DD module 2 by melodyyan_

Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Melody Yan

(994311) Joel Collins + Studio 21

Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age

Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)

Described by Kolerevic, the three fundamental types of fabrication techniques are subtractive fabrication, additive fabrication and formative fabrication. Subtractive fabrication removes a specified volume of material from solids whereas additive fabrication involves adding layers of material to create an object. Generally, subtractive fabrication is more expensive than additive fabrication but relatively faster. 3D printing is an example of additive fabrication and CNC machining is an example of subtractive fabrication. Differing from additive and subtractive fabrication, formative fabrication pours or injects liquid material into a mold and allows it to cool, and it can be employed for large-scale work. Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication provides more flexibility and accuracy. It enables mass customisation and production of multiple variations with parametric modelling. Therefore, the architects are no longer restricted by the capability of designs and they can control or experiment with CNC digitally.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

Surface Script This script was created to construct lofts within a cube. Deconstruct Brep command was used to extract edges and List Item command was employed to select four curves as the edges of the surfaces. Surface Domain Number command was used to create a 5 Ă&#x2014; 5 grid for each surface. In order to create more variations of the grids, I used both Point Attraction and Curve Attraction, which are commands that move the location of points. For manipulating the shapes of the lofts, I adjusted the number sliders which are plugged into List Item box as Index.

Surface Creation

Loft 1 Loft 2

Loft 3

Loft 4

As mentioned on page 3, the visual script was used to create two surfaces which have a dynamic relationship with each other. Several different shapes were created, but these four images (loft1 - loft3) were chosen since the visual relationship between the two surfaces are quite strong. They are the iterations of the task 1 matrix.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Panellling

After I produced four different pairs of lofts, I experimented with panelling. Loft 4 on page 4 was further developed with panelling unit designs, as the two surfaces show a sense of divergence and provide an interesting space between them. These four images show panels with differnet shapes and geometries.

Isometric View

I combined 2d patterns and 3d triangular geometries with the Dispatch command. The vertices of the shape are all pointing towards the same direction. Opposing Point Attraction was employed so the two surfaces are attracted to two different directions, hence creates a sense of divergence.

Creating the waffle structure with grasshopper was a very technical process. We were introduced to Graft, Flatten and Simplify commands in the workshop, and they were used when the data structure presents an error.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting

Panels were unrolled in Rhino, then added tabs with ptTabs command. From the workshop, we learnt the processing of laying out the waffle structure in grasshopper, then baking into Rhino. I labeled the waffle structure directly onto the cutting objects as they will be hidden behind the panels. On the other hand, I put the numbers next to the unrolled pieces for the panels.

Panels

Waffle

Ivory Card

Mountboard

290 gsm

1mm

According to the laser cut template, the black lines are cutting lines and the black lines are cutting lines and the red lines are for etching. I also learnt a trick of using dashed lines for folding lines, which made my physical model look cleaner and easier to make.

Exploded Isometric Different 2D panelling units were used for this side, but they share similar visual effects. The triangular opening also provides a sense of lightness.

The openings of the panelling units expose the internal space, creating relationships between inside and outside of the structure.

The directions in which vertices of the geometries are attracted creates the sense of movement, guiding the circulation between the panels.

Two panels are supported and connected by the waffle structure. It aslo indicates the thresholds between the panels.

Parametric 3.2 chosen to define the changes in height,

Isometric 1:2

adding a sense of dynamic.

120mm

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Lofts

Matrix and Possibilities

1.1

1.2

1.3 {150,150,135}

{150,150,135}

{105,150,150}

1.4 {150,135,150}

{150,75,150}

{15,0,150}

{0,150,150}

{150,105,150}

{0,0,120}

{0,150,150} {120,0,150}

{150,75,150}

{105,0,150}

{45,0,150} {0,0,150}

{105,150,0}

{75,150,0}

{105,150,0} {150,0,15}

{150,30,0}

{150,15,0}

{0,150,0}

{150,105,0}

{0,105,0} {0,105,0}

{0,15,0}

{60,0,0} {0,15,0}

{0,90,0}

{150,0,0}

{0,0,0}

Paneling Grid & Attractor Point

{Index Selection}

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

{-206,141,3}

{21,-46,120}

{-206,141,3}

Paneling

{Attractor Point Location}

3.1

3.2

{Curve Attractor}

3.3

Key

{Curve Attractor}

3.4

{0,0,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves Grid Points

For panelling, 2D and 3D patterns were created in Rhino and plugged in as Breps in grasshopper. Comparing 3.1 with 3.2, the 2D patterns provide a sense of transparency and lightness. On the other hand, 3.3 and 3.4 show a variety of heights and shapes, creating more interesting forms.

Photography of Model

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model

The main concept of this physical model is the idea of divergence. The vertices of both 2D patterns and 3D geometries of each side are pointing towards one direction. Opposing points were used to attract the panels, so the two sides are diverging out towards the attraction points. Strong contrast is created between the panels and the shadows created. The space between the panels is relatively dark and enclosed. As you walk through the internal space and follow the patterns, the space becomes lighter, more exposed and inviting.

Visual Scripting of Parametric Model

Boolean Script For scripting task 2 models, I learnt from task 1 that it is important to keep commands grouped together in grasshopper. As shown in the image above, I aslo changed the background colours of some groups into pinks or blues, in order to indicate that these are variables for designs. I used Volume command to find centroids, and manipulate their locations by Cuvre Attraction, Point Attraction and Random Attraction.

SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 3

Iteration 4

These four ghosted views capture four iterations with different geometries. They show a variety in scale and forms. Iteration 2 was chosen for further development as the cubes create interesting spaces by interlocking and overlapping. I experimented with Iteration 2 by scaling and rotating (3.1-3.4 on page 17).

Isometric (section cut)1:2 0

Isometric (50Ă&#x2014;50Ă&#x2014;50 3d printing) 120mm

30mm

SOLID AND VOID Isometric view

I selected both iteration 2 and iteration 3 for my final volume. The trimmed sections create interesting negative spaces (voids) within the solids. As shown in the isometric view on the left, the sharp angular edges define the boundary of the volume, as well as the carved surfaces that can be seen as platforms. The voids are interlocking and overlapping, which allows circulation and flow of air in terms of the permeability. Isometric (150 x 150 volume)1:2 0

120mm

Grid Manipulation

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

{-35,174,0}

{-22,-116,0}

{Point Attractor}

{Random Attractor}

{Curve Attractor}

{174,-90,0} {Opposing Point Attractors}

Key {0,0,0}

Attractor / Control Points (X,Y,Z) Attractor / Control Curves Grid Points

Task B Matrix 1.4 was chosen as the two points attractors allow a sense of dynamic for the geometries created. After I decided the attraction points, I experimented with different geometries, including sphere, cubes and prism. Cubes (2.2) was chosen for further development as the cubes overlap and produce interesting monumental spaces.

SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities

Object Variation Object Transformation

2.2

2.3

2.4

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

{Change the Random Seed Value}

{Scale and Rotate}

{Use Curve Attractor and Rotate}

2.1

{Change the Domain and Rotate}

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

SOLID AND VOID

Photography of Model

Four 3D printed parts were created. Model 1 was relatively simple, resulted from Boolean difference between the cube and spheres. However, the model is seen as a solid overall, negative spaces are not presented within the solids. Model 2 was developed from the reference geometries in 2.3 on page 12. The model acts like a pavilion, providing spaces between the ground and the solids. Model 3 developed the reference geometries in 2. 4 on page 12. Semiopen space is presnted in this model. Model 4 was developed with both cubes and prisms. It create interesting shadows and spaces between the solids. Multiple entrances/pathways are shown on the images on the left.

Model 4

Photography of Model (part a)

Appendix

Model making process

Removing unrolled surfaces from the ivory card. Folding and assembling each one before removing the next one.

Completed waffke structure. Using uhu to glue some of the fragile coners.

Attaching first side of panels onto the waffle stuructures. Using uhu to glue the tabs and the fins of the waffle.

Appendix

Process (part a)

Using Loft command to create two lofted surfaces through a set of section curves.

Referencing 2D panelling units as Brep. Pugging the brep into the Morph 3D command box as Pattern Objects.

Experimenting Dispatch command to create different combinations of 2D and 3D panelling units.

Using Trim Solids command to create x fins and z fins for the waffle structure.

Appendix

Process

Makerbot file for 3D printing Print Time: 6h 31m

Appendix

Process (part b)

Using Cellulate 3D grid to construct the grids which are arttacted to two points.

Using the Center Box command to construct the cubes. Manipulating their sizes by adjusting their number sliders.

Creating prisms with Weaverbirdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mesh Prism command.

Boolean Difference out the geometries from the 150 x150 x 150 cube.

Appendix

Photography of Model (part b)