and include some of the simple solutions that we all, as individuals, communities and organisations can implement relatively easily and at fairly low cost. This could account for up to 50% of the 50 Gt/y of CO2 emission savings we are looking for by 2050. Second, the investment in and deployment of very low carbon footprint energies (ie renewable and nuclear) must continue to take place at a level and rate that ensure that they can be moved through to efficiency improvement and large-scale commercialisation as quickly as possible. Projections suggest that about 30% of the 2050 carbon reduction target could be achieved by this route. Third, the inevitable continued use of fossil fuels until the second half of this century means that we must accompany this by preventing as much CO2 as possible from being released into the atmosphere. The short- to medium-term solution to this is readily available via carbon capture and storage (CCS). Here, CO2 generated in central facilities, such as power plants and large industrial complexes (eg cement manufacture and iron and steel production being the largest emitters) is captured using solvents or solid adsorbents and then transported and injected as a supercritical fluid into large underground storage sites, such as deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs or uneconomic coal seams. Whilst there is much development still to be done on CCS to bring the cost down, particularly of the capture stage, and to decrease the energy The aspiration even to keep requirements (the so-called ‘energy penalty’), the current levels below 450 ppm (which generation of CCS processes is perfectly capable of models suggest corresponds to achieving all the technical goals, safely and securely. What a 50% chance of restricting mean global temperature rises is required is the political will to enforce its adoption and of 2oC) is rapidly receding. create the right fiscal environment (with carbon taxes or trading systems) to ensure their widespread adoption.

33 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

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the CCS challenge How then can the oil and gas industry respond to this enormous challenge of continuing to supply the hydrocarbons needed to meet global demand (which will require steadily increasing volumes in absolute terms, even as the proportion of oil and gas overall gradually declines), whilst at the same time contributing to ensuring that as much of the CO2 released from the use of those hydrocarbons is not released to the atmosphere? Some of the major oil and gas companies have been exploring opportunities in renewables, especially biofuels. But the most straightforward way they can contribute is to make available their technology and depleted reservoirs to develop, with the power sector, governments and all stakeholders, the commercial-scale CCS industry that is required to meet the 10 Gt/y 2050 CO2 storage target. To achieve this will require about 3,500 large-scale (>1 Mt/y CO2) CCS projects worldwide by 2050 (compared with over 30,000 fossil-fuelled power plants worldwide at present). With only a handful of large-scale demonstration projects currently in existence, this represents an enormous challenge; but it is also an enormous opportunity with the prospect of a new industry, building on the best of upstream and downstream oil and gas technology, which by the middle of this century could be of comparable size, with all the economic and social benefits that may bring. pump up the (unconventional) gas Apart from CCS, the next most straightforward way we can continue using hydrocarbons whilst making major inroads on CO2 emissions is to use as much gas as possible. Methane produces 50% of the CO2 generated by the combustion of oil and coal so their widespread substitution by gas, especially for power generation and heating, can at a stroke make a major contribution to meeting lower carbon targets. Natural gas is increasingly talked of a destination fuel, rather than a transition to a largely renewables world, and its use coupled to CCS has the potential to compete with renewable and nuclear as a low emissions energy source. It has the capability of meeting most of the future expectations for fossil fuels. Capacity will not be a problem; proven conventional gas reserves of >200 x 1012 m3 are enough to meet demand for 65 years at current levels. New reserves will undoubtedly be found and there will be increased use of enhanced gas recovery techniques (EGR) where injection of CO2 can be particularly effective in ensuring that most of the in situ methane is recovered, whilst subsequently being stored in the depleted reservoir. This would provide double the benefits in the reduction of carbon emissions.

It is becoming increasingly evident that our future gas supplies will not be constrained by conventional reserves. The shale gas revolution in the US, which in a few years has transformed the country from a net gas importer to a potential exporter and at the same time helped reduce its CO2 emissions by 11% (about 200 Mt/y, down to mid-1990s levels) by substituting gas for coal in power generation, is the most visible example of where unconventional gas supplies have enormous potential to meet energy needs through a gas-based economy. This has been made possible by the combination of drilling long horizontal wells through shale formations and using hydraulic fracturing to create a complex network of fractures that increase the exposed surface area and 34 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ facilitate the release of the gas trapped in the highly impermeable shale rock. There are large resources of Even with a response far more shale gas potentially available in many areas of the world. rapid than anything the global community has achieved to date, Shale is the source rock for hydrocarbons that have since the best we may probably now migrated to surrounding sandstone and carbonate do is to keep levels below 500 reservoirs, from which oil and gas is traditionally ppm, or even 550 ppm, produced. The residues of gas (and sometimes oil) equivalent to 5–6oC mean remaining in the neighbouring shales will thus be temperature rises. available wherever oil and gas has been found, and often in enormous quantities. Current estimates of worldwide shale gas resources, which are likely to be conservative, are about 450 x 1012 m3 which is about 150 times current global gas consumption levels. In the UK, shale gas resources in the Bowland Shale in Lancashire have been recently estimated at 36 x 1012 m3 by the British Geological Survey. Together with further significant resources in the Weald region of South East England and elsewhere, this represents many decades of potential supply, even if only 10% of these resources turn out to be recoverable. The UK government is giving strong encouragement for these resources to be recovered, driven largely it seems by security of supply issues; currently the UK is a major gas importer as North Sea gas has dwindled, being highly dependent on LNG from Qatar and pipeline supplies from Norway. It is to be hoped, however, that if shale gas really does take off in the UK that the opportunity will be taken to replace coal-fired power stations with gas, preferably fitted with carbon capture, to make the same impact on our carbon emissions as it has in the US. Similar substitution of coal by gas will be required across the world over the next few decades to avoid simply driving emissions across borders by exporting cheap coal.

35 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ accepting fracking There are of course major public concerns about producing shale gas, largely centred around the controversial hydraulic fracturing, or ‘fracking’, process. These cover safety and environment issues such as the chemicals in the fracturing fluids reaching aquifers which provide domestic water supplies; the process causing earth tremors and endangering existing buildings; and the large amounts of water used in the process. The large footprint of the equipment, particularly the many heavy horsepower trucks required on location (to create the wells and pump the pressurised fluids) also appears to cause concern. The reality is that all of these risks are small and by good process design and proper regulation can be avoided. Shale gas production should be no more risky than conventional onshore oil and gas production. However, the public perception is real and needs to be addressed by improved communication and engagement from companies, technical experts and government to allay the concerns and also address the ‘not-in-my-backyard’ issues that are understandable given some of the rural locations potentially involved. The excellent practice exhibited by BP in developing the Wytch Farm oilfield (pictured, right) in Dorset, UK, should be used as an example of how the industry already has much experience on how to exploit oil and gas with minimal footprint in sensitive areas.

36 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Reports Report 2: Saudi Arabia to spend US$7bn on water schemes Plans to use renewables and nuclear for desalination SAUDI ARABIA will spend US$7bn on its water sector in 2013, according to a new report from the Kuwait Financial Centre, Markaz.

In its report on the Saudi Arabian water industry, Markaz says that Saudi Arabia has set aside US$133bn to invest in its water and electricity sectors over the coming decade. The priorities in 2013 are desalination and wastewater treatment plants.

The country is one of the most water-stressed in the world. Water consumption is relatively high at 950 m3/y per capita, compared to a global average of 500 m3.

Groundwater sources are depleted and desalination is now the primary source of water. There are 27 desalination plants in Saudi Arabia producing 3m m3/d of water – the largest amount in the world. There are several more projects in the immediate pipeline or currently being built, including the US$2bn Yanbu phase 3 desalination project, and the US$1.5bn Ras Al-Khair project.

Desalination is generally powered using Saudi Arabia’s abundant oil and gas resources, but the government is planning to invest heavily in renewable and nuclear energy over the coming years.

Ultimately it plans that half its desalination plants should be nulcear or renewable-powered.

SABIC plans world’s largest CO2 purification plant GERMAN engineering group Linde has been contracted to build the world’s largest CO2 purification and liquefaction plant in Saudi Arabia.

The contract was awarded by a subsidiary of state-owned chemicals giant SABIC, which says the plant will be based in the Jubail Industrial City. It will compress and purify about 1,500 t/d of raw carbon dioxide sourced from ethylene glycol plants elsewhere in the city.

Once purified, the gas will be used to produce methanol and urea – vital to the chemicals and fertiliser industries. It will also produce 200 t/d of liquid CO2 for sale to the beverage and food industry. The company says that by building the plant, it will cut its CO2 emissions by an estimated 500,000 t/y.

Yousef Al-Zamel, executive vice president of SABIC’s chemicals strategic business unit, says that the plan “will add to SABIC ‘s business portfolio of industrial gas products. “This is the first of many similar projects to be executed next year.”

37 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Report 3: Methanol could decrease blockages in gas wells Would allow engineers to restore productivity in large gas reservoirs WHEN the pressure in a gas condensate well drops below a certain level – the dew point – the gas condenses and blocks the well. Now researchers in Iran have found that methanol can reduce the problem.

Gas meets around a quarter of worldwide energy needs, and demand is growing. Large gas reservoirs tend to accumulate liquid, which can reduce well permeability by 80%, lowering productivity.

Well engineers have tried several ways to reduce this, including gas injection and fracking, but these tend to be expensive. Methanol, however, is cheap and readily available. The researchers, led

by Mohammed Reza Rahimpour, a chemical engineering professor at Shiraz University, Iran, say it improves well permeability by a factor of 1.3–1.6.

The team experimented with limestone cores and mathematical modelling to back up its thinking.

An artificial gas mixture was pumped into the cores at high pressure, while the overall pressure was set below the dew point of the gas. Methanol was then injected at a rate of 2–5 cm3/minute.

Adding the methanol results in a smaller drop in pressure and less condensation, the researchers say. They applied modelling using the cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation to determine the effect of methanol on a full-size reservoir and found that the effect was the same.

“These results may help reservoir engineers and specialists to restore the lost productivity of gas condensate,” the team concludes.

Chemical Engineering Research and Design DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.015

Making washing powder with shrimp shells BIOLOGICAL washing powder contains a variety of enzymes to aid stain removal, and researchers in India and the US have found that one such enzyme can be produced using a marine bacterium and waste shrimp shells.

Proteases are enzymes which break down proteins and are useful for removing blood and food stains. The researchers, led by Thangavel Balasubramanian from Annamalai University, India found that the marine bacterium Bacillus alveayuensis produces protease. Enzyme production requires a nutrient source and the researchers investigated the use of shellfish waste, which comprises around 50–60% of the total catch of shellfish and has already been used to produce other enzymes.

The team isolated B. alveayuensis from marine sediments and incubated them in solutions with shrimp shell powder, crab shell powder and squid pen powder, for 60 hours at 55°C. They then collected and purified the resulting enzymes before testing their activity and stability.

38 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

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Balasubramanian and his team found that the most enzymes were produced with shrimp shell powder. The enzyme removes blood stains completely and is most effective at 50°C. Unlike other enzymes, which lose their efficacy at high temperatures, the protease from B. alveayuensis retains around 80% of its activity at 80°C. It is active at a wide pH range – from 9–12 – again much wider than other proteases. It is also stable in the presence of commercial detergents.

The researchers say that the process to produce the enzymes is inexpensive and uses a problem waste product, benefitting the environment, making the approach potentially very attractive for the detergent industry. Food and Bioproducts Processing DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.08.009

39 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Report 4: Statement by H.E. Dr. Massoumeh Ebtekar (Vice-President & Head of Department of Environment Islamic Republic of Iran) COP19/CMP9, UNFCCC 20-22 Nov. 2013 - Warsaw-Poland

In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Mr. President, Honorable Ministers and Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, At the outset, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the government and people of Poland for hosting this august Conference and the hospitality extended to my delegation. First and foremost, I would like to associate myself with the statements made on behalf of G77 and China as well as the positions delivered by LMDCs , are a group of countries with more than half the world's population and the global share of GDP. I shall attempt to stand much focused on the issues of relevance to my country along with the principles desired to be adequately reflected in the structure of the new agreement in coherence with the ADP. I wish to emphasize the new vision on sustainable development promoted by the recently elected President, Dr. Rouhani.

40 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ Mr. President, Climate change and its global warming phenomenon is in essence an all inclusive predicament that requires collective and harmonious political will and practical measures. A transformation of global development policy and directions from pure profit and selfish material gain to social and humanitarian gain is the cornerstone of all efforts. These measures-contemplated by the parties to UNFCCC- would have to be based on fair criteria, equity and CBDR with their respective capabilities. The historical responsibilities are to be met. Legal obligations and commitment are to be respected and responded to in a favourable fashion. In this regard the progresses and actions taken by the big economies would necessarily have to be MRV in nature.

In our region escalation of violence and terrorism coupled with a long history of military intervention and armed conflict has increased the vulnerability of nations. We are in critical time and it is necessary that the developed country Parties take the lead in reducing their emissions by undertaking ambitious mitigation. The key to increase the level of ambitions to reduce emissions lies with the developed country Parties’ political will and the recognition of their historical responsibility. The principles of the Convention should guide the discussions of the Durban Platform, and they shall not be renegotiated. The negotiations should be based on comprehensive issues and address all the agreed outcomes in previous sessions.

The outcome of the negotiations on the enhanced platform should be supplementary to the Kyoto Protocol as well as address all the five pillars of Bali Action Plan adequately and not limit discussion to mitigation.

Ladies and Gentlemen The findings of the "IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report" are scientifically credible and are acknowledged. In this report it may clearly be seen that the Middle East region is currently experiencing harsher reduction of rain fall and well above global average temperature rise due to the adverse impacts of Climate Change. In the same report the temperate rise trend to the end of the current century is extremely alarming. To this effect, my region is faced with sever episodes of emerging environmental challenges such as continuous draught, dust and sand storms. Water resources availability in Iran has reached its critical limit.

However illegal and unintelligent sanctions imposed upon the Islamic Republic of Iran have impeded our advances and have led to serious delays in energy efficiency plans and mitigation measures. Also 45 major wetlands are in critical condition. Wetlands such as Uromia or Hamoon are no longer offering their ecosystem services. Agricultural activities, food security and health concerns have become serious threats. Hence, in the new agreement significant weight should be dedicated to "Adaptation" and the means to ensure implementation of pertinent collective response measures.

In this regard Islamic Republic of Iran offers to establish a "Regional Centre for Early Warning and Monitoring System" with the joint collaboration of the international institutions and the countries in the region to further strengthen its "Adaptation Activities" at regional scale to issues such as draught, Dust Storms and Dust Haze Phenomenon.

Mr. President, Distinguished Delegates; Post-2020 as a negotiation process should be based on all aspects of the principles of convention particularly principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities. New agreement must address historical responsibility of developed countries and developed countries must stop any attempt the transfer the burden of addressing climate change to developing countries. It is essential that the developed country Parties make clarification on their quantified economy-wide emission 41 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ reduction targets. In this regards, in new agreement, we need strong monitoring system on implementation of commitments. Reform of CDM mechanism in framework of new agreement, should keep and strengthen it policy in framework of investment by Annex-I countries in nonAnnex I countries in small-scale and large-scale projects aiming to achieve emissions reductions.

Mr. President, There are three links in the Mitigation chain: Energy, Technology and Finance. For energy all parties are to be encouraged to develop their national energy mix to diversify utilization of alternative sources of clean and low carbon intensity energy with emphasis on increased share of clean and environmentally friendly energy production and consumption patterns. Islamic Republic of Iran has taken a number of huge voluntary mitigation steps in reducing the cold and hot flares and is committed to continue its activities. On the issue of technology and capacity, there have been some gray areas since the inception of UNFCCC. The development and transfer of climate change technology, capacity building and IPR are ever becoming serious hurdles to be remove .The developed countries should deeply engage their administrations to meet their historical responsibilities and obligations. In this regard CTCN is expected to take a critical responsibility. The institutional arrangement between the NDEs and CTCN is to be defined and established. Islamic Republic of Iran attaches high importance to the CTCN and invites all parties to effectively support its role in practice.

Distinguished Colleagues, The third link is "Finance". Whilst emphasizing on the materialization of article 4.8 of the convention by the developed countries, Islamic Republic of Iran wishes to see a "Green Climate Fund" fitting the size of the need to adapt and mitigate. The pledges, promises and potentials should turn in to practice. New and additional public funds are to be dedicated. Public-Private Partnerships are to be encouraged to augment the public funds and not to replace them. At the same time attractive "Market based Mechanisms" should be devised and the list of CDM qualified projects diversified to broaden its inclusion. Such positive mechanisms are to be strengthened and promoted in the new agreement. Iran supports a special GCF window on technology.

Mr. President, In conclusion, I wish to highlight and make a very strong point. Despite paragraph 5 of Article 3 of UNFCCC as well as the paragraphs 58 and 281 in the outcome document of Rio+20 summit, (The Future We Want!) , which was later approved and endorsed by the 67th UN General Assembly in October 2012 , the devastating environmental effects of cruel sanctions on Iran are being ignored.

The environmental consequences of such discriminatory actions by certain parties, have not only deteriorated the Climate Change vulnerable environment of Iran and the region, but also has given rise to the potential of global warming targeting the global environment. This is particularly true in offsetting the mitigation efforts contemplated in the energy sector (oil, gas and power) in Iran in compliance with UNFCCC's mandate.

Islamic Republic of Iran is very much committed to the UN lead efforts to combat Climate Change driven impacts and is determined to ensure a holistic approach to the formulation of a new post 2020 agreement guided by the principles of the Convention to guarantee the basic God granted rights of the present and future generations.

Thank you for your patience and attention. http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop19/enb/ 42 1392 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬-25 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ ﺳﺎل ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬،‫ﺧﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎك و ﺑﺎزار ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬

Prepared by: Mehr Renewable Energy Co Colleagues: Mohammad Sadegh Ahadi Adel Partovi Mahtab Sadeghi Hariri Elham Shirdel Mohammad Ebrahim Reisi Azin Shahni Danesh

Address : Unit 11, No. 4, 24 Metri Blvd, Sa'adat Abad, Tehran, Iran.

Tel: +98 21 88584125 & 22136142 Fax:+98 21 88584126 & 22136271 Email: info@mehrenergy.com Website: www.mehrenergy.com