Capital-Labor Substitution and Industrial Upgrading in China’s Steel Sector

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Development of Energy Science May 2015, Volume 3, Issue 2, PP.32-41

Capital-Labor Substitution and Industrial Upgrading in China’s Steel Sector Lihong Yu #, Li Huang, Jiachen Li School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China #

Email: ylhcumt@vip.sina.com

Abstract Under the pressure of energy conservation and emissions reduction, industrial upgrading depends on biased technology progress, such as capital substitute for energy, clean energy substitute for fossil fuels in China's steel sector. The measure is the elasticity of substitution between energy and non-energy factors. Based on translog production, this paper builds share equations of factors and AES elasticity of substitution model of Chinese steel industry, and estimates AES elasticity of substitution between the energy and non-energy factors and fuels using the data from 1990 to 2012. The results show that there are substitution and complementary between factors. Among them, there is AES complementary between capital and energy, and very weak substitution for capital to energy. Moreover, there are great alternative between electricity and gas, while complementary relationship between coal and other fuels. Therefore, the government may promote the corresponding energy price and industrial policies, advance capital substitute for energy further, and support research and development of energy saving technology, technical reform and improve efficiency to implementation the goals of energy conservation and emissions reduction. Keywords: AES Elasticity of Substitution; China’s Steel Sector; Interfactor Substitution; Interfuel Substitution

中国钢铁产业的资本-能源替代与产业升级 * 于立宏,黄丽,李嘉晨 华东理工大学 商学院,上海 200237 摘 要:在节能减排约束强化条件下,中国钢铁产业升级依赖于能够实现资本替代能源、清洁能源替代高碳能源的有偏技 术进步,而其衡量指标便是要素间和能源间的替代弹性。本文基于超对数生产函数建立了中国钢铁行业要素份额方程和 AES 替代弹性模型,并利用 1990-2012 年的数据估算了要素间以及燃料间的 AES 替代弹性以及交叉价格弹性。结果显 示,钢铁行业各要素间存在替代与互补关系,其中,资本与能源间 AES 互补,资本对能源存在极弱的替代性;电和天然 气之间具有较大的可替代性,而煤与其他燃料之间均为互补关系。因此,政府需要推进相应的能源价格政策和产业政 策,促进资本对能源的可替代增加,支持节能技术研发、技术改造和效率提高,以达到节能减排目的。 关键词:AES 替代弹性;钢铁行业;要素替代;能源替代

引言 在经历了三十多年的高速增长后,中国经济增长中的结构问题不断累积,能源资源约束趋于强化,生态 环境明显恶化,对未来经济的进一步发展带来严峻挑战,粗放型经济增长模式不可持续。调整产业结构和能 源结构已成为经济发展方式转型的必由之路。然而,中国产业结构调整进展缓慢,工业能耗占一次能源消费 的比重始终在 70%以上,而高耗能产业贡献了其中的 80%左右。考虑到中国目前所处的经济发展阶段,重化 *

基金资助:受教育部人文社科研究一般项目(14YJA790074) 、上海市哲社规划一般课题(2014BJB004) 、中央高校基本科研 业务费资助。 - 32 http://www.ivypub.org/des


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